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ocs-G 32306#r
Mississlppi Canyon 252 DeepwaterHorizon
Prepared by
Doyle W, Maxie MI Project Engineer Phone: 281-988-1809 fohn LeBleu G OMX Deepwater Exploration Drilling Fluids Engineer Phone: 281-365-4015 Mark Hafle GOMX Deepwater Exploration Drilling Engineer Phone: 281-366-4237 Brian Morel GOMX Deepwater Exploration Drilling Engineer Phone: 281-366-1706
Reviewed by
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Signature: E-mail: mark.hafle@.bp.com Signahrre: E-mail: brian.morel@bp.com Signature:
Reviewed by
Reviewed by
Approved by
fohn Guide E-mail: G OMX Deepwater Exploration Operations Team Leader lqbsulds,gbp.su Phone: 281-365-0531 (Approve if program is consistent with BP Drilling Fluids Suidelines and M-I PFM guidelines, and that any deviations are clearly stated and are technically sound, CriFria fot review assiSned to the drilling fluids program)
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"lllacondo ProsPect" ocs432306flnl MC2s2 27 Iarru,ary ,2010 Page2 of65
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
Performance Fluids Management (PFM) will be an important key in the successof the OCS-G 32306 #001 well at Mississippi Canyon, Block 252. Optimizing drilling performance, minimizing drilling fluids waste, and generation will be areas providing a system to minimize disc-harges/waste of to the success the project. where proper fluid practiceswill contribute tr M-I SWACO commits to providing BP with a complete PFM Drilling Fluid and Waste Minimization plan to establish a system of monitoring and controlling volumes of: overboard discharge for final disposal of cuttings and fluids associatedwaste. o M-I SWACO commits to align procedures according with Best Management Practices Regarding Discharges Associated with SyntheticBasedDrilling fluids and/or Waste Minimization BestPractices. tr M-I SWACO will provide a PFM well site coordinator that will be committed to the execution as well as the final evaluation of the project. At the end of this project, the team will review lessons learned and create a plan for continual improvement for the following projects. tr M-I SWACO will utilize the concept of Integrated Fluids Engineering and Performancefluids management service lines into a single fluid and Waste minimization system to bring best practices and performances under a single coordinated framework.
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HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL
M-l 00002392
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CRITICAL ANALYSIS
(H.S.E') Cntrtcn'r Auatvsrs HElttu, SlrEtv, ANDENVIRoNMENTAL
Itern Critical Points . r e o r e o o r Action lmplementing BP intemal programs and M-I SWACO HSE Marngement System M-I SWACO HSE Passport Daily Safety Meetings START Program Implementing START cards Recrrrds & Analysis Lock-Out-Tag-Out procedures to be followed as necEssarv Training and implementation. Daily Safety Meeting and Analysis Records & Analvsis
pre-operations
Risk
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M-t 00002393
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DnnuNc Fruns Cnlncar ANawsIs:
Item Critical Points
Action numbers were seen when using Higher than normal Oil-on{uttings amounts of LCM to treat for seepage losses. While the large treatments of LCM aPpear to minimize seePage losset it does increase the amount of mud lost on cuttings over the shakets md will necessitate the addition of wetting agents and emulsifiers to account for the solids added. Optimize procedures to imProve shakers efficiencies and screens mesh designs an4 use of preszure guns to minimize zurface mud losses. Managing losses according to lost circulation best practices (Lost Decision Tree and Partide Size Analysis) and Circulation coordinating with rig personnel for the required actions. See appendix 1 of Mud Program Seepage losses have been managed by additions carbonate (M, C) and G-Seal Plus. of Calcium
Mud Losses
VINSEAL additions in conjunction with Calcium carbonate and GSeal Plus adds additional fluid loss control to formation. The use of ECOTROL RD (fluid loss additive) to treat the HTHP bring the fluid loss to < 1.0 ct fluid loss in the ApductionzpfleS.will @250deg F. This is one way to try to minimize the fluid invasion that could contribute to fluid contamination in the MDT sampling runs. Ml SWACO's Virtual Hydraulics rnust be used for planning purposes giving an "operating window" for the drillers on the rig. Actual PWD data is used in conjunction with this model to manage ECDs and well bore deaning parameters. Well bore cleaning should be looked at in the operational procedures and evaluated to minimize crrttings beds formations. Use centrifuge to procss recovered mud from the dryer. Effective drilling practices plan for flow rate, rotatiory connections, ROP, monitor trends, critical mud properties, highdensity pills, LCM pills, wiper trip+ and well control. Circulate the proper amount of time before connections to Prevent cuttings from settling around the stabilizers.(see mud program Cutter size would have to be reduced further to decrease cuttings size and reduce the time needed to cirorlate prior to connections. Higher emphasis on low end rheology v/s yield point. High density sweeps instead of HiSh viscosity pills proved to be more affective with no noticeable increase of ECD and no effect on rheological properties in deviated well bore sections. In straight well bore sectiont recommend use of virous sweeps. Mud from the riser is cold and viscoug leading pump pressures when starting to circulate. When is shom beneficial to close the BOPs until the mud line. Circulating the riser prior to opming casing through should also help running ECD's. to increase initial running casin& it string Sets to the the BOPs to m
Cleaning
and Reduce Mud rheology to create minimum ECD, while ming cementing casing should be done in the last trip out of the well bore. Help to establish safe casing running procedures by Utilizing Virtual Hydraulics to predict surge and swab pressures. Monitor PWD values against Virhral Hydraulics during normal operations.
