The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire List Of Liqueurs Discoveries List of music styles 20 Best Mystery

Movies

Sobriquets Of Places/Persons Indian Army Regiments Body Facts List of Blood Groups

List Of Alcoholic Beverages Mother Teresa Quotes List of theorems Best 10 Animal Movies

THE MOST EXCELLENT ORDER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE

The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V of the United Kingdom.[1][2] The Order comprises five classes in civil and military divisions. In descending order of seniority, these are: * Knight Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE) or Dame Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE) see Knight Grand Cross. [3] * Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) or Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (DBE) * Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) * Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) * Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE)

SOBRIQUETS OF PLACES/PERSONS
1.Granite City : Aberdeen 3.Herring Pond : Atlantic Ocean 5.Land of the Kangaroo : Australia 7.Island of Pearls : Bahrain 9.White City : Belgrade 11.Land of Lilies : Canada 13.Windy City : Chicago 15.Sugar Bowl of the World : Cuba 17.Land of Thousand Lakes : Finland 19.Pillars of Hercules : Gibraltar 21.Emerald Island : Ireland 23.Land of the Rising Sun : Japan 25.Hermit Kingdom : Korea 27.Port of Five Seas : Moscow 29.Land of Canals : Netherlands 31.Land of Windmills : Netherlands 33.Empire City : New York 35.City of Dreaming Spires : Oxford 37.City of Brotherly Love : Philadelphia 39.City of Seven Hills : Rome 41.City of the Golden Gate : San Francisco 43.Venice of the North : Stockholm 45.Land of the White Elephant : Thailand 47.Sick Man of Europe : Turkey 49.Queen of the Adriatic : Venice 2.Dark Continent : Africa 4.Land of the Golden Fleece : Australia 6.Gateway of Tears : Bab-el-mandab 8.Cockpit of Europe : Belgium 10.Land of Thunderbolt : Bhutan 12.Land of Maple : Canada 14.Pearl of Antilles : Cuba 16.Gift of the Nile : Egypt 18.Key of the Mediterranean : Gibraltar 20.Land of the Eskimos : Greenland 22.Pink City : Jaipur 24.Garden of England : Kent 26.Land of Morning Calm : Korea 28.Land of the Golden Pagoda : Myanmar 30.Land of Tulips : Netherlands 32.City of Skyscrapers : New York 34.Land of the Midnight Sun : Norway 36.Holy Land : Palestine 38.Quaker City : Philadelphia 40.Eternal City : Rome 42.Land of Cakes : Scotland 44.Playground of Europe : Switzerland 46.World's Loneliest Island : Tristan da Cunha 48.City of Canals : Venice 50.City of Magnificent Distances : Washington DC

51.Island of Cloves : Zanzibar * Which is the Granite City?-Aberdeen, Scotland * Which is the Dark Continent?-Africa * Which is the City of the Golden Temple?Amritsar, India * Which is the Land of the Golden Fleece?Australia * Which is the Land of the Kangaroo?Australia * Which is the Island of Pearls?Banrain * Which is the Garden City of India?Bangalore * Which is the Cockpit of Europe?Belgium * Which is the White City? Belgrade, Yugoslavia * Which is the Gateway of India?Bombay * Which is known as the the Great White Way?Broadway, NewYork * Which is known as the Land of the Golden Pagoda?Burma(Myanmar) * Which is known as the City of Palaces?Kolkata * Which is the Land of Lilies?Canada * Which is the Land of Maple?Canada * Which is the Windy City?Chicago, USA * Which is the Venice of East?Alappuzha * Which is the Queen of Arabian Sea?Cochin, India * Which is the Pearl of the Antilles?Cuba * Which is the Gift of Nile?Egypt * Which is the Land of Thousand Lakes?Finland * Which is known as The Emerald Island?Ireland * Which is the Island of Pearls?Bahrain * Which is the Sugar Bowl of the World?Cuba * Which is known as the Land of Rising Sun?Japan * Which is the Hermit Kingdom?Korea * Which is the port of five Seas? Moscow * Which is the Land of Canals?Netherlands * Which is the Empire City?NewYork * Which is the Land of White Elephant?Thailand * Which is the Sick Man of Europe?Turkey * Which is the Queen of the Adriatic?Venice * Which is the Island of Cloves?Zanzibar * Which is the Venice of the North?Stockholm * Which is the City of the Golden Gate?San Francisco * Which is the City of Seven Hills?Rome * Which is the City of Brotherly Love?Philadelphia * Which is the City of Dreaming Spires?Oxford * Which is the Land of Windmills?Netherlands * Which is the Land of the Canals?Netherlands * Which is the Land of Thunderbolt?Bhutan * Which is the Holy Land?Palestine * Which is Land of Humming Bird?Trinidad * Which is the Rose Pink City?Jaipur * Which is the playground of Europe?Switzerland * Which is the Diamond City in India?Surat, Gujarat LAKES/OCEANS/SEA * Which is known as The Herring Pond?Atlantic Ocean * Which is known as the Sorrow of China?River Hwang Ho PERSONS * Who is known as Frontier Gandhi?Abdul Gaffar Khan

* Who is known as Fuhrer?Adolf Hitler * Who is known as Lokmanya?Bal Gangadhar Tilak * Who is known as Deenabandhu?C F Andrews * Who is known as Anna?C N Annadurai * Who is known as Rajaji?C Rajagopalachari * Who is the Grand Old Man of India?Dadabhai Naoroji * Who is the Iron Duke?Duke of Wellington * Who is known as Ike?Dwight David * Who is known as the King Maker?Eisenhower Earl of Warwick * Who is known as Desert Fox?Erwin Rommel * Who is the Lady with the Lamp?Florence Nightingale * Who is El Cauclillo? Francisco Franco * Who is the known as Chacha?Jawaharlal Nehru * Who is known as Loknayak?Jayaprakash Narayan * Who is known as Maid of Orleans?Joan of Arc * Who is known as Man of Peace?Lal Bahadur Shastri * Who is known as Punjab Kesari?Lala Lajpat Rai * Who is the Father of the Nation? Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi * Who is known as Guruji?M S Gohlwalkar * Who is Man of Destiny? Napolean Bonaparte * Who is Man of Blood and Iron?Otto Von Bismark * Who is known as Gurudev?Rabindranath Tagore * Who is the Nightingale of India?Sarojini Naidu * Who is known as Netaji?Subhash Chandra Bose * Who is the Wizard of the North? Walter Scott * Who is the Grand Old Man of Britain? Willian Ewart Glandstone

LIST OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Fermented beverages * Beer o Ale + Barleywine + Bitter ale + Mild ale + Pale ale + Porter # Stout + Cask ale + Stock ale o Fruit Beer o Lager beer + Bock + Dry beer + Maerzen/Oktoberfest Beer + Pilsener + Schwarzbier o Sahti o Small beer o Wheat beer + Witbier White Beer

+ Hefeweizen * Cauim * Chicha * Cider * Huangjiu * Icariine Liquor * Kilju * Kumis * Lappish Hag's Love Potion * Mead * Palm wine * Perry * Plum jerkum * Pulque * Sake * Sonti * Tepache * Tonto * Tiswin * Wine o Fruit wine o Table wine o Sangria o Sparkling wine + Champagne o Fortified wine + Port + Madeira + Marsala + Sherry + Vermouth + Vinsanto Distilled beverages * Spirits o Absinthe o Akvavit o Arak o Arrack o Baijiu o Cachaa o Gin + Damson gin + Sloe gin o Horilka o Kaoliang o Maotai o Mezcal o Neutral grain spirit o Ogogoro o Ouzo o Palinka

o Pisco o Rakia + Slivovitz o Rum o Soju o Tequila o Vodka o Metaxa o Whisky + Bourbon + Scotch + Tennessee whiskey o Brandy + Armagnac + Cognac + Fruit brandy, Eau-de-vie (French), Schnapps - Obstwasser (German) # Damassine # Himbeergeist # Kirsch # Poire Williams # Williamine # Zwetschgenwasser

LIST OF LIQUEURS
List of liqueurs Berry liqueurs * 99 Berries * Chambord (raspberry) * Creme de cassis (blackcurrant) * Guavaberry (guavaberry) * Hideous (potato neutral spirit, with added natural flavors derived from berries grown in the state of Washington [including raspberries and other berries] and citrus fruits) * Lakka (cloudberry) * Lillehammer (lingonberry) * Lubelskie Zurawinwka (cranberry) * Lubelskie Wisniwka (cherry) * Murtado (Ugni molinae berries) * Polar Cranberry * Prunelle (sloe berry) * Razzmatazz (raspberry) * Sloe gin (sloe) * VeeV (acai) * Whidbeys (loganberry) * XUXU (strawberry) Chocolate liqueurs Main article: Chocolate liqueur Coffee liqueurs * Allen's Coffee Brandy * Aruba Arehucas

* Bahia Coffee Liqueur * Bols Coffee Liqueur * Caf Aztec * Caf Britt Coffee Liqueur * Caf Oriental * Caf Marakesh * Caff Borghetti * Coloma * Copa De Oro * Duchalet Caf Liqueur * Dwersteg's Organic Coffee Liqueur * The Evil Monk * illy Espresso Liqueur * Kahla * Kalor * Kamora * Kapali * Keuck Trkisch Mokka * Kona Gold * Kosaken Kaffee * De Kuyper Crme de Caf * Lauterer Luft * Leroux Coffee-Flavored Brandy. * Mokatika * Mr. Boston Coffee-Flavored Brandy. * Patron XO CAFE * Sabra * Sabroso * Sheridan's * Starbucks Coffee Liqueur * Tia Maria * Toussaint Coffee Liqueur * Vibe Robusta Coffee Liqueur * Vok Coffee Liqueur Cream liqueurs A bottle and glass of Carolans * Advocaat * Amarula (sugar, cream, and the fruit of the African marula tree) * Baileys Irish Cream * Baja Rosa * Carolans * Creme de la Creme Maple Cream Liqueur * Cruzan_Rum Cream * Dooley's * Drumgray Highland Cream Liqueur * Dulce de Leche Liqueur (Caribbean rum, caramel and cream) * Dwersteg's Organic Coffee Cream Liqueur * Emmets Classic Cream: Irelands Cream Liqueur * Hare Turkish Coffee Cream Liqueur * Heather Cream (A Scottish Cream Liqueur) * Keke Beach Key Lime Cream Liqueur

* McCormick's Irish Cream * Merlyn Cream Liqueur * Mozart Gold Chocolate Cream * Mozart White Chocolate Cream * O'Leary's Irish Cream * Ponche Caribe * Ponche crema * Ponche Diva * Ponche Kuba * Rompope * Sangster's * Saint Brendan's Irish Cream Liqueur * Spirit of Liberty America's Cream Liqueur (1/3 less calories than Bailey's) * Starbucks Cream Liqueur * Tequila Rose * Vana Tallinn Cream * Vermeer Dutch Chocolate Cream Liqueur * VOODOO classique cream liqueur * Voyant Chai Cream (a chai-flavoured liqueur containing oak-aged rum, cream, black tea, vanilla, and spices) Crme liqueurs A bottle and glass of Crme de cassis * Crme de banane * Crme de cacao * Crme de cassis * Crme de Cerise * Crema di Fragole * Crme de menthe * Crme de mre * Crme de Noyaux * Crme de Rose * Creme de violette * Parfait d'Amour Flower liqueurs A bottle of Crme de Violette * Bulgarian rose liqueurfrom the Valley of the Roses * Crme de Rose (rose) * Crme de violette (violet) * Crme Yvette (violet, vanilla) * Fior d'Alpi (alpine flowers, herbs) * Lavender Liqueur (lavender) * Liqueur de Rose (rose) * Meikueilu Chiew (Mey Kwei Loo Liqueur) (rose) * My Rose (rose, with a whole rose in the bottle) (Christian di Marco My Rose Liqueur) * Rosolio (rose) * St-Germain (elderflower) * Shan Hibiscus (hibiscus, coconut) * Shan Lotus (lotus, passion fruit) * Shan Rose (rose, lychee)

