LEC-18 Preliminaries

LEC-18 Preliminaries

LEC-18: Dataow Diagrams and Clock Periods

Schedule
wk-01 02 wk-03 04 wk-05 06 wk-06 07 VHDL RTL Design Techniques Functional Verication Performance Analysis and Optimization lec-16 Intro to performance lec-17 Project overview lec-18 Choosing clock period (Sections 4.5??) lec-19 From algorithm to optimized dataow wk-08 09 Timing Analysis wk-09 Power Analysis and Reduction wk-10 11 Faults and Testing wk-11 12 Reliability and Fault Tolerance wk-13 Review

University of Waterloo Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering E&CE 427 Digital Systems Engineering 2004t3Fall

Today: Relate the general performance equations from Lec-15 to dataow diagrams.

LEC-18 Preliminaries

LEC-18:

4.5.1

Dataow Diagrams, CPI, and Clock Speed (Page 215)

Announcements
No tutorial this week Farzads ofce hours for project: Tuesdays 5pm7pm E2-2363

4.5 Performance Analysis and Dataow Diagrams 4.5.1 Dataow Diagrams, CPI, and Clock Speed
One of the challenges in designing a circuit is to choose the clock speed. Choosing a clock period affects many aspects of the design, not just the overall performance. Some goals will push you toward a short clock period Some goals will push you toward a long clock period

LEC-18: Goal

4.5.1

Dataow Diagrams, CPI, and Clock Speed (Page 215) Action Affect

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 7

4.5.2 Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions

Circuit supports two instructions, A and B Each operation occurs 50% of the time. The delay through a register is 5ns. Find clock period and dataow diagram to maximize overall performance. Instruction A Instruction B

Minimize area

Increase exibility

scheduling

f (30ns)

i (40ns)

Decrease percentage of clock cycle spent in ops (overhead time in ops is not doing useful work) Decrease time to execute an instruction

g (50 ns)

g (50 ns)

h (20 ns)

g (50 ns)

LEC-18:

4.5.1

Dataow Diagrams, CPI, and Clock Speed (Page 215)

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 8

Outline to Choose Clock Period

Outline of plan to nd optimal latency and clock period for maximum performance:

4.5.2.1 Scheduling of Operations for Different Clock Periods

1. Start with smallest possible clock period. 2. Allocate operations to clock cycles 3. Calculate average time to execute an instruction. 4. If latency 1, then: increase clock period until reduce latency; return to Step 2. Else (latency = 1): choose clock period and dataow diagram that resulted in highest performance. 5. Optimize dataow diagram to reduce area.

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 9

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 11

Scheduling (1)
55ns Clock Period Instr A Instr B
15 ns 25 ns 15 ns 25 ns

Scheduling (3)

55ns 55ns

f (30ns)

i (40ns)

g (50 ns) h (20 ns)

g (50 ns)

55ns

55ns

g (50 ns)

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 10

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 12

Scheduling (2)
15 ns 25 ns 15 ns 25 ns

4.5.2.2 Performance Computation for Different Clock Periods

Question: Which clock speed will result in the highest overall performance? Tavg

Clock Period CPIA CPIB 55ns 75ns 85ns 95ns 155ns

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 13

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 15

4.5.2.3 Example: Two Instructions Taking Similar Time

4.5.2.4 Example: Same Total Time, Different Order for A

Question: For the ow below, which clock speed will result in the highest overall performance?

B A 30ns 40ns 20ns 50ns 50ns 40ns 50ns

Clock Period CPIA CPIB ns ns ns ns

Tavg

LEC-18:

4.5.2

Examples of Dataow Diagrams for Two Instructions (Page 217) 14

A and B take similar amounts of time (1)

Question: For the ow below, which clock speed will result in the highest overall performance?

B A 30ns 40ns 50ns 50ns 20ns 40ns 50ns

Clock Period CPIA CPIB ns ns ns ns ns ns

Tavg