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CHAPTER TITLE ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 1.2 NEED OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1.3 OBJECTIVE LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2.3 DATA COLLECTION 2.4 CASE TOOLS 2.5 IMPORTANCE OF CASE TOOLS 2.6 RATIONAL ROSE 2.7 SMART DRAW SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION 3.1.2 EXISTING SYSTEM 3.1.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM 3.2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 3.2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS 3.2. 2HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 3.2.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 3.3 EFFORT ESTIMATION 3.4 PROBLEM BASED ESTIMATION 3.5 PROJECT MODULES 3.6 TECHNOLOGY USED SYSTEM DESIGN 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN MODEL 4.2 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 4.3 INTERFACE DESIGN 4.4 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS 4.4.1 USE CASES AND USE CASE DIAGRAM 4.4.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 4.4.3 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 4.4.4 CLASS DIAGRAM CODING AND IMPLEMENTATION 5.1 CODING 5.2 IMPLEMENTATION TESTING 6.1 INTRODUCTION PAGE i ii 1
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19
5 6
34 45
7 8
6.2 TEST PLAN 6.3 UNIT TEST 6.4 INTEGRATION TEST 6.5 VALIDATION TEST 6.6 SYSTEM TEST CONCLUSION FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
47 48
49 50 55 61
CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION Software Engineering is the systematic approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software. Software Engineering is concerned with development and maintenance of software products. The project has been proposed and developed for the up gradation of student administration system in our college. The new system is proposed to program for better flexible report generating feature that could made use of as and when required and does the top management needs. The new proposed system also provide admission for the new student. Further, it is more economical since, it avoids considerable human errors and also the amount of the existing system errors. 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT The aim of this project is to maintain a Computerized Automated system for Admission, admission will contain the details about the newly registered student of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College. It will include the complete
information
of
the
student
like
personal
details,education
qualification,
other activities. The project is developed by using front-end Visual Basic .NET with various user controls and tools. Visual Basic .NET windows applications are event-driven. The back-end Microsoft Access 2007 is used to store and retrieve the information from the database. Access allows to manage information in one database and stores data in its own format. The various reports are generated by using the data in the database. The proposed project also provide the change of course for the centac students in the second and third counseling and it will be updated in the database.
1.3 NEED OF THE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING The need for Software Engineering is concerned with development and maintenance of software products. Software Engineering is the systematic approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software. The necessity for software engineering is to understand the problems and the solutions to that problem have led to the creation of software engineering. These problems were referred to as "The software Crisis". The situation might also been called "The Complexity Barrier" for the primary cause of the problems. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) defines software engineering as the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. A good summary of software engineering can be found. Software systems are some of the most complicated things humans have ever created. To design and build them, one needs to follow processes and procedures typical of other engineering disciplines. First, the requirements need to be carefully defined. Then the architecture of the software system needs to be developed.
Once the requirements and architecture are defined, one can begin code development. The code then needs verification, validation, and testing.
The times required to write programs and their costs began to exceed to all estimates. It was not unusual for systems to cost more than twice what had been estimated and to take weeks, months or years longer than expected to complete. The systems turned over to the client frequently did not work correctly because the money or time had run out before the programs could be made to work as originally intended. The program was so complex that every attempt to fix a problem produced more problems than it fixed.
The quality of programs also became a big concern. As computers and their programs were used for more vital tasks, like monitoring life support equipment, program quality took on new meaning. Since we had increased our dependency on computers and in many cases could no longer get along without them, we discovered how important it is that they work correctly. Making a change within a complex program turned out to be very expensive. Often even to get the program to do something slightly different was so hard that it was easier to throw out the old program and start over. This, of course, was costly. Part of the evolution in the software engineering approach was learning to develop systems that are built well enough the first time so that simple changes can be made easily.
1.4 OBJECTIVE
The main objective of the Student Administration System to provide a proper registration system to the new Student. To maintain all the accounts of the student about from the beginning to end of their study. Efficiently manage the student infomation like personal details, education qualification and other activities. To provide the enrollment number for the newly registered student in the institute.and it will help to provide the unique UID and an ID card for the newly registed student .
With minor exceptions, this survey contains only quick-answer, multiple-choice responses. We estimate that you should be able to complete the survey in approximately 30 minutes. 2.2 Literature Survey Research theory proposal The research theory proposal should provide an overview of the students thesis research project, and should contain a strong literature review, working hypotheses for the theory project, experimental designs and proposed statistical analyses. Research theory The thesis itself should thoroughly but concisely summarize the research project, and should make an effort to contribute to the areas of research of the mentors laboratory. It should include all of the sections found in a standard APA format manuscript (or acceptable format of a peer-review journal to which the work is being submitted). Although publication of the work is not required, a document of quality that is acceptable for submission to a peer-reviewed journal is strongly encouraged. Timeline and forms for thesis completion The approval of the these data by the committee, all members of the committee must sign the committee approval form. This form should be submitted together with a final version of the thesis is no later than one week after the last day of finals the semester in which the student plans to graduate. 2.4 CASE TOOLS The acronym CASE stands for Computer-Aided Software Engineering. It covers a wide range of different types of program which are used to support software process activities such as requirements analysis, system modelling, debugging and testing. All methods now come with associated CASE technology such as editors for the notations used in the method, analysis modules which check the system model according to the method rules and report generators to help create system documentation. The CASE tools may also include a code generator which automatically generates source code from the system model and some process guidance which gives advice
to the software engineer on what to do next. This type of CASE tool, aimed at supporting analysis and design, is sometimes called an upper-CASE tool because it supports early phases of the software process. By contrast, CASE tools which are designed to support implementation and testing such as debuggers, program analysis systems, test case generators and program editors are sometimes called lower-CASE tools.
