STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATION NO. 3.

307

SHIP-HANDLING COMPETENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BERTHING AND UN-BERTHING LARGE VESSELS

OCTOBER 2008

DET NORSKE VERITAS

FOREWORD
DET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, property and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions. Standards for Certification Standards for Certification (previously Certification Notes) are publications that contain principles, acceptance criteria and practical information related to the Society's consideration of objects, personnel, organisations, services and operations. Standards for Certification also apply as the basis for the issue of certificates and/or declarations that may not necessarily be related to classification. A list of Standards for Certification is found in the latest edition of Pt.0 Ch.1 of the Rules for Classification of Ships and the Rules for Classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft. The list of Standards for Certification is also included in the current Classification Services Publications issued by the Society, which is available on request. All publications may be ordered from the Societys Web site http://webshop.dnv.com/global/. The Society reserves the exclusive right to interpret, decide equivalence or make exemptions to this Standard for Certification.

Introduction The need for additional training in manoeuvring large vessels is recognised in STCW-95. This new standard addresses the special competencies needed by ship's officers who are responsible for berthing and un-berthing large vessels with exceptional manoeuvring characteristics.

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Standard for Certification - No. 3.307 October 2008

CONTENTS
1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2. 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 5 Scope .........................................................................5 Target groups...........................................................5 Professional profile..................................................5 Required performance standard............................5 TAXONOMY.......................................................... 5 General .....................................................................5 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 4. Levels of cognition................................................... 5 Professional behaviour verbs ................................. 5 COMPETENCE REQUIREMENTS ................... 6 General..................................................................... 6 REFERENCES....................................................... 9

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Standard for Certification - No. 3.307 October 2008

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Standard for Certification - No. 3.307 October 2008

1. Introduction
1.1 Scope
The increasing size of vessels, especially container vessels, poses special challenges for ships officers during the operation of berthing or un-berthing. The vessels may be in excess of 400 metres, have fine lines for high speed operation with varying degrees of power availability and a relatively high freeboard. The demand to maintain slow speed control of these large vessels under varying environmental regimes therefore imposes an extra set of skills on the ships officer. The need for additional training in manoeuvring large vessels is recognised in STCW-95 section B-V/a. This standard addresses the special competencies needed by Ships Officers who are responsible for berthing and unberthing large vessels with exceptional manoeuvring characteristics. The scope of this standard is berthing and un-berthing large vessels. Other ship-handling competences, related to e.g. port approach, anchoring, etc. are not part of the scope.

ditions. The officer should be able to take the vessel through a narrow and shallow channel requiring tight turns, swing the vessel off the berth, bring the vessel alongside at a pre-determined position and un-berth the vessel.

1.4 Required performance standard

The performance standard describes how well the officers should perform their duties and tasks. Whilst undertaking the duties described in section 1.3, the officer will comply with all international, national and local regulations and requirements and the vessel shall be operated safely without damage to life, environment or property.

2. Taxonomy
2.1 General
Taxonomy of the required professional behaviour specifies the level on which the person should be able to operate. It is a hierarchical arrangement, in four (4) levels, of what a person has to master from simple to complex requirements, based on instructional design principles. For every next level, it is a prerequisite that the preceding level is mastered. The required professional behaviour is expressed by means of a verb.

1.2 Target groups

This DNV Standard is aimed at officers that are responsible for berthing and un-berthing large vessels.

1.3 Professional profile

The ships officer should be capable of taking command of the vessel, operating the ships controls for the propeller, rudder and thrusters and using tugs in a variety of environmental conLevel 1: Knowledge (K) Level 2: Understanding (U) Level 3: Application (A)

2.2 Levels of cognition

Each competence requirement can be classed by the level of cognition required to meet the competence requirement.

To remember or to reproduce on basis of appropriate, previously learned information. To give meaning to new situations and or new material by recollection and using necessary present information. To give evidence of insight in certain activities. To use previously acquired information in new and concrete situations to solve problems that have single or best answers. To separate information into their component parts, to examine such information to develop divergent conclusions by identifying motives or causes, making inferences, and or finding evidence to support generalizations. To creatively apply prior knowledge and skills to produce a new or original whole. To judge the value of material based on personal values or opinions, resulting in an end product, with a given purpose, without real right or wrong answers.