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M-l 00002394
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21,2010 Jarlrvary Page5 of65
NPT time due to equiPmmt failure. VERTI.G 03 Failure can occur due to the following items:
r o r Motor failure Belt failure on scroll Hydraulic fluid leaks
Preventative meagurts: o Maintain adequate spare parts inventory on board for quick repairs r Limit feed to 45 tons per hour If failure occurs the following actions will be taken: olf necessary complete fSA for work to be done. Follow Energy Isolation certificate in Appnedix 9 for Lock-Out-Tag-Out. oRecord depth and time failure occurred and contact PFM coordinator immediately to acquire composite of shaker cuttings and perform cuttings retention test on samPle .Repair and restart unit rRecord depth and time unit is back on line and processing and calculate total mud lo6t on cuttings to be incorporated into daily weighted average Preventative meagurts: o Maintainadequate sPare Parts inventory to ensute speedy repairs o M-I SWACO personnel will be responsible for daily maintenancE routines to be performed and recorded on daily reports for review
NPT time due to equiPment failurc Centrifuge failure: If used to process recovered fluid from the dryer Centrifuge failure due to the following items: r Bearing failure r Feed pump failure o Drive belt failure o Pack off
Monitor feed tates and densities to make adjustments when necessary If failure occurs the following ac8ons will be taken: olf necessary complete fSA for work to be done- Follow Energy Isolation certificate in Appnedix 9 for Lock-Out-Tag-Out. r Route fluid from the dryer direct to mud system r Make necessaryrepairs to get centrifuge back on line o Cleanand restartunit The roles and responsibilities for all personnel associated with the PFM effort on this proiect are listed on the following pages r Coordinate and suggest requirements for the oPtimum equipment performance r pg\g! use 40 mesh screens on Scalping shakers. Use 20 mesh with the 40 mesh on the Secondary shakers if necessary o Coordinate and suggest best practices for screen storage, installatioru md o r . . o evaluation of shale shaker components Pre-planning for screen change for bottoms up after tripping Recrcrds& Analvsis Innovations: Optimize screen configuration for lower overall R.O.C. Optimize solids control equipment efficiency LGS removal Processes Identify mud quality reclaimed by the vacuum system to determine if DF will be retumed to system ot sent in fot e Identify waste's main soures, and coordinate and control by suggesting and implementing optimization procedures r Monitoring Waste generation Volumes md cost associated for treatment, storage and disposal
Optimization
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BP and PFM engneer will track Non Productive Time asrcciated to PFM events and estimate the cost in order to set these numbers as benchmarks.
Between 5 to 10 % is the Normal % NPT o{ Historical data from oversas operations. PFM personnel will record Non- Pmductive Time associated to PFM events and estimate the cost in order to set these numberg as benchmarks,
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M-t00002396
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BP and PFM will track Non Productive Time associated to PFM events and estimate the cost in order to set these numbers as benchmarks.
Sorns Corqrnor:
Item NPT due to Solids Control equipment (Defined as Non Productive time associated to Solids Control equipment / Total Non Productive Time of the entire operation) NPC due to Solids Control equipmmt @efined as Non Productive Cost associatedto Solids Control equipment / Total Non Productive Cost of the entire operation) Total Solids Contrcl Equip & Pergonnel Cosl v/s drilled fr Screens Usage per day ** Benchmark Goal
Note: Non Productive Time associatedto Solids control equipment should be taken in account only when drilling down time is due to solids control equipment failures. Solids Control equipment failures, which do not affect drilling will be captured as % of down time.
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HIGHLYCONFIDENTIAL
M-t00002397
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"MocondoProspect" OCS-G32306#001 Mc252
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Wlsrn HaNprruc:
Itm Total Waste Handling * Oil content on discharged cuttings' (Average for daily composite sample as per latest EPA suggestions,June 4 2001.) Bbls rnud to Bbls cuttings discharged Average for daily composite sample
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Unit
Cost v/s drilled ft Average of ol, Oil by weight
Benchmark To be tracked
Goal
To be tracked
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To be measured
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* Th" model did not included much data regarding solids control, boat and rig cleaning, and the different items involved with Performance fluids management. Accurate data will be recotded for this well in order to update the model
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No stuck pipe due to either well bore cleaning or instability problems' Consequential NPT less than 7.5'1,of drilling NPT from DIMS. Drilling performance - No barite sag resulting in NPT.
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4 5 Drilling performance -Fluid losss to the formation to be 3 2,250 bbls Drilling performance - Produce stable and clean well bore for the specified intervals. Measured by the ability to run casing to section depth first time and within planned time for the running of the casing. Drilling performance - LCM strategy in Place, no NPT due to failure of the strategy.
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RHELIANTTM
SYSTSM COMPONENTS:
Suremul - is a blend of liquid emulsifiers, wetting agents, gellants, and fluid stabilizing agents. It is used as the primary emulsifier in this system. Suremul reacts with lime to form calcium soaps. This calcium soap acts as the emulsifier in this tightly emulsified conventional low filtrate system. Suremul along with Surewet forms an extremely tight emulsion and is stable athigh temperatures.The recommended concentration is 7.0 8.0 PPb. Surewet - functions as wetting agent in the Rheliant system. It also serves as a secondary emulsifier. Preferentially symtheticwets weight material and drill solids to minimize water-wet solids. It also improves thermal stability, rheological stability, filtration control, emulsion stability, and the fluids resistance to contamination. Additionally, it is used to aid in the reduction of synthetic base fluid retained on cuttings. Rheflat - functions as a rheological modifier. The flat rheology profile is generated using this rheology modifier. This polymer can enhance low-end rheology and yield point by interacting with fine solids such as organo clay and low gravity solids. The interaction is temperature stimulated in such a way that the low-end rheology enhancement is greater at high temperatures and weaker at low temperatures. This enhancement in low-end rheology and YP can be affected by the amount of organo clay and fine low gravity solids in the system. A larger amount of organo clays or fine low gravity solids tends to cause a greater increasein these properties and a flatter profile. Treatment of Rheflat to active drilling fluid will have more impact on the low-end rheology at high temperatures than on the low temperature rheology. No significant increasesin viscosity will be seen if the system contains optimal amounts of drill solids and organo clay. Rhethick - Polyamide based viscosifier and rheology modifier. Used to provide overall viscosity and to improve sag control of the flat rheology system when necessary.This viscosifier is chemically different from Rheflat and reacts differently with solids. Pilot testing is recommended before addition. Recommendedconcentration is 0.25- 1.25ppb. Rheduce - Thinner that can be used to reduce the overall viscosity of the system without significantly ch*g-g the flat rheology profile. Becauseof its potenry Rheduce should be pilot tested bdfore additions are made. 0.1. 0.2 ppb is a good starting point. VG Supreme - This organo clay is used at minimum concentration to provide body and viscosity for proper barite suspension. Typically, one to two pounds per barrel should be sufficient for the initial mix of the system. This organo clay is specially designed for high temperature applications. Or:repart VG Supreme may be mixed with 2 parts VG Plus for lower temperafure applications.