* Xaica (Hibiscus) Fruit liqueurs A bottle of homemade limoncello * Amabilli (banana) * Amarula African liqueur (marula fruit) * Aurum (rum, tea, and tangerines) * BajtraMaltese liqueur (prickly pear) * Cherry Heering (cherry) * Cosa Gialla (citrus fruits)[citation needed] * Cointreau (orange) * Cuarenta Y Tres/Licor 43 (citrus, vanilla) * Curaao (bitter orange) * Damson gin (Damson) * DeKuyper Pomegranate (pomegranate) * Destinee (tropical fruit) * Dwersteg's Organic Orange Liqueur * Espiritu del Ecuador (20 Ecuadoran fruits, including peach, chocolate, cherry, and almond) * Ginjinha (cherry) * Grand Marnier (orange) * Grapro (pink grapefruit) * Guignolet (wild cherry) * Hare Visne (sour cherry) * Hideous (potato neutral spirit, with added natural flavors derived from berries grown in the state of Washington [including raspberries and other berries] and citrus fruits) * Hypnotiq (tropical fruit) * Slivovitz (plum) * KeKe Beach (lime cream) * Krukovac (pear) * Kwai Feh (lychee) * Lichido (vodka, cognac, lychee and guava essences, and white peach juice) * Limoncello (lemon liqueur) * Ly Shan (lychee) * Mandarine Napoleon (mandarin) * Manzana verde (green apple) * Maraschino (cherry) * Medronho (strawberry tree/arbutus) * Midori (melon) * 99 bananas (99-proof banana-flavored schnapps) * Noyau de Poissy (apricot) * NUVO (fruit nectars and sparkling chardonnay and pinot noir wines) * PAMA (pomegranate) * Passo (passion fruit; also comes in mango, pineapple, and coconut flavors) * Pisang Ambon (banana) * Pucker (apple) * Tyku (yuzu, honeydew, mangosteen, ginseng, green tea, goji berry) * Triple sec (orange) * X-Rated Fusion Liqueur (blood orange, mango and passion fruit) * Van der Hum (tangerines, herbs, spices, seeds and barks) * Vok Banana Liqueur * Vok Melon Liqueur

Herbal liqueurs Note: the exact recipes of many herbal liqueurs (which may contain up to 50 or more different herbs) are often closely guarded trade secrets. The primary herbal ingredients are listed where known. Anise-flavored liqueurs A bottle of ouzo Note: Absinthe, Arak, Raki, and similar anise-flavored beverages contain no sugar and thus are flavored liquors rather than liqueurs. * Aguardiente/AguardenteBrazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Portugal * AnsSpain * AnisettaItaly * AnisetteFrance * AlpestreItaly * Arquebuse de l'HermitageFrance * CenterbaItaly (infusion of 100 high mountain herbs) * Cosa NeraItaly [1] * DimmiItaly (infusion of Italian Absinthe, Anise, Vanilla, Ginseng, Rhubarb, Bitter Orange, Apricot and Peach Blossom) * GallianoItaly * Hierbas de MallorcaMajorca * HerbsaintUnited States * MasticaGreece/Bulgaria * MistrItaly * OuzoGreece * PastisFrance * Passione NeraItaly * PatxaranSpain * Pernod Fils * Pernod Ricard * RakiGreece/Turkey * SambucaItaly * VespetrItaly * XtabentnMexico Other herbal liqueurs * Agwa de Bolivia (37 Herbs) * Altvater * Amaro * Angelika Bitter (11 herbs, especially Angelica archangelica) * Appenzeller (42 herbs) * Becherovka (anise seeds, cinnamon, and other herbs) * Beiro (seeds and herbs from around the world) * Bndictine (27 plants and spices) * Black Forest Devil, called Schwarzwald-Teufel in Germany, uses over 42 herbs including St.John's wort 102 proof * Canton (spirits, brandy, six varieties of ginger, ginseng, and honey) * Chartreuse (130 herbal extracts) * Demnovka (14 herbs and honey) * Everglo (tequila, vodka, caffeine, and ginseng) * Galliano (30 herbs) * Danzig Goldwasser (gold leaf, roots, and herbs)

* Goldschlger (cinnamon, with gold leaf) * Jaan Paan Liqueur (sweet paan flavored) * Killepitsch (combination of 90 fruits, berries, herbs, and spices) * Jgermeister (56 herbs) * Flminger Jagd (38 herbs) * Krupnik (honey and up to 50 different herbs) * Kmmel (caraway seed, cumin, and fennel) * Mastichato (mastic resin) * Menta (peppermint liqueur) * Metaxa * Minttu (peppermint) * Paan (betel leaf, betel nuts, saffron, cardamom, sandalwood, and other herbs and spices) * Riga Black Balsam (Rigas Melnais Balzams) * Strega (70 herbs, including mint, fennel, and saffron) * St. Hubertus (liqueur) (several herbs, caramel and citric acid) * Underberg a German digestif bitter * Underground (liqueur) America's Herbal Spirit made from an undisclosed number of herbs from around world. * Unicum (more than 40 herbs) * Zen (matcha green tea from Kyoto, Japan, with lemon grass and other herbs. Manufactured by Suntory) Honey liqueurs * Brenjger * Brandymel * Drambuie * Ron Miel * Tennessee HoneyJack Daniel's Nut-flavored liqueurs * Amaretto (almonds, or the almond-like kernels from apricots, peaches, cherries, or similar stone fruits) * Bellota (acorns) * Dumante (pistachio) * Dwersteg's Organic Amaretto Liqueur (organic liqueur with distillate from almond kernels) * Frangelico (hazelnuts and herbs) * Kahana Royale (macadamia nut) * Nocello (walnut and hazelnut) * Nocino (unripe green walnuts) * Castries Peanut Rum Creme (peanut) * Peanut Lolita (peanut) * Ratafia (brandy flavored with almonds, fruit, or fruit kernelsalso a flavored biscuit) Whisky liqueurs * Atholl Brose (Scotch whisky, Benromach single malt spirit, honey, secret spice recipe, from Gordon & Macphail) * Bruadar (Scotch whisky, honey, sloe) * Cock o' the North (single malt, blaeberry) * Drambuie (Scotch, heather honey, herbs, and spices) * Eblana (Irish whiskey, coffee, honey, almond, peanut)

* Famous Grouse liqueur (Scotch, bourbon, citrus, spices) * Fireball Cinnamon Whisky (Canadian whisky, cinnamon, spices) * Glayva (Scotch, Seville oranges, herbs, and honey) * Glenfiddich Malt liqueur (Scotch, citrus, pear, brown sugar) * Glenturret Malt liqueur (Glenturret single malt, honey, spices) * Irish Mist (aged Irish whiskey, heather and clover honey, aromatic herbs, and other spirits) * Jeremiah Weed (Bourbon whiskey, orange, vanilla) * Lochan Ora (Chivas, honey, herbs and spices) * Murray Scottish Highland Liqueur (Scotch, honey, sloe) * Old Pulteney liqueur (Old Pulteney single malt, prune, spices) * Orangerie (Scotch, oranges, spices) * Rock and Rye (American rye whiskey, citrus, rock candy) * Stag's Breath (Speyside malts and fermented comb honey) * Sundakanchi (rice-based)[citation needed] * Wallace Liqueur (Deanston single malt, Scottish berries, French herbs) * Wild Turkey American Honey (Wild Turkey (bourbon), honey, spices) * Yukon Jack (Canadian whisky, honey) Other liqueurs * Advocaat (egg yolks and vanilla) * After Shock (several varieties, the most popular of which is cinnamon) * Agnes (orange peels, apples, vanilla and caraway seeds) * Aurum (rum, tea, and tangerines) * Baczewski * Brenfang (honey) One export version is named Brenjger * Bloody Oath (vodka, herbs and spices) * Campari (bitter and aromatic herbs, plants, and fruit) * Cynar (artichoke and other herbs and plants) * Damiana (herb of the same name) * Gabriel (cinnamon, apple, black pepper and peppermint) * Gnpi (alpine flower of the same name) * Izarra (numerous herbs and other flavorings) * Jumbie (rum liqueur) * Licor de oro (whey, saffron and lemon peel) * Lubelska Miodwka (honey) * Kajmir (vanilla, brandy, and vodka) * Knnu Kukk * Krupnik (honey) * Mesi (honey) * Patxaran (sloe berries, coffee beans, and vanilla pod) * Pimento (not the peppers stuffed into olives, but Allspice. Made in Jamaica by Wray and Nephews) * Qi (lapsang souchong tea, fruits, spices, and Chardonnay brandy) * Qi White (orange, ginger, clove, other herbs and spices, and white tea) * Rumpleminze (peppermint) * Salmiakki Koskenkorva (Salmiakkikossu, salmari) (salmiakkiOriginally Turkish Pepper salty licorice) * Sve FournierChampagne cognac, cocoa sap, vanilla, iris, and plant extracts * Southern Comfort (neutral grain spirits with whiskey, peach, orange and spice flavorings) * Tsipouro * St. Germain (elderflower) * Tuaca (brandy, vanilla, and citrus)

* TY KU (Asian spirit base (sake and soju), with yuzu, honeydew, mangosteen, green tea, wolfberry, and ginseng) * Vana Tallinn (rum, citrus oil, vanilla, cinnamon, and other spices) * Vov (egg yolk, sugar and marsala wine) * Voyant Chai Cream (a chai-flavoured liqueur containing oak-aged rum, cream, black tea, vanilla, and spices) * Y Chilli (cinnamon, chili peppers, and other ingredients)

INDIAN ARMY REGIMENTS

Military Man Power Active troops 1,325,000 (3rd) Reserve forces 1,155,000 (7th) Paramilitary forces 1,293,300 (4th) Components Indian Army Flag of Indian Army.svg Indian Air Force Ensign of the Indian Air Force.svg Indian Navy Naval Ensign of India.svg Indian Coast Guard Indian Coast Guard flag.png Paramilitary forces of India Strategic Nuclear Command History Military history of India Ranks Air Force ranks and insignia Army ranks and insignia Naval ranks and insignia Infantry Regiments (30) Listed in the order of precedence : * Brigade of the Guards * The Parachute Regiment * Mechanised Infantry Regiment * Punjab Regiment * Madras Regiment * The Grenadiers * Maratha Light Infantry * Rajputana Rifles * Rajput Regiment * Jat Regiment * Sikh Regiment * Sikh Light Infantry * Dogra Regiment * Garhwal Rifles * Kumaon Regiment * Assam Regiment * Bihar Regiment * Mahar Regiment * Jammu & Kashmir Rifles * Jammu & Kashmir Light Infantry * Naga Regiment

* 1 Gorkha Rifles * 3 Gorkha Rifles * 4 Gorkha Rifles * 5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force) * 8 Gorkha Rifles * 9 Gorkha Rifles * 11 Gorkha Rifles * Ladakh Scouts * Arunachal Scouts Armoured Regiments (62) See also: Indian Army Armoured Corps * President's Bodyguard * 1 Horse or Skinner's Horse * 2 Lancers * 3rd Cavalry (see http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/3RD%20CAVALRY for history) * 4 Horse or 'Hodson's Horse' * 5 Armoured Regiment * 6 Lancers * 7 Cavalry * 8 Cavalry * 9 Horse or 'The Deccan Horse' * 10 Armoured Regiment * 11 Armoured Regiment * 12 Armoured Regiment * 13 Armoured Regiment * 14 Horse or 'The Scinde Horse' * 15 Armoured Regiment * 16 Cavalry * 17 Horse (The Poona Horse) * 18 Cavalry * 19 Armoured Regiment * 20 Lancers * Central India Horse (in 21st position) * 40 Armoured Regiment * 41 Armoured Regiment (India) * 42 Armoured Regiment * 43 Armoured Regiment- The only regiment in the Armoured Corps to hold the MBT Arjun as part of its standard weapons platform. * 44 Armoured Regiment * 45 Cavalry * 46 Armoured Regiment * 47 Armoured Regiment * 48 Armoured Regiment * 49 Armoured Regiment * 50 Armoured Regiment * 51 Armoured Regiment * 52 Armoured Regiment * 53 Armoured Regiment * 61 Cavalry * 62 Cavalry * 63 Cavalry