Level 4: Integration (I)

2.3 Professional behaviour verbs

The lists of verbs in the table below is not exhaustive and should be used as guidance only.
Level of cognition Knowledge (K) Understanding (U) Application (A) Relevant action verbs Choose, Cite, Describe, Distinguish, Find, Give example, Group, Identify, Indicate, Know, Label, List, Listen, Locate, Match, Memorise, Name, Outline, Quote, Read, Recall, Recognise, Record, Recite, Relate, Repeat, Reproduce, Retrieve, Review, Select, Show, Sort, State, Underline, Write Account for, Annotate, Associate, Classify, Compare, Define, Describe, Discuss, Estimate, Exemplify, Explain, Give examples of, Give main idea, Identify, Infer, Interpret, Observe, Outline, Paraphrase, Recognise, Reorganise, Report, Restate, Retell, Research, Review, Summarise, Translate Adapt, Apply, Arrange, Calculate, Carry out, Change, Collect, Compute, Conclude, Construct, Demonstrate, Dramatise, Draw, Exhibit, Execute, Extract, Illustrate, Implement, Include, Instruct, Interpret, Interview, Make, Manipulate, Obtain, Operate, Paint, Practice, Prepare, Sequence, Show, Sketch, Solve, Translate, Use Analyse, Appraise, Argue, Arrange, Assess, Attribute, Calculate, Categorise, Check, Choose, Combine, Compare, Contrast, Criticise, Critique, Debate, Decide, Deconstruct, Deduce, Defend, Design, Detect, Determine, Develop, Diagram, Differentiate, Discriminate, Dissect, Distinguish, Evaluate, Examine, Experiment, Find, Formulate, Group, Hypothesise, Infer, Investigate, Integrate, Interpret, Inspect, Inquire, Judge, Justify, Measure, Monitor, Order, Organise, Outline, Plan, Predict, Prioritise, Probe, Question, Rank, Rate, Recommend, Reject, Relate, Research, Revise, Score, Separate, Select, Sequence, Sift, Structure, Survey, Tell why, Test, Validate, Value

Integration (I)

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Standard for Certification - No. 3.307 October 2008

3. Competence Requirements
3.1 General
Each competence requirement is derived from a task that needs to be performed at some stage in the operation of berthing the vessel. The competence requirement is stated in objective format to clearly define what has to be done to satisfy the requirements of the competence. At the same time it facilitates the derivation of assessment criteria and the assessments to measure individual competencies. Each competence requirement is grouped into 7 distinct func-

tional domains that are further sub-divided into task groups. In total there are 19 task groups and 122 competence requirements. Each competence requirement is allocated a level of cognition that can be used to determine the type of assessment required to measure competence. The competence requirements for this operation require both theoretical knowledge, intellectual and physical skills. Performance needs to be assessed and therefore for each task group a detailed performance competence is demanded.

Table 3-1 Competence requirements Column 1 shows the ID for the competence Column 2 is the defined activity for the competence Column 3 defines the required level of cognition. 1. Plan the Berthing Manoeuvres 1.1 Assess the effects of ship features on planned actions 1.1.1 Review contents of the bridge poster 1.1.2 Identify engine type, power available and response time 1.1.3 Confirm number of engine starts for starting air available 1.1.4 Identify propeller type and rotation 1.1.5 Identify thrusters power settings and their effect 1.1.6 Confirm limitations of thrusters effect with ship speed 1.1.7 Identify rudder type and effect with engine power setting and speed 1.1.8 Recall freeboard for cargo load 1.1.9 Identify pivot point for different speed settings 1.1.10 Confirm stopping distance for different speed/load configurations 1.1.11 Recognise the turning circle for the vessels condition and environmental conditions 1.1.12 Review squat effect with water depth and speed 1.1.13 Review bank effect with channel configuration and speed 1.1.14 Identify the tug push areas on side hull Review the mooring force calculation at equivalent draft considering the correlation between side hull structure and 1.1.15 fender location/shape 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.5.6 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 Recognise the local dock and harbour layout and features Use chart to identify key dock and harbour features Review quay mooring facilities of calling ports Obtain under water clearance of a berth from the terminal authority Be aware of the local harbour rules and regulations Review the environmental requirements Review port regulations regarding speed and dock walls Identify local tug types and capabilities Identify local tugs to be used Assess tug-capabilities against ship characteristics and environmental conditions Take account of local physical environmental features, current, wind, tide and visibility Recall tidal regime for entry Identify locations where current effects can be anticipated Consider draft/depth configuration Establish minimum under keel clearance along the intended route Establish likely wind effects and areas of impact Determine visibility criteria for docking Create a berthing plan Complete the pilot card Appraise the pilots berthing plan Set responsibilities for the bridge team Inform the mooring teams of intended actions Create a berthing plan prior to port entry

