By MANJUNATH (R030307003) M-tech(GE)

Introduction to company Synopsis System description

Metering for city gas distribution Classification of flow measuring devices Meters used in Adani energy limited Description of the meters Billing of domestic meter Selection of meter Meter installation Costing of domestic connection How a customer can steal unregistered gas Precautions to stop tampering of meter

Overview of the Adani groups

Adani Mundra Port Adani Real Estate Adani Energy Limited Adani Agro Adani Wilmar Limited Adani Power Adani Logistics Limited

Adani Energy Limited

Gas Distribution Adani group initiated Gas Distribution Business with a goal of providing safe, convenient, reliable and eco friendly fuel to.

Industrial Commercial domestic and transportation sectors

Fuel supply of AEL

PNG CNG

Places

Ahmedabad Vadodara

Network of AEL

< 110 KM of steel pipeline <1200 KM of PE line <45 CNG stations 12 DRS in city

Customers

< 250 industries < 2500 households < 100 commercial units < 45,000 vehicles

Gas supplier to AEL

Petronet LNG NIKO GSPL grid to AEL

Synopsis

This internship report deals with the metering for city gas distribution and its study Meters used in AEL Meter mechanism and installation pressure and temperature parameter which has to be considered while billing Increasing the meters efficiency

System description
The system description involves the total arrangement or network in doing city gas distribution business.

City Gate Station Odorization District regulating station Industrial Metering and regulating station CNG station Pipeline Network

CGS

Gas Filtration skid Pressure reduction skid Flow metering skid

Metering of gas
It refers to measuring gases based on the volumetric measurement, velocity, thermal and calorific method.
AEL do volumetric and velocity based measurements of the gas supplied to the customer

inlet

meter

outlet

Classification of metering devices

1. DP meters > Orifice meter > Venturi meter > Pitot tube meter 2. Positive displacement meters > Diaphragm meter > RPD meter > Piston type gas meter 3. Velocity meters > Turbine meters > Ultrasonic meter

Meters used in AEL

Senior Orifice meter Diaphragm meter RPD meter Turbine meter

Senior orifice meter: This meter is used to measure the gas with high flow rate. Senior orifice has very less turndown ratio i.e of 10:1 Differential pressure cells: the DP transducer measures the differential pressures and converts it into electrical signals, as a input to flow computer.

AEL use, DANIEL patented Orifice which gives DP values to the flow measuring machine BOSS. The patented equation is Qh = Fb*Fa*Fr*Y1*Fh*Fm*Fpv*Ftf*Fpb*Ftb*Fgr*hw*Pf Fb = basic orifice factor Fa = orifice thermal expansion factor Fr = Reynolds number Ftb = temperature base factor Fg = specific gravity factor

Fpv = super compressibility factor Fh = gauge location factor Pf = flowing pressure hw = water head due to pressure

Diaphragm meter:

This is a positive displacement meter which measures the gas by holding and releasing mechanism of fixed volume . The flexible material used for this meter is a diaphragm made up of a synthetic fabric called reinforced nitro rubber Lever and linking mechanism are connected to the dial called index box which shows the amount of gas consumed by the customer. Following figure shows the internal structure of the meter

Reading the meter

The below figure registers cubic meters and here the first five digits give the quantity up as far as the decimal point. They are again surrounded by a thick black
band. The last three digits represent the number of decimeters. The last digit

representing 0.1dm3 per sub-division.

Meter index

Rangeability Of Diaphragm Meter:

It can be used to measure very less flow rate, which is desirable for the domestic purpose. The rangeability is Qmin 0.016 m3/h, Qmax 2.5 m3/h to Qmax 65 m3/h Pressure should be max of 0.1bar. AEL use diaphragm meters from Actaris company.

Correction factor for diaphragm meter:

Volume and temperature Correctors will be fitted to all meters operating above 75 mbar and with a flow range of above 20 SCM/h. For flow below 20 SCM/H PD meters will be installed without volume and temperature Correctors. For these meters flow rate obtained is multiplied by correction factor given as

V1/V2= (P2*T1) / (T2*P1) V1 = std volume P1 = std pressure T1 = std temperature

V2 = measured volume P2 = measured pressure T2 = measured temperature

Corrected flow = measured flow* correction factor. (standard condition scmh).

to calculate correction factors for different mechanical meters(diaphragm)

Input
base pressure P1 = 1 Atm 1.01325 Bar 1013.25 Mbar base temperature T1 = 25 C 0.075 Bar

operating pressure P2 =

75 Mbar

operating temperature T2 =

25 C

Output corection factor v1/v2 = 1.074019 for pressure in mbar

corection factor v1/v2 =

1.074019 for pressure in bar

Turbine meter:

Turbine gas meters are flow meters

flow of gas turns a turbine wheel, and thus, the rotating speed of the turbine is proportional to the linear speed of the gas.