Confidential
CONFIDENTIAL HIGHLY
M-t 00002405
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pFMprcposal "lllacondoProspect'
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RHELIANTTU
SYSTEM COMPONENTS:
Ecohol - filtration control additive for use in synthetic based mud systems.It is specially designed to provide tight high temperature high-pressure fluid loss control at low concentrations.Stableat high temPeratures. Calcium Chloride - salt is used to reduce the activity (Aw) of the mud for shale inhibition. . Lime - is used in all synthetic base muds for alkalinity control to increase the Psr"r and maintain excesslime. In this 101618system it is used at a high concentration as a source of calcium for forming calcium soaps with the primary emulsifier. It is used in all synthetic base systems as a sowce of alkalinity when drilling acid gases(HzS, CO). It is difficult to specify exact ranges for mud properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strengths due to the many variables affecting the value of these properties including the synthetic base fluid properties, the type, size and concentration of solids, the brine concentration, and the overall stability of the emulsion. The recommended properiies are useful as a guide to the final desired fluid parameters.Any significant deviations from these parameters should be noted and brought to the attention of bp and M-I's engineering staff in conjunction with the drilling supervisor on location. Plastic Viscosity should be maintained at minimum values to optimize bit hydraulics and penetration rates. If the Plastic Viscosity trends upward over a period of time without increasesin fluid density, it usually indicates that fine solids are building up in the mud. Increasesin the volume percent solids even from weight material will increase the plastic viscosity. Decreasesin the Synthetic Water Ratio (higher water content) will also increasethe Plastic Viscosity. Yield Point and gel strengths are goverrred by two requirements. The first is the need to maintain sufficient thixotrophy to suspend weight material and cutiings, plus provide carrying capacity. The second requirement is to minimize annular Pressure losses and Equivalent Circulating Densities (ECD's). The yield point and gel strengths can be increased with additions of Rhethick. To increase viscosity for sweeps use Rhethick. These properties can be reduced ordinarily with additions of Synthetic Base Oil or Rheduce. Pilot testing should be performed before any additions of Rheduce.
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CONFIDENTIAL HIGHLY
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DrillingFluid System RHELIANTTM ECOTROL,RHETHIK RHEFLAT, rw ne& suREMlIL, SIIREWET, & RHEDIICE,KIIEBWLD,VG-PLUS/SuP& CaClzLime, CaCOg KeyProducts G-SEAL (155meshscreens), 2 x - ScalpingShakers,4 Linear Motion Shakers golids Control centrifuge M-I SWACOauger,dryer and Hi G Mud Cleanets,
Potential Problems Pit management - Displacement program below to minimize interface. hrcorporation of s 900 bbls ENCORE fluid into the RHELIANTTM system. Maintaining stable mud weight while drilling cement shoe track.
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MaxirnumLGS Permitted(%):
INrEnver Onpcrtvns:
T\e'1.612X20"well bore will be drilled to a setting depth (15" casing) of 12,500'. This section will be drilled with RHELIANTTM SBM. The first plug @ 5,881'will be drilled with RHELIANTTMSBM while displacing seawater left in well bore above plug and the riser volume. Once the shoe track is tagged, the Haliburton ENCORE system will be displaced with RHELIANTTMSBM while drilling the cement shoe track. The ENCORE system will be incorporated into the RHELIANTTM system. The compatibility of the fuids should not become an issue as they ar both IO systems. There may be necessary circulating time to treat the system in case there are any issues with the system. The ENCORE system is a GEL free system and some GEL is used in the RHELIANTTM. The expectedLOT test for this interval is 12.0ppg.
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HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL
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Drilling recommendations for this interval: . Flow Rate: 1000- 1300gpm o Riser Boost 300 - 350 gpm o Rotary RPM: 130rPm; as drilling Parametersallow. o ROP: 20 ftlfu - 100ftAu; as well bore conditions dictate.
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M-t00002411
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12,500' - 75,300'MDEW
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IrvrEnverOnpcnws:
The l4s/+x\6Vz" well bore will be drilled to a setting depth (LgW' liner) of 15,30Y. This section will be drilled with RHELIANTTM SBM. Drill section without losses to formation. Maintain background LCM while drilling interval.
Confidential
CONFIDENTIAL HIGHLY
M-t00002415
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Rheliant drilling fluids engineering will be substantially the same as in the previous interval. Drill shoe track plus 10' of new well bore and obtain an acceptableFIT/LOT (13.6 ppg) to drill ahead to section TD. Perform FITAOT with the interval ending mud weight. Maintain "fLat" characteristic of the system with small additions of "Rheflat" and "Rheduce". Approximately equal 6 & 3, YP across temperature sPectrum. Pilot test to confirm appropriate additions and track concentrations in "oneTlax". Maintain additions of LCM into system @15- 17 ppb. Use Standard maintainence and G-SEAL PLUS Calcium Carbonate 30/50@15ppb, mix of Safecarb 250@15ppb, @15ppb totaling 60 ppb in pit. Bleed over into active to maintain 500 lbs/hr in system. We can adjust based on total concentration needed in system. Discontinue use of Safecarb40 in LCM pit. The system will have enough fines to cover this mocron size. Maintain the Emergemy LCM pill (200 bbls @84ppb)and have ready to pump if needed. Build with the following concentrations:G-SEAL PLUS @10ppb;Safecarb40 @20ppb; Safecarb 250 @20ppb' BI.OCK R 750 @1'4ppb; KWIKSEAL C o Sppb; KWIKSEAL M o5ppb; VINSAEL M @10 ppb. Refer to Loss circulation guidelines / decision tree found in Appendix 1 of this program in the event lossesare encountered. Severelossesmay require pumping MI-SWACO's Form-A-Squeeze' EZ-Sqteeze,or Form-A-Set AIC Refer to FAS software for formulation, mixing and pumping instructions. Mixing in structions can be found in Appendix 7 of this Plogram Maintain enough Form-A-SqueezeLCM material on location to build and pump a 200 bbl pill. In the event of loss circulation this pill will be pumped after conventional LCM pills does not heal the formation. Maintain enough EZ-Sqteeze material on loaction to build and pump a 200 bbl pill. This will be pumped after a Form-A-squeeze pill has been pump and does not heal the formation to regain circulation. A technician will have to be flown to rig to mix this pill. Maintain enough Form-A-Set AK material on location to build and pump a 200 bbl pill if needed. Record rheology at 40 degrees, 100 degrees, and L50 degrees daily and submit on daily mud report in OneTrax. At TD pump a 100 bbl viscous sweep and circulate the well bore clean. One circulation is never enough. (See"Procedures - Sweep/Well bore Cleaninfl) Due to the possibility of large PDC cuttings collecting in the BOP cavities pumP another 100 bbls high viscosity sweeP at the well head before POOH. The "piston" effect of running the liner through casing may result in mud lossesboth running the liner and cementing. Ensure that sufficient mud volumes are aboard the rig to run and cement the liner in the event that losses occtll. RUn "SurgePro" to model rururing l3s/s' finet. Casing will be set in pilot hole so there will not be any 16.5Ppg Pad mud spotted on bottom prior to running the \3s/a"liner unless WSL deems it is necessary.
