Lecture 1 Introduction

Computer Communication & Networks

Engr. Fahad Khan fahad.khan@uettaxila.edu.pk

Whos Who

Instructor
Engr.
2008

Fahad Khan

-2010 MS (Software Engineering) from UET ,Taxila Area of Specialization: Communication & Computer Networks, Software Engineering 2003-2007 BE (Software Engineering) from UET Taxila

Lab Engineer
Engr.

Mirza Ahsan Ullah

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 2

Web Resources

Course web http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/uet/software/co urses.htm This website and email will serve as a communication medium between you and me besides the lecture timing.

Do visit the course website regularly and see Recent Announcements for updates.
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 3

Grading Policy

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

Grading Policy Final Exam Mid Exam Assignments Quizzes Labs 40 20 10 10 20

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 5

FAQs

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

Answers to FAQs

All home works are due at the beginning of the class indicated on the course calendar

After that 10% penalty: only if submitted before solutions are posted.

Exams are closed-book and extremely time limited. Exams consist of design questions, numerical, maybe true-false and short answer questions. More about Exams you can see Past Exams from WEB.
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 7

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

Reading

Text book:

Data Communications and Networking, 4/e

B.A. Forouzan, ISBN 0-07-292354-7.

McGraw-Hill, 2003,

Reference books:

Stallings: Data and Computer Communications (Prentice Hall) 8th Edition Tannenbaum: Computer Networks (Prentice-Hall) 4th edition

9 Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

Required Skills

The course does not assume prior knowledge of networking.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 10

My Requirement from YOU

I require YOU to take active part during lectures

Which means Lot of Questioning in the class (Interactive session)

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 11

Aim of the Course

Aim of the course is to introduce you to the world of computer networks, so that you could
know

the science being used in running this network Use this knowledge in your professional field

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 12

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 13

What is a Network?

In general the network means , a set of objects connected to each other for the sake of some sort of information interchange.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 14

Types of Networks[1]

Electrical Network Computer Network Biological Network Artificial neural Network Social Network Business Network Radio Network Telecommunications Network Satellite Network Television Network Universities Network
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 15

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

16

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

17

Social network

Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision, if you will. Although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities, and high schools, it is most popular online.[2]

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 18

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 19

Radio network

Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience for there information or entertainment.

20 Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

Examples

FM 100 FM 96 FM 105 Radio Pakistan BBC London

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 21

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

22

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

23

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

24

Telecommunications network

From its origins in the military communications networks of the early 1950s, telecommunications technology has evolved substantially. It can now be applied in almost every facet of modern society: banking, reservation systems, office information systems, corporate networks, and the Internet

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 25

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

26

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

27

Satellite Networks

Satellites are the height of modern communications technology. They provide global wide access to information by transmitting radio signals from orbit around the earth. Communication satellites are used in networks by retransmitting signals from a ground base to a large area of the earth.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

28

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

29

Television network

A television network is a network for distribution of television program content, whereby a central operation provides programming to many television stations or pay TV providers to provide information and entertainment to the people.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 30

Examples of TV Networks

Geo TV Haq Tv Hum TV Express TV Al Jazeera CNN Discovery Channel Fox News

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 31

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

32

Computer Network ?

Set of serial lines to attach terminals to mainframe ? Telephone network carrying voice traffic ? Cable network to disseminate video signals ?

Specialized to handle: Keystrokes Voice Video

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 33

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

34

Computer Network

A computer network is a system in which computers are connected to share information and resources. The connection can be done as peer-to-peer or client/server. This web site reviews the techniques you can use to set up and possibly manage a network for home or a small business.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 35

Another Definition

A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information.[1] Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 36

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

37

Communication media

Computer networks can be classified according to the hardware and associated software technology that is used to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as :
Electrical Cable (Homepna, Power Line Communication, G.Hn) Optical fiber Radio waves (wireless lan)

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 38

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

39

Types of Computer Networks

Personal area network Local area network Home network Storage area network Campus network Backbone network Metropolitan area network Wide area network Enterprise private network Virtual private network
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 40

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

41

Personal area network

A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer and different information technological devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are personal computers, printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs, scanners, and even video game consoles. A PAN may include wired and wireless devices. The reach of a PAN typically extends to 10 meters.A wired PAN is usually constructed with USB and Firewire connections while technologies such as Bluetooth and infrared communication typically form a wireless PAN.
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 42

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

43

Local area network

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings. Each computer or device on the network is a node. The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to WANs (Wide Area Networks), include their higher data transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and no need for leased telecommunication lines.
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 44

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

45

Home network

A Home Network is a residential LAN which is used for communication between digital devices typically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computing devices. An important function is the sharing of Internet access, often a broadband service through a cable TV or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) provider.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 46

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

47

Storage area network

A torage rea etwork (SAN) is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block level data storage. SANs are primarily used to make storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical jukeboxes, accessible to servers so that the devices appear like locally attached devices to the operating system. A SAN typically has its own network of storage devices that are generally not accessible through the local area network by other devices.

A N

48 Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

49

Campus Area network

A Campus Area Network is a computer network made up of an interconnection of LANs within a limited geographical area. The networking equipment (switches, routers) and transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5 cabling etc.) are almost entirely owned (by the campus tenant / owner: an enterprise, university, government etc.).

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 50

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

51

Backbone network

A Backbone Network is part of a computer network infrastructure that interconnects various pieces of network, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or over wide areas. Normally, the backbone's capacity is greater than that of the networks connected to it.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 52

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

53

Metropolitan area network

A etropolitan rea etwork (MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet.

A N

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 54

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

55

Wide area network A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer

network that covers a large geographic area such as a city, country, or spans even intercontinental distances, using a communications channel that combines many types of media such as telephone lines, cables, and air waves. A WAN often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 56

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

57

Enterprise private network

An Enterprise Private Network is a network built by an enterprise to interconnect various company sites, e.g., production sites, head offices, remote offices, shops, in order to share computer resources.

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 58

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

59

Virtual private network

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a computer network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network (e.g., the Internet) instead of by physical wires. The data link layer protocols of the virtual network are said to be tunneled through the larger network when this is the case. One common application is secure communications through the public Internet, but a VPN need not have explicit security features, such as authentication or content encryption.
Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 60

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

61

Why not connect each node with every other node ?

Number of computers that can be connected becomes very limited Number of wires coming out of each node becomes unmanageable Amount of physical hardware/devices required becomes very expensiveata forwarding nodes

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 62

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

63

What Goes Wrong in the Network?

Reliability at stake Bit-level errors (electrical interference) Packet-level errors (congestion) distinction between lost and late packet Link and node failures distinction between broken and flaky link distinction between failed and slow node

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 64

What Goes Undesirable in the Network?

Required performance at stake Messages are delayed Messages are delivered out-of-order Third parties eavesdrop The challenge is to fill the gap between application expectations and hardware capabilities

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 65

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

66

Research areas in Networking

Routing Security Ad-hoc networks Wireless networks Protocols Quality of Service

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 67

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

68

References

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network [2] http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com [3]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_n etwork

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan 69

Copy Right 2012@Fahad khan

70