* 64 Cavalry * 65 Armoured Regiment * 66 Armoured Regiment * 67 Armoured Regiment * 68 Armoured Regiment * 69 Armoured Regiment * 70 Armoured Regiment * 71 Armoured Regiment * 72 Armoured Regiment * 73 Armoured Regiment * 74 Armoured Regiment * 75 Armoured Regiment - the only Indian armoured regiment to have been raised on foreign soil during the 1971 Indo-Pak war at Gadra Road (now in Pakistan)on 12 March 1972. * 76 Armoured Regiment * 81 Armoured Regiment * 82 Armoured Regiment * 83 Armoured Regiment * 84 Armoured Regiment * 85 Armoured Regiment * 86 Armoured Regiment * 87 Armoured Regiment * 88 Armoured Regiment * 89 Armoured Regiment * 90 Armoured Regiment Units of the Regiment of Artillery A few of the units of artillery are listed below: * 9 Parachute Field Regiment * 15 Medium Regiment * 16 Field Regiment * 37 (Coorg) Anti-Tank Regiment RIA * 40 Field Regiment (Asal Uttar) * 61 Medium Regiment (has served periods with 17th Mountain Division) * 63 Field Regiment * 70 Regiment (medium or field)(SAVIOURS) * 76 Field Regiment * 80 Field Regiment * 92 Medium Regiment * 99 Field Regiment (Sylhet) * 163 Medium Regiment * 168 Field Regiment * 169 Field Regiment (Longewala) * 175 Regiment (Field or Medium) * 195 Field Regiment (Banwat) * 200 Medium Regiment * 216 Medium Regiment * 223 Field Regiment * 228 Medium Regiment * 255 Field Regiment * 286 Medium Regiment * 299 Field Regiment

* 307 Medium Regiment * 311 Field Regiment * 315 Field Regiment[1] * 821 Light Regiment * 3342 msl regt * 110 Medium Regiment * [279 SATA Bty] * 91 Field Regiment * 122 SATA Regiment * 125 SATA Regiment (Sawa Lakh) India's First Regiment to be equipped with the Heron UAVs * 161 field regiment Engineer Groups These were formed from the Sapper and Miner Groups of each of the erstwhile presidencies of British India. They are listed below in order of precedence: * Madras Sappers * Bengal Sappers * Bombay Sappers

MOTHER TERESA QUOTES

If you judge people, you have no time to love them. ? Mother Teresa tags: judge , judgemental , love , time 13,256 people liked it like People are often unreasonable and self-centered. Forgive them anyway. If you are kind, people may accuse you of ulterior motives. Be kind anyway. If you are honest, people may cheat you. Be honest anyway. If you find happiness, people may be jealous. Be happy anyway. The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway. Give the world the best you have and it may never be enough. Give your best anyway. For you see, in the end, it is between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway. ? Mother Teresa tags: catholicism , christianity , forgiveness , god , goodness , happiness , honesty , kindness , relgion , world 12,197 people liked it like Not all of us can do great things. But we can do small things with great love. ? Mother Teresa tags: actions , can-do , great-love , great-things , inspirational , love , small-things 9,604 people liked it like Life is an opportunity, benefit from it. Life is beauty, admire it. Life is a dream, realize it. Life is a challenge, meet it. Life is a duty, complete it. Life is a game, play it. Life is a promise, fulfill it.

Life is sorrow, overcome it. Life is a song, sing it. Life is a struggle, accept it. Life is a tragedy, confront it. Life is an adventure, dare it. Life is luck, make it. Life is too precious, do not destroy it. Life is life, fight for it. ? Mother Teresa tags: life , life-is 8,305 people liked it like I know God won't give me anything I can't handle. I just wish he didn't trust me so much. ? Mother Teresa tags: catholicism , christianity , god , inspirational , religion 6,776 people liked it like Peace begins with a smile.. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational , peace , smile , smiling 5,221 people liked it like I have found the paradox, that if you love until it hurts, there can be no more hurt, only more love. ? Mother Teresa tags: love 3,516 people liked it like I am not sure exactly what heaven will be like, but I know that when we die and it comes time for God to judge us, he will not ask, 'How many good things have you done in your life?' rather he will ask, 'How much love did you put into what you did? ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational , love 2,775 people liked it like Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless. ? Mother Teresa tags: echoes , endless , kind-words , kindness , love , words 1,270 people liked it like Do not think that love in order to be genuine has to be extraordinary. What we need is to love without getting tired. Be faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies. ? Mother Teresa tags: belief , faith 1,164 people liked it like Everytime you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, a beautiful thing. ? Mother Teresa tags: action , beautiful , gift , kindness , love , smile , smiling 1,161 people liked it like Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet come. We have only today. Let us begin. ? Mother Teresa tags: carpe-diem , future , past , present , time

853 people liked it like The hunger for love is much more difficult to remove than the hunger for bread. ? Mother Teresa tags: love 837 people liked it like Let no one ever come to you without leaving better and happier. Be the living expression of God's kindness: kindness in your face, kindness in your eyes, kindness in your smile. ? Mother Teresa tags: happiness 678 people liked it like If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we belong to each other. ? Mother Teresa tags: compassion , connecting , humanity , inspirational , love , sharing 645 people liked it like Live simply so others may simply live. ? Mother Teresa tags: life 614 people liked it like It's not how much we give but how much love we put into giving. ? Mother Teresa tags: charity , giving , love 592 people liked it like Never travel faster than your guardian angel can fly. ? Mother Teresa tags: humor , inspirational 588 people liked it like God doesn't require us to succeed, he only requires that you try. ? Mother Teresa tags: god , inspirational 578 people liked it like At the end of life we will not be judged by how many diplomas we have received, how much money we have made, how many great things we have done. We will be judged by "I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat, I was naked and you clothed me. I was homeless, and you took me in. ? Mother Teresa tags: activism , service 533 people liked it like What can you do to promote world peace? Go home and love your family. ? Mother Teresa tags: food , world-hunger 488 people liked it like The most terrible poverty is loneliness, and the feeling of being unloved. ? Mother Teresa

401 people liked it like I'm a little pencil in the hand of a writing God, who is sending a love letter to the world. ? Mother Teresa tags: love 382 people liked it like If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives; be kind anyway. If you are successful, you will win some false friends and true enemies; succeed anyway. If you are honest and frank, people may cheat you; be honest and frank anyway. If you find serenity and happiness, they may be jealous; be happy anyway. The good you do today, people will often forget tomorrow; do good anyway You see, in the final analysis, it is between you and God; it was never between you and them anyway. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational , life-lessons 380 people liked it like I alone cannot change the world, but I can cast a stone across the waters to create many ripples. ? Mother Teresa tags: change , community , incrementalism , world , yourself 371 people liked it like May today there be peace within. May you trust that you are exactly where you are meant to be. May you not forget the infinite possibilities that are born of faith in yourself and others. May you use the gifts that you have received, and pass on the love that has been given to you. May you be content with yourself just the way you are. Let this knowledge settle into your bones, and allow your soul the freedom to sing, dance, praise and love. It is there for each and every one of us." ... ? Mother Teresa 317 people liked it like We know only too well that what we are doing is nothing more than a drop in the ocean. But if the drop were not there, the ocean would be missing something. ? Mother Teresa tags: actions , drop , good-works , ocean 284 people liked it like If you are humble nothing will touch you, neither praise nor disgrace, because you know what you are. ? Mother Teresa 283 people liked it like A life not lived for others is not a life. ? Mother Teresa 281 people liked it like Reach high, for stars lie hidden in your soul. Dream deep, for every dream precedes the goal. ? Mother Teresa 278 people liked it like I can do things you cannot, you can do things I cannot; together we can do great things. ? Mother Teresa 272 people liked it like

Prayer is not asking. Prayer is putting oneself in the hands of God, at His disposition, and listening to His voice in the depth of our hearts. ? Mother Teresa tags: prayer 252 people liked it like If you can't feed a hundred people, feed just one. ? Mother Teresa tags: courageous 251 people liked it like The greatest disease in the West today is not TB or leprosy; it is being unwanted, unloved, and uncared for. We can cure physical diseases with medicine, but the only cure for loneliness, despair, and hopelessness is love. There are many in the world who are dying for a piece of bread but there are many more dying for a little love. The poverty in the West is a different kind of poverty -- it is not only a poverty of loneliness but also of spirituality. There's a hunger for love, as there is a hunger for God. ? Mother Teresa, A Simple Path: Mother Teresa tags: inspiration , love , medicine , spirituality 240 people liked it like Let nothing perturb you, nothing frighten you. All things pass. God does not change. Patience achieves everything. ? Mother Teresa 239 people liked it like The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway. ? Mother Teresa 232 people liked it like Love to be real, it must costit must hurtit must empty us of self. ? Mother Teresa 212 people liked it like God made the world for the delight of human beings-- if we could see His goodness everywhere, His concern for us, His awareness of our needs: the phone call we've waited for, the ride we are offered, the letter in the mail, just the little things He does for us throughout the day. As we remember and notice His love for us, we just begin to fall in love with Him because He is so busy with us -- you just can't resist Him. I believe there's no such thing as luck in life, it's God's love, it's His. ? Mother Teresa, A Simple Path: Mother Teresa tags: god , inspiration , love , spirituality 209 people liked it like The person who gives with a smile is the best giver because God loves a cheerful giver. ? Mother Teresa 196 people liked it like If we pray, we will believe; If we believe, we will love; If we love, we will serve. ? Mother Teresa 188 people liked it like It is a poverty to decide that a child must die so that you may live as you wish. ? Mother Teresa

tags: abortion , child 182 people liked it like Spread the love of God through your life but only use words when necessary. ? Mother Teresa 175 people liked it like Being unwanted, unloved, uncared for, forgotten by everybody, I think that is a much greater hunger, a much greater poverty than the person who has nothing to eat. ? Mother Teresa tags: poverty 168 people liked it like Do not wait for leaders; do it alone, person to person. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational 167 people liked it like Never worry about numbers. Help one person at a time and always start with the person nearest you. ? Mother Teresa tags: incrementalism 164 people liked it like People are unrealistic, illogical, and self-centered. Love them anyway. ? Mother Teresa 160 people liked it like Without patience, we will learn less in life. We will see less. We will feel less. We will hear less. Ironically, rush and more usually mean less. ? Mother Teresa 145 people liked it like When you don't have anything, then you have everything. ? Mother Teresa 139 people liked it like Prayer in action is love, love in action is service. ? Mother Teresa 139 people liked it like Each one of them is Jesus in disguise. ? Mother Teresa Mother Teresa quotes (showing 51-100 of 157) Work without love is slavery. ? Mother Teresa tags: faith , love , work 120 people liked it like Be faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies. ? Mother Teresa tags: hope , religious , spiritual 120 people liked it

like I would rather make mistakes in kindness and compassion than work miracles in unkindness and hardness. ? Mother Teresa, A Gift for God: Prayers and Meditations tags: compassion , inspirational , kindness 114 people liked it like In the West we have a tendency to be profit-oriented, where everything is measured according to the results and we get caught up in being more and more active to generate results. In the East -especially in India -- I find that people are more content to just be, to just sit around under a banyan tree for half a day chatting to each other. We Westerners would probably call that wasting time. But there is value to it. Being with someone, listening wihtout a clock and without anticipation of results, teaches us about love. The success of love is in the loving -- it is not in the result of loving. ? Mother Teresa, A Simple Path: Mother Teresa tags: efficiency , love , simplicity , time 109 people liked it like Life is a game, play it. ? Mother Teresa 109 people liked it like I do not pray for success, I ask for faithfulness. ? Mother Teresa 103 people liked it like I pray that you will understand the words of Jesus, Love one another as I have loved you. Ask yourself How has he loved me? Do I really love others in the same way? Unless this love is among us, we can kill ourselves with work and it will only be work, not love. Work without love is slavery. ? Mother Teresa 102 people liked it like Let us make one point, that we meet each other with a smile, when it is difficult to smile. Smile at each other, make time for each other in your family. ? Mother Teresa tags: kindness-smile-family-giving 100 people liked it like The Simple Path Silence is Prayer Prayer is Faith Faith is Love Love is Service The Fruit of Service is Peace ? Mother Teresa tags: faith , love , mother , path , peace , prayer , service , simple , teresa 95 people liked it like The so-called right to abortion has pitted mothers against their children and women against men. It has sown violence and discord at the heart of the most intimate human relationships. It has aggravated the derogation of the father's role in an increasingly fatherless society. It has portrayed the greatest of gifts--a child--as a competitor, an intrusion and an inconvenience. It has nominally accorded mothers unfettered dominion over the dependent lives of their physically dependent sons

