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4.

1 Changes In The States Of Matter Kinetic Theory of Matter

Made up very fine and discrete particles The higher temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the particles Particlesconstantly move or vibrate

Kinetic theory of matter

Forces of attraction become stronger when the particles are closely together

Constantly collide against one another and the walls of the container

Example: Diffusion process is the movement of particles in matter, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until both areas have the same concentration. The particles of liquid and gas move randomly and collide- Brownian movement Temperature influences the kinetic energy, higher temperature, the higher kinetic energy

Properties of Matter Property of Matter Arrangement of particles Solid Liquid Gas

Movement of particles Forces of attraction between particles Energy content Shape Volume Compression

Changes in the States of Matter

SOLID

GAS

LIQUID

Melting : When a solid is heated, heat energy is absorbed by its particles Particles possess more kinetic energy and vibrate faster At melting point, particles in the solid have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between particles and to move freely The solid melts and changes to become liquid Boiling : When liquid is heated, heat energy is absorbed by its particles The liquid particles have more kinetic energy and move faster At boiling point, the energy possessed enables the particles to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles and they are released as gas Sublimation(Solid-gas) : When a solid is heated, its particles possess more energy and move faster The particles in solid separate from solid lattice and release as gas into the air Freezing : When liquid is cooled, its particles lose energy and are held together by strong forces of attraction between particles This causes the liquid particles not able to move freely and they only vibrate in their positions. The liquid freezes to become solid Condensation : When gas is cooled, its particles lose energy and are held together by forces of attraction between particles This causes the particles to move slowly The distance between gas particles becomes closer. The gas changes to liquid Sublimation (Gas-solid): When gas is cooled, its particles lose energy and are held together by strong forces of attraction between particles This causes the particles to move very slowly The distance between gas particles become closer. The gas changes to solid

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