Errata to the book: V. F. Mukhanov and S.

Winitzki, Introdu tion to quantum elds in gravity (Cambridge University Press, 2007)
by S. Winitzki

Errata to the online draft version

Please note: this draft version dating from 2004 is obsolete and not at all syn hronized with the nal book version! Almost every paragraph was rewritten in
the nal published version; some material was deleted, new substantial material
was added, and mistakes were orre ted.
On page 121, the statement is made erroneously that an observer remaining at a onstant value of the Kruskal oordinate

moves with zero proper

a eleration. In fa t the proper a eleration of su h observers is nonzero.

Errata to the published version

On page 252, the formula involving an integral over

an integral over

dpf

should instead involve

dp0 .

On page 253, the text says that the boundary terms in the integral were
omitted.
fa tor

However, these terms annot be omitted; they yield an additional

f (qf )/f (q0 )

in front of the expression for the propagator K.

In Part 2 of the solution to Exer ise 5.1, we negle ted to symmetrize the
fun tional derivative with respe t to the Christoel symbol.

This makes the

solution in omplete. A orre ted solution for this part of the exer ise an be
found here:
[Part 2 of the solution of Exer ise 5.1 should be as follows.

2. To ompute S/ , we rewrite the a tion as an integral of

some fun tion.

times

This requires some reshuing of indi es and integrations by

parts. For example,

Z

gd4 x g , = d4 x
gg , ,
Z
Z

4

gd x g , = d4 x ( gg ), .

The fun tional derivatives of these terms with respe t to

an be read o

from these integrals. The terms bilinear in need to be rewritten twi e, with
at the rst pla e or at the se ond pla e:

= = ,
= = .
One needs to take are that

is assumed to be symmetri in the indi es , .

from

For this reason, the fun tional derivatives are omputed by omitting

the above expressions and by symmetrizing in

Z

, :

1
gg + gg , ,
2

Z



1 1

gg
d
x
=
gg

2 2



1 1

= g g + g + g ,
2
2

 Z



1
gg +
gg d4 x =

2


1
gg +

2
= g ( g + g ) .

d4 x ( gg ),

Therefore the equation of motion for

0=

is

1
S
gg , +
gg + gg ,
=

2





1
g.
+ g + g + g g
2

It is now onvenient to onvert the upper indi es

multiplying both parts by

above into

derivatives of

).
g

into lower indi es

by

g g

(before doing this, we rename the mute index

The derivatives of
g and of g are expressed through

as

g =
The ommon fa tor

for :

g
g g, ;
2

g = g g g, .

is an eled. We then obtain the following equation

1
(g g + g g ) g g

g + g
2
1
1
= g g g, g, + (g g, g g, + 2g g, + 2g g, ) g .
2
4
This is a ompli ated (although linear) equation that needs to be solved for

One way is to separate the terms on both sides by their index symmetry and

by their dependen e on
we lower the index

in

g .

To make the symmetry in the indi es easier to use,

to obtain the auxiliary quantity

g .

dened by

This quantity is symmetri in

, .

Then we nd the equation for

1
g g + g (g + g ) ( + )
2
1
1

= g g g, g, + (g g, g g, + 2g g, + 2g g, ) g .
2
4
(1)
In order to solve this equation, we need to use the symmetry properties of
. We note that Eq. (1) ontains ontra tions of the form g as well as
g . Therefore, we de ompose into parts that have zero ontra tions,

and into parts proportional to g

, as follows.
(1)
First, we separate the diagonal part by dening the auxiliary quantity
by

1
g .
4
(1)
By onstru tion we then have g
= 0, while (1) has the same symmetries
as . Then we separate terms proportional to g , taking into a ount the
symmetry and preserving the tra e-free property with respe t to , : so we
(1)

A g ,

dene

(2)

(1)



1
g B + g B g B ,
2

2 (1)
g .
9

2
With this denition (and with the oe ient 9 ), we have the desired properties
(2)

g = 0,

(2)

g = 0,

(2)

(2)

= .

Thus we have de omposed into some multiplies of

(2) with the same symmetry as :

and a tra e-free quantity



1
(2)
= g A + g B + g B g B + .
2
Note that this de omposition is unique: the quantities
uniquely determined by

(2)

, A ,

and

are

Now we de ompose both sides of Eq. (1) in the same way.

Sin e the de-

omposition is unique, the individual terms of the de omposition must mat h

separately. In parti ular, let us onsider the the tra e-free part of both sides.
They must be equal:

(2)

(2)

+ = g, (...),

where the omitted terms ontain various multiples of

omposing

g, .

that result from de-

This tensorial equation is mu h simpler than Eq. (1) and an

, , . Spe i ally, we add two

(, , ) and (, , ), and then subtra t the
(, , ). The result is

be solved if we y li ally permute the indi es

opies of this equation with indi es
same equation with indi es

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

+ + +
(2)

= 2 = g, + g, g, (...) .
3

This an be rewritten as

(...) =

1
(g, + g, g, ) (...) ,
2

where the omitted terms are those resulting from the de omposition of
1
in the left-hand side and from
2 (g, + g, g, ) in the right-hand side.
1
Thus we on lude that the tra e-free parts of and of 2 (g, + g, g, )
are equal. We an therefore write

=
where



1
1
(g, + g, g, ) + g C + g E + g E g E ,
2
2
and

are still unknown and remain to be determined.

In order to determine these quantities, we need to substitute the above ansatz

into Eq. (1) and to sele t the tra e parts of that equation. We nd that the
extra terms are all zero. In other words, it follows that

1
(g, + g, g, ) ,
2

whi h is equivalent to Eq. (5.18).

(2)