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Fabrication of Steel
Budinski Chapter 12
Study Unit 1
Science of Materials
MTK 3A11
metal
production
An understanding of how
steel is made
commercially available
An understanding of steel terminology and steel
specification procedures
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12 2
heat
heat
SA mineral production
The worlds
*Chromium
Corrosion and oxidation resistance Mild hardenability agent Improves wear resistance Promotes the retention of useful strength levels at elevated temperatures Chromium is an irreplaceable constituent in all stainless steels
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Cr
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12
*Manganese
Desulfuriser and deoxidiser Flat rolled carbon and HSLA steels contain up to 2% Mn for microstructural refinement Manganese may be substituted for part of the nickel content in austenitic SS
Mg
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12
* Vanadium
Approximately 80% of vanadium produced is used as ferrovanadium or as a steel additive - specialty stainless steel, e.g. for use in surgical instruments and tools - rust resistant and high speed tool steels - mixed with aluminium in titanium alloys used in jet engines and high-speed airframes
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Va
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12
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Steelmaking
Iron ore, coke & limestone Blast furnace & oxygen Molten iron Refine Solidify & form
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12 15
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Iron ore
Alloy of Fe & C Iron ore Coke Sinter
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Blast furnace
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Gas that exits from the top of the furnace goes through a cleaning process
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12 24
Blast furnace
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More C brittle
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Steel refining
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Cr
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12
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Cr
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Secondary Steelmaking
Speciality steels alter chemical composition reduce non-metallic inclusions Vacuum degassing Ladle stirring injection Ladle furnace heating
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12 34
Cr
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Continuous casting
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Continuous casting
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Standard shapes
W-Shape
S-Shape
T-Shape
Rail
C-Shape
L-Shape
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Hot rolling
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Cold rolling
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On your own
Steel terminology
Familiarise yourself with the terms used to describe mill processing operations
Steel specifications
Regardless of the identification system used, essential items need to be addressed in purchasing a steel. Discuss these characteristics
MTK 3A 11 Steelmaking Ch12 46
Next
Phase diagrams
Study unit 2
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