The movement is mechanically transmitted to the totaliser through the magnetic coupling, which shows the reading. For the flow calculation an electronic device is connected called EVC, electronic volume converter It gives readings in standard conditions It got good turndown ration and accuracy i.e 50:1
Qmin = 10m3/h to Qmax = 400 m3/h

Internal arrangement of meter

EVC

Selection of meters:

Collection of data on load pattern CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF METER Following criteria shall be considered for the Best match, Contractual requirement Rangeability or Turndown ratio Accuracy required Suitability of meter with quality of gas available Pressure requirement Calibration & maintenance requirement Size & weight Installation and maintenance constraints Operability Cost Gas quality

Filtration Filtration at 50 microns should be fitted to all metering system operating at pressure above 75 millibar and 16SCM/hr

SN

Type of meter recommended

Working pressure Bar

Flow range M 3 / Hr

Type of customer

limitation

Min
1. Diaphragm Meter 0.0

Max
0.2

Min
.016

Max
30 Domestic Commercial & Bigger Sized,

Small scale Industry with pressure requirement less than 75 mbar only

Expensive for high flow

No Pressure & temperature compensation

Rotary Positive Displacement Meter

0.0

16

30

1000

Commercial & Industrial

Requires: a) 50 micron filtration Gas Quality b) Lubrication Maintenance

Orifice Meters With Single Transmitter

1.5

200

none

large .Industrial customers with a) In- accuracies b). Regular flow Turn down Ratio within 3:1 calibration. c) Long straight length of pipe

Orifice Meters
With Double Transmitter 4 Turbine meters

1.5

200

none

Bulk customers &

A) In- accuracies. b). Regular

Transportation custody transfer calibration. meters

c) Long straight length of pipe 2bar 500 40000

Hi cost, gas quality. 5 Ultrasonic Meter 7bar 99 1500 none Bulk customers & Transportation custody transfer Hi cost, gas quality.

Meter installation

The installation starts from the piping from CGS to the customer The pipeline from CGS to DRS is of galvanized iron pipe or Corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) At DRS pressure is reduced from 26 bar to 4bar After this PE pipes are lined with service regulator up to the customer basement. Again a galvanized iron pipe (20 t0 30mm) to the meter, with regulator and pressure gauge. Copper pipe (12mm) is line inside the kitchen up to burner or water heater.
Meters should be installed at least 1m above the ground and should be inside the customer property

Good ventilation should be provided, safety cover or a box with sealed . For the industries purpose we create a skid, which includes meter, regulator, pressure gauge and EVC

Costing of domestic connection:

S.N Item Description Unit Qty. Consider/Conn. Rate Rs./Unit TOTAL Cost

1 2 2 22
3 4 5 6 7

G.I.Pipe 1/2" NB Copper pipe G.I fitting 1/2" NB Copper fitting cost
RCC guard 1/2" Isolation Valve Meter regulator Domestic meter Ball cock(gas tap 6.4mm)

Mtr Mtr Nos Nos

Nos Nos Nos Nos Nos

10 12 30% of pipe cost 30% of pipe cost

1 1 1 1 1-consider one point only

50 45 -

500 540 150 162

100 125 300 1209 150

100 125 300 1209 150

8 9 10 10

Rubber tube MDPE 20 mm dia MDPE 32mm dia MDPE fitting

Mtr Mtr Mtr Nos

1 5 12 2-coupler 20 dia & 1 saddle 32X20

50 20 25 -

50 100 300 590(500+90)

11

Labour cost of GI piping

Mtr

18

22

396

12
13

Labour cost of PE installation

Service regulator cost

Mtr
No

17
1/50conn

35
9000

595
180

How a customer can steal unregistered gas:

The customer can steal extra gas or unregistered gas by adjusting or by changing the gear wheels behind the index, in case of diaphragm meters .

For a particular customer company do some registration about the demand, based on which it decides to deliver fixed amount of gas with respect to pressure. A siple way a customer can take more gas by adjusting the pressure. Temperature can also play a vital role in stealing the gas. This can be done by decreasing the inlet line temperature. In EVC based meters in the battery or the solar panel got failed for a short time than at that instant, it stop recording the meter readings, as a result stops converting it into standard conditions. The customer used gas is not recorded in the EVC In case of the diaphragm. If the diaphragm of the meter is punctured, then there is a possibility of flowing extra gas to the customer

Precautions to stop tampering of the meters:

Always check for the meter sealing.

Meter reader should check the pressure settings and any variations in that. And he should check for the temperature variations. Check the battery and panel conditions of the EVC type meters.
Cross check the reading of EVC meter manually with the displayed one.

Check the set points of the EVC like super compressibility and base pressure and temperature conditions.