Flooding v thut ton nh tuyn khuch tn c hng mng cm bin khng dy

Tm tt: S bng pht d liu v s tiu th nng lng ngy cng cao ca thut ton nh tuyn Flooding mng cm bin khng dy WSN (wireless sensor network) ang tr thnh mt vn ng quan tm. ci thin iu ny th k thut nh tuyn flooding c hng (directed flooding routing) da vo vic m s bc nhy ca cc nt cm bin c gii thiu. tnh ton bc nhy cc nt cm bin (node-hop) th bi bo ny, thut ton phn phi c thit k v cc gi d liu c chuyn tip theo iu kin s bc nhy nt ny c xy dng. Vi nhng phng php m kch thc qung b (broadcast: tc l d liu t mt nt c gi n tt c cc nt cn li trong mng) cc gi d liu c th iu khin c th vic nhn cc gi d liu s hiu qu hn bi v ng dn c ti u. Vi mi thut ton th cht lng dch v (QoS Quanlity of Service) ca vic nh tuyn v sc mnh (robustness) ca mng l iu ng quan tm. Vic m phng cc kt qu ch ra rng thut ton nh tuyn flooding c hng vi cc bc nhy nt c th nhn c hiu qu v nng lng trong mng WSN m vn gi c s n gin v s tin cy ca thut ton nh tuyn flooding. mng WSN b gii hn. V vy, khi chng ta thit k mng th tc nh tuyn cho mng WSN th cn phi quan tm n hai yu t l s n gin v s hiu qu, t h c gi thnh ca cc nt, gim c s tiu th nng lng nh tuyn v m rng c thi gian sng (lifetime) ca mng. Flooding l mt th tc nh tuyn d dng. th tc ny, mi nt ch cn qung b (broadcast) thng tin mi nhn c n cc nt hng xm ca n, m khng cn phi nhn bit cu trc lin kt (topology) ca mng v cng khng cn phi phn tch nhiu. Ngoi ra, th tc nh tuyn ny cng ng tin cy. Ngay c khi trong mng c bt k s thay i g, th d liu vn c th c truyn ti nt ch theo kiu trn y (flood) min l c tn ti ng dn t nt ngun n nt ch. Nhng thut ton Flooding tiu tn nhiu nng lng bi v vi mi gi d liu th tt c cc nt trong min qung b (broadcast domain) u nhn c gi v u chuyn tip n n cc nt mng hng xm ca n. Vic thut ton ny i hi mt lng ln cng sut, iu s gy ra vic thi gian sng ca mng (network lifetime) l qu ngn, v nh vy s dn n vic kh khn p dng cc th tc flooding c bn i vi cc mng WSN thc t. ci thin k thut flooding, chng ta cn gim vic truyn d liu khng cn thit. Mun vy th khi truyn gi d liu, chng ta phi ti thiu s lng cc nt khng cn thit tham gia vo trong vic nh tuyn, nh vy gi d liu s c truyn theo cc ng dn hiu qu. Trong bi bo ny, k thut nh tuyn flooding c hng s c xy dng bng cch s dng cc bc nhy nt. Xut pht t vic nt mng gn nt ch hn th c t bc nhy hn, nn khi ta m s bc nhy th vng qung b ca thng tin (broadcast range of

I. Gii thiu
Mng cm bin khng dy (WSN) ngy cng nhn c nhiu s quan tm v nghin cu bi v n c mt s lng ln cc ng dng c s dng trong dn s v qun s. WSN l mt mng ad-hoc c bit, vic truyn d liu t (nhng) nt ngun n nt ch s dng phng thc a bc nhy (multi-hop). Mc ch ca mng WSN l nhn d liu nhng khng yu cu dch v u cui phi c cht lng cao. V l do ny nn nng lng, cng sut tnh ton v khng gian lu tr cc nt trong