2.5 IMPORTANCE OF CASE TOOLS Computer Assisted Software Engineering is an application that is directed towards the enhancement of any computing machine. The process is a quality driven step towards improvisation of design and installation features for software development. Whenever a new system is installed, the implementation integrates a number of related and different tasks. The process has to be efficiently organized and it is for this very reason that CASE tools are developed. With the help of CASE, the installation process can be automated and coordinated within the developed and adopted system life cycle. CASE tools are largely marketed and understood as: 1. Investigation, analysis and design, or Front-End CASE 2. Implementation and installation, or Back-End CASE CASE tools are developed for the following reasons:
Increase the speed during system development. Quicker installation. Enhanced analysis and design development. Reduced coding and testing time. Efficient transfer of information between tools. Optimum use of available information.
Create and manipulate documentation. Enrich graphical techniques and data flow. The implementation makes it possible to access data dictionaries and specialist
packages. With enhanced features, it is possible to edit and update multiple design versions to add quality to the adopted version. The timely use of the powerful development tools to complete and upgrade cycle documents helps a great deal in error checks and test case generation. CASE tools have progressed from applications that aid documentation analysis on the computer to intelligent user interfaces that are reusable. The decrease in the cost factor related to dedicated hardware has been counterbalanced with a subsequent increase in the cost of software. The labor intensive software needs to be consistently developed for optimum use. The slightest error can result in a costly consequence for the business or private user. CASE tools resolve issues related to development and maintenance of the adopted application. They not only alter the time frame for each phase, but also help to spread out the cost factor involved. The tools are largely invested in by dedicated software engineers for better analysis and design. It is very important when selecting a CASE tool to look for the following qualitative features:
Easy-to-understand CASE tool specifications. Proper allocation of time and resources possible within the development environment guaranteed. Co-ordination between the tool specifics and requirements of the organizational infrastructure. Guaranteed level of upgradation of information technology within departments. Compatibility between personalities implementing the tools and their relative expertise.
CASE tools are designed to enhance and upgrade the computing system adopted and used. This is very important with regards to the dependence on a computer-based environment for business and/or personal pursuits. It is an important part of various business growth strategies. OVERVIEW OF CASE TOOLS CASE tool is the software that support system development or facilitate in system development.It has an ability in building various kinds of document during analysis and design the system.For the example such as building the UML diagram,the screen interface (Graphical User Interface),form and report etc...
Formerly CASE tool was separated into two groups as follow... 1.Upper CASE tool The software that used in the step of analysis and design the system.This CASE tool make various diagram such as DFD (Data flow diagram) . DFD is used for design the component of the system such as the input of system , the mechanism of system , the result of the system etc.Other diagrams such as ER diagram (Entity-relationship diagram),layout. The example of CASE tool in this group are ERwin and Visual UML. 2.Lower CASE tool The software that can build the source code or program automatically from condition or determinate procedure such as we can write the program for manage the vacation of our employee from the specific workflow or we can write the database structure command by select from the menu.The example of CASE tool in the group are Ecore Diagram Editor and dzine.
3.Integrated CASE tool The software that fulfill the usability from system analysis,system design to the system implementation (writing the source code) and system testing.It is the software that combine Upper CASE tool and Lower CASE tool into one software.The example of CASE tool in this group isRational Rose from IBM. ADVANTAGES OF CASE TOOL CASE tools are software packages, which allows software engineers to develop systems faster. Use of CASE tools result in better documentation of systems Help standardization of notations and diagrams Help communication between development team members Enhance reuse of models or models components CASE tools also assist in correctly assessing the effects and cost of changes requested by users during system development and maintenance. 2.6 RATIONAL ROSE Rational Rose is a commercial case-tool software. It supports two essential elements of modern software engineering: component based development and controlled iterative development. Models created with Rose can be visualized with several UML diagrams. Rose also supports Round-Trip engineering with several languages. ADVANTAGES OF RATIONAL ROSE Rational Rose is a commercial case-tool software design tool. It incorporates two main elements of modern software engineering: component-based development and controlled iterative development. It facilitates object-oriented analysis and design by allowing users (analysts, engineers, writers and project managers) to create, view, manipulate and modify elements in a Unified Modeling Language (UML) throughout the
entire business, using one tool and language. With its many advantages, it is quickly becoming one of the top tools in the industry. FEATURES OF RATIONAL ROSE Rational Rose Data Modeler is a visual modeling tool that makes it possible for database designers, analysts, architects, developers and anyone else on your development team to work together, capturing and sharing business requirements, and tracking them as they change throughout the process. It provides the realization of the ER methodology using UML notation to bring database designers together with the software development team. With UML, the database designer can capture information like constraints, triggers and indexes directly on the diagram rather than representing them with hidden properties behind the scenes. Rational Rose Data Modeler gives you the freedom to transfer between object and data models and take advantage of basic transformation types such as many-to-many relationships. This tool provides an intuitive way to visualize the architecture of the database and how it ties into the application.
