CE 413

Homework Set 9

Problem 3.1: In two-dimensional ow around a cylinder (see Figure 3.3), the discharge between streamlines is 0.01 cfs/ft. At a great distance the streamlines are 0.25 in apart, and at a point near the cylinder they are 0.12 in apart. Calculate the magnitude of the velocity at these two points. Solution: From continuity, cfs/ft = = , where the 1 denotes the point near the cylinder and 2 denotes a point far from the cylinder. Then in terms of this notation, in and in. Now, since , then cfs/ft. Finally

Problem 3.2: A pipeline carries oil, , at m/s through 200-mm-ID pipe. At another section the diameter is 70 mm. Find the velocity at this section and the mass rate of ow in kilograms per second. Solution: Using continuity, incompressible. Thus where in this case mm mm

m/s

The mass ow rate is given by

kg/s

kg/m

mm

9

m mm

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ft

ft/s

  
m/s m/s

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CE 413

Homework Set 9

Problem 3.4: A nozzle with a base diameter of 70 mm and with a 30-mm-diameter tip discharges 10 L/s. Derive an expression for the uid velocity along the axis of the nozzle. Measure the distance along the axis from the plane of the larger diameter. Solution: First, the velocity is given by

along the nozzle axis. Since at , then

in units of meters

Thus,

L/s

Problem 3.5: Consider a cube with 1-m edges parallel to the coordinate axes located in the rst quadrant with one corner at the origin. By using the velocity distribution of

nd the ow through each face and show that no mass is being accumulated within the cube if the uid is of constant density. Solution: For incompressible ow, the analytical expression for continuity is given as or

Thus the given velocity distribution does satisfy conservation of mass, analytically.

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so we need to nd an expression for . Assume that the nozzle diameter varies linearly with mm and at , m, then at any

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CE 413

Homework Set 9

To nd the the ow through a face, we need to nd the velocity distribution on each face which is normal to the face. Since the given velocity distribution is linear, we can nd the normal velocities at the corners, and the velocity distribution will vary linearly between the corners. First list the velocities at each corner, so at point (0,1,1) then

and similarly, at (0,0,0) , , (1,0,0) , , (0,0,1) , , (1,0,1) , , (0,1,0) , , (1,1,0) , , (1,1,1) , , where all of the velocities are in m/s. The are six faces, so starting at the face comprised of corners (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0) and (0,1,1) the normal velocity components at the corners are respectively, thus on this face. Let face 2 be the face with corners at (1,0,0), (1,1,0), (1,0,1) and (1,1,1) where the perpendicular velocities are m/s, respectively. So m m ft /s

Now similarly, the face with corners at (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (1,0,1) and (1,0,0) has no normal velocity making the net ow through the face zero. The face with corners (0,1,0), (0,1,1), (1,1,1) and (1,1,0) has a ow rate given by m

ft /s

The face with corner (0,0,0), (1,0,0), (1,1,0) and (0,1,0) has no normal ow through it, but the face with corners (0,0,1), (0,1,1), (1,1,1) and (1,0,1) has a ow rate given by m

ft /s

Thus the net ow rate through the box is

ft /s

and thus continuity is satised.

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CE 413

Homework Set 9

Problem 3.6: Find the ow (per foot in the -direction) through each side of the square with corners at (0,0), (0,1), (1,1) and (1,0) due to

and show that continuity is satised.

Solution: First check continuity analytically, in this case so that

Now from the given velocity distribution, at (0,0), , ; at (1,0), , ; at (1,1), , and at (0,1), , .

Now using where is the velocity normal to the face with the convention that ow into the volume is positive and ow out of the volume is negative (see class notes).

where from similar triangles

cfs/ft of width

net is in

Thus, for the four faces in total,

in

out

and so continuity is satised.

On face (0,1) to (1,1):

ft/s

ft

cfs/ft of width

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 3 

B D9 H h CU

Thus

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B ! 

On face (0,0) to (0,1): On face (0,0) to (1,0): On face (1,0) to (1,1):

ft/s ft/s ft/s

ft ft

cfs/ft of width cfs/ft of width ft/s

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