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN

the message) c th c iu khin. Khi cu trc lin kt ca mng thay i th s thay i b m bc nhy c th c truy vt, v v tr s khng thay i theo cu trc lin kt mng. Bi bo c t chc nh sau: section 2, chng ta thit k mt thut ton phn phi (distributed algorithm) tnh ton s bc nhy mi nt trong mng WSN. section 3, chng ta nghin cu cch gii hn vic nhn thng tin vi cc bc nhy gi thng tin theo hng n nt ch, do s gim c s lng cc nt tham gia vo qu trnh nhn v chuyn tip thng tin trong khi truyn d liu. ng thi, chng ta cng nghin cu n cht lng ca vic nh tuyn mng v sc mnh nh tuyn. section 4, chng ta thc hin m phng vi ba th tc nh tuyn: thut ton flooding c bn, thut ton khuch tn c hng [11], v thut ton c thit k bi bo ny l flooding c hng. Sau , chng ta s so snh s s dng nng lng ca mng v sc mng ca mng da trn cc kt qu m phng. Cui cng, section 5 kt lun nghin cu ny.

A. Miu t thut ton Chng ta tnh ton c bc nhy ca mi nt bng vic cc nt ch qung b thng tin n tt c cc nt trn mng. Tht ton c m t nh sau: u tin, khi to nhng nt mng. Khi chng ta bt ngun mt nt, s bc nhy ca n s c khi to bng s bc nhy ln nht M hop . Sau , nt ch t s bc nhy ca chnh n bng 0, pht ra mt bn tin c cha cc thng tin v cc bc nhy, t gi tr bc nhy ca n trong bn tin bc nhy v tng gi tr bc nhy ln 1 v qung b bn tin n cc hng xm ca n.

II. Thut ton cc bc nhy

Thut ton thit lp cho knh truyn m chng ta xut trong bi bo ny c thit k cho cc mng hnh li khng dy (wireless mesh network). Mt v d ca vic ny c ch ra trong hnh 1. Nhng mng ny bao gm mng li cc router khng dy tnh v u cui thit b di ng. Router khng dy tnh l dng c c kh nng gom dung lng (nh Access Point) v cung cp mng kt ni vi khch hng di ng, nh laptop v PDAs trong vng bao ph ca n. Trong phn ny ca bi bo, chng ta thit k mt thut ton phn b tnh ton s bc nhy ca nt mng. Bc nhy c lin h vi bc nhy nh nht t nt cm bin n nt ch, v bc nhy ca nt ch (sink node) bng 0.

Figure 1:Qu trnh trn bc nhy ng gi trn nt Thi gian ca bn tin truyn NH: Cc bc nhy NP: c mt thi gian c nh mi nh hn NT bn tin n trong sut thi gian tr

Qu trnh nt cm bin trung gian x l bn tin bc nhy c m t trn s : Khi mt nt

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN

nhn bn tin, n so snh s bc nhy ca chnh n vi s bc nhy trong bn tin. Nu s bc nhy trong bn tin ln hn, n b qua bn tin. Ngc li, s bc nhy m nh hn th n cp nht s bc nhy ca n vi bc nhy trong bn tin. Sau , mt b nh thi cha mt thnh phn c nh v mt thnh phn ngu nhin lin quan n phn phi u (uniform distribution) c thit lp. ( tr s c gii thch phn 2.2). Khi b nh thi c bt u, cc nt thay th gi tr bc nhy trong bn tin bc nhy vi gi tr s bc nhy ca chnh nt cng thm 1, sau chuyn tip bn tin bc nhy theo phng thc qung b. Hnh 1 m t qu trnh ca vic x l bn tin bc nhy. B. Phn tch thut ton Khi qung b bn tin cc bc nhy trong mng WSN vi mt cc nt ln, ta cn phi trnh s xung t bn tin trong lp truy cp phng tin (media access layer). Gii php l khi nt nhn bn tin bc nhy, n s chuyn tip bn tin sau khi i mt khong thi gian ngu nhin no . Gi s ta c mt ng kt ni c tc 1Mbps v bn tin bc nhy c di 20 bytes. Nu nt chuyn tip bn tin bc nhy sau thi gian tr ngu nhin trong khong t 0 n 0.05s, xc sut xung t bn tin gia 2 nt hng xm s gim khong 0.64%. Tng thi gian tr, TD c tnh bi cng thc sau:

sut mt khong thi gian c nh, cc nt c th chn lc c bc nhy nh nht t tt c tp nhng nt hng xm. Nh vy c th chng t rng ch cn 1 khong thi gian c nh rt nh cng c th cho ta kt qu tt. V d xc sut ca cc nt qung b c li v cc bc nhy l khong 5%, ng dng vi thi gian c nh l 0.02s v thi gian ngu nhin trong khong t 0 n 0.05s.