BENEFITS OF RATIONAL ROSE Build software architecture that supports change with a common platform
that facilitates easy roundtrip engineering and synchronization of models and code. Accelerate implementation and facilitate maintenance of a successful service-oriented architecture (SOA) solution, such as a web service, with powerful tools and process guidance. SMARTDRAW SmartDraw is a visual processor used to create flowcharts, organization charts, mind maps, project charts, and other visuals. SmartDraw is built exclusively for Windows operating systems and works with Windows 7, Vista, XP, and 2000. It uses
Microsofts Fluent User Interface in conjunction with automated panels specific to each type of diagram. The latest stable release of SmartDraw is SmartDraw VP. It integrates with Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Microsoft Project; it can export diagrams to common image formats and PDF format. File Format The following file extensions are specific to SmartDraw:
.SDR SmartDraw Documents, a binary file format used for saving SmartDraw documents. .SDT Smart/Draw Templates, a binary file format used for saving SmartDraw reusable document templates. .SDL SmartDraw Libraries, a binary file format used for saving symbol libraries in SmartDraw. .SCZ - "SmartDraw Collections," a binary file format used for saving SmartDraw collections.
presentation of the results in a comparative framework so that the decision maker can make an informed choice from among the alternatives.
3.1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION The problem to provide the automated system for managing the activities of the Student Admission. To maintain the student details in a secure manner. It provide fast access , retrieval of data will be easier and gives flexible environment to the end user. It provide various reports according to the user requirements. 3.1.2 EXISTING SYSTEM In the existing system the administrator has to maintain manual register or an automated register through computer. But that system will not fulfill task without the administrator involvement. For an each and every student the administrator has to provide the new registration form.
Drawbacks of Existing System In present, all work is done in by system but bulk of files which is hard to operate and hard to maintain the reports of the student presently, took admission in institute. Need man power The administrator have to enter the enrollment number for each student. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized. 3.1.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM: In our proposed system we store all the information in the database, each and every students have a unique ID, using that ID we can easily find the details of the student. It tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent and help the
user to reduce the workload. The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he/she can easily do his/her work in a well manner. Advantages of Proposed System It increase the performance. Minimize the manual data entry. User friendly and GUI based Fully Automated. High Security.
3.2 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS Requirements analysis, also called requirements engineering, is the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified product. The requirements, must be quantifiable, relevant and detailed. In software engineering, such requirements are often called functional specifications. Requirements analysis is an important aspect of project management.
3.2.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
The System Requirements Specification (SRS) document describes all data, functional and behavioral requirements of the software under production or development.
The environmental resource includes the hardware and the software specifications. This project needs Visual Studio 2008 tool with Visual basic .Net language and Microsoft Access 2007..
3.2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Processor RAM Hard disk Monitor Mouse Keyboard : : : : : : Pentium III/IV 256 MB 40 GB 14 inch Optical Mouse Standard Keyboard
: : : : :
Windows XP Visual Basic.NET .NET MS Access 2007 Rational Rose Enterprise Edition
3.3 EFFORT ESTIMATION Software cost and effort estimation will never be an exact science. Too many variables human, technical, environmental, political can affect the ultimate cost of software and effort applied to develop it. However, software project estimation can be transformed from a black art to a series of systematic steps that provide estimates with acceptable risk. To achieve reliable cost and effort estimates, a number of options arise:
Delay estimation until late in the project (obviously, we can achieve 100% accurate estimates after the project is complete!). Base estimates on similar projects that have already been completed. Use relatively simple decomposition techniques to generate project cost and effort estimates. Use one or more empirical models for software cost and effort estimation.
3.4 PROBLEM BASED ESTIMATION LOC and FP data are used in two ways during software project estimation: as an estimation variable to size each element of the software and as baseline metrics collected from past projects and used in conjunction with estimation variables to develop cost and effort projections. The expected value for the estimation variable(size), S, can be computed as a weighted average of the optimistic (Sopt ), most likely (Sm) and pessimistic (Spessi) estimates. For example, S=( Sopt + Sm + Spessi ) / 6
LOC BASED ESTIMATION Function Maintaining admission Details Maintaining fees Details Maintaining the change and modify data Maintaining due amount and total amount Details Displaying Reports Estimated LOC 65 65 50 60 60
300
FP BASED ESTIMATION Information domain value Number of inputs Number of outputs Number of inquiries Number of files Number of external interfaces Count total Est. count 10 15 22 4 2 FP count 60 70 80 40 15 265
Opt. 10 10 16 4 2
likely 15 15 22 4 2
Pess. 20 20 28 5 3
weight 4 5 5 10 7
students details and upload in our data base . Then the entrence test will be contucted to test wheather the student is eligible for the particular course. On the time of counselling , according to the mark of the candidate we should check wheather they have vaccant on particular college or not.If they have vaccant in that college means they should be admitted in that college and the student should receive the offer letter for the course.Then the college will issue the application form.The candidate should fill the application form and apply for the particular course.Then the student details will be uploaded in the database. At the time of submission of admission form enrollment no. is assigned to the candidate by the institute.With the help of UID an ID card for the student is issued. FEES STRUCTURE This module maintain the complete track of the fees paid by the student.The student will pay the fees according to their course and the student can pay the there fees through cash,dd.For dd there have to specify the following : D.D No,D.D Date,Bank Name,Place. As soon as we receive the fees we should store the fees amount in database. if they made the payment in online means tat will be automatically credited in our database.