and daughters. And, in granting this unconscionable power, it has exposed many women to unjust and selfish demands from their husbands or other sexual partners. ? Mother Teresa tags: abortion 91 people liked it like Joy is a net of love in which you can catch souls. ? Mother Teresa tags: human 88 people liked it like May God break my heart so completely that the whole world falls in. ? Mother Teresa 83 people liked it like How can there be too many children? That is like saying there are too many flowers. ? Mother Teresa 82 people liked it like Love is a fruit in season at all times and within reach of every hand. ? Mother Teresa tags: love 81 people liked it like Love begins by taking care of the closest ones - the ones at home. ? Mother Teresa 79 people liked it like Words which do not give the light of Christ increase the darkness. ? Mother Teresa 77 people liked it like The greatest science in the world; in heaven and on earth; is love. ? Mother Teresa 75 people liked it like Jesus said love one another. He didn't say love the whole world. ? Mother Teresa 73 people liked it like I feel the greatest destroyer of peace today is "Abortion", because it is a war against the child... A direct killing of the innocent child, "Murder" by the mother herself... And if we can accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people not to kill one another? How do we persuade a woman not to have an abortion? As always, we must persuade her with love... And we remind ourselves that love means to be willing to give until it hurts... ? Mother Teresa tags: abortion , killing , unborn 72 people liked it like Intense love does not measure it just gives. ? Mother Teresa tags: mother-teresa 71 people liked it

like A sacrifice to be real must cost, must hurt, and must empty ourselves. Give yourself fully to God. He will use you to accomplish great things on the condition that you believe much more in his love than in your weakness. ? Mother Teresa tags: biography , inspirational-love , spirituality 67 people liked it like Let us not be satisfied with just giving money. Money is not enough, money can be got, but they need your hearts to love them. So, spread your love everywhere you go. ? Mother Teresa 67 people liked it like Smile at each other. Smile at your wife, smile at your husband, smile at your children, smile at each other- it doesn't matter who it is- and that will help to grow up in greater love for each other. ? Mother Teresa tags: love 66 people liked it like Let us always meet each other with smile, for the smile is the beginning of love. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational , love , smile 65 people liked it like We, the unwilling, led by the unknowing, are doing the impossible for the ungrateful. We have done so much, for so long, with so little, we are now qualified to do anything with nothing. ? Mother Teresa tags: opposites , paradox 64 people liked it like It is a kingly act to assist the fallen. ? Mother Teresa 62 people liked it like Pain and suffering have come into your life, but remember pain, sorrow, suffering are but the kiss of Jesus - a sign that you have come so close to Him that He can kiss you. ? Mother Teresa 61 people liked it like There are many people who can do big things, but there are very few people who will do the small things. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational 61 people liked it like To keep a lamp burning, we have to keep putting oil in it. ? Mother Teresa 54 people liked it like I think it is very good when people suffer. To me that is like the kiss of Jesus. ? Mother Teresa tags: religion , suffering 54 people liked it

like There should be less talk; a preaching point is not a meeting point. What do you do then? Take a broom and clean someone's house. That says enough. ? Mother Teresa 52 people liked it like Profound joy of the heart is like a magnet that indicates the path of life. ? Mother Teresa tags: catholic , faith , mother-teresa 49 people liked it like I want you to be concerned about your next door neighbor. Do you know your next door neighbor? ? Mother Teresa 48 people liked it like In the silence of the heart God speaks. If you face God in prayer and silence, God will speak to you. Then you will know that you are nothing. It is only when you realize your nothingness, your emptiness, that God can fill you with Himself. Souls of prayer are souls of great silence. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: prayer , silence 47 people liked it like We need to find God, and he cannot be found in noise and restlessness. God is the friend of silence. See how nature - trees, flowers, grass- grows in silence; see the stars, the moon and the sun, how they move in silence... We need silence to be able to touch souls. ? Mother Teresa 47 people liked it like Love is not patronizing and charity isn't about pity, it is about love. Charity and love are the same -with charity you give love, so don't just give money but reach out your hand instead. ? Mother Teresa, A Simple Path: Mother Teresa tags: charity , love , service 46 people liked it like What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight; build it anyway. ? Mother Teresa 41 people liked it like Go out into the world today and love the people you meet. Let your presence light new light in the hearts of people. ? Mother Teresa 40 people liked it like We are all pencils in the hand of God. ? Mother Teresa tags: writing 39 people liked it like Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational , poverty 37 people liked it

like We must know that we have been created for greater things, not just to be a number in the world, not just to go for diplomas and degrees, this work and that work. We have been created in order to love and to be loved. ? Mother Teresa 36 people liked it like I prefer you to make mistakes in kindness than work miracles in unkindness. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational , kindness 34 people liked it like I must be willing to give whatever it takes to do good to others. This requires that I be willing to give until it hurts. Otherwise, there is no true love in me, and I bring injustice, not peace, to those around me. ? Mother Teresa tags: giving 34 people liked it like Hungry for love, He looks at you. Thirsty for kindness, He begs of you. Naked for loyalty, He hopes in you. Homeless for shelter in your heart, He asks of you. Will you be that one to Him? ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: jesus , poverty 32 people liked it like The success of love is in the loving - it is not in the result of loving. Of course it is natural in love to want the best for the other person, but whether it turns out that way or not does not determine the value of what we have done. ? Mother Teresa 32 people liked it like Prayer makes your heart bigger, until it is capable of containing the gift of God himself. Prayer begets faith, faith begets love, and love begets service on behalf of the poor. ? Mother Teresa tags: prayer 32 people liked it like Love begins at home, and it is not how much we do... but how much love we put in that action ? Mother Teresa tags: love 32 people liked it like A joyful heart is the normal result of a heart burning with love. She gives most who gives with joy. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: joy , love 31 people liked it like If I look at the mass I will never act. ? Mother Teresa tags: activism , apathy , genocide , helplessness , inspirational , power 29 people liked it like Prayer is the mortar that holds our house together.

? Mother Teresa Mother Teresa quotes (showing 101-150 of 157) We too are called to withdraw at certain intervals into deeper silence and aloneness with God, together as a community as well as personally; to be alone with Him not with our books, thoughts, and memories but completely stripped of everything to dwell lovingly in His presence, silent, empty, expectant, and motionless. We cannot find God in noise or agitation. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: solitude 27 people liked it like Do small things, with great love. ? Mother Teresa tags: faith-reason 27 people liked it like If we want a love message to be heard, it has got to be sent out. To keep a lamp burning, we have to keep putting oil in it. ? Mother Teresa 26 people liked it like Holiness does not consist in doing extraordinary things. It consists in accepting, with a smile, what Jesus sends us. It consists in accepting and following the will of God. ? Mother Teresa, Mother Teresa: In My Own Words tags: holiness 26 people liked it like We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty. We must start in our own homes to remedy this kind of poverty. ? Mother Teresa 25 people liked it like Spread love everywhere you go: first of all in your own home. Give love to your children, to your wife or husband, to a next door neighbor . . . Let no one ever come to you without leaving better and happier. Be the living expression of God's kindness; kindness in your face, kindness in your eyes, kindness in your smile, kindness in your warm greeting. ? Mother Teresa tags: love 25 people liked it like One of the greatest diseases is to be nobody to anybody ? Mother Teresa 24 people liked it like Seeking the face of God in everything, everyone, all the time, and his hand in every happening; This is what it means to be contemplative in the heart of the world. Seeing and adoring the presence of Jesus, especially in the lowly appearance of bread, and in the distressing disguise of the poor. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: contemplation 24 people liked it like He who is faultless does not care for the opinion of others.

? Mother Teresa 23 people liked it like One filled with joy preaches without preaching. ? Mother Teresa 22 people liked it like There is a terrible hunger for love. We all experience that in our lives - the pain, the loneliness. We must have the courage to recognize it. The poor you may have right in your own family. Find them. Love them. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational 22 people liked it like Do not think that love, in order to be genuine, has to be extraordinary. What we need is to love without getting tired. ? Mother Teresa tags: love , religious 20 people liked it like In the home begins the disruption of the peace of the world. ? Mother Teresa tags: peace 19 people liked it like The biggest diease today is not leprosy or tuberculosis, but rather the feeling of being unwanted, uncared for, and deserted by everybody. ? Mother Teresa 19 people liked it like In the final analysis it is between you and God, it was never between you and them anyway. ? Mother Teresa tags: inspirational , poetry 19 people liked it like It is easy to love the people far away. It is not always easy to love those close to us. It is easier to give a cup of rice to relieve hunger than to relieve the loneliness and pain of someone unloved in our own home. Bring love into your home for this is where our love for each other must start. ? Mother Teresa 19 people liked it like Joy must be one of the pivots of our life. It is the token of a generous personality. Sometimes it is also a mantle that clothes a life of sacrifice and self-giving. A person who has this gift often reaches high summits. He or she is like sun in a community. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: joy 18 people liked it like There is a light in this world, a healing spirit more powerful than any darkness we may encounter. We sometimes lose sight of this force when there is suffering, too much pain. Then suddenly, the spirit will emerge through the lives of ordinary people who hear a call and answer in extraordinary ways. ? Mother Teresa tags: pain , spirit , suffering

18 people liked it like Each of us is merely a small instrument; all of us, after accomplishing our mission, will disappear. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: mortality 17 people liked it like People are often unreasonable, illogical, and self-centered: Forgive them anyway. If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives: Be kind anyway. If you are successful you will win some false friends and true enemies: Succeed anyway. If you are honest and frank people will try to cheat you: Be honest anyway. What you spend years building, someone could destroy overnight: Build anyway. If you find serenity and happiness, they may be jealous of you: Be happy anyway. The good you do today, will often be forgotten by tomorrow: Do good anyway. Give the world the best you have, and it may never be enough: Give your best anyway. You see, in the final analysis, it is between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway. ? Mother Teresa 17 people liked it like Spread love everywhere you go. Let no one ever come to you without leaving happier. ? Mother Teresa 17 people liked it like Why can't there be love that never gets tired? ? Mother Teresa 17 people liked it like Christ came to be Father's compassion to the world. Be kind in your actions. Do not think that you are the only one who can do efficient work, work worth showing. This makes you harsh in your judgment of others who may not have the same talents. Do your best and trust that others do their best. And be faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: kindness 16 people liked it like Everything that is not given is lost. ? Mother Teresa 16 people liked it like Give, but give until it hurts. ? Mother Teresa tags: charity , giving 15 people liked it like If a mother can kill her own child - what is left for me to kill you and you to kill me - there is nothing between. ? Mother Teresa tags: abortion 15 people liked it like God does not require that we be successful only that we be faithful. ? Mother Teresa tags: faith , god

