Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Vectors and Relative Velocity

1. Notations to represent unit vectors along the x-axis and y-axis There are two notations to represent unit vectors in the positive direction of the x-axis (eastbound) and y-axis (northbound): Description Eastbound vector of length 1 Northbound vector of length 1 Notation: i-j i j Notation: Column vector ! 1$ # 0& " %

! 0$ # 1& " %

Example 1.1 (a) The vector 2i + 3j represents a vector travelling 2 units east and 3 units north. (b) The vector 2i 3j represents a vector travelling 2 units east and 3 units south. " !2% (c) The vector $ ' represents a vector travelling 2 units west and 3 units south. # !3&

Result 1.2: To calculate the bearing of a vector written in i-j or column vector notation, we first represent the vector on a diagram and apply trigonometry a right-angled triangle.

Exercise 1.3 Represent the following vectors on the same diagram. Hence or otherwise, calculate the bearing of these vectors: (a) 2i + 2j (b)

" 1% $ !2' # &

!2i ! 3j

(c)

(d)

" 2 % $ ' # ! 3&

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

2. M agnitude and Converting vectors to unit vectors

! a$ The magnitude or length of vector v = # & is (via Pythagoras Theorem): " b%

v = a2 + b2 .

Recall: A unit vector is a vector with magnitude 1 unit. All non-zero vectors can be converted to a unit vector, as shown in the example below: Example 2.1 (a) Calculate the length of the vector v = 3i + 4j. (b) Hence write down a unit vector in the same direction as v.

! Result 2.2: Formula to find a unit vector v in the same direction as v is

! v= 1 v . v

Exercise 2.3 Given that a = 3i 4j, find the vectors b and c given that: (a) Vector b is a unit vector in the same direction as a (b) Vector c is a vector of magnitude 10 in the opposite direction of a.

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Result 2.4: Given the bearing of a vector and its magnitude, we can find the vector in i-j or column vector notation, by first drawing a right-angled triangle and applying trigonometry. Exercise 2.5 Express the following vectors in the form ai + bj: (a) Vector p, which has a bearing of 030 and a magnitude of 10 (b) Vector q, which has a bearing of 120 and a magnitude of 15 (c) Vector r, which is travelling southwest and has a magnitude of 18 (d) Vector s, which is travelling northwest and has a magnitude of 20.

3. Vectors, Position, and Distances We can represent the position of particles using vectors, and calculate distances between them. Example 3.1

! 1$ " !2% The position vectors of particles A and B are given by # & and $ ' respectively. " 7% # !5& !!! " (a) Find the vector AB . (b) Hence find the distance between A and B.

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

!!! " !!! " Result 3.2: To find the distance between A and B, first find AB and then find AB .
Exercise 3.3 To an observer at position 2i 3j, a boat appears to be 5i + 9j units away. (a) Find the distance between the observer and the boat. (b) Find the position of the boat.

4. Vectors, Velocity and Speeds

! a$ Definition 4.1: Speed is the magnitude of velocity, i.e. if velocity v = # & , then: " b%
Speed, v = a 2 + b 2

Recall The velocity of A relative to B is given by v A / B = v A ! v B Example 4.2

! 3$ A boy jogs with velocity vector represented by # & while a girl jogs with velocity vector represented by " 4% " !1% $ !3' . # &
(a) (b) (c) Who is jogging at a faster speed, and by how much? Find the relative velocity of the boy relative to the girl. Hence find the speed of the boy relative to the girl, and the bearing of this relative velocity.

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

! a$ Result 4.3: If a particle is traveling in the same direction as # & , then its velocity vector is given by " b% ! a$ k # & , where k is a constant to be found. " b%
Exercise 4.4 A ship travels in the direction i + 9j. Given that its speed is 20 km/h, find the velocity vector of the ship.

5. Vectors, Displacement and Velocities

! a$ ! c$ Result 5.1: Suppose a particle has displacement given by s = # & + t # & at time t, where a, b, c and " b% "d% d are constants. Then: ! a$ (a) The particles initial displacement is at # & " b%
(b) The particles velocity is v =

! c$ d s =# & dt "d%

()

(c) The particles speed is given by v = c 2 + d 2

Exercise 5.2 A particle has displacement given by s = (1 4t)i + (2 + 3t)j. (a) Find its initial distance away from the origin. (b) Find the direction in which it is travelling and its speed.

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Exercise 5.3 A particle travels in the direction 3i 4j with a speed of 15 cm/s. (a) Find the velocity vector of the particle. (b) Given that its initial position is 2i + 4j, find its displacement at time t.

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

6. Vectors and Relative Velocity

Result 6.1 Two methods to find the time for a particle to collide (or intercept) another particle: (a) Method 1: Use the fact that both positions at time t are equal at time of collision (b) Method 2: Use the fact that position of B relative to A is 0 at time at collision, i.e. !!! " t v B / A = BA

( )

initial

Exercise 6.1

" !8 + 4t % " 2 + 2t % Object A is at position $ ' and object B at $ !7 + 5t ' , where t is time measured in minutes. All # 3 + 3t & # & distances are measured in metres. (a) Find the initial distance between A and B. (b) Find the time when A and B are 10 metres apart. (c) Find the velocity of B relative to A. (d) Determine if A and B will collide, and if yes, the time of collision.

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Exercise 6.2 A plane flies from A to B. The velocity in still air of the plane is (250i 40j) km/h and there is a constant wind blowing with velocity (40i 60j) km/h. Find: (a) The bearing of B from A (b) The time of flight, given that the distance AB is 250 km.

Exercise 6.3

!!!" ! 900$ A plane flies from A to B, where PQ = # km . A constant wind blows northwest with speed " 300& %
50 kmh!1 .

! a$ (a) Find the velocity of the wind, giving your answer in the form # & kmh'1 . " b%
Given that the plane takes 3.5 hours to travel from A to B, find:

! a$ (b) The velocity, in still air, of the plane, giving your answer in the form # & kmh'1 , " b% (c) The bearing, to the nearest degree, on which the plane must be directed.

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Relative Velocity
True Velocity and Relative Velocity Consider an athlete A jogging along a straight road at a speed of 2 ms!1 due east.

We can represent the velocity of athlete A as v A . This velocity is relative to the earth and is known as the true (or actual) velocity. Similarly v C is the true velocity of a cyclist who travels at a speed of 20 kmh!1 due west.

The velocity of a moving object P relative to the earth is known as the true (or actual) velocity and is denoted by v P . Suppose that P and Q are two fixed points on the earth and athlete A jogs from P to Q in 30 minutes. The true distance from P to Q is:

PQ = v At = 2 30 ! 60 =3 600 m
Relative velocity Consider two men P and Q running due east at velocities of 3 ms!1 and 2 ms!1 respectively. Q is initially ahead of P.

Intuitively, we observe that:

To the man Q, the man P appears to move at a speed of 1ms!1 towards man Q, i.e. due east. We call
this the velocity of P relative to Q, v P / Q . This velocity is also known as a relative velocity.

We can use relative velocity to find the distance between the two "running men. Suppose man Q is !!!
initially 20 m due east of man P. Observe that v P / Q is parallel to PQ . Then the time that man P needs to overtake man Q is:

Initial distance between P and Q v P /Q

We also observe that:

20 = 20 s 1

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

To the man P, the man Q appears at a speed of 1 ms!1 due west towards P. We call this the velocity of Q
relative to P, vQ / P .

The velocity of a moving object P relative to another moving object Q is known as apparent velocity
and is denoted v P / Q .

v P /Q = v P ! v Q v P / Q = !v Q / P If v P / Q is parallel to PQ , then:
Time taken for P and Q to meet = Initial distance between P and Q v P /Q !!!"

Note

v P / Q is a vector quantity, i.e. it has magnitude and direction.

Addition and subtraction of vectors is done using the triangle or parallelogram law. Example 1.1 A and B are two fixed points on a straight path and the distance apart is 30m. A man P jogs from A to B at a speed of 3 ms!1 . Another man Q jogs from B at a speed of 2 ms!1 in the opposite direction. Find (a) the velocity of P relative to Q, (b) the time taken for P and Q to pass each other.

Solution (a) Using v P / Q = v P ! v Q , velocity of P relative to Q = 3 ! !2 = 5 ms!1 .

( )

(b)

!!!" 30 =6s Since v P / Q is parallel to PQ , time taken = 5

10

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Exercise 1.2 A straight horizontal moving walkway travels at 1.5 ms!1 in a direction from a fixed point A towards another fixed point B. A man on the moving walkway is walking at a speed of 1ms!1 from A to B. Write down (a) the velocity of the man relative to the walkway, (b) the true velocity of the man. Solution (a)
!1 Velocity of man relative to walkway, v M / W = 1 ms , in the direction from A to B.

(b)

!1 Since v M / W = v M ! v W , true velocity of man = v M / W + v W = 1+ 1.5 = 2.5 ms

Example 1.3 A river is flowing at a speed of 3 ms!1 due east. A boat, whose speed in still water is 5 ms!1 , is moving upstream. Find the true speed and the actual direction of motion of the boat. Solution Note that velocity of boat relative to the water is the same as its velocity in still water. Since v B / W = v B ! v W , v B = v B / W + v W . Then, true speed of boat is 2 ms!1 and direction of motion is due west.

Exercise 1.4
11

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

In an airport, a straight horizontal moving walkway travels at 0.8 ms!1 i the direction from the fixed point A towards the fixed point B. A passenger P walks from A to B on the moving walkway at a speed of 1ms!1 relative to the walkway. At the same instance, another passenger Q walks from B to A on a fixed horizontal ground alongside the walkway, at a speed of 1.2 ms!1 . Calculate (a) the velocity of P, (b) the speed of P relative to Q. The distance A B is 120 m. Suppose P and Q pass each other after t seconds, find the value of t. Solution

Practice Set 1
12

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

1.

A and B are two fixed points on a straight path and the distance apart is 110 m. A boy P runs from A at a speed of 2.5 ms!1 towards the point B. A girl Q runs from B at a speed of 3 ms!1 in the opposite direction. Find (a) the velocity of P relative to Q, (b) the time taken for P to meet Q and the distance travelled by P. A straight horizontal moving walkway travels at 1.2 ms!1 in a direction from the fixed point A towards the fixed point B. A man P walks from A to B on the moving walkway at a speed of 1.3 ms!1 . Write down (a) the velocity of the man relative to the walkway, (b) the true velocity of the man.

2.

3.

A river is flowing at a speed of 3 ms!1 due east. A boat, whose speed in still water is 5 ms!1 , is moving upstream. Find the true speed and direction of motion of the boat. At a certain instant, the river is flowing at a slower speed of 2 ms!1 . Find the true speed of the boat at that instant. In an international airport, a straight horizontal moving walkway is designed to travel at 0.8 ms!1 in a direction from the fixed point A towards the fixed point B. A passenger P walks from A to B on the moving walkway at a speed of 1.2 ms!1 relative to the walkway. At the same instant, another passenger Q walks from A to B, on a fixed horizontal ground alongside the walkway at a speed of 1.5 ms!1 . Calculate (a) the velocity of P, (b) the speed of P relative to Q. The distance A B is 120 m. Find the distance between P and Q at the instant when P reaches B.

4.

5.

A straight horizontal moving walkway travels at 2 ms!1 in a direction from the fixed point A towards the fixed point B. A man P walks from A to B on the moving walkway at a speed of 1.5 ms!1 relative to the walkway. Another man Q walks from B to A, on a fixed horizontal ground alongside the walkway, at a speed of 1.6 ms!1 . Calculate the speed of P relative to Q. The distance A B is 200 m and P and Q pass each other at a point halfway between A and B. Find the time between Qs departure from B and Ps departure from A .

6.

A car A and a van B are moving in the same direction on a straight road. Car A is travelling at 12 ms!1 and van B is travelling at 8 ms!1 . Write down the velocity of B relative to A . Hence find the time taken from the instant when A and B are at a distance 200 m apart to the instant when A catches up with B.

Answers to Practice Set 1 1. (a) v P / Q = 5.5 ms!1 (b) 20 s, 40 m (???) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

!1 (a) 1.3ms (b) 2.5 ms!1

2 ms!1 upstream, 3 ms!1 downstream (???)

(a) 2 ms!1 (b) 0.5 ms!1 , 30 m

5.1 ms!1 , 33.9 s 4 ms!1 , 50 s

13

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Relative Motion in a Current River crossing problems: Apply triangle or parallelogram law if necessary Example 2.1 A river is flowing at 3 ms!1 due east. A boat, of speed 4 ms!1 in still water, is steered in the direction due north. Find the true speed and direction of motion of the boat. Solution Let B denote the boat and W the water.

v W = 3 ms!1 east and v B / W = 4 ms!1 north.

Using v B = v B / W + v W , we find that:

v B = 3 2 + 4 2 = 5 ms!1 " 4% Angle between boat and stream is tan!1 $ ' = 53.1 . # 3&
Thus, the true speed of the boat is 5 ms!1 and it travels upstream making an angle 53.1 with the bank.

For an object P moving in the water, the course taken by P is the direction of v P / W , the velocity of P relative to W in the water.

Perpendicular components of a velocity

!1 In the above example, v B = 5 ms can be resolved into two perpendicular components, one in the horizontal direction (which is in the direction of the current) and the other in the vertical direction (which enables the boat to cross the river).

14

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

The vertical component 4 ms!1 enables the boat to cross the river. If the width of the river is 32 m, then the time taken to cross the river is

32 =8s. 4

The horizontal component of 3 ms!1 along the bank enables the boat to move downstream from the point of crossing. When the boat reaches the other bank of the river, it will reach a point C which is 3 ! 8 = 24 m downstream. Exercise 2.2 A boy who swims at 1ms!1 in still water wishes to cross a river 20 m wide. The river is flowing between straight parallel banks at 1.5 ms!1 . He heads upstream in a direction making an angle of 60 with the bank. Find (a) the speed at which he travels, (b) the angle which his resultant velocity makes with the bank, (c) the time taken for the crossing, to the nearest second.

Exercise 2.3 The diagram shows a river, 80 m wide, flowing at speed of 3.6 ms!1 between straight parallel banks. At boat crosses the river from a point A on one bank to a point B on the opposite bank, 60 m downstream. The speed of the boat in still water is 4 ms!1 . In order to travel directly from point A to B, the boat is steered in a direction making an angle ! to the bank as shown. Find (a) the value of ! , (b) the resultant speed of the boat, (c) the time taken for the crossing, to the nearest second.
15

2 1

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Graphical method

In the above examples, we use the calculation method to find the unknown speeds and directions with the aid of a rough sketch for each velocity diagram. However, if the question allows (or B -1 requires), we can construct a velocity diagram to 3.6ms 3ms-1 scale on graph paper and measure the unknown speeds and directions. This method is more convenient 3 than the calculation method v for problems involving more computations.
B

4 m

Motion of aircraft in the air Example 2.4 The speed of a commercial aircraft in still air is 300 kmh!1 . The wind velocity is 80 kmh!1 from the west. The aircraft is steered on course in the direction 060 . Find the true velocity of the aircraft. Solution Let A denote the aircraft and W the wind.

v A / W = 300 kmh!1 and v W = 80 kmh!1

Apply v A = v A / W + v W to draw a velocity diagram as shown:

60 m

4 ms-1

2
Using Cosine Rule, true speed is:

80 m

v A = 300 2 + 80 2 ! 2 300 80 cos150 = 371 kmh!1

Using Sine Rule:

)( )

sin ! " 60

80 371 ! " 60 = 6.2 ! = 66.2

) = sin (150)

The true velocity of the aircraft is 371kmh!1 and the bearing is 066.2 .
16

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

For any object P moving in the air the speed of P in still air is v P / W the course taken by P is the direction of v P / W , where v P / W is the velocity of P relative to the wind. Exercise 2.5 An aircraft flies due north from A to B, where A B = 252 km. The wind is blowing from the direction 040 at 85 kmh!1 . The speed of the aircraft in still air is 350 kmh!1 and the pilot sets the course on the bearing ! , where ! is acute. Find (a) the value of ! (b) the time taken in minutes for the journey from A to B. Solution

Exercise 2.6 (a) In a wind blowing at 3 ms!1 from the direction 060 , a cyclist travels due west at 4.5 ms!1 . Find the velocity of the wind relative to the cyclist. (b) A boat travels due north at a speed of 20 kmh!1 . To the man in the boat, the wind appears to blow at

10 kmh!1 from the bearing 030 . Find the actual velocity of the wind.
Solution

Practice Set 2 1. A river is flowing at 4 ms!1 due south. A boat, whose speed in still water is 3 ms!1 , is steered in the direction due east. Find the true speed and direction of the motion of the boat. A river is flowing at 3 ms!1 due east. A speedboat, whose speed in still water is 5 ms!1 , is steered in the direction on a bearing of 330 . Find the resultant velocity of the speedboat. A river is flowing at a speed of 2.5 ms!1 due east. A boat, whose speed in still water is 6 ms!1 , is steered in the direction due north. Find the true velocity of the boat.

2.

3.

17

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

4.

A soldier who swims at 1.2 ms!1 in still water wishes to cross a river 20 m wide. The water is flowing between straight parallel banks at 1.8 ms!1 . He swims upstream in a direction making an angle of 70 with the bank. Find (a) the resultant velocity (b) the time taken for the crossing, to the nearest second.

5.

The speed of an aircraft in still air is 300 kmh!1 . The wind velocity is 60 kmh!1 from the east. The aircraft is steered on the course in the direction 060 . Find the true velocity of the aircraft. An aircraft flies due east from A to B, where A B = 200 km. The wind is blowing from the direction 030 at 60 kmh!1 . The speed of the aircraft in still air is 300 kmh!1 and the pilot sets the course on the bearing ! . Find (a) the value of ! (b) the time taken, in minutes, for the journey from A to B. An aircraft is flying due south at 350 kmh!1 . The wind is blowing at 70 kmh!1 from the direction ! ,
! where ! is acute. Given that the pilot is steering the aircraft in the direction 170 , find (a) the value of ! , (b) the speed of the aircraft in still air.

6.

7.

8.

A man who swims at 1.2 ms!1 in still water wishes to cross a river which is flowing between straight parallel banks at 2 ms!1 . He aims downstream in a direction making an angle 60 with the bank. Find (a) the speed at which he travels, (b) the angle which his resultant velocity makes with the bank.

Answers to Practice Set 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

5 ms!1 in the direction 143.1 4.36 ms!1 on the bearing 006.6 6.5 ms!1 , makes an angle 67.4 (downstream) with the bank
(a) 1.8 ms!1 , makes an angle 40 (downstream) with the bank (b) 18 s

250 kmh!1 on the bearing 053.1 ! = 300, 48 s (???) (a) 50.3 (b) 313 kmh!1 (???)
(a) 2.8 ms!1 (b) 21.8

Relative Motion of Two Moving Objects

18

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

For two objects P and Q moving with velocity v P and v Q respectively, we can apply the same relative velocity equation:

v P = v P /Q + v Q
Apparent (relative) path Example 3.1 At a particular instant, two ships P and Q are 5 km apart and move with constant speeds and directions as shown. Find (a) the speed and direction of P relative to Q, (b) the distance apart, in metres, when P is due south of Q.

300kmh-1 A 8 0

Solution (a) Using v P = v P / Q + v Q :

v P /Q = v P ! v Q v P / Q = 8 2 + 10 2 = 12.8 kmh!1
To find direction of this relative velocity:

# 8& ! = tan"1 % ( = 38.7 $ 10 ' Thus, motion of P relative to Q is in the direction 060 + ! = 098.7 .
(b) The path of the motion of P relative to Q (observer) is shown in the diagram below:

30o

5 km 10 kmh-1 P

60o

When the ship P is due south of Q, the distance apart is: d = 5 tan 8.7 = 765 m

In the above example, the path of P observed by Q is known as the apparent path and the velocity v P / Q is in the direction of the motion of P along the path. Interception
19

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

Example 3.2 At an instant, two cyclists A and B are 120 m apart with B due east of A . Cyclist A is travelling at 3 ms!1 in a direction 030 and cyclist B is travelling at 3.8 ms!1 in a direction ! . Find (a) the value of ! for which the cyclist B should travel in order to intercept cyclist A , (b) the time taken for the interception to occur. Assuming that cyclist A is travelling at a speed of 4 ms!1 in the same direction and the speed of cyclist B remains unchanged, show that there are two possible directions in which B should travel in order to intercept A . Indicate the direction in which B should travel in order to intercept A as quickly as possible. Solution (a) For interception, B appears to move towards A as shown:

8 kmh-1 Q
We draw a velocity diagram as shown:

P Q

Path of P relative to Q 8.7

o

60o

v PQ

sin! sin 60 = 3 3.8 sin! = 0.684 ! " 43.1

Thus, ! = 270 + " = 313.1 (b) From the velocity diagram

vB / A 3.8 = sin76.9 sin 60 v B / A = 4.274 ms!1

Time taken is

120 = 28.1s . 4.274

Applying v B = v A + v B / A with v A = 4 ms!1 , we can draw the velocity diagram as shown:

20

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

3 ms 60o

3.8 ms-1

3.8 ms-1
Notice that there are two possible triangles and so there are two possible directions of v B as shown. For interception to occur as quickly as possible, we choose the course of B for which v B / A is larger. Note Since v A is a known vector, we write v B = v A + v B / A so that we can draw v A first.

21

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

For two objects P and Q moving in a plane, it is important to obtain the following information: !!!" QP , the initial position vector of P relative to Q v P / Q , the velocity of P relative to Q.

!!!" v P / Q and QP are in opposite directions ! To Q (observer), P appears to move towards Q ! P will intercept Q.
Practice Set 3 1. Two particles P and Q are 30 m apart with Q due north of P. Particle Q is moving at 5 ms!1 in a direction

090 and P is moving at 7 ms!1 in a direction 030 . Find (a) the magnitude and direction of the velocity of Q relative to P, (b) the time taken for Q to be due east of P, to the nearest second.
2. At a particular instant, two boats P and Q are 2 km apart and P is due north of Q. P moves with constant speed 3 ms!1 due east while Q moves with constant speed 4 ms!1 in direction 060 . Find (a) the speed and direction of Q relative to P, (b) the distance apart in metres when Q is due west of P. At a particular moment, two ships A and B are 5 km apart with A due west of B. Ship A is sailing due south at 5 kmh!1 and ship B is sailing due west at 8 kmh!1 . Find (a) the velocity of A relative to B, (b) the distance between the two ships when A is on the bearing of 225 from B. Two aircraft A and B fly at the same height with constant velocities. At noon, aircraft B is 50 km due east of aircraft A and is flying due west at 450 kmh!1 . Aircraft A is flying on the bearing 120 at

3.

4.

300 kmh!1 . Find (a) the velocity of B relative to A , (b) the time when B is due north of A .

5.

Particle Q is initially 50 km east of particle P. Particle P moves with speed 8 ms!1 at direction 060 while particle Q moves with speed 10 ms!1 at direction 270 + ! . Given that P and Q are on the path of collision, find (a) the value of ! , (b) the time that elapses before the collision, to the nearest second.

6.

At a given instant, an airship is moving due north with a speed of 6 ms!1 . A helicopter which is 500 m due east of the airship flies at a speed of 15 ms!1 and steers on a bearing of ! in order to intercept the airship. Find (a) the value of ! , (b) the time that elapses before the interception.
22

Singapore International School (Hong Kong)/ S4 Add Math (2010)

7.

Two particles A and B are 50 m apart with A due north of B. Particle A is travelling at 10 ms!1 in a direction 075 and B is travelling at v ms!1 in a direction 0.15 . (a) Given that v = 20, find (i) the magnitude and direction of the velocity of B relative to A , and (ii) the time taken for B to be due east of A . (b) Given that B collides with A , find (i) the value of v, and (ii) the time taken for B to collide with A .

Answers to Practice Set 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (a) 6.24 ms!1 in the direction 166 (a) 2.05 ms (a) 9.43 ms
!1 !1 !1

(b)

5s

in the direction 012.7 (b) 451 m in the direction 122 (b) 2.71 km

725.5 kmh in the direction 281.9 (b) 120 414 (a) 23.6 (b) 3 107 s (a) 30 (b) 48 s (a)(i) 17.3 ms!1 , 345 (ii) 2.99 s (b)(i) 37.3 ms!1 (ii) 1.49 s

23