REPORTS The different reports are : Collection Report, Payment Report, Due Report, Miscellaneous Report.
Collection Report
The collection report will contain the complete information of the fees paid by the student of all the departments in a particular day.
Payment Report
The Payment Report will contain the information about the semester fees paid by the student. And also it can be viewed in department wise
Due Report
The due report will contain the information the student who where not paid the semester fees .And also it can be viwed in department wise.
Miscellaneous Report
The Miscellaneous report will contain the information about all the fees amount paid by a student in a particular semester. 3.6 TECHNOLOGY USED Visual Basic.NET is the most recent generation of Visual Basic.Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be viewed as an evolution of the classic Visual Basic (VB) which is implemented on the .NET Framework. Microsoft currently supplies two major implementations of Visual Basic: Microsoft Visual Studio, which is commercial software and Microsoft Visual Studio Express.
The design model is based on the analysis and architectural requirements of the system.It represents the application components and determines their appropriate placement and use within the overall architecture. SPIRAL MODEL The spiral model is an evolutionary software process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential model. In the spiral model, software is developed in a series of incremental releases. Our project is based on the spiral model in which the changes can be made in any modules at any point of time. The administrator allows multiple student to register data at Same time. This changes are updated and store in the database. 4.2 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN Architectural Design represents the structure of data and program components that are required to build a computer-based system. It consider the architectural style that the system will take, the structure and the properties of the components that constitute the system, and inter-relationships that occur among all architectural complete system. The architectural design is the base of the software, which gives the overall view of the project.
This model is derived from three sources: Information about the application domain for the project to be built. Specific analysis model element and their relationships for the project. The availability of architectural patterns and styles.
Requirements Application fees For course For each semester Cash Amount Receipts Application
Fees Amount
Administrator
Database
4.3 INTERFACE DESIGN The interface design elements for software tell how information flows into and out of the system and how it is communicated among the components defined as part of the architecture. Interface design creates an effective communication medium between a human and a computer. Following a set of interface design principles, design identities
interface objects and action and then crate a screen layout that forms the basis for a user interface prototype. Interface design focuses on three areas of concept: and also The design of interface between software components. The design of interface between the software and other non human producers and consumers of information. The design of interface between the user and the computer. enable internal communicate between the components. These interface design element allow the software to communicate externally STUDENT ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM is developed with the support of the User Interface designs which facilitates the working of the project. It also describes the various internal interface developed to integrate the modules. 4.4 DATA DESIGN Data design creates a model of data and information that is represented a high level of abstraction. The structure of data has always been an important part of software design at the program component level, the design of data structure and the associated algorithms required to manipulate them is essential to the creations of high quality. At the application level, the translation of the data model in to a database is pivotal to achieve in the business objectives of the system. In the program component level, the design of data structure and algorithms are manipulated .At the application level, the data model is translated into a database and at the business level, the collection of information in the database are reorganized into data warehouse.
4.5 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) is made to develop a series of solution models that describes computer software, which works to satisfy the users. It generates models of the problem domain classes like the Use case, Sequential, Activity and Class diagram that
are present in the system. The purpose of this is to identify the classes and objects that form the vocabulary of the problem domain and to provide an understanding about the system between the developers and the people establishing the requirements.
4.5.1 USE CASES AND USE CASE DIAGRAM A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of behavioral diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is to present a graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of actors, their goals (represented as use cases), and any dependencies between those use cases. The main purpose of a use case diagram is to show what system functions are performed for which actor. Roles of the actors in the system can be depicted. Fig.: 4.1 Use Case Diagram for Admission The Figure 4.1 shows the use case diagram for admission clearly shows the responsibilities of the student in this project. The student have to submit the complete information about him/her during the admission. The management student can select the course directly. Then the Entrence Exam will be conducted to test wheather the student is eligible for the particular course.For centac the student can select the course through counseling and if needed there can change the course in the second/third counseling and the student is registered in the college.And the information of the student are stored in the database.
student
course
centac
management
per year
per semester
administrator
Feesamount
Registered
Fig.: 4.2 Use Case Diagram for Fees Structure The Figure 4.2 shows the use case diagram for fees clearly shows the responsibilities of the student in this project during the fees payment.student have to pay the fees according to there course and the type of admission wheather centac/management if the student is centac have to pay the fees per year and if the student is management have to pay the fees for each semester.and the fees paid by the student are stored in the database.
student
admission
fees
centac
management
per semester
fees
Entrance exam
registered
administrator
Fig.: 4.3 overall use case diagram for student administration system The Figure 4.3 shows the overall use case diagram for th project and clearly shows the responsibilities of the newly registered student for admission.