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A U A

U U

U I

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DET NORSKE VERITAS

Standard for Certification - No. 3.307 October 2008 Table 3-1 Competence requirements Column 1 shows the ID for the competence Column 2 is the defined activity for the competence Column 3 defines the required level of cognition. 1.7 Prepare a contingency plan 1.7.1 Identify the point of no return 1.7.2 Check incident case analyses 1.7.3 Establish alternative routes 1.7.4 Identify locations where anchors can be used 1.7.5 Identify locations with sufficient swinging room 1.7.6 Confirm damage control routines 1.7.7 Produce a contingency plan prior to port entry 2. Basic Manoeuvring 2.1 Establish slow speed control 2.1.1 Calculate distance from dock or berth to establish slow speed control 2.1.2 Identify slow speed regime for ship 2.1.3 Set rudder angle before kick ahead 2.1.4 Use kick ahead for transverse control 2.1.5 Balance with short periods of modest stern power 2.1.6 Return rudder amidships after stopping engine 2.1.7 Recognise the correlation between speed and wake wash 2.1.8 Anticipate effect of wake wash along the intended route 2.1.9 Adhere to company and local regulations regarding speed in confined waters 2.1.10 Establish slow speed control 2.1.11 Minimise periods of no control 2.1.12 Set allowable quick astern order at berth 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 2.2.9 2.2.10 2.2.11 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 Turn the ship Determine transverse thrust effect for propeller type Determine transverse thrust effect for ship shape and condition Determine transverse thrust effect with different engine power settings Deduce the transverse thrust effect from bow and stern thrusters Plan the swept track of the ship Plan a controlled turn (e.g. radius / constant rpm / standing) Conduct a controlled turn (e.g. radius / constant rpm / standing) Explain how a forward placed accommodation on a vessel with an aft ship of 160 meters influences your actions when making a turn in narrow canals and straits Describe how to position a vessel with a forward placed accommodation and an aft ship of 160 meters, prior to making a turn in narrow canals and straits State the importance of keeping a sharp lookout forward and aft when making a turn in narrow canals and straits, with a vessel with a forward placed accommodation Demonstrate a constant and thorough awareness of the vessels length, both for and aft, while performing a turn in narrow canals and straits, especially on vessels with a forward placed accommodation

U I A U U U I

A U A A A A K A K I I A

I I I I I I I U U K A

Swing the ship Set speed of the ship for the swing Determine when to start the swing Establish control of the swing Decide when to terminate the swing Swing the ship 180 degrees within 1.5 ships length using thrusters, 1 tug forward and 1 tug aft with a 10 m/s (20 knots) 2.3.5 initial beam wind and 2 knots stern current 3. Environmental factors 3.1 Take account of shallow water effect 3.1.1 Anticipate the movement of the ships stern for a given bank profile and take corrective action 3.1.2 Anticipate the movement of the ships bow for a given bank profile and take corrective action 3.1.3 Assess the underwater profile of the channel 3.1.4 Determine the amount of squat for the speed regime and channel configuration 3.1.5 Take account of changes in trim due to squat 3.1.6 Assess the effect of squat on the ships list for the speed regime and channel configuration 3.1.7 Calculate the under-keel clearance 3.1.8 Take account of wedge effect 3.1.9 Estimate the minimum under-keel clearance for the intended route and speed regime

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Standard for Certification - No. 3.307 October 2008

