Alfred Bernhard Nobel, born in 1833, the man behind the Nobel Prize.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel, born in 1833, the man behind the Nobel Prize.

"If I Have 300 Ideas in a Year and Just One Turns Out to Work I Am Satisfied" Languages: Spoke 5 languages fluently at the age of 17. Professions: Swedish chemist, inventor of dynamite, engineer, armaments manufacturer, business man. Fortune: In his will he left 31 million SEK (today about 265 million dollar) to fund the prizes.

Women Laureates of the Nobel Peace Prize

'Women will lead the world toward peace'

2011 Nobel Peace Laureates

Since its inception in 1901, the singular and highest honor conferred on men and women (and organizations) in all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements was to become a Nobel Prize Laureate, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and for work in peace. In 1968, economic sciences were added to categories of prizes on the list of fields. In the now 111-year history of the Nobel Prize Awards, 43 women have been awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2011, 15 of them the Peace Prize; 12 in Literature; 10 in Physiology or Medicine; 4 in Chemistry; 2 in Physics, 1 in Economic Sciences.

In this article, the writer has examined the gender differences in the awards of the Nobel Prize and has highlighted in depth women who, owing to their outstanding work and contribution in science and economics, literature and fostering peace, have been awarded the Nobel Prize in the various categories below.

Women are known to play an effective role in human rights, promoting peace, protecting the environment and the indigenous rights of peoples. We will highlight for readers the 15 women who have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize since its inception.

About the Nobel Prizes The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1968, the Central Bank of Sweden established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. Each prize consists of a medal, personal diploma, and a cash award. Between 1901 and 2011, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 549 times to 830 Laureates. A small number of individuals and organizations has been honoured more than once, which means that 826 individuals and 20 unique organizations have received the Nobel Prize in total. Some 69 of these were Laureates in Economic Sciences and 23 were organizations. The Man behind the Nobel Prize

Alfred Nobel, scientist, inventor, entrepreneur, author and pacifist is the Man
Behind the Nobel Prize, who, in 1895, in his last will, left much of his wealth to establishing the Prize.

Nobel Prize Categories

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine/Physiology, Literature, for work in Peace, and since
1969 ,

Economics

Most of the recipients in the awards 111-year history have been men. A
small number of men and women were honored more than once. Years when the Nobel Prize have not been awarded Since the start in 1901, there are some years when the Nobel Prizes have not been awarded, mostly during World Wars I (1914-1918) and II (19391945). First Women Laureates of the Nobel Prize in all categories Since its inception, women from across the globe have become Nobel Prize Laureates in the six categories above, e.g. from Australia, Austria, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Israel, Sweden, South Africa, United States of America, etc... The first woman laureate in Physics was Marie Curie (1903); Chemistry, Irene Joliot- Curie (Marie Curies daughter) (1911); Medicine/Physiology, Gerti Corl (1947); Literature, Selma Lagerlof (1909); Peace, Bertha von Suttner (1905); Economic Sciences, Elinor Ostrom (2009). Nobel Prizes awarded Women Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, along with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel. Her daughter won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and was the only mother-daughter pair to win Nobel Prizes thus far. Fifteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, twelve - the Nobel Prize in Literature, ten - the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, four - the Nobel

Prize in Chemistry, two- the Nobel Prize in Physics and one woman has won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The most Nobel Prizes awarded to women in a single year was in 2009, when five women became laureates (Economics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine (2), Literature) Source: http://bit.ly/xhFbUc Women Laureates of the Nobel Peace Price There are about 95 Peace Prize Laureates beginning in 1901 (except for the periods during World Wars I and II), of which 15 are women. The first woman laureate of the Peace Prize in 1905 was * Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, ne Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau Prague, Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic), Author of Lay Down Your Arms, Honorary President of Permanent International Peace Bureau, Berne, Switzerland, Peace movement *1931 Jane Addams (USA), Peace movement *1976/1977 Mairead Corrigan (Ireland) Founder of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People); and Betty Williams, (Ireland) Co-founder - they resided in the United Kingdom at the time of the award *1979 Mother Teresa, (USA) Leader of Missionaries of Charity, Calcutta for Humanitarian work *1982, Alva Myrdal (Sweden), Writer, Diplomat, former Cabinet Minister Field of Arms control and disarmament *1991,Burmese Politician Aung Sung Suu Kyi, while a political prisoner under house arrest in Burma. She has been released since November 2010. *1992, Rigoberta Mench Tum (Guatemala) "in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples", the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Guatemalan human rights activist,.

*1997 Jody Williams (USA) "for their work for the banning and clearing of

anti-personnel mines" ; Arms control and disarmament, peace movement *2003, Shirin Ebadi of Iran, "for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children." * 2004 saw the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Professor Wangari Muta Maathai (Kenya) "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace" Field:Humanitarian work *The year 2011, heralded the death of Prof. Maathai, and the year that the Peace Prize was awarded to three women as a group, twofrom Africa and

and one from the Arab world, for nonviolence in promoting peace, democracy and gender equality: President Ellen Sirleaf Johnson (Liberia); Ms Leymah Gbowee (Liberian Peace Activitist);
Ms Tawakkol Karman (Yemen, pro-democracy campaigner). In conclusion, the Nobel Prize and Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to women 40 times between 1901 and 2011. Only one woman, Marie Curie, has been honoured twice, with the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This means that 43 women in total have been awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2011, 15 of them the Peace Prize; 12 in Literature; 10 in Physiology or Medicine; 4 in Chemistry; 2 in Physics, 1 in Economics. NB - As regards the Caribbean and the West Indies, no woman has received a Nobel Prize as yet. Four Laureates in this region are 1960 - Saint-John Perse - Literature "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time". 1979 - Sir Arthur Lewis -Economic Sciences, was awarded jointly to Theodore W. Schultz and Sir Arthur Lewis"for their pioneering research into

economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries" 1992 - Derek Walcott - Literature "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment". 2001 -Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul -Literature "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories". Muriel Glasgow, February 2011, Source: http://www.nobelprize.org/