14 people liked it like As for me, the silence and the emptiness is so great, that I look and do not see, Listen and do not hear the tongue moves but does not speak I want you to pray for me that I let Him have free hand. ? Mother Teresa 13 people liked it like ?Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment. ? Mother Teresa 13 people liked it like In loving one another through our works we bring an increase of grace and a growth in divine love. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: love 12 people liked it like Suffering is nothing by itself. But suffering shared with the passion of Christ is a wonderful gift, the most beautiful gift, a token of love. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: love , suffering 12 people liked it like There's nothing more calming in difficult moments that knowing there's some one fighting with you. ? Mother Teresa 12 people liked it like The trees, the flowers, the plants grow in silence. The stars, the sun, the moon move in silence. Silence gives us a new perspective. ? Mother Teresa 11 people liked it like One truly must have suffered oneself to help others. ? Mother Teresa 11 people liked it like Our life of contemplation shall retain the following characteristics: missionary: by going out physically or in spirit in search of souls all over the universe. contemplative: by gathering the whole universe at the very center of our hearts where the Lord of the universe abides, and allowing the pure water of divine grace to flow plentifully and unceasingly from the source itself, on the whole of his creation. universal: by praying and contemplating with all and for all, especially with and for the spiritually poorest of the poor. ? Mother Teresa, In the Heart of the World: Thoughts, Stories and Prayers tags: contemplation 10 people liked it like Jangan mencari yang besar-besar, cukup mengerjakan yang kecil-kecil dengan cinta yang besar. Makin kecil yang kita hadapi harus makin besar cinta yang kita berikan (Come Be My Light, h. 39) ? Mother Teresa tags: besar , cinta , kecil

10 people liked it like The way you help heal the world is you start with your own family. ? Mother Teresa tags: family , heal , healing , world 10 people liked it like Keep the corners of your mouth turned up. Speak in a low, persuasive tone. Listen; be teachable. Laugh at good stories and learn to tell them...For as long as you are green, you can grow. ? Mother Teresa 9 people liked it like When you have nothing left but God,you have more than enough to start over again. ? Mother Teresa 9 people liked it like People are unreasonable, illogical, and self-centered. Love them anyway. If you do good, people may accuse you of selfish motives. Do good anyway. If you are successful, you may win false friends and true enemies. Succeed anyway. The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway. Honesty and transparency make you vulnerable. Be honest and transparent anyway. What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight. Build anyway. People who really want help may attack you if you help them. Help them anyway. Give the world the best you have and you may get hurt. Give the world your best anyway. ? Mother Teresa 9 people liked it like When a poor person dies of hunger it has not happened because God did not take care of him or her. It has happened because neither you nor I wanted to give that person what he or she needed. ? Mother Teresa 7 people liked it like At the hour of death when we come face-to-face with God, we are going to be judged on love; not how much we have done, but how much love we put into the doing. ? Mother Teresa 6 people liked it like Let no one ever come to you without leaving better and happier. ? Mother Teresa 6 people liked it like I have more often as my companion "darkness." And when the night becomes very thick- and it seems to me as if I will end up in hell- then I simply offer myself to Jesus. ? Mother Teresa 6 people liked it like But still, everything is for Jesus; so like that everything is beautiful, even though it is difficult. ? Mother Teresa, Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light 6 people liked it like If you are joyful, do not worry about lukewarmness. Joy will shine in your eyes and in your look, in your conversation and in your countenance. You will not be able to hide it because joy overflows. ? Mother Teresa, A Life For God: The Mother Teresa Reader tags: inspirational , joy

5 people liked it like Let us touch the dying, the poor, the lonely and the unwanted according to the graces we have received and let us not be ashamed or slow to do the humble work.

DISCOVERIES
A James William Abert (USA, 1820-1897) 1845: Explores the upper reaches of the Canadian River. Antonio de Abreu (Portugal, dates unkown) 1511-1512: Captain of the first Portuguese expedition to the Moluccas. Tbe Portuguese Empire Luigi Amedeo di Savoia, Duke of the Abruzzi (Italy, 1873-1933) 1897: First to ascend Mount St. Elias 1899-1900: Leader of an expedition to try to reach the North Pole by dogsleds from Franz Jozefland. 1906: Climbs and explores the Ruwenzori Mountains 1909: Tries to climb the K2 Cristbal de Acua (Spain, 1597?-1676) 1639: Joins Teixeira on his voyage back down the Amazon. His journal is the first published description of the Amazon. William Adams (England, 1575?-1620) 1598-1600: Joins a Dutch Expedition to reach the East Indies by way of the Straits of Magelha&etilde;s. With his ship reaches Japan, where he becomes a favorite of Shogun Iyeyasu and remains for the rest of his life, holding an important position at the Shogun's court. Mahu and de Cordes The Voyage of 'de Liefde' Aelius Gallus (Rome) 25 BC: Undertakes a failed attempt to conquer Yemen. The Roman period Jos de Azlor y Virto de Vera, Marqus de San Miguel de Aguayo (Spain, ?-1734) 1720-2: Governor of Coahuila and Texas. 1721-2: Reconquers Texas on the French, builds various missions and presidios. Aguayo Expedition Jernimo de Aguilar (Spain, 1489?-1531?) 1511: Shipwrecks off the coast of Yucatan. Lives among the Maya. 1519: Picked up by the expedition of Cortes, for which he becomes an interpreter. Pedro de Aguirre (Spain, 1678-?) 1708: With Espinosa and Olivares, travels through Texas to the Colorado River. Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition Antn de Alaminos (Spain, dates unknown)

1502-4: Pilot on Columbus's fourth voyage. 1513: Chief pilot on Ponce de Leon's expedition to Florida. Regarded discoverer of the Gulf Stream. 1517: Pilot to Crdoba. Visits Yucatn and Florida. 1518: Pilot to Grijalva. Discovers Cozumel, explores the Tabasco River (now Grijalva) and reaches the Pnuco River. 1518: Pilot of Corts' expedition to Mexico. 1519: Pilot of Pineda's expedition. Explores the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Hernando de Alarcn (Spain, 1500-?) 1540: Ships supplies for Coronado north along the Mexican coast. Navigates up the Colorado River. California Discovered Coronado Charles Albanel (France, 1613/1616-1696) Jesuit priest who travelled around Canada. 1670-1672: Travels to the Hudson Bay to confirm the English presence there. 1673-1676: Travels again to the Hudson Bay, is imprisoned by the English and sent to England, then France. Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal, 1453-1515) Second and greatest of the Portuguese viceroys of India (1509-1515). Conquers Hormuz (1507), Goa (1510) and Malakka (1511), and sends out the first Portuguese to the Moluccas. The Portuguese Empire Alexander the Great (Macedonia, 356-323 BC) King of Macedonia. 343-323: Conquers the Persian empire, visits Egypt and reaches Central Asia and India. 323: Sends out expeditions to the Caspian Sea and Arabia. Greek Explorers Ali Bey (also known as Domingo Badia, Spain) 1801: Visits Mecca and determines the exact position of the city. Diego de Almagro (Spain, 1474?-1538) 1524-1528: With Pizarro and Bartolome de la Ruiz, explores the South American west coast, and learns about the Inca empire 1531-1535: With Pizarro, conquers Peru. 1535-1537: Travels south from Peru, but returns when he finds no riches. 1537-1538: Revolts against Pizarro, and is beheaded by the latter's men. Abdul Hassan ibn Ali Al-Mas'udi (Arabia, ca.890-957) Geographer and historian. Visited Spain, Central Asia, China and East Africa. Abul Hasan Ali al-Masu'di (same text, different site) Lszlo Almsy (Hungary, ?-1951) 1929: Drives across Sahara in two motorcars, and rediscovers an old caravan route from West Africa to Egypt. 1932: Using a light airplane, explores Gilf Kebir the Lybian desert. 1933: Continues the exploration of Gilf Kebir by land. Discovers prehistoric rock paintings in Ain Dua. Desert Love: Lszl Almsy, the Real "English Patient" Lszl Almsy, the Real Hungarian desert explorer Exploration or intelligence: Lszl Almsy and the mapping of the Lybian desert before World War II

Francisco de Almeida (Portugal, 1450?-1510) 1505-1509: First Portuguese viceroy of India. 1509: Gains a decisive victory over a Muslim fleet in the naval battle of Diu. The Portuguese Empire Hernando de Alvarado (Spain, dates unknown 1540: Sent out by Coronado in a reconnaisance expedition to the northeast. Pedro de Alvarado (Spain, 1485?-1541) 1520: Leader of the Spanish in Tenochtitln while Cortez is away to beat Narvez. Massacres a number of Aztecs. 1523: Conquers Guatemala. 1533-1535: Travels to Peru, attempting to take his share in the conquest of the Inca empire. 1540-1541: Intends to look for Cibola by sea, but is killed fighting in the Mixtn war (an Indian revolt in northwest Mexico) Philip Amadas (England, 1550-1618) 1584: With Barlowe, explores North Carolina in Raleigh's service, looking for a good place for a colony. 1585: Joins the expedition that brings the first colonists to Roanoke. Roanoke Revisited Roald Amundsen (Norway, 1872-1928) 1903-1906: First to navigate the Northwest passage. 1911-1912: First to reach the South Pole 1918-1920: Navigates the Northeast passage. 1925: With Ellsworth flies over the Arctic Ocean. 1926: With Ellsworth and Nobile reaches the North Pole by airship. 1928: Dies during a rescue expedition to find Nobile, who had crashed while trying to reach the North Pole by aircraft. Where none have gone before: The life of Roald Amundsen (same text, different site) Roald Amundsen (Alone on the Ice) Antarctic Explorers: Roald Amundsen Fram 1910-12 Amundsen wins the race to the south pole Who they really are! The Great Explorers: Roald Amundsen Antonio de Andrade (Portugal, 1580-1634) Jesuit missionary 1624: Under disguise travels to Chaparangue (western Tibet). 1625: Establishes a mission post in Chaparangue. Salomon August Andre (Sweden, 1854-1897) 1896-1897: Tries to reach the North Pole by balloon. Crashes and dies, possibly of carbon monoxide poisoning. George Anson (England, 1697-1762) 1740-1744: Circumnavigates. Captures a Peruvian town and a Spanish Manilla galleon. Anson, George (in German) Juan Bautista de Anza (Spain, 1736-1788)

1774: Finds an overland route from Tubac, Sonora, Mexico to Monterey, California 1775-1776: Leads a group of 300 colonists from Mexico to California. 1779: Finds a route between Santa Fe, New Mexico and Arizpe, Sonora. Captain Juan Bautista de Anza Juan Bautista de Anza - Blazed the Anza Trail Henryk Arctowski (Poland, 1871-1958) Scientist on the De Gerlache-expedition to Antarctica. Adrien de Gerlache William Ashley (USA, 1778?-1838) Enlisted men in 1822 for the Rocky Mountains fur trade. Started the method of 'Rendez-vous' and semi-independent fur trappers. John Jacob Astor (Germany (lived in USA), 1763-1848) New York businessman who from 1810 to 1813 owned a fort at the mouth of the Columbia. The Astorians John James Audubon (France (lived in USA), 1785-1851) Important early-nineteenth-century North American ornithologist. John James Audubon 1785-1851 John James Audubon John James Audubon John James Audubon gallery Joo Afonso de Aveiro (Portugal, dates unknown) 1486: First European to visit the kingdom of Benin (in Nigeria). The coast of Africa Pedro Menendez de Aviles (Spain, 1519-1574) 1565: Governor of Florida. Destroys and massacres the existing Huguenote colony, and establishes St. Augustine, the oldest still existing European colony in North America. Huguenotes and Spanish in Florida The history of St. Augustine Lucas Vsquez de Ayllon (Spain, ?-1526) 1524: Explores the east coast of North America, looking for a place to colonize. 1526: Establishes a short-lived colony near present-day Jamestown. Fernando de Azcu (Spain, dates unknown) 1665: Fights the Cacaxtle Indians in Texas. George Back (England, 1796-1878) 1819-1822: With Richardson and Franklin, explores the Canadian Arctic coast from the mouth of the Coppermine to Bathurst Inlet. - timeline 1825-1827: With Richardson and Franklin, follows the Canadian coast from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Cape Beechey. - timeline 1833-1835: Discovers the Great Fish River (Back), and follows it to the sea. - timeline William Baffin (England, 1584-1622) 1615: With Bylot, explores the northern Hudson Bay, and concludes that it does not provide a northwest passage. 1616: With Bylot, maps Davis Strait and Baffin Bay looking for the northwest passage.