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ECOTROL,RHEruTK RHEFLAT, M-rBAR, SIIREMIIL, SIIREWET, & Lime, CaCOs RHEDIICE,RHEBIIILD,VG-PLUS/SuP& CaCb, G-SEAL
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casing)of 19,650'. This section well bore will be drilled to a setting depth (97/a" The 12V+" will be drilled with RHELIANTTMSBM. The need for wireline evaluation of this interval linet will be determined by real time LWD data. There is a contingency to set 117/a" conventional or expandable if the previous casing shoe is bot drilled deep enough. The decision on which will be set will be decided by team while drilling based on actual conditions. This contingenry will not be included in this Program.
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Drilling recommendations for this interval: r Flow Rate:700- 900 gpm o Riser Boost: 300 - 350 gpm . Rotarl RPM: 110rPm; as drilling parameters allow. r ROP: 5 ftlhr -20 ttlhr; as well bore conditions dictate
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SECTION LENGTHFACTOR 17-112 inch WELL BORE 12-114 inch BORE WELL 8-712 inch BORE WELL
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3. Since in practice not all of the section back to surface will be deviated at the same angle, the overall minimum circulation time prior to tripping should be apportioned in direct relation to the relative lengths of section at each angle.
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TON SArEry RECOIVTTUENOAflONSRHELIANT SYSTEM 1.. The rig crew should be briefed on the nature of RHELIANT and its cost. Safety and care should be used when drilling with RHELIANT or any drilling fluid. An M-I Engineer will brief rig crews about RHELIANT and basic safety procedures' 2. MINIMIZE contact with the drilling fluid. RHELIANT contains Calcium Chloride and Lime and although it's non-toxig it can irritate skin' 3. Wear personal protective equipment when you must work with the mud. Proper equipment includes: a. Safety glassesor goggles;b. Hard ha! c. Steel toed boots or shoes (recommend rubber for shaker and drill crew); d. Protective clothing (disposablesuits or slicker suits); e. Barrier cream; f. Rubber gloves Note: As always, follow the rig and operators safety rules. 4. If you get mud on your skin, wash it off as soon as possible. Do not allow mud to stay in contact with your skin for longer than 3040 minutes. Do not wash with rig soap! Use GOJO mechanicsdegreaseror other similar type product. 5. If clothing becomes saturated with RHELIANT, then change your dothes. Do not continue to work in clothes saturated with mud. 6. Designate one rig washing machine for muddy clothes. Do not wash other clothes in this machine. 7. Protective Equipment that has worked well on other jobs: Disposable mites: TWEK BRAND; Rubber boots: GQQDALL BRAND POLY GRIP BOOTS MODEL #41,541,; Coverall pants: GOODALL ARMOR LITE OVERALI. MODEL #C2522; Coverall Jacket GOODALL ARMOR LITE JACKET, MODEL #C2520 8. People tend to become lax in observing the above safety guidelines because RHETIANT has no offensive odor and is not unpleasant to work around. Common sensewhen working $rith RHELIANT will prevent any safety problems. If you get RHELIANT on you, wash it off. If you have to work with or around the mud, wear your protective equipment. Watch your step and clean uP any spills.
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Sampling Plan
A drilling fluid sample will be taken once per tour and will be analyzed using the stacked-wet-sievemethod described herein. A one-quart sPlit Drilling Fluid sample will be collected on the first test and every seventh day's test thereafter, and sent to Houston for analysis. Drilling Fluid samples will be identified with SourcelDatelTime' Split sample containers willbe similarly labeled. During the stacked-wet-sievetest, solid material is collected on the sievesand eadr sieve is flushed to a separate L00 ml glass receiver for analysis. On the first test, and every seventh day's test thereafter, sieved material samples will be collected and sent to Houston for analysis. This material will be identified with Sime Size/ SowcelDatelTime. Sieved material sample containers will be similarly labeled.
Test Procedure
Collect and properly label an 8 oz Drilling Fluid sample and an 8 oz split sample once per tour while drilling. Take this sample at the same time and location as the "suction pit mud ctreck sample". tabel samples with Name/L,ocation/Date/time (e.9. MC-776 #S/Suction/1 02407 1,fl0). | Load the Portable Wet-Sieving device with the following clean sieves (in order of top to and 75 micron sieves. Tighten and secure sieves to prevent bottom): 710, 500, 250,106, fluid bypass. Label eadr 100ml container to correspond with the sieve size.