Table 3-1 Competence requirements Column 1 shows the ID for the competence Column 2 is the defined activity for the competence Column 3 defines the required level of cognition. Take account of environmental factors Estimate the wind effect and adjust ships track accordingly Estimate the tidal effect along the intended route and adjust ships track accordingly Estimate the current along the intended route and adjust ships track accordingly Make allowance for wave and swell effects along the intended route Adjust the ships heading and speed to maintain the intended ships track for a 5 m/s (10 knots) beam wind, 2 knot beam 3.2.5 tidal current in both the loaded and light condition 4. Ship-to-ship interactions and ship-to-berth effects 4.1 Interaction with other vessels 4.1.1 Recognise high and low water pressure zones around the ship 4.1.2 Anticipate the movement of the ships stern in a passing manoeuvre and take corrective action 4.1.3 Anticipate the movement of the ships bow in a passing manoeuvre and take corrective action 4.1.4 Assess the interaction effect between 2 moving vessels 4.1.5 Assess the interaction effect between 1 moving and 1 moored ship 4.1.6 Pass a ship in the channel where under-keel clearance is 1.5 metres and lateral clearance is less than the ships beam 4.1.7 Overtake a ship in the channel where under-keel clearance is 1.5 metres and lateral clearance is less than the ships beam Interaction with the berth Determine the approach angle for berthing (and angle for un-berthing), considering the lines of the vessel and protruded 4.2.1 length 4.2.2 Check location and status of berth cranes and other structures Judge, on a container vessel, if the outermost containers are likely to hit the gantry cranes if the ship's side overhangs 4.2.3 the pier while manoeuvring alongside Determine, for a container vessel, if parallel docking or undocking is required to prevent the outermost containers from 4.2.4 overhanging the pier and hitting the gantry cranes 4.2.5 Identify quay fender positions and shape 4.2.6 Determine available fender area, considering the side tangent line of the vessel 4.2.7 Confirm fore and aft distances to other vessels or structures 4.2.8 Minimise lateral approach speed to berth 4.2.9 Anticipate buffer pressure effect between ship and berth 4.2.10 Position the ship relative to the berth 4.2.11 Maintain position until the ship is moored Berth the ship between two moored vessels with 20 metres clearance fore and aft to a quay with solid underwater profile 4.2.12 in a 5 m/s (10 knots) offshore wind 5. Using Tugs 5.1 Determine the use of tugs 5.1.1 Confirm the number, type and capabilities of tugs available 5.1.2 Agree with the pilot on the disposition of tugs 5.1.3 Advise the mooring teams of the tug disposition 5.1.4 Confirm the tugs are ready for the planned manoeuvres 5.1.5 Allocate tugs according to capability, ship characteristics, environmental conditions and port/berth layout 6. Bridge communication 6.1 Setting standards 6.1.1 Establish communication with the pilot 6.1.2 Ensure Pilot and bridge team are able to communicate effectively 6.2 Issuing order and commands 6.2.1 Advise port control of ships progress 6.2.2 Inform the mooring teams of the operational tasks to be performed 6.2.3 Issue instructions to tugs 6.2.4 Issue instructions to the bridge team 6.2.5 Issue the instruction to re-position a tug from pulling on the bow to pushing amidships 7. Management tasks 7.1 Monitor ships position and movement 7.1.1 Determine the ships transverse and longitudinal position relative to the intended track 7.1.2 Monitor pilots engine and wheel commands 7.1.3 Advise the pilot of the stopping distance of the ship 4.2 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4

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Standard for Certification - No. 3.307 October 2008 Table 3-1 Competence requirements Column 1 shows the ID for the competence Column 2 is the defined activity for the competence Column 3 defines the required level of cognition. 7.1.4 Advise the pilot of any unacceptable action 7.1.5 Be prepared to take command of operations 7.1.6 Take command of berthing the ship 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 Monitor ships progress against the berthing plan Compare present progress against the berthing plan Adjust the plan as necessary Amend the berthing plan and re-issue orders

I I I

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4. References
STCW 95 Table A-II/2 Function: Navigation at the management level; Competence; Manoeuvre and handle a ship in all conditions (elements .2 - .8 and .15 and .16 ). STCW 95 Section B-V/a Guidance regarding additional training for masters and chief mates of large ships and ships with unusual manoeuvring characteristics. IMO Model course 7.01 Master and Chief Mate; Competence 1.9 Manoeuvring and Handling a ship in all conditions; performance sections 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 and 1.12. IMO Model course 1.22 Ship simulation and Bridge Team.

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