Figure 2: Mi quan h gia thi gian tr v xc xut li bc nhy c gi bi nt

TD

TF

TR

Hm trong hnh 2 cho thy mt cch khi qut mi quan h gia thi gian c nh, thi gian ngu nhin v xc sut ca cc nt chuyn tip c li v s bc nhy. T hnh trn ta c th thy, khi thi gian c nh nhiu hn mt na gi tr ln nht ca thi gian ngu nhin, th cc nt hu nh s khng chuyn tip s bc nhy li. Tuy nhin thi gian thit lp bc nhy ca cc nt mng l cng mt lc, th tr c nh c t nh hn s tt hn. Thi gian c nh ni chung c t bng khong mt na thi gian ngu nhin. Mt cch ngn gn, cc nt tiu th nng lng thp hn do truyn bn tin bc nhy ch mt ln trong thut ton v thi gian ngu nhin dn n vic kh xy ra xung t qung b, cui cng thi gian c nh lm bn tin cc bc nhy pht tn (proliferate) ra

Vi TF l thnh phn c nh, TR l thnh phn ngu nhin. Thnh phn c nh c th bo m bn tin bc nhy pht tn t nt ch tng bc mt. Bng cch ny, cc nt s chuyn tip ng cc bc nhy, bi v trong

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN

ngoi t nt ch da trn nguyn tc ca tri rng trc (breadth-first). Tp hp ca 3 yu t trn s lm cho thut ton thu c nhng kt qu tt, v duy tr bc nhy chnh xc ca cc nt trong mng.

nhy s c refresh. iu ny dn n vic loi tr cc nt li t mng m bo nh tuyn mnh m. Ti nt ch, chng ta t mt b nh thi refresh cc bc nhy trong mi khong thi gian T. Cc nt ch c th thit lp li T. Trong giai on u ca mng, tnh trng nng lng ca cc nt l tt, do T c th c gi tr ln. giai on sau, nng lng ca cc nt s b cn kit, T s cn c gi tr nh hn lm tng tn sut refresh cc bc nhy. D nhin chng ta khng loi tr kh nng cc nt b li ngay trong khong thi gian gia 2 ln refresh, vic dn n li nh tuyn. Trong trng hp ny, chng ta s xy dng chin lc lm cho nt ch refresh c bc nhy trc khi kch hot b nh thi. iu ny s lm tng sc mnh nh tuyn. Tuy nhin, mt nh tuyn mnh hn li lm tng nng lng ca mng. B. Truyn d liu c iu kin Bng cch refreshing nhng bc nhy, tt c cc nt c th nhn ng s bc nhy ca n. V iu kin refreshing c th c to ra bng cch so snh gia s lng cc bc nhy. Trong d liu chng ta thm hai trng mt trng l s bc nhy ca nt ngun v mt trng l s bc nhy chuyn tp. Nhng nt m nhn c d liu s so snh s lng bc nhy ca chnh n vi s bc nhy trong d liu t s quyt nh c truyn d liu ny hay khng. Nu trong ng truyn c iu kin ta s cp nht s lng bc nhy ca cc nt chuyn tip cha trong d liu vi s lng bc nhy ca chnh n v truyn d liu. iu kin ca s so snh c th l: s lng bc nhy nh hn s lng bc nhy ca nt

III.

K thut flooding c hng

Trong k thut flooding c bn, tt c cc nt s chuyn tip d liu mi mt cch v iu kin trn cc knh truyn b. Khi mt nt nhn c d liu, d liu s c gi n tt c cc nt trong mng. y l l do chnh dn n vic tiu th nng lng ng k. K thut flooding c hng yu cu cc nt gi cc d liu c iu kin. Ch c cc cc bn tin nm trn ng truyn c iu kin mi c th c truyn i. Trong k thut flooding c hng, qu trnh cc nt x l thng tin c biu th nh trong hnh 3. Trong mi phn ny, chng ta s gii thiu ni dung c bn ca k thut flooding c hng da trn cc bc nhy.