Sir Samuel White Baker (England, 1821-1893) 1861-1864: With his wife, Florence Baker, travels up the Nile and discovers Lake Albert. 1869-1873: Governor of Sudan for the khedive of Egypt. Leads a military campaign against slave traders on the upper Nile. Seekers of the Source Samuel White Baker: The Nile tributaries of Abyssinia, and the sword hunters of the Hamran arabs Samuel White Baker: Eight Years' Wanderings In Ceylon Vasco Nuez de Balboa (Spain, 1475?-1519) 1510: Establishes the colony of Darin and becomes its first governor. 1513: Crosses the isthmus of Panama and discovers the Pacific. Alfonso Gonalves Baldaya (Portugal) 1435: With Eannes follows the African west coast to 320 km south of Cape Bojador 1436: Reaches Cape Blanco The African coast Sir Joseph Banks (England, 1743-1820) 1768-1771: Main naturalist on Cook's first voyage. 1788: Founder of the African Society, which would organize several expeditions to Africa, especially to the Niger. Aleksandr Baranov (Russia, 1747-1819) Manager of the Russian colony in Alaska from 1788 till 1817, and de facto governor from 1799 onwards. 1791: Explores the Aleutians. 1792: Moves the Russian headquarters on Kodiak island to a better position, at present-day Kodiak. 1793,1795: Explores the coast of Alaska 1799: Founds New Archangel (Sitka), from then on the capital of Russian America. 1804: Re-founds Sitka that had been deserted after Indian attacks. 1812: Establishes Fort Russ (Fort Ross) in California, extending the Russian territory southward. 1815: Builds a fort on Kauai, Hawaii. The History of Castle Hill (Sitka) Willem Barentsz (Netherlands, 1550?-1597) 1594: Follows the east coast of Nova Zembla, looking for the northeast passage. 1595: Makes another failed attempt to sail the northeast passage. 1596-1597: With van Heemskerck, discovers Beren Island (Berenya) and Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and rounds the northern tip of Nova Zembla. Winters on Nova Zembla, but dies of scurvy on the return voyage. Dutch explorer sought northerly route to the Indies The wintering at Novaya Zemlya, 1596-1597 Willem Barentsz and the Northeast passage The Northern Route: Willem Barents Arthur Barlowe (England, 1550?-1620) 1584: In Raleigh's service, with Amadas explores the coasts of North Carolina looking for a place for a colony. Francis Barrallier (France) 1802: Makes an attempt to cross the Australian Blue Mountains

Juan Enrquez Barroto (Spain/Mexico, 1660?-1693) 1686: Looking for La Salle, circumnavigates the Gulf of Mexico, visits Pensacola Bay, Mobile Bay and the Mississippi. 1688: Serving under Pez, visits the coast of Texas after rumours of a French settlement in the area. 1692: With Tern, wants to explore the Mississippi as a route to the Spanish Texan colonies, but fails because of adverse weather conditions. Heinrich Barth (Germany, 1821-1865) 1850-1855: Joins a British expedition across the Sahara, with Richardson and Overweg. He visits Marzuq, Ghat, the Air mountains, Agadez, Katsina, Kano, Kukawa and Timbuktu, and explores Lake Chad. George Bass (England, 1771-1812?) 1795: With Flinders, explores Port Hacking, south of Sydney. 1797-1798: Follows the Australian coast from Sydney southward upto Western Port (near Melbourne), showing that Tasmania is an island 1798-1799: With Flinders, circumnavigates Tasmania and sails up the Derwent. George Bass Pacific Explorers Library: George Bass Matthew Flinders Rodrigo de Bastidas (Spain, 1460?-1526) 1501: With Juan de La Cosa, explores the South American coast from Trinidad to Panama. 1526: Establishes a colony, Santa Marta, on the coast of Colombia. Henry Walter Bates (England, 1825-1892) Entomologist, famous for his theory of mimicry. 1848-1859: Partly with Wallace does biological research in the Amazon area. Henry Walter Bates Henry Walter Bates (1825-1892) Bates and some toucans Thomas Nicolas Baudin (France, 1754-1803) 1800-1803: Maps the Australian coast, especially the parts between Sydney and Encounter Bay. France's Role in Exploring Australia's Coastline James Pierson (Jim) Beckwourth (USA, 1798-1866) 1823: Joins Ashley's fur-trapping expedition to the Rocky Mountains. 1824-1830: Lives among the Crow Indians, and marries a Crow woman. Discovers Beckwourth Pass Edward Belcher (England) 1852-1854: Leads an expedition to search for Franklin. Gertrude Margaret Lothian Bell (England, 1868-1926) 1899-1924: Makes several voyages through the Middle East. 1913-1914: Visits Ha'il in Saudi Arabia. The Gertrude Bell Project Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell Daughter of the Desert Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (also known as Thaddeus von Bellingshausen, Russia, 17781852)

1820-1821: Circumnavigates at a very southernly latitude (mostly south of 60). Discovers Peter Island and Alexander I island, the first land to be discovered south of the Antarcticc circle. Sebastin de Benalczar (also known as Belalczar, Spain, 1495?-1551) 1533: Conquers Quito. 1535: Pushes northward into the Muisca kingdom (Colombia), looking for El Dorado, but finds that Jimenez de Queseda has already conquered the area. Early Spanish expeditions to Colombia Floyd Bennett (USA, 1890-1928) 1925-1928: Byrd's main assistant. Experienced aircraft pilot and mechanic. 1926: With Byrd, first to fly over the North Pole. James Theodore Bent (England, 1852-1897) 1893-1894: With his wife Mabel Bent reaches Wadi Hadhramaut. Vitus Bering (Denmark, 1681-1741) 1725-1729: Travels through Siberia to Kamtchatka. Follows the coast northward through Bering Strait, thus showing that Asia and America are not connected. 1733-1742: Leader of the Great Northern Expedition, which explored and mapped large parts of Siberia and the North Pacific. 1740-1742: Crosses the north Pacific from Kamchatka to Alaska, follows the Alaskan coast and the Aleoutians, but dies of scurvy on Bering Island. Alexandr Chirikov Joseph Elzar Bernier (Canada, 1852-1934) 1906-1911: Travels through the Canadian Arctic to assert Canadian sovereignty over the region. 1912-1917, 1922-1925: Makes several more voyages to the Canadian Arctic. Ulysses of the Arctic Joseph-Elzr Bernier: Arctic Mariner Jean de Bethencourt (France, 1360?-1422) 1402-1406: Conquers and colonizes the Canaries. The coast of Africa Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville (France/Canada, 1680-1767) 1697-9: Joins Iberville on his expedition to found a fort at Biloxi. 1699-1700: Explores the lower Mississippi and Red Rivers. 1702-1712: Commander of the French colony; moves the main fort twice, finally putting it at the place of present-day Mobile. 1716: Founds New Orleans Hiram Bingham (USA, 1875-1956) 1906-1914: Makes 5 voyages to South America. 1911: Discovers the Inca city Machu Picchu. John Biscoe (?-1848) 1830-2: Circumnavigates Antarctica. Discovers Enderby Land and some islands west of Graham Land. Samuel Black (UK) 1824: Explores the headwaters of the Peace and the Finlay River.

Gregory Blaxland (England, 1778-1853) 1813: First to cross the Australian Blue Mountains. Gregory Blaxland - Blaxland, Wentworth & Lawson Pacific Explorers Library: Gregory Blaxland Blaxland, Lawson & Wentworth William Bligh (England, 1754-1817) 1787-1789: Sails the Bounty to Tahiti to obtain breadfruit to transport to the West Indies. After a mutiny on the return voyage manages to navigate from the Friendly Islands to Timor on an open boat. 1791: Travels again to Tahiti and obtains breadfruit that is brought to Jamaica. Charts the northeast coast of Australia. 1805-1810: Captain general of New South Wales, the last two years as a prisoner of mutineers. Captain Bligh's awful voyage William Bligh Colonial: William Bligh Mutiny on the HMS Bounty William Bligh (1754-1817) Bligh, William Wilfred Scaven Blunt (England, 1840-1922) 1878: With his wife, Lady Anne Blunt, travels from Damascus to Ha'il (Arabia) to buy horses. Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra (Spain, 1743-1794) 1775: Second-in-command to Bruno de Hezeta's expedition to explore the Californian coastline. When Hezeta does not want to go on, Bodega leaves him and pushes on alone. He reaches 5830' N. 1779: Second-in-command to the expedition of Ignacio de Arteaga, which explores Bucareli Sound, and reaches Afognak Island (near Kodiak, Alaska). Domingo de Bonechea (Spain, 1730?-1775) 1772-3: Attempts to claim Easter Island and Tahiti for Spain. Explores the Tuamotu-archipelago. 1774-5: Travels again to Tahiti and discovers various islands of Tuamotu. Dies on Tahiti. George Bogle (Scotland, 1746-1781) 1774: Travels to Tibet to try to start English-Tibetan trade relationships. Visits the Panchen Lama in Tashilhumpo. Francisco Leyva de Bonilla (Portugal, dates unknown) 1594-7?: Leader of an (illegal) expedition to New Mexico. Moves on to Kansas and Nebraska, but is killed in a quarrel with his second-in-command Humaa. Aim Bonpland (France, 1773-1858) 1799-1800: With Von Humboldt, explores the Orinoco and confirms the existence of the Casiquiare, a 'natural channel' connecting the Orinoco and Rio Negro rivers. Makes important biological observations. 1801-3: With Von Humboldt, travels through Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Makes scientific observations. Aim Bonpland Naturalista (in Spanish) Humboldt & Bonpland Alexander von Humboldt Benjamin Louis Eulalie de Bonneville (USA, 1796-1878) 1832-1835: Lives in the Rocky Mountain area, trapping fur and gathering intelligence. 1833: Sends out Walker to explore the area west of the Great Salt Lake.

Daniel Boone (USA, 1734-1820) 1769: From North Carolina goes to Kentucky through the Cumberland Gap and explores the area. 1775: Leads the first American colonists into Kentucky, starting the "Wilderness Road". Establishes a fort, Boonesborough, near present-day Lexington. 1799: Settles in Missouri, then Spanish property. Daniel Boone - Myth and Reality Daniel Boone - American Pioneer and Trailblazer autobiography Life and adventures of Col. Daniel Boone (18th century biography) Daniel Boone Homestead - alternative site Carsten Borchgrevink (Norway (lived in Australia), 1864-1934) 1894-1895: Joins Leonard Kristensen on an expedition to the southern seas. As far as known, members of this expedition are the first to set food on mainland Antarctica. 1898-1900: Leads a British expedition to Antarctica. First to winter in Antarctica. The first overwintering on the continent Fernando del Bosque (Spain, dates unknown) 1674: Leads an expedition in Texas. Bosque-Larios expedition Louis Antoine de Bougainville (France, 1729-1811) 1763: Attempts to colonize the Falkland Islands. 1766-1769: Circumnavigates. Visits Tuamotu, Tahiti, Samoa and Vanuatu. Discovers the Great Barrier Reef, Bougainville and Choiseul. A short biography of Louis-Antoine Bougainville Bougainville, Louis-Antoine de (in German) Bougainville Bougainville (in French, emphasizes on his officership during the seven-year war) Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier (France, 1704-1786) 1738-1739: Explores the southern Indian Ocean, and discovers Bouvet Island (Bouvetya), believing it to be a cape of the southern continent. Louise Arner Boyd (USA, 1887-1972) 1928: Takes part in the search for Amundsen. 1931-1938: Undertakes four voyages of exploration to northeast Greenland. 1955: First woman to fly over the North Pole. William Bradford (England, 1590-1657) Governor of the Pilgrim colony of Plymouth most of the time between 1621 to 1656. The Mayflower Web Pages The History of Thanksgiving The Mayflower Compact Edward Bransfield (England) 1819-20: Maps the South Shetland Islands, the tip of Graham Land and several islands in the region. Jeroen Franois: Antarctica in sight Pierre-Paul-Franois-Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (France, born Italian, 1852-1905) 1874-1878: From Gabon travels inland and finds the source of the Ogowe.