4.5.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM A sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a kind of interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. A Sequence diagram depicts the sequence of actions that occur in a system. The invocation of methods in each object, and the order in which the invocation occurs is captured in a Sequence diagram. A sequence diagram shows, as parallel vertical lines, different processes or objects that live simultaneously, and, as horizontal arrows, the messages exchanged between them, in the order in which they occur. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams, event scenarios, and timing diagrams.
s tudent student information E ligibility centac M anagem ent Cours e select E xam Registered
Regis ter
s elect course
Fig.: 4.4 Sequence Diagram for Admission The Figure 4.4 shows the sequence diagram for admission shows that what are the sequences the module and what are all the works of the student during the admission.if the student is eligible for stding the particular course is checked and then the student can select the type of admission wheather centac/management and select the course and the student is registered and the details of the student are stored in the database.
s tudent
c ours e
fees
P ery ear
pers em pay
A m ount
R egis tered
Fig.: 4.5 Sequence Diagram for Fees Structure The Figure 4.5 shows the sequence diagram for the fees .The student have to pay the fees for the course.if the student is centac there have to pay the fees for each year and the studend is management there have to pay the fees for each semester and the fees amount paid by the student are stored in the database.
s tu d e n t
c e n ta c
M a n a g e m e c o u rs e nt s e le c tio n s e le c t c o u rs e
Exam
R e g is te r e d
fe e s
p e ry e a r
p e rs e m
Am ount
re g is te re d
pay
unpay
v a lid a te d a t a
in v a lid d a ta
Fig .:4.6 overall sequence diagram for student administration system The figure 4.6 shows the overall sequence diagram for the project and clearly shows the responsibilities of the newly registered student for admission.
4.5.5 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM An activity organizes and specifies the participation of subordinate behaviors, such as sub-activities or action, to reflect the control and data flow of a process. Activities are used for various modeling purpose, from procedural-type application development for system design, to business process modeling of organizational structures or workflow. Activity diagrams are used to model the behaviors of a system, and the way in which these behaviors are related in an overall flow of the system. The logical paths a process follows, based on various conditions, concurrent processing, data access, interruptions and other logical path distinctions, are all used to construct a process, system or procedure. Some of the elements of activity diagrams are Activity:An activity organizes and specifies the participation of subordinates behaviors, such as sub-activities or action, to reflect the control and data flow of a process. Initial node: The initial element is used by the Activity and State Machine diagrams. In Activity diagrams, it defines the start of a flow when an activity is invoked. Final node:There are two nodes to define a final state in an activity. The final element indicates the completion of an activity upon reaching the final, all execution in the activity diagram is aborted. The other type of final node, flow final, depicts an exit from the system but has no effect on other executing flows in the activity. Decision points: A decision is an element of an Activity diagram that indicates a point of conditional progression: if a condition is true, then processing continues one way, if not, then another.This can also be used as a merge node in that multiple alternate flows can be merged (but not synchronized) to form one flow.
... Student
admission
management
centac
Selection of course
examination
valid
Registered
admitted
Fig.:4.7 Activity diagram for admission The above figure 4.7 shows the activity and state of the student admission. The process carried out by the system and the users are shows here.
registered
Stop
Fig.:4.8 Activity diagram for Fees structure The above figure 4.8 shows the activity and state of the fees payment. The process carried out by the system and the users are shows here.
Fig.:4.9 overall Activity diagram for student administration system The above figure 4.9 shows the activity and state of the student admission and fees payment.The process carried out by the system and the users are shows here.
4.5.4 CLASS DIAGARAM The class diagram captures the logical structure of the system-the classes and things that make up the model. It is a static model, describing what exists and what attributes and behavior it has, rather than how something is done. Class diagrams are most useful to illustrate relationships between classes and interfaces. Generations, aggregations, and association are all valuable in reflecting inheritance, composition or usage, and connections, respectively. login username password login()
admission enrollment number name course personal details education qualification type of admission admin()
fees enrollment number name course type of admission amount due amount fees()
The above figure 4.10 shows the the attributes and operations in the student administration system
Form1.Show() End Sub Private Sub ChangeOfCourseToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ChangeOfCourseToolStripMenuItem.Click Form2.Show() End Sub Private Sub AdmissionFessToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles AdmissionFessToolStripMenuItem.Click Form4.show() End Sub Private Sub SemesterFeesToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles SemesterFeesToolStripMenuItem.Click Form5.show() End Sub Private Sub OtherPaymentToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles OtherPaymentToolStripMenuItem.Click Form6.show() End Sub Private Sub CollectionReportToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles CollectionReportToolStripMenuItem.Click Form7.show() End Sub
Private Sub PaymentReportToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PaymentReportToolStripMenuItem.Click Form8.show() End Sub Private Sub DueReportToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DueReportToolStripMenuItem.Click Form9.show() End Sub Private Sub MisscellaneousReportToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MisscellaneousReportToolStripMenuItem.Click Form10.show() End Sub End Class Public Class Form3 Dim con As New OleDb.OleDbConnection Dim da As OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter Dim ds As New DataSet Dim cmd As New OleDb.OleDbCommand Dim icount As Integer Dim cb As New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(da) Dim sql As String Dim inc As Integer Dim maxrows As Integer Private Sub Form3_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load 'TODO: This line of code loads data into the 'StudentDataSet.personal' table. You can move, or remove it, as needed. Me.PersonalTableAdapter1.Fill(Me.StudentDataSet.personal)
con.ConnectionString = "PROVIDER=Microsoft.jet.OLEDB.4.0;data Source=G:\new vb project\sas project\student.mdb" sql = "SELECT * FROM personal" da = New OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter(sql, con) da.Fill(ds, student") con.Open() con.Close() TextBox1.Text = "" TextBox2.Text = "" TextBox3.Text = "" TextBox4.Text = "" TextBox5.Text = "" TextBox6.Text = "" TextBox7.Text = "" TextBox8.Text = "" TextBox9.Text = "" TextBox10.Text = "" TextBox11.Text = "" maxrows = ds.Tables("student").Rows.Count inc = -1 End Sub Private Sub NavigateRecords() TextBox1.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(0) TextBox2.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(1) TextBox3.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(2) TextBox4.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(3) TextBox5.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(4) TextBox6.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(6) TextBox7.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(7) TextBox8.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(8) TextBox9.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(9)
TextBox10.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(10) TextBox11.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(11) TextBox12.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(12) TextBox13.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(13) TextBox14.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(14) TextBox15.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(15) TextBox16.Text = ds.Tables("student").Rows(inc).Item(16) End Sub Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click If inc > 0 Then inc = inc - 1 NavigateRecords() Else MsgBox("First Record") End If End Sub Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click If inc <> maxrows - 1 Then inc = inc + 1 NavigateRecords() MsgBox("The Next Record") Else MsgBox("No More Rows") End If End Sub Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click If inc <> maxrows - 1 Then inc = maxrows - 1
NavigateRecords() MsgBox("The Previous Record") End If End Sub Private Sub Button5_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button5.Click TextBox1.Text = "" TextBox2.Text = "" TextBox3.Text = "" TextBox4.Text = "" TextBox5.Text = "" TextBox6.Text = "" TextBox7.Text = "" TextBox8.Text = "" TextBox9.Text = "" TextBox10.Text = "" TextBox11.Text = "" maxrows = ds.Tables("student").Rows.Count inc = +1 MsgBox("A New Student Information is Sucessfully Added") End Sub End Class Public Class Form4 Dim con As New OleDb.OleDbConnection Dim da As OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter Dim ds As New DataSet Dim cmd As New OleDb.OleDbCommand Dim icount As Integer Dim cb As New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(da) Dim sql As String
Dim inc As Integer Dim maxrows As Integer Private Sub Form4_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load 'TODO: This line of code loads data into the 'StudentDataSet.personal' table. You can move, or remove it, as needed. Me.PersonalTableAdapter1.Fill(Me.StudentDataSet.personal) con.ConnectionString = "PROVIDER=Microsoft.jet.OLEDB.4.0;data Source=G:\new vb project\sas project\ fees.mdb" sql = "SELECT * FROM exam" da = New OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter(sql, con) da.Fill(ds, student") con.Open() con.Close() TextBox1.Text = "" TextBox2.Text = "" TextBox3.Text = "" TextBox4.Text = "" TextBox5.Text = "" TextBox6.Text = "" TextBox7.Text = "" TextBox8.Text = "" TextBox9.Text = "" TextBox10.Text = "" TextBox11.Text = "" maxrows = ds.Tables("fees").Rows.Count inc = -1 End Sub Private Sub NavigateRecords() TextBox1.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(0) TextBox2.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(1)
TextBox3.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(2) TextBox4.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(3) TextBox5.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(4) TextBox6.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(6) TextBox7.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(7) TextBox8.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(8) TextBox9.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(9) TextBox10.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(10) TextBox11.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(11) TextBox12.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(12) TextBox13.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(13) TextBox14.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(14) TextBox15.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(15) TextBox16.Text = ds.Tables("fees").Rows(inc).Item(16) End Sub Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click If inc > 0 Then inc = inc - 1 NavigateRecords() Else MsgBox("First Record") End If End Sub Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click If inc <> maxrows - 1 Then inc = inc + 1 NavigateRecords() MsgBox("The Next Record") Else
MsgBox("No More Rows") End If End Sub Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click If inc <> maxrows - 1 Then inc = maxrows - 1 NavigateRecords() MsgBox("The Previous Record") End If End Sub Private Sub Button5_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button5.Click TextBox1.Text = "" TextBox2.Text = "" TextBox3.Text = "" TextBox4.Text = "" TextBox5.Text = "" TextBox6.Text = "" TextBox7.Text = "" TextBox8.Text = "" TextBox9.Text = "" TextBox10.Text = "" TextBox11.Text = "" maxrows = ds.Tables("fees").Rows.Count inc = +1 MsgBox("The Fees paid by the student is Sucessfully Added") End Sub End Class
5.2 IMPLEMENTATION Implementation is the project where the theoretical design is turned into a working system. The Most critical stage is achieving a successful new System and giving a user self-belief in that the new system will work efficiently and effectively in the implementation stage The stage consist of Testing a developed program with sample data. Detection and correction of errors Creating whether the system meets a user requirement. Making the necessary changes as desired by users. Training the user and administrator.
IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES The implementation phase is less innovative than system design. A system design may be dropped at any time earlier to implementation, although it becomes More difficult when it goes to the design phase. The final report of the implementation includes installation, data conversion from your old system, training, and assistance and guidance with all the details ,It provide workable plan for implementing the candidate system design into an operational design. The word implementation means changing old system into new system that is adapting a new features. Each successive versions can incorporate the capabilities of the
previous versions And provide additional processing function. System implementation specifies the functional and performance test that must be performed and standards to be applied to the source code, internal documentation and external documentation such as the design specification, the test plan, the users manual, the principle of the operation, and maintenance .The desired functional and physical audits of source code, documents and physical media are specified.
The students administration system is a intranet based projects. The user login is used to collect all the information about the students in the category of personal, qualification, fees details. This information will be stored in the database. In the fees details is used to get the enroll_no . Through this administrator can easily find fees paid student and category of the admission student name list. All these details will be stored in the central server. Concerned will make use of this information.
CHAPTER 6 TESTING
6.1 INTRODUCTION The goal of software testing is to assess the requirements of a project; then the tester will determine if these requirements are met. There are many times when low memory usage and speed are more important than making the program pretty or capable of handling errors. While programming skills are useful when testing software, they are not necessarily required; however it can be useful in determining the cause of errors found in a project. 6.2 TEST PLAN The first step in system testing process is to prepare a test plan that will test all aspects of the system. A workable test plan was prepared in accordance with the design specification. It includes output expected from the system criteria for evaluating outputs; volumes of test data produce procedure for using test data. The Test data should be such that they Guarantee that all independent paths within a module have been exercised. Exercise all logical decisions on their true or false sides. Execute all Loops at their boundaries and with their operational boundary. Exercise internal data structures to assure their validation.
6.3 UNIT TESTING Developers write unit tests to check their own code. Unit testing differs from integration testing, which confirms that components work well together, and acceptance testing, which confirms that an application does what the customer expects it to do. Unit tests are so named because they test a single unit of code. Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design. Each of the modules in this project was verified individually for errors. Checks each line of coding
6.4 INTEGRATION TESTING Integration testing is a systematic testing for constructing the program structure while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated within the interface. This testing was done with sample data. The need for integrated test is to find the overall system performances. The Integration testing can be performed in the An Agent based Internet Advertising System by using PULL Mechanism as follows, In the Login Page User has not enter the User Id and Password, but he/she clicks Sign In Button then the list of Errors should be displayed to the user as, Invalid User ID Invalid Password 6.5 VALIDATION TESTING Validation testing is where the requirements established as part of the software requirements analysis are validated against the software that has been constructed. It provides final assurance that the software meets all functional, behavioral and performance requirements.A deviation from the specification is uncovered and corrected. Each input field was tested with the validation rules specified integrity. Validates enrollment number field
6.6
SYSTEM TESTING
System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the computer-based system. Although each test has a different purpose, all work to verify that system elements have been properly integrated and perform allocated functions. System testing includes other types of testing such as recovery testing, performance testing, security testing and stress testing.
APPENDIX C TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO .NET
.NET Many people reckon that it's Microsoft's way of controlling the Internet, which is false. .NET is Microsoft's strategy of software that provides services to people any time, any place, on any device. An accurate definition of .NET is, it's an XML Web Services platform which allows us to build rich .NET applications, which allows users to interact with the Internet using wide range of smart devices (tablet devices, pocket PC's, web phones etc), which allows to build and integrate Web Services and which comes with many rich set of tools like Visual Studio to fully develop and build those applications Visual Basic .NET Visual Basic .NET provides the easiest, most productive language and tool for rapidly building Windows and Web applications. Visual Basic .NET comes with enhanced visual designers, increased application performance, and a powerful integrated development environment (IDE). It also supports creation of applications for wireless, Internet-enabled hand-held devices. Powerful Windows-based Applications Visual Basic .NET comes with features such as a powerful new forms designer, an in-place menu editor, and automatic control anchoring and docking. Visual Basic .NET delivers new productivity features for building more robust applications easily and quickly. With an improved integrated development environment (IDE) and a significantly reduced startup time, Visual Basic .NET offers fast, automatic formatting of code as you type, improved IntelliSense, an enhanced object browser and XML designer, and much more.
Building Web-based Applications With Visual Basic .NET we can create Web applications using the shared Web Forms Designer and the familiar "drag and drop" feature. You can double-click and write
code to respond to events. Visual Basic .NET 2003 comes with an enhanced HTML Editor for working with complex Web pages. We can also use IntelliSense technology and tag completion, or choose the WYSIWYG editor for visual authoring of interactive Web applications. Simplified Deployment With Visual Basic .NET we can build applications more rapidly and deploy and maintain them with efficiency. Visual Basic .NET 2003 and .NET Framework 1.1 makes "DLL Hell" a thing of the past. Side-by-side versioning enables multiple versions of the same component to live safely on the same machine so that applications can use a specific version of a component. XCOPY-deployment and Web auto-download of Windows-based applications combine the simplicity of Web page deployment and maintenance with the power of rich, responsive Windows-based applications. Powerful, Flexible, Simplified Data Access You can tackle any data access scenario easily with ADO.NET and ADO data access. The flexibility of ADO.NET enables data binding to any database, as well as classes, collections, and arrays, and provides true XML representation of data. Seamless access to ADO enables simple data access for connected data binding scenarios. Using ADO.NET, Visual Basic .NET can gain high-speed access to MS SQL Server, Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access, and more.
Improved Coding You can code faster and more effectively. A multitude of enhancements to the code editor, including enhanced IntelliSense, smart listing of code for greater readability
and a background compiler for real-time notification of syntax errors transforms into a rapid application development (RAD) coding machine. Direct Access to the Platform Visual Basic developers can have full access to the capabilities available in .NET Framework 1.1. Developers can easily program system services including the event log, performance counters and file system. The new Windows Service project template enables to build real Microsoft Windows NT Services. Programming against Windows Services and creating new Windows Services is not available in Visual Basic .NET Standard, it requires Visual Studio 2003 Professional, or higher. Full Object-Oriented Constructs You can create reusable, enterprise-class code using full object-oriented constructs. Language features include full implementation inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. Structured exception handling provides a global error handler and eliminates spaghetti code. XML Web Services XML Web services enable you to call components running on any platform using open Internet protocols. Working with XML Web services is easier where enhancements simplify the discovery and consumption of XML Web services that are located within any firewall. XML Web services can be built as easily as you would build any class in Visual Basic 6.0. The XML Web service project template builds all underlying Web service infrastructure.
COM Interoperability
To maintain your existing code without the need to recode. COM interoperability enables you to leverage your existing code assets and offers seamless bi-directional communication between Visual Basic 6.0 and Visual Basic .NET applications. Reuse Existing Investments You can reuse all your existing ActiveX Controls. Windows Forms in Visual Basic .NET 2003 provide a robust container for existing ActiveX controls. In addition, full support for existing ADO code and data binding enable a smooth transition to Visual Basic .NET 2003. Upgrade Wizard You upgrade your code to receive all of the benefits of Visual Basic .NET 2003. The Visual Basic .NET Upgrade Wizard, available in Visual Basic .NET 2003 Standard Edition, and higher, upgrades up to 95 percent of existing Visual Basic code and forms to Visual Basic .NET with new support for Web classes and UserControls. Features of VB.NET Full support for object oriented programming. Structured error handling capabilities. Access to .NET Framework. Powerful unified Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Better windows applications with Windows Forms. New Web capabilities with Web Forms. Interpretability with other .NET compiled languages. Better database programming approach with ADO.NET
Ms Access is a database management tool that enables one to have good command of data collected. The programme enables one to retrieve, sort, summarize and report results speedily and effectively. It can combine data from various files through creating relationships, and can make data entry more efficient and accurate. Microsoft Access (MS Access) enables one to manage all important information from a single database file. Within the file, one can use: Tables to store your data. Queries to find and retrieve specific data of interest. Forms to view, add, and update data in tables. Reports to analyze or print data in a specific layout. Data access pages to view or update, the data.
In MS Access, data is stored once in one table, but can be viewed from multiple locations.When the data is updated in a Table, Query or Form, it is automatically updated everywhere it Appears Features of MS ACCESS Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports, and connect them together with macros. Advanced users can use VBA to write rich solutions with advanced data manipulation and user control. The original concept of Access was for end users to be able to "access" data from any source. Other uses include import and export of data to many formats including Excel, Outlook, ASCII, dBase, Paradox, FoxPro, SQL Server, Oracle, ODBC, etc. It can perform heterogeneous joins between data sets stored across different platforms. It is people downloading data from enterprise level databases for manipulation, analysis, and reporting locally. There is also the Jet Database format (MDB or ACCDB in Access 2007) which can contain the application and data in one file.
Microsoft Access offers parameterized queries. These queries and Access tables can be referenced from other programs like VB6 and .NET through DAO or ADO. From Microsoft Access, VBA can reference parameterized stored procedures via ADO.
It also has the ability to link to data in its existing location and use it for viewing, querying, editing, and reporting. This allows the existing data to change and the Access platform to always use the latest data.
Establishment of Ms Access database All Ms Access databases files are saved with extension .mdb.A database should have a separate table for every major subject, such as pedigree records,Production data or Treatment information. Data should not be duplicated in multiple tables. Microsoft Access provides three methods to create a database Database Wizard (though easy, the wizard offers limited options to customize the database) Using a template (This method works best if one can find and use a template that closely matches the specific requirements) Creating a database directly (This is the most flexible method, but it requires one to define each database element separately). Creating a table Tables are the data storage facilities in Ms Access. Each table contains rows called records and columns called fields.A record is a collection of facts about a particular animal or event. Each record in a tableshould be unique. To distinguish one record from another, tables can contain a primary key field.A field is a single kind of fact that may apply to each animal or event. For example, date of birth is a field in a table on animal information. The fields in a database have settings that determine the type of data they can store,
how the data is displayed, what can be done with the data.
One important setting for fields is the data type, which could be a number, text, currency, and date/time. The data type limits and describes the kind of information in the field. The data type also determines the actions one can perform on a field and how much memory the data will use. Fields also have properties that control the details of information inside them, including a character length, a default value, and a validation rule that makes sure the data meets certain criteria. Tables may be created by either: Table wizard, Design view Entering data in a spreadsheet. Define a Primary Key field (You don't have to define a primary key, but it's usually a good idea. If you don't define a primary key, Microsoft Access asks if you want Access to create one for you when you save the table) Save the table by a name of your choice, (related to the information the table) Finally, close the design view to return to the database window where the columns of the table that you have just created are displayed. They can also be helpful in merging related information from different tables. Make-Table queries- used for making sub tables from the main table(s) and queries. Update queries- important in adding information in the fields of a Table. Append queries- used to copy records from one table/ query to another. Delete query- to permentaly remove unwanted content from the table.
Advantages of Ms Access
Access has become an industry standard in desktop use and the database engine is quite powerful. Integration with voice recognition features makes data entry and menu navigation quite easy.
There are a large number of templates, including the download online, which makes creating new databases quite easy. The ability to customize them not only get productive quickly, but can also adjust things to fit specific needs.
Connectivity options are a strong asset; Access databases can connect to Excel tables, ODBC connectors, SQL Servers, and SharePoint Services sites for live data.
Tables created in these sources can be linked and used for generating reports. These reports then give you a better view/analysis of your data. Data harvesting from a large number of e-mail addresses is possible too.
Multiple reports can be created for the same set of data. It has the ability to use the grouping, sorting and filtering options to get more perspectives on the same data. Real time create the different versions of the report that may need for various audiences.