A. Refresh cc bc nhy Chng ta t cc bc nhy ca tt c cc nt trong mng trong thut ton bc nhy c trnh by trc . Trong cc hot ng ca mng, mt s nt c th l khng hp l, cc nt ny s l nguyn nhn thay i gi tr bc nhy ca mt s nt hp l. Lc ny, bc

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN

chuyn tip. S lng bc nhy nh hn hoc bng s lng bc nhy ca nt chuyn tip. S lng bc nhy nh hn s bc nhy ca nt ngun v s lng bc nhy ca nt khng c yu cu. Cch tip cn u tin l cch tip cn t hiu qu v nng lng v cch tip cn cui cng l hng ti thut ton flooding. C bn v la chn s da vo iu kin no c th d dng thit lp bi nt ngun trong d liu. Bng cch ny, nt ngun c th t chn cht lng dch v nh tuyn s lng. iu kin truyn cng chnh xc th s lng nt tham gia vo qu trnh chuyn tip trong mng cng phi t i, nh vy nng lng trong mng s c s dng cng hiu qu hn hnh 4 biu th mt cu trc mng oen gin vi cc nt mu xm biu th nhng nt truyn d liu trong qu trnh truyn T hnh 4 ta c th thy cc iu kin chuyn tip khc nhau s dn n cc mc chuyn tip d liu khc nhau. Nh vy nt ngun c th thit lp iu kin chuyn tip khc nhau theo mc khn cp ca d liu. i vi d liu thng thng, iu kin chuyn tip d liu ca hnh 4a l nng lng c s dng hiu qu nht. Nhng vi nhng d liu yu cu thi gian thc cao m bo d liu n c nt ch trong thi gian ngn nht v ng tin cy nht ta s dng iu kin truyn d liu hnh 4d. Vi iu kin cht lng dch v c m bo, iu kin truyn d liu hnh 4d a ng c iu kin chuyn tip ca k thut nh tuyn flooding c hng. thc hin k thut flooding nh hng th im chnh l s dng cc nt nhy ny trn giao thc flooding n gin v tin cy lm gim s lng d liu cn phi chuyn tip theo iu kin chuyn tip d liu. Trong phn m phng di y, chng ta s m phng

thut ton flooding nh hng v so snh hiu nng ca thut ton ny v thut ton flooding c bn v khuch tn c hng.

HSC: s bc nhy ca nt ngun HFW: s bc nhy ca nt chuyn tip d liu HCR: s bc nhy ca nt hin ti Hnh 4: Minh ha cc iu kin gi tip d liu trong thut ton flooding c hng

IV.

M phng

Chng ta thc hin thut ton flooding c hng xut trn vi b m phng NS-2 v s dng b m phng ny tin hnh m phng. u tin, chng ta thit k thut ton flooding c hng da trn cc bc nhy nt mng; sau ta m phng cc th tc nh tuyn khc nhau; v cui cng l phn tch kt qu ca m phng. Kt qu phn tch bao gm 3 kha cnh: chnh xc ca vic tnh ton cc bc nhy, mc tiu th nng lng ca mng v sc mnh ca mng. Chng ta s dng cc mng cm bin c kch thc khc nhau m phng. 50 nt mng c t ngu nhin trn mt trng m phng vi chiu di v chiu rng u l 800 m. Bn knh

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN

truyn thng ca nt mng cm bin l 250m (chng ta chp nhn bn knh giao tip mc nh l 250m theo chun 802.11, n c th ln hn mt cht i vi mng WSN nhng khng nh hng n vic m phng). Nhng trng khc c tng qut ha bi kch thc hnh vung v bi vic duy tr vng sng v tuyn, thng thng l gi xp x trung bnh mt ca cc nt mng cm bin khng thay i. Trong m phng, tc ca lp lin kt d liu l 1M/S, cng sut truyn ca cc nt l 0.66W/S, cng sut nhn l 0.395W/S. cho vic phn tch mc tiu th nng lng trn ng truyn d liu d dng, chng ta s t cng sut ca nt mng ch ng - im lng (idle) bng 0. A. So snh s tiu th nng lng trong mng Vi nm kch thc khc nhau ca mng cm bin c s lng nt mng tng dn t 50 n 250 nt, nt ngun v nt nhn tng ng c t cc v tr u cui ca mng, nh vy s m bo c cc gi d liu truyn i cn phi nhy nhiu bc; cn cc nt khc khng phi nt ngun v nt ch th s c t ngu nhin. Thi gian m phng l 100 giy v nt ngun c mi 0.5 giy th to ra mt gi d liu c kch thc 64 byte. Khi m phng s tiu th nng lng th nng lng c cung cp y . Chng ta m phng 3 phng php nh tuyn: mt l giao thc flooding c bn; hai l giao thc flooding c hng, trong chng ta chp nhn cc iu kin chuyn tip d liu hnh 4(a); giao thc cui cng l giao thc nh tuyn khuch tn c hng, n l giao thc c hiu qu hn trong mng cm bin khng dy. Tc ca gi d liu cn qung b c nh hng ln n cng sut tiu th trong mng, v chng ta cng thit lp tc lm ti (refresh) gi d

liu cn qung b ny ging nh cc bc nhy gi d liu flooding c hng, v vy s so snh 2 phng php trn l mt s so snh cng bng. Kt qu m phng c biu th trong hnh 5.

Hnh 5a: So snh s gi d liu c chuyn tip

Hnh 5b: So snh mc tiu th nng lng Hnh 5(a) l so snh s gi d liu gi. Chng ta c th thy l so snh vi thut ton flooding c bn th thut ton flooding c hng, s gi d liu chuyn tip gim ng k v gn bng vi thut ton khuch tn c hng. K thut khuch tn c hng nhn chung l truyn d liu theo mt ng, trong khi flooding c hng vn l truyn a ng khi ta qung b

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN

d liu. Do , s ln chuyn tip khi s dng flooding c hng ln hn mt cht so vi khuch tn c hng. Trong iu kin chng ta t cng sut ca nt mng ch ng l 0 th nng lng tiu th ca mng bao gm 2 phn. Phn mt l nng lng tiu th khi gi tin nhn v phn cn li l khi nhn bn tin. Trong qu trnh truyn thng khng dy, vic gi bn tin chc chn l gi n tt c cc nt hng xm v cc nt hng xm s nhn bn tin, v th vi iu kin mt nt ging nhau v kch thc gi d liu, s lng bn tin c gi s quyt nh tng nng lng tiu th. T hnh 5(b) chng ta c th thy rng s so snh mc tiu th nng lng s tng ng vi s lng gi d liu c chuyn tip. K thut nh tuyn flooding c hng c mc tiu th nng lng gim ng k, v c bn l t n mc tiu th nng lng ca k thut khuch tn c hng. B. Nghin cu v sc mng ca mng tin hnh m phng sc mnh ca mng, chng ti lm hng mt nt trung gian ch trong mt khong thi gian m phng nht nh, ng thi chng ti cng lm hng 20% s nt trung gian trn tng s nt mng. V du trong mt ln m phng c 50 nt mng th chng ta s lm hng 10 nt, v c 10s c 1 nt s khng lm vic mt cch ngu nhin. Nt ngun gi cc gi d liu cch nhau 0.5s, v vy nt ch s nhn c 200 gi d liu trong vng 100s m phng. Sau khi m phng, chng ta tnh ton sc mnh ca mng bng cch so snh s lng gi tin nhn dc nt ch. Hnh 6 th hin s so snh kt qu m phng.

Hnh 6: So snh v sc mnh ca h thng mng T hnh 6 ta c th nhn thy l kt qu nhn cc gi d liu ca thut ton flooding c bn l tt nht (nhng thnh thong s lng gi d liu nhn c t hn 200 gi, iu ny l do s xung t cc gi tin xy ra trong qu trnh qung b d liu). Thut ton flooding c hng c s lng gi d liu nhn c tng t nh flooding c bn, v thp nht l thut ton khuch tn c hng. Vic nhn cc gi tin ca thut ton khuch tn c hng c kt qu xu nh vy l do n khng tin hnh sa li ng dn khi c nt mng b hng. Kt qu m phng ch ra rng thut ton flooding c hng vn duy tr c sc mnh ca mng ging nh thut ton flooding c bn, iu ny c c l do flooding c hng vn l truyn theo kiu a ng (multi-path) v refresh kp thi s lng cc bc nhy. C. Vn khc Khi chng ta thit k mt giao thc nh tuyn trong mng WSN, chng ta cng cn phi quan tm n tr trong mng, mc tiu th nng lng cc nt l c ging nhau hay khng, v.v Thut ton flooding c hng da trn cc bc nhy v n vn gi d liu

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN

theo kiu qung b. V vy vi mt mng c mt nt cao th chng ta cn lm tr gi d liu, nh vy s dn n vic tr ca thut ton flooding c hng s nhiu hn thut ton khuch tn c hng. Nhng tr ch nh hng t n hiu nng mng. Cng sut tiu th ca cc nt l khng trung bnh. y l vn ph bin ca cc giao thc nh tuyn trong mng WSN. Cc nt mng m cng gn nt ch th n s tiu th cng nhiu nng lng, v do s nhanh cht hn cc nt khc, iu s nh hng n thi gian sng ca mng. trong m phng, chng ta thy rng nu chng ta s dng giao thc lp MAC ch khng ng (non-sleep), v khi tc d liu l rt chm th s tiu th nng lng ca mng ch yu l do tiu tn nng lng khi cc nt im lng (idle); v khi ta c th coi mc tiu th nng lng cc nt mng v c bn l trung bnh, nhng y ch l mt trng hp c bit. Lm th no cn bng c mc tiu th nng lng ca cc nt trong mng l hng pht trin tip theo ca nghin cu ny.

Tham kho
[1] George Lukachan and Miguel A.brador.SELAR: Scalable EnergyEfficient Location Aided Routing Protocol for Wireless SensorNetworks[A].In proceedings of IEEE LCN Workshop on Wireless Local Networks(WLN)[M]. Tamper, 2004.694-695. [2] Young-Bae Ko, Jong-Mu Choi, and Jai-Hoon Kim. A new directional flooding protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. LNCS(ICON04),2004,3090:93-102. [3] NS-2 Network Simulator. http://www.isi.edu.cn/nsnam/ns 4] S.Hedetniemi, S.Hedetniemi, and A.Liestman. A survey of gossiping and broadcasting in communication Networks[J]. Networks,1988,18:319-349. [5] S.-Y.Ni, Y.-C.Tseng, Y.-S.Chen, and J.-P.Sheu. The broadcast storm problem in a mobile Ad Hoc network[A]. In proceedings of ACM Mobicom99[M].Seattle:ACM Press,1999.151-162. [6] V.K. Paruchuri, A. Durresi, D. S. Dash, and R. Jain. Optimal flooding protocol for routing in Ad Hoc networks[A]. In proceedings of IEEE WCNC03[M].New Orleans,2003. [7] H.-J. Lim and C.-K. Kim. Multicast Tree Construction and flooding in wireless Ad Hoc networks[A]. In proceedings of ACM MSWIM[M].Boston,2000.61-68. 8] W.Liang. Constructing minimum-energy broadcast trees in wireless Ad Hoc networks[A]. In proceedings of ACM Mobihoc02[M].Lausanne,2002.112-123.. [9] S.Hedetniemi, S.Hedetniemi, and A.Liestman. A survey of gossiping and broadcasting in communication networks[J]. Networks, 1988,18(4):319-359. [10] Ma Z C, Sun Y N. Research on routing protocol of a large wireless sensors network [J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2004,40(11):165-167. [11] Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin, John Heidemann, Fabio Silva. Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2003,11(1):2-16.

V. Kt lun
bi bo ny, chng ta thit k k thut flooding c hng vi nhng bc nhy nt mng. Th tc ny truyn d liu mt cch c hng da vo vic s dng thng tin v cc bc nhy nt mng, v iu khin kch thc ca thng tin qung b bng cch s dng cc iu kin chuyn tip khc nhau, v m bo sc mnh ca mng bng cch refesh s lng bc nhy ca cc nt mng. M phng cng ch ra rng thut ton nh tuyn flooding c hng vi cc bc nhy nt mng c th t c hiu nng nh tuyn tt v nng lng hiu qu trong mng WSN m vn gi c s n gin v tin cy ca thut ton nh tuyn flooding.

T Vn Bin- Phm Th Hu- Bi L Phng Linh- Trn Ngc Huyn- Nguyn Th Hng K18KTT-HCN