1879-1882: Travels to the Congo, and convinces the Bateke ruler to take his kingdom under French protection, thus starting French Congo and French possession of large parts of Central Africa. 1886-1898: Governor-general of French Congo. Saint Brendan (Ireland, 484?-577?) Is claimed to have made a long sea voyage over the Atlantic. The story is probably a compendium of stories from several Irish monks. Irish and Vikings James Bridger (USA, 1804-1881) (aka Jim Bridger) Mountain man, leader or guide to several expeditions to the Rocky Mountains area. 1824: Discovers the Great Salt Lake. 1827: Discovers South Pass. 1830: First European to reach what is now Yellowstone Park. 1843: Establishes Fort Bridger, a stop on the Oregon Trail. 1850: Discovers Bridger's Pass. James Bridger James Bridger Fort Bridger Fort Bridger State Historic Site Hendrick Brouwer (Netherlands, 1580-1643) 1611: Finds a better route from South Africa to Java, sailing eastward until reaching the right longitude, then turning north to Java. 1643: Travels to Chili to fight the Spanish and look for gold. Dies of illness. James Bruce (Scotland, 1730-1794) 1768-1773: Travels through Ethiopia and finds the source of the Blue Nile. Renaissance Man - James Bruce of Kinnaird James Bruce (1730-1794) William Spiers Bruce 1902-1905: Undertakes oceanographic and other scientific exploration in the South Atlantic and the Weddell Sea. Playing the bagpipes between penguins Etienne Brul (France, 1592?-1633) From 1610 onwards lives most of his life among the Huron Indians. 1611: Reaches Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. 1615-1616: With Champlain helps the Hurons in their fight against the Iroquois. With the Hurons travels south to Chesapeake Bay. Follows the Susquehanna River down to Chesapeake Bay. 1616: Is captured and tortured by the Iroquois. 1621: Reaches the western end of Lake Superior, present day Duluth. 1633: Killed and eaten by the Hurons. tienne Brul - Interpreter and Explorer Etienne Brule - A Biography Olivier Brunel (Netherlands, 1540?-1585) 1557: Reaches the White Sea. ca. 1567: Imprisoned by the Russians for espionage on request of the English. Locked away in Yaroslavl. After a few years of imprisonment, joins the Stroganov family's trading firm, and is believed to have reached the Ob with them. 1576: Returns to the Netherlands and joins the trade with Russia.

1583: Tries to reach Greenland, but gets lost in the clouds and the ice west of Iceland. 1584: Searches for the northeast passage, but does not come further than Kostin Shar, the straits south of Nova Zembla. David Buchan (UK) 1818: Tries to cross the Arctic close to the pole to Bering Strait. Does not get much further than Spitsbergen. William Burchell (UK, 1782-1863) 1810-2: Visits the Cape Colony for botanical and other research. Reaches the Kalahari desert and the confluence of Vaal and Orange and visits Lattakoo. Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (Switzerland, 1784-1817) 1813-1815: Visits southern Egypt and northern Sudan, and discovers the rock temples of Abu Simbl. Crosses the Nubian desert and visits Mecca. Robert O'Hara Burke (Ireland, 1821-1861) 1860-1861: Leader of the first expedition to cross Australia from south to north, from Melbourne, by way of Menindee and Cooper Creek to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Dies of starvation during the return trip. Stephen Burrough (England, 1525-1584) 1556: Looking for the northeast passage, reaches Vaygach, south of Nova Zembla. Richard Burton (England, 1821-1890) 1853: Joins the pilgrimage to Mecca. 1854: With Speke explores the inland of Somalia, visiting the city of Harer. 1857-1858: With Speke searches for the sources of the Nile and discovers lake Tanganyika. Doomed Explorers - Sir Richard Francis Burton Sir Richard Burton Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton Death, deceit & the Nile - on the Burton-Speke expedition Thomas Button (Wales, ca.1575-1634) 1612-1613: Trying to find the northwest passage, discovers and explores the west coast of Hudson Bay. Robert Bylot (England, dates unknown) 1610-1611: Takes part of Hudson's last expedition. Captains the ship back to England after the mutiny. 1612-1613: With Button, discovers and explores the west coast of Hudson Bay. 1615: With Baffin, explores the northern Hudson Bay, and concludes that it does not provide a northwest passage. 1616: With Baffin, maps Davis Strait and Baffin Bay looking for the northwest passage. William Baffin Richard Evelyn Byrd (USA, 1888-1957) 1926: Makes the first flight over the North Pole together with Floyd Bennett. 1928-1930: With Bernt Balcon the first to fly over the South Pole. Aids in the establishment of Little America, a permanent base on Antarctica. 1933-1935: Leads a scientific expedition to Antarctica. Remains for four months solo in a weather station during the Antarctic winter, but has to be saved because of carbon monoxide poisoning. 1946-1947: Leader of the operation High Jump, the largest Antarctic expedition upto that moment.

1955-1957: Leader of the American contribution to the Antarctic exploration in the framework of the International Geophysical Year. Antarctic Explorers: Richard E. Byrd Admiral Richard E. Byrd, 1888-1957 Due North? - did Byrd really reach the North Pole? Operation High Jump on Ross Island Byrd Polar Research Center Floyd Bennett John Byron (England, 1723-1786) 1764-1766: Circumnavigates. Explores the Falklands and discovers Byron Island and the Gilbert Islands. lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca (Spain, 1490?-1556) 1527-9: Joins the expedition of Pnfilo de Narvez to Florida. Shipwrecks on the coast of Texas and lives as a semi-prisoner among the local Indians. 1535-6: With three other survivors of the Narvez expedition, Alonso Castillo Maldonado, Andres Dorantes and Estban (Maldonado's Moorish slave), travels through Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Sonora back to Mexico. 1540: Named governor of Paraguay. Travels from the coast of Brazil to Asuncin overland. 1542: Leads an expedition up the Paraguay River. Arrested on charges of usurpating royal authority on return to Asuncin. Cabeza de Vaca, lvar Nez People in the West - Cabeza de Vaca The Journey of Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca (translation of De Vaca's own story) The Journey of Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca (different site) Windows to the Unknown (various articles) Alvar Nuez Cabeza de Vaca The Journey of Cabeza de Vaca The Estevanico Society Giovanni Caboto (better known as John Cabot, Venice (born in Genova), ca.1450-1499?) 1497: In English service crosses the Atlantic, and discovers North America, probably at or near Newfoundland. 1498: Makes a second voyage to North America, of which little is known. According to some sources explores the American coast from Baffin Island to Chesapeake Bay, according to others is lost without a trace. John Cabot John Cabot's 1497 Voyage & the Limits of Historiography - where was Cabot's first landfall? Matthew Site Home Page Patent Granted by King Henry VII to John Cabot and his Sons The John Day Letter The Pasqualigo Letter The Soncino Letters Sebastian Cabot (born as Sebastiano Caboto, Venice, 1476?-1557) 1497: Likely to have joined his father John Cabot on his first voyage. 1508-9: Explores the coast of North America, looking for the northwest passage. Might have discovered or even sailed Hudson Strait. 1526-9: In Spanish service, makes an attempt to sail around South America. Sails up the Rio de La Plata and the Paran and Paraguay, looking for silver. 1553: Governor of the Company of Merchant Adventurers (later known as Muscovy Company), which sends out expeditions to find the northeast passage and starts trade with Russia.

Sebastian Cabot John and Sebastian Cabot John & Sebastian Cabot Gonalo Velho Cabral (Portugal, dates unknown) 1429?: Sails west from Portugal and discovers the Formigas rocks, shortly east from the Azores. 1430?: Discovers Santa Maria, the first of the Azores. Pedro lvares Cabral (Portugal, 1467?-1520?) 1500-1501: Commander of the second Portuguese expedition to India. While crossing the Atlantic, discovers Brazil. Visits Calicut and trades in Cochin and Cannanore. The Portuguese Empire Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (also known as Joo Rodrigues Cabrilho, Portugal or Spain, 1498?-1543) 1542-3: Leads an expedition northward along the Pacific coast from Mexico. Discovers San Diego Bay and reaches Russian River, but dies from the complications of a broken leg after an Indian attack. Alvise da Cadamosto (Venice, 1432-1488) 1455-1456: In Portuguese service, travels along the African coast south to the Gambia to trade. 1460: Travels again to the Gambia to trade, and explores a few smaller rivers further south. While travelling to the Gambia is swept into open sea, and might have discovered the Cape Verdian Islands. Cadamosto did not make any important discoveries, except perhaps the Cape Verdian Islands, but is known because he wrote an account of his travels, which is the main source about the Portuguese trade in West Africa in the mid-fifteenth century. The coast of Africa Atoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac (France, 1658-1730) 1700: Founds the city of Detroit. Gaius Julius Caesar (Rome, 100-44 BC) 61-47: Leads military operations in Gaul, Spain, Britain and Armenia. The Roman period Umberto Cagni (Italy) 1899-1900: Second-in-command of Abruzzi's expedition to the North Pole. Led the group that actually made an attempt for the pole, and reached 8634', a new farthest north. Ren-Auguste Cailli (France, 1799-1838) 1827-8: Travels from Sierra Leone to Tombouctou. After visiting the city returns to Morocco. First European to visit Tombouctou and return alive. Pedro Caldern (Spain, 1498?-?) 1539: Captain of De Soto's base camp while the latter sets out for the interior. Verney Lovett Cameron (England, 1844-1894) 1872-5: Leads an expedition to search for Livingstone. After hearing of Livingstone's death, decides to push on. Explores Lake Tanganyika, reaches the Lualaba (upper Congo) at Nyangwe, and crosses the Congo bassin to Angola. Diogo Co (also known as Diego Cam, Portugal, 1450-?) 1482-3: Follows the African west coast south until Cape St.Mary, Angola. Makes contact with the Bakongo kingdom on the Congo.

1485-6: Makes a second voyage to southwest Africa. Sails up the Congo, and reaches Cape Cross, Namibia. It is not known whether or not he returned from this voyage. The coast of Africa Garcia Lpez de Crdenas (Spain, dates unknown) 1540: Sent out by Coronado to search for a river rumored to be further west. Discovers the Grand Canyon. Jos Cardero (Spain) 1792: Artist on the expedition of Valdes and Galiano to British Columbia Valdes and Galiano some drawings made by Cardero Elling Carlsen (Norway) 1871: Finds the remains of the 'Behouden Huys', Barentsz' wintering place on Nova Zembla. A voyage through time. The story of Barentsz' wintering hut Giovanni de Plano Carpini (Italy, 1180?-1252?) 1245-7: Travels to the court of Gyk Khan in an attempt to convince him not to attack Europe. Exploration in the Medieval Period Jan Carstensz (Netherlands, dates unknown) 1623: Explores the coast of Queensland. Is blown across the Gulf of Carpentaria, and discovers Arnhem Land and the Liverpool River. Philip Carteret (England, 1733-1796) 1766-8: Commander of the second ship of the expedition of Wallis to the Pacific. Separated from him near Cape Horn. Discovers Pitcairn Island and one of the Solomon Islands, and rediscovers Santa Cruz. Explores the islands to the north of New Guinea. Jacques Cartier (France, 1491-1557) 1534: Looking for the Northwest Passage, discovers the Strait of Belle Isle and explores the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 1535-6: Navigates up the St. Lawrence until Montreal, and winters in Canada. 1541-3: Returns to Canada, looking for the mythical kingdom of Saguenay. Les voyages de Jacques Cartier The Virtual Museum of New-France: Jacques Cartier Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva (Spain, 1540?-1590) Traces a route between Pnuco and the Mazapil mines and punishes hostile indians near the mouth of the Rio Grande. Gaspar Castao de Sosa (Portugal, dates unknown) 1590: Leads an attempt to colonize New Mexico. Thomas Cavendish (England, 1560-1592) 1586-8: Circumnavigates, raiding Spanish settlements in South America and pillaging various Spanish ships. 1591-2: Attempts to once more circumnavigate, but dies at sea in the South Atlantic. Thomas Cavendish Cavendish, Thomas (in German) Charles Chaill-Long (USA, 1842-1917)