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M-t00002436
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pour 100 ml of this sample into a container and dilute with base oil until it can slowly be poured through the stacked sieves. Make sure that all particles are washed from the container. Flush the particles using a squirt bottle filled with base oil from eadr sieve into the corresponding 100ml container. Fill the container to the 100 ml mark with base oil. Pore the entire contents of this glass tube into the Wet-Sieving device, flushing the glass tube with base oil as required to ensure its entire contents is transferred to the Portable Wet-Sieving device. Carefully extract the stacked sieves from the Portable Wet-Sieving device without spilling any of solid material collected on each of the sieves. Placeeach sieve in a clearly labeled location to indicate its sieve size. Assign and label a clean 100 mt glass tube to each of these sieves,and place in a rack designed to hold them. Carefully wash the material collected on each sieve into the designated 100 ml glass tube, using a squirt bottle of base oil to flush the screery and a firnnel to collect the entire you material into the glass tube. Fill all tubes to the same height. We recommend load all to proceeding the centrifugingstepin orderto optimize tubesbefore 1-00 properlylabeled ml glass process time. Load the hand-crank centrifuge with any two of these tubes and centrifuge for one then of to taking 5 seconds comeup to a speed onerotationper second, minute. We recommend holding that speed thenext 60 seconds. for Remove the tubes from the apparatus and record the apparent volume of solid material in mls for each tube. Replace either tube in the apparatus with the next, un-centrifuged tubg and repeat the spinning process. Remove the most recently added tube from the apparatus and record the apParent volume of solid material in mls. On the first test, and eadr fourth day's test thereafter, flush the entire contents of each glass tube to a separate sample container, properly labeled, and send to Houston for further analysis. Do not intermix or commingle the contents of the different glasstubes. Reportine Maintain spreadsheetcreated for this project. (Seeaddendum) Lab Analvsis Data will be generated that may influence factors used on your reporting spreadsheet, especially the Bulk Density Factor, and possibly the Particle Size Distribution curve. Specific guidance will be provided should any adjustments to your sampling plan or reporting worksheet be required. Confidential
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Vertical, or near vertical - <20 degrees of Particles settle within the fluid, settling rates are generally low. well bore angle Particles settle out of the fluid, contact the Deviated - between 20 and 70 degrees of well bore wall and rapidlY slide well bore angle downwards. (BoYcottSettling) Particles settle out of the fluid but do not Horizontal move after this. The behavior of accumulated cuttings under static conditions in these regions, vertical, deviated, and horizontal, needs to be appreciated,reviewe4 and appropriate well bore cleaning strategies considered. For the purpose of this dismssion vertical and deviated well bores will be discussed. Vertical and Near Vertical Intervals In near vertical well bores the cutiings particles generally remain in suspension the entire time that they are in the wellbore. When the pumps are on and the drill string is rotating the particles may be aszumed to be distributed uniformly throughout the fluid, though variations in cuttings concentration with measured depth may occur with varying rates of penetration. In addition, cuttings may accumulate at higher concentrations in regions where the well bore diameter is enlarged and the annular such as in a washout or in the riser. velocity subsequently decreases Most well bore cleaning problems in vertical wells occur due to excessive ROP overloading the annulus. Overloading the annulus with cuttings can lead to a number of problems. In deepwater environments where the fracture gradients are typically low, a high ROP and a high concentration of cuttings can result in an ECD Sreater than the fracture gradient leading to formation breakdown and loss of fluid. A second problem that is associated with high ROP is cuttings settling out around the BHA during connections. If the concentration of cuttings is higtU the settled cuttings can lead to a pack off around the BHA during connections and subsequentbreakdown of formation when drilling resumes. This problem can often be avoided by circulating for a brief period before the connection to get the cuttings to move up the well bore allowing an opportunity for the cuttings to clear the BHA.
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When drilling with an invert such as RHELIANT the cuttings shape is finger like in appearance,that is, a high length to diameter ratio. If the bit has aggressive cutters, a high concentration of large cuttings is generated, often resulting in a cuttings build up that can be difficult to manage. A solution to this problem may involve the selection of cutters that are less aggressive and subsequently produce smaller cuttings. Employing this strategy does not necessarilycompromise drilling efficiency or ROP but may, in fact, improve the efficiency. The smaller cuttings are easier to transport and improve the rate of cuttings removal from the well. For vertical wells, high viscosity sweeps are recommended for improving cuftings removal. The high viscosity sweep improves the lifting capacity of the fluid and improves cuttings removal from the annulus. PWD data should be monitored to ensure that the sweep does not generate excessiveECD's. If the ECD does become excessive with the sweep, pump rate should be reduced until the sweePis out of the well bore. Deviated Intervals Some of the most troublesome well bore cleaning problems are experiencedin deviated wellbores. Pariicles can typically remain suspended in high angle wells provided the drill pipe rotation is sufficiently high to agitate the cuttings and the annular flow rate is zufficient to provide lift. Problems can rapidly develop under static conditions or if the flow rate and pipe rotation are not adequate,allowing cuttings to accumulate in beds. The process known as Boycott settling occurs under static or low flow conditions where particles rapidly settle out of suspensionin deviated wells, accumulate to a critical mass and avalandre back down the annulus. The avalanching phenomenon can be problematic when making connections. The static flow, settled bed of particles and axial drill string movement createideal conditions forbed slumping or avalandring. Back reaming out of the well bore should be avoided unless absolutely necessaryso that pack-offs associatedwith Boycott settling are not induced. Back reaming out of the well leads to a build up of cuttings in the build section of the well. When this build up of cuttings reaches a critical mass, avalanching can occur. The preferred practice is to circulate on bottom with drill string rotation until the well is dean. This eliminates the static period when breaking down the drill string and does not provide an opportunity for Boycott settling. Back reaming should only be applied if a tight sPot is encountered that cannot be eliminated after a period of rotating and circulatingIf well bore cleaning is insufficient with high viscosity sweeps for whatever reason/ weighted sweeps become the pill of choice for improving well bore cleaning performance. The weighted sweep is able to better penetrate regions of the annulus below the drill string that may not have the necessary flow to move cuttings that have entered this region. This problem originates from an eccentric drill pipe. In deviated wellbores the drill pipe is not centrally located. Typically, the drill pipe will be positioned in the lower portion of the well bore. This will result in a skewed
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distribution of the flow in the annulus, with more fluid flowing over the top of the drill pipe and little fluid flowing underneath. Drill pipe rotation can help to minimize the eccentricity of the pipe, as well as providing a medranism to direct flow through the lower portion of the wellbore. The recommended increasein mud density for weighted sweeps is 2 to 4 ppg over the current mud weight. Care should be exercised when formulating weighted sweeps to ensure the additional barite is oil wet if using a RHELIANT system. It is most important to ensure only one weighted sweep is in the wellbore at any one time. This is recommended to ensure the ECD does not exceed the fracture gradient (due to the hydrostatic pressure associatedwith the sweep and the potential for the sweeP to pickup an excessiveamount of cuttings). Weighted sweeps can also be applied safely in deepwater. A 14 PPg sweeP applied in a 10 mud system typically has a small effect on hydrostatic Pressure. For an &000 ft TVD well with a 10 ppg fluid system, the hydrostatic pressure is approfmately 4,150 psi. Irrcluding a 250 ft sweep of L4 ppg increasesthe hydrostatic to 4,212 psi, equivalent to 10.125 ppg. Given typical pressure surges associated with drilling operations, this increase in pressure should be tolerable. One aspect that must be considered, and monitored using real time APWD data is the impact the cuttings carried by ihe sweeP will have on the ECD. Field data suggeststhat the additional increasein ECD due solely to the cuttings is in the range of 0.L to 0.2 ppg,aszuming good well bore cleaning practices have been applied. If a sweep is applied after determining well bore cleaning has been poor, higher increases in ECD may be seen until the excessive cuttings are removed from the well. If the sweep picks up too much cuttings the ECD could become excessive. Under these circumstances,flow rate can be reduced to easethe load on the wellbore. LCM in Sweeps Lost Circulation Material (LCM) can also be used as a tool to improve cuttings removal from the well. If discrete particles are causing problerns, fibrous material such as M-I-XII can be included in sweeps,weighted and high viscosity, to assistin lifting particles out of the well. When silt beds develop, usually a mixture of barite and fine shalq NUTPruG is able to erode the silt bed whereas the fibrous network of M-I-X II provides greater lifting force to individual particles. The recommended concentration of either MI-X II or NUTPLUG is 10 to 15 lbs/bbl.
Low Viscosity Sweeps Low viscosity sweeps are not recommended. The concept of low viscosity sweeps is associatedwith lower viscosity fluid inducing turbulent flow acrossa cuttings bed. This zupposedly agitates the cuttings and aids removal. In reality, inducing turbulence with synthetic based mud in a deviated well bore is quite difficult if not impossible.
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fieldlab The well bore cleaning model in VH is fuzzy-logic-based in order to incorporate The data and observations that have not been or cannot easily be modeled analytically' is a relative measure of well objective of the model is to determine an index (0-1) that "fai{', or bore cleaning difficulty. The results ale Plesented as "very 1ood", "go1d", ,,poot, (corresponding to index values of 0.0-0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-0.75, md 0-75'1-0' respecUvely). This unique approach has helped convey well bore deaning performance to field persorurel.T\e fuzzy-logic model also allows us to look at complex interactions to of various factors, such as rotation, eccentricity and LSYP of fluid that are difficult model analytically. The basis for determining the well bore cleaning index (HCI) can be easily understood looking at the various well bore inclinations. tr a primarily vertical sectioo there is no cuttings bed, and well bore cleaning is controlled primarily by the amount of cuttings in the flow stream. In those sections,VH uses a classification system typically used in our industry, which says that 0% cutiings (ROP:O) is good, and 5"/ocuttings is bad. hence a HCI of 0 indicates no cuttings, while an index of 1 indicates 5"/" (or higher) cuttings concentration in the flow stream. The other extreme is a near-horizontal section - in such a sectiorL you can have a cuttings VH looks at an equilibrium cuttings bed, but that does not move or slide. In such cases, bed height, and compares that with the amount of flow area available for the cuttings to flow over the BHA if it is reciprocated. For example, if tripping rn, the cuttings can pile ahead of the bit - if there is enough flow area for the cuttings to flow back and over the BHA and not pack off, then that is good well bore cleaninS.The cutting concentration in the flow stream has an opposite effect here - lot of cuttings in flow stream indicates no cuftings bed, hence that will improve HCI. The overall HCI is ttren a combination of the available flow area and the concentration in the flow stream. The last section is the intermediate build sections - in these, VH looks at the tendenry of the beds to form and slide down the wellbore, and determines HCI based on those tendencies.
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Form-A-squeeze is quick and easy lost circulation product that can be used to address is a severe lost circulation problems while drilling. The high fluid / high solids slurry formation, cost effective solution to lost circulation in all types of fractures, vugular matrix and underground blowout events. The slurry is mixed and spotted across the zuspectedloss circulation zone. After placing the slurry in and/or acrossa loss zone, the liquid phase is squeezedfrom the slurryr,rapidly forming a solid plug in the loss zone' This process can cure losses instantly, without the need for time and/or temperature like the Form-A-Set AK Pill. SystemHighlights: o Single sack system - No additional products required for suspension or activation. o Extremely easy to mix at densities up to 18.0-ppg . Easy to pump using only the rig pumps . Can be pumped through well bore tools r No spaceris required . Not affected by temperature, activator and retarder formulations or pH o Mixes easily in fresh drill water, seawateror baseoil requirements) LC50 with o Environmentally acceptable (complies Contaminant friendly to both water base and non-aqueous fluids . can be used up to 10-ppb in the whole circulation system for seepageloss control o Temperature stable up to 450'F
Spot and squeezethe Form-A-Squeeze pill in place using the following procedure: o Determine as closely as possible location of loss zone. o Calculate volume of the slurry to cover at least 50% excessabove the loss zone. o . r Placebottom of drill pipe or bit at depth that will allow an equivalent open well bore volume to remain acrossthe loss zone Spot the pill and pull up slowly 90-ft of pipe or into the last casing. Close the annular preventer and apply gentle squeezePressure of 100 to 300-psi or to a pressure that will provide the equivalent of the maximum anticipated mud weight required for the interval. Use the cementing PumP to get the best control on the squeeze'
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Squeezeat 0.5 bpm. Monitor the squeeze pressure while pumping. \Alhen the squeeze pressure starts becoming constant with flow rate stop the pump and hold pressure for 3 minutes. o After 3 minutes start squeezing again at 0.5 bpm. If the Pressure becomes constant with flow rate stop the pump and hold for 3 minutes. Continue Process
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M-t00002444
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PrMProposal
"l!ftcondo Prospec-t"
OCS432306fln1 IMC252
until the pressure increases to the maximum Pressure after pumping a minimum volume or you have pumped away the maximum volume determined by pill volume and suspectedthief zone.
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Hold the pressure for 30 minutes. Break circulation slowly with slow PumP rates washing to bottom. Resume drilling operations.
of To insure the success the Form-A'squeeze pill, the following is recommended: r Accurately determine the location of loss zone, to increase the chances for a successfulplug o Do not mix a weighted slurry too far in advance as all weighted fluids are subject to settling with time o For open well bore squeezedo not mix the slurry in whole mud (it has low fluid loss) Build squeezepressure gently to obtain a successfulsqueeze The material is packaged in 40 lb sacks with each pallet containing 50 sacks. This is enough material to build a 25 bbl pill. .
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HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL
M-l 00002445
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Besidesthe following mixing table, the M-I SWACO FASqueezePIogIam may be used to develop a sPecificaPPlication.
FORM.A.S
ffi
9
0.88
10 11 12 13
L4
0.85 0.81
0.78
1.76 1.7
0.s5
1.12
L.69
1.63
r.56
1,.49 1.42 1.36 1,.29 1,.22 1.15
0.75
0.7r
0.68
0.64 0.61
15
16 17 18
0.58
5.08
*Calcularions are based on 80lb FORM-A-SQVEEZEper bbl of base fluid, SG Barite = 4.2 and SG FORM-A-WUEEZE=1.7
Arrnnpx 8 - FORM.A.SETAK:
SYsrru DrscRrPTIoN Fonu-A-Snr AK is a special blend of polymers and fibrous materials designed to plug matrix and fracfured zones. When added with Duo-vtSo and activated with a Confidential
HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL
M-t00002446
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'lllrcondo ProsPect" Itnuary 27,2010 57 Page of65
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combination of FOnu-A-Ser XLni, time and temperature, FOnM-A-Ssr AK Produces a firm, rubbery, ductile plug that effectively prevents loss of fluid to the formation. The lost circulation material in the Fonrvr-A-Su AK package comprises specially sized and concentrated fibrous cellulose containing a mixture of fine particle sizes to plug deep fractures, faults, and vugular formations. Applications The Fonu-A-Snr AK plug can be mixed in freshwater, seawater or saltwater up to saturation. Fonrvr-A-Sm AK can be used in any application where a squeeze plug is beneficial and a smaller particle-size distribution of bridging material is desired. This enhancesthe ability of the rnaterial to penetrate a porous or fractured zone. F9RM-A-SETAK is a variation of Fonu-A-Snt. The cross-linking agent for Fonu-ASEr AK is packaged separately. Thus, the plug without cross-linking agent can be mixed and stored on location as a contingenry. Once losses are encountered, the plug is activated by adding FOnu-A-Snr Xt (see enclosed tables for mixing concentration), mixed for five minutes and then Fonu-ASrr AK is spotted in the loss zone. F9RM-A-SETAK can be used to stop losses occuring with any water, oil or syntheticbase fluid system.
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HIGHLYCONFIDENTIAL
M-t00002447
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Retarder/Accelerator
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Two products are available to help control the setting times of the material: Fonu-A-Str RET and Fonu-A-SnrACC. Fonu-A-SnT RET, a retarder, is designed for situations requiring longer setting or pumping times and highet squeeze temperatures. Fonvr-A-SET ACC (accelerator) is engineered for situations where set conditions are faster or lower water temperafures slow the crosslinking process. Fonu-A-SET RET should be used with all applications above 100"F. A retarder is required when BHCT and pumping times increase. The retarder is added to the water prior to the addition of Fonu-A-Snr AK material. As a guideline, the typical concentration of retarder is presented in the following table:
Well BoreTemperature
oF
RET Fonu-A-Snr
(lb per bbl of mix water)
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lb/bbr
ftcI/,m3,
iI.1.4
Up to L00
up to 37,7
37:rf:,*rrtgr9 4 .4Er9.'-.'65i6,:.6 Ifit:,
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100-120 120-150
1s0-200 200-250
65,6::;::93i3..10 93,3,.,12I 1 6
45.6,
Note that the Fonu-A-Snr RET concenhationshould be proportioned to the water volume. To ensurethe time and temperafurewill not causethe slurry to cross-link prematurely,it is important to pilot testfor sufficient retarder concentration.
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M-l 00002448
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pFM proposal "lllacondo Prospect' ocs-G323(bflnl Mc2s2 27,2010 Janrary 59 Page of65
The Fonu-A-Srr ACC should be used to speedup the settingtime of the slurry' It is or used when ambienttemperafures make-uPwater are below 60"F. To avoid overIn when adding the accelerator. colderconditions, cautionmust be exercised treatment, ptoportioned to the water concentrationof Fonu-A-Snr ACC is 0.2Iblbbl suggested full .roir-". To ensure polymerhydration,the Fonu-A-Ser ACC should be addedafter the dry material has been mixed. This procedurewill allow the dry materialto blend thoroughly. Afterwards,the FORu-A-SsrACC canbe addedto the slurry to guarantee be that the accelerator diluted in 5 to 10 gallonsof it is well dispersed.It is suggested waterbeforeaddingto the Fonu'A-Snr AK slurry. MDCNG & PUMPING INSTRUCTIONS UNWEIGHTED SLURRIES To mix an unweightedpill of Fonu-A-Snt AK, use a cleanmud pit or recirculating mixer. Add the required amount of retarder to 1 bbl of water before mixing any polymers Duo-vrs Add 1.5lbs/bbl ppb Fonu-A-SmAK Add 25.0 Duo-vrs Add 1.5lbs/bbl
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Note: The defoamer may be added at any time air entrapment is observed. Use only alcohol-basedefoamers sudr as DEFoAMA. Defoamers containing stearate or glycol might cause changes in the cross-linking mechanism. Use approximately 20 to 30 bbl of viscous water or mud as sPacersin front of and behind the pill. The preferred spaceris 3 ppb Duo-VIs in water. Once losses are encounteted add 5 lb/bbl of FOnu-A-Sm XL to the pill and mix thoroughly for approximately 5 minutes.
Place the bit across the loss zone. Pump the pill to the bit as fast as possible and continue pumping the pill until the whole pill has cleared the drill string. Even if losses have stopped DO NOf SIIUT DOI nI PIIMPING WHILE TIIE PILL IS IN THE It is important not to leave any pill in the pipe. Watch for any sign of DRItfffRING. the pill reaching the loss zone, such as a pressureincreaseor improved refum flow. To begin squeezing pull above the pill height. Close the annular preventer and begin applying pressure. If pressure is note4 hold for at least three hours to obtain a firm set of the pill. Allow about four hours for the pill to obtain maximum strength. Total time for the job, induding blending, pumping and squeezingis about five hours. Confidential
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M-l 00002449
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Form-A-SetAKmixingexamPle O
1'5.5 Obiective: To formulate a Fonu-l-Str AK pill for 200oFformation temperature, ppg density and pumping time averaging 90 minutes RET table can be seen that for the formation temPerature of 200 From the FORM-A-SET oF the retarder concentration should be 10 ppb. From the tables above the formulation and mixing order is as follows: bbl 1. Water: 0.582 Z. Fonu-a-Ssr RET: 10 ppb proportioned to water volume (10 lb of Retarder per bbl of water X 0.685bbl water = 6.85ppb mixing concentration for final barrel) 3. Duo-Vn: 0.225 ppb (half of the total required concentration) AK: 4. FoRM-A-SET 8.56ppb PPg ftalf of the total required concentration) 5. 6. 7. 8. M-I Bar: 393.92PPb Fonu-e-Srr AK: 8.56ppb (the secondhalf of the total required concentration) Duo-Vrs: 0.225(the secondhalf of the total required concentration) XL: 3.25pPb FoRM-A-SEr
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2.79 2.78 2.73 2.57 2.62 2.57 2.L 2.05
1.61 L.57
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fonu-n.6erA1( tL/bbl
23.37 23.25 5.00
Uit,nrln,,, tblb$il:r::.:
0.00
7.87 35.4
s.00
4.75
4.75 4.50 4.50 4.25 4.25
10.0
10.5 11.0 11.5
22.8r
22.37
21.94
21.s0
21.06
,n A',
7n32
2M.89
4.00 4.00
J./ J
1.13
3.75
.734
.717 .699 .682 .664
0.73
0.72
nq7
15.5 16.0
0.5L
3r7.20
3.5 3.25 3.25
J
33f.77 366.35
0.33
393.92 427.50
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M-t00002451
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AK contains only the polymer and lost circulation material, FORM-A-SET therefore it may be mixed on location and stored before the anticipated losses are encountered. Owing to its increased polymer loading and the smaller size of the fibrous material, the FOnU-A-Snr AK has a much firmer set than the conventional Fonu-A-SEr. Becauseof the firmer set, FORM-A-SnI AK has a wide range of aPPlications' These applications range from partial losses (10-100 bbl/hr) to total losses. Furthermore, the material can be used in both water and gas shutoff in nonproductive zones,and may be used for gtavel consolidationExtended times in the wellbore will not cause a FOnna-A-SnTAK plug to degrade Limitations Caution shoulilbe exercisedwhen it is used in ot neat the proiluctiofl zone. Pilot testing for thermal stability is recommended when temperatures exceed 250.F. When premixing the pill, include 0.2 lb/bbl of X-Cide 702 (25% gluteraldehyde biocide) for all plugs. If X-Cide 102 is not available pilot tests should be run with the locally available biocides.
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pFM proposal
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for LOTO procedure WSM-03
1. Dryer may needto be cleanedout as often as every ten minutosto aslittle as once a 12 hour tour.
This all dlpendsof sizeof well bore,ROP, andformationwe aredrilling through.Dryer needs_to believesit needsto be be cleaneilwhenampmeteris readinga steady25 or as servicetechnician so the smallest amount of cutting go cleaned. Try to clean dryer out when making connection as but This is not alwaysmadepossible is attempted muchascanbe. overboard. tour will Uetept when it was locked out and cleaned.It will have the techniciansname,date, and time. At end oi tour one will print out and attachedto the permit to be turned in for tracking the timesanddurationof LOTO. e . Determinewhen dryer needsto be cleaned ampreading. a When dryer reaches predetermined i. Divert cutting overboard off ii. Press buttonon dryer. oiler stopbeforedisengaging iii. Let dryer cometo complete iv. Turn off oiler until light tums red breaker. v. Turn off maintenance LOTO cover. breaker vi. Put lock on maintenance vii. Attemptto startoiler. breaker' l. Ifoiler light turnsyellow checkmaintenance 2. If oiler light staysred go to ne)dstep viii. Attempt to startdryer by pressingstart switch. breakerand oiler switches. l. If dryer startscheckmaintenance to 2. If dryerdoesnot startproceed next step. ix. Proceedto cleanout dryer. l. SeeJSA and/orTHINK plan andmodify asneedec
will 2. Before everytour eachtechnician fill out a isolationpermitfor their tour. Also a daily log per
Reenergizingdryer when cleaningis complete o Make sureall doors areclosedproperly o Take lock offmaintenancebreakerand energize. Start dryer o Recordtime that dryer was reenergized o Divert cutting to dryer o Observeto makesurecuttings are dischargingproperly overboard is This procedure strictly to be usedwhile drilling to cleanout solidsbuild-up in dryer.Any other LOTO protocol. or maintenance repairswill follow Transoceans following page' EnergyIsolationCertificate 4. SeeTransocean
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M-t00002453
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This suggested program is adwisory only md may be rejected in the sole discretion of any and all parties receiving it- In addition all parties receiving this program recognize, agree, and acknowledge that M-I SWACO has no care, custody or control of the welL the drilling equipment at the well, nor the premises about the well. Also, there are obviously many conditions within and associated with a well of which M-I SWACO can have no knowledge and over which it does not in a and cannot have control. Therefore, M-I SWACO shall not be liable for the failure of any equipment to perform particular way or the failure to obtain any particular results from carrying out this program by any party receiving it. Frrrthermore, the owner and operator of the well and the drilling contractor in consideration of the recommendations contained in this suggested program agree to indemnify and save M-I SWACO harmless from all claims and costs for Ioss, damage or rnjury to persor$ or property including, without limitations: zubsurface damage, subsurface tresPass or injury to the well or reservoir altegedly caused by M-I SWACO operations or reliance by anyone upon this Program unless such personal injuries or damage shall be caused by thewillful misconduct or gross negligence of M-I SWACO.
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