1874: In Egyptian service, visits the king of Buganda (Uganda) for negotiations. Follows the Nile downstream from Lake Victoria to the Koruma Falls and discovers Lake Kyoga. 1875: Travels in the region around the Nile-Congo watershed. Samuel de Champlain (France, 1567?-1635) 1603: Travels to Canada. Travels up the St. Lawrence to Montreal and establishes a friendship with the Algonquins. 1604-7: Maps the American coast from Nova Scotia to Cape Cod. Founds Cape Royal (Nova Scotia) as a fur trading post. 1608-9: Founds Qubec. Joins the Algonquins and Hurons in a fight against the Iroquois and discovers Lake Champlain. 1611: Founds Montral. 1613: Travels up the Ottawa River until Allumette Island (near Pembroke). 1615-6: Travels up the Ottawa and down the French River to Georgian Bay and Lake Huron. With Brul and a group of Huron Indians, fights the Iroquois southeast of Lake Ontario. Samuel de Champlain - Geographer and Builder of a Colony Samuel Champlain (1567-1635) Samuel de Champlain Voyages The Foundation of Quebec, 1608 Samuel de Champlain's 1607 Map Richard Chancellor (England, ?-1556) 1553-4: Second-in-command of the expedition of Hugh Willoughby looking for the Northeast Passage. Gets separated from Willoughby's ship in a storm near northern Norway. Travels on to the White Sea, and meets Russians at Kholmogory on the Dina River. Visits czar Ivan the Terrible in Moscow, and receives letters inviting British trade. 1555-6: Undertakes another voyage to Moscow by the same route, but dies when his ship shipwrecks on the Scottish coast on the return voyage. Chang Ch'ien (also known as Zhang Qian, China, ?-107 BC) 138-126: Travels west from China to try to convince the Yeh-chi to form an alliance against the Hsiung-nu (Huns). Spends most of this time as a prisoner of the Huns. Reaches the Yeh-chi, but fails to convince them. 119-115: Makes a second voyage to Central Asia, reaching Fergana. Lays the foundations of Chinese trade with Central Asia, and thus of the Silk Road. The Roman period Jean-Baptiste-tienne-Auguste Charcot (France, 1867-1936) 1903-5: Explorers the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula. Charts the Palmer Archipelago, discovers Loubet Coast and explores Adelaide Island. 1908-9: Charts the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula southward to Alexander I Island, discovers Fallires Coast and Charcot Island. The gentleman among the polar explorers Semyon Chelyuskin (Russia) 1735-7: With Pronchishchev, sails east from the Lena, and makes several failed attempt to round Taimyr Peninsula. Cheng Ho (also known as Zheng He, China, 1371-1433) 1405-33: Makes seven large expedition to various countries, mostly around the Indian Ocean. Reaches Mecca and East Africa. The Admiral of the Western Seas

The Emperor's Giraffe Should the Ming End the Treasure Ship Voyages? The Voyages of Cheng Ho Cheng Ho and Suzhou - History Comes Full Circle The Great Chinese Mariner Zheng He Aleksei Chirikov (Russia, 1703-1748) 1725-30: Second-in-command of Bering's first expedition. 1733-41: Second-in-command of Bering's second expedition. Crosses Bering Sea, landing at Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Discovers Kenai Peninsula and various Aleutian Islands. Vitus Bering Hugh Clapperton (Scotland, 1788-1827) 1820-5: With Oudney and Denham crosses the Sahara, discovers Lake Chad and visits Bornu and Sokoto (in Nigeria). 1826-7: Travels from the Gulf of Guinea to Sokoto, but dies of disease and weakness. William Clark (USA, 1770-1838) 1804-6: With Meriwether Lewis, travels up the Missouri, crosses the Rocky Mountains and descends the Snake and Columbia to the Pacific. On the return voyage explores the Jefferson and Yellowstone Rivers. For links, see Meriwether Lewis John Clarke (England) 1814: Sent out to establish a trading outpost of the Hudson Bay's Company in Chipeweyan country. Tries to find a new trail, along the Lesser Slave River. Ruy Gonzlez de Clavijo (Castilia, ?-1412) 1403-?: Travels to Samarkand to try to get an alliance with Tamerlane against the Turks. Charles Clerke (England, 1741-1779) 1779: Takes over the command of Cook's expedition after the latter's death. Charts Hawaii, visits Petropavlovsk and sails through Bering Strait, but dies of tuberculosis. Jan Pieterszoon Coen (Netherlands, 1587-1629) 1618-23, 1627-9: Holds the office of governor-general, the highest function of the VOC within the East Indies. 1619: Moves the headquarters of the Dutch in the East Indies from Bantam to Batavia (Jakarta). Colaeus (Greece) ca. 630 BC: Blown out of course on the way to Egypt, discovers the Straits of Gibraltar and trades profitably in Tartessos Greek Explorers John Colter (USA, 1775?-1813) 1804-6: Joins the Lewis & Clark expedition. 1806-7: Guides fur trappers Joseph Dickson and Forrest Hancock to the Yellowstone River area. 1807: Aids Manuel Lisa iin setting up a fur trading post, Fort Raymond, at the confluence of Bighorn and Yellowstone. 1807-8: Makes a solo voyage through Wyoming, Montana and Idaho, exploring the area and trying to convince the Indians to bring furs to Fort Raymond. The Life and Times of John Colter John Colter

Christophorus Columbus (also known as Christopher Columbus and Cristbal Coln, Genova, 1451?1506) 1492-3: Crosses the Atlantic to the Bahamas, discovers Cuba and Hispaniola, and founds a colony on Hispaniola. 1493-6: Discovers several of the Lesser Antilles and founds a new colony on Hispaniola, finding the old one destroyed. Explores the Cuban south coast until Cape Cruz and discovers Jamaica. 1498: Discovers Trinidad and Venezuela. In 1500 is arrested for mis-managing his colony and taken to Spain. 1502-4: Looking for a strait to the Indian Ocean, explores the coast of Mesoamerica from Honduras to Panama. Is shipwrecked on Jamaica. Charles-Marie de la Condamine Has been alphabetized under the L Nicoll de Conti (Venice, 1395?-1469) 1414-44: From Syria travels through Baghdad to Hormuz. Visits India, being the first European to enter the Indian interior, Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, Burma, Bengal, Sumatra, Java and possibly China. Via Ciampa (Thailand), Ceylon, India, Arabia, Egypt and the Sinai returns to Italy. The Portuguese Empire Frederick Albert Cook (USA, 1865-1940) 1891-2: Participant in an expedition to Greenland led by Peary. 1893-4: Leads two expeditions to Greenland. 1897-9: Participant of the De Gerlache expedition to Antarctica. 1901: Joins a relief expedition for Peary. 1903: Climbs the Mount McKinley to a higher point than any person before him, and is the first to circumnavigate the mountain. 1906: Claims to have reached the summit of Mount McKinley, but his claim is now generally believed to be false. 1907-9: Leads a major expedition to Ellesmere Island and the surrounding area. Claims to have been the first to reach the North Pole (April 1908), but this claim is later disbelieved. About Dr. Frederick A. Cook Dr. Frederick A. Cook - An American Explorer The Cook-Peary North Pole dispute Frederick A. Cook Society James Cook (England, 1728-1779) 1766: Makes navigational maps of the area around Newfoundland, and uses a solar eclipse to determine Newfoundland's longitude. 1768-71: Travels to Tahiti to observe a transit of Venus, maps the complete coast of New Zealand, discovers and follows the east coast of Australia and is the first in 160 years to sail through Strait Torres. 1772-5: Circumnavigates at high southern latitudes, finally disproving the existence of Terra Australis. Is the first to cross the south polar circle, and reaches 7110' south. Discovers South Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands and some Pacific islands. 1776-80: Explores various islands, and discovers Christmas Island and Hawaii. Explores the North American west coast, looking for the northwest passage and sails through Bering Strait. Is killed on Hawaii in a fight with the natives. Simon de Cordes (Netherlands) 1598: Second-in-command, and after Mahu's death leader, of a Dutch attempt to reach the Indies through the Straits of Magelhaes.

Hernndez de Crdoba (also known as Hernandes de Cordova, Spain, ?-1517) 1517: Discovers Yucatn and the Mayan civilization. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado (Spain, 1510?-1554) 1540-2: Travels northward from Mexico to Cibola, believed to be a rich city in what is now New Mexico. Arriving there, he finds it is only a poor pueblo. Encamps his men in villages on the Rio Grande. He hears of riches in Quivira (in present-day Arkansas) and marches there, but again finds only poor Indian encampments. Gaspar Corte-Real (Portugal, 1450?-1501) 1500: Sails to Greenland. 1501: Travels to Greenland, Labrador and Newfoundland, but disappears. Gaspar Corte Real (in French) Portugal: Sea Exploration and Early Discoveries Joo-Vaz Corte-Real (Portugal, ?-1496) Believed by some to have discovered Newfoundland in 1472, possibly together with Pining and Ponthorst. Father of Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real. Portuguese Discoveries in North America Hernn Corts (also known as Hernando Cortez, Spain, 1484-1547) 1518-21: Travels to Mexico, founds Veracruz and conquers the Aztec empire. 1522: Named governor of New Spain (Mexico) 1524: Crosses the Yucatn Peninsula to Honduras to arrest Cristbal de Olid who had been sent out to conquer the area, but was rebelling against Corts, but when he arrives Olid has already died. 1532: Sends out an expedition from the Pacific coast of Mexico which discovers the Tres Maras islands. 1535-6: Discovers Baja California and makes a failed attempt to establish a colony. 1539: Sends out Ulloa to explore the Pacific coast of Mexico northward. Hernando Cortes (1485-1547) ( in German) The Conquest of the Aztec Empire Die Eroberung Mexikos (in German) Affirmative Action and Hernan Cortes Hernan Cortes (in French) The Conquest of Mexico Texas Explorers - Cortez Burried Mirror - Conflict of the Gods End of an Empire The Genealogy of Mexico An Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico Cosmas Indicopleustes (Greece) early 6th century: Trades from Egypt with Ethiopia, Persia, India and Ceylon. later (ca. 540): Becomes a monk, and writes his Christian topography, in which he argues for a flat world. The Roman period Pro de Covilho (also known as Pedro de Covilham, Portugal, dates unknown) 1487: Sent out to gather information on the area around the Indian Ocean. Pretending to be an Arab trader, travels from Alexandria to Aden, India, the Persian Gulf, Arabia and East Africa and visits Mecca and Medina.

1492: Back in Alexandria he is sent to Abessynia (Ethiopia). He remains there for the rest of his life, which is at least until 1524. The Portuguese Empire Allan Cunningham (England, 1791-1839) 1823: Discovers the Pandora-pass, providing a route from Bathurst to the Liverpool plains 1827: Discovers Darling Downs, a rich farming country 1828: Discovers Cunningham's Gap, providing a route from Brisbane to Darling Downs. Charts the Bremer River. Pacific Explorers Library: Allan Cunningham Allan Cunningham Peter Custis (USA, 1781-1842) 1806: Naturalist of the Red River Expedition, which travelled up the Red River but was stopped by the Spanish. Red River expedition Vasco da Gama (Portugal, 1460?-1524) 1497-9: Leader of the first Portuguese expedition to India. Finds a new route over the Atlantic Ocean, taking a great bend to the west instead of following the African coast. 1502-4: Leader of a large expedition to the Indies. Attacks several African cities and kills all passengers on a ship filled with pilgrims from Mecca. Trades in Cochin and attacks Calicut. 1524: Sent to India to battle corruption, but dies of illness a few months after arrival. The Portuguese Empire Eduard Dallmann (Germany, 1830-1896) 1873-4: Hunts for whales near the Antarctic Peninsula. Charts Graham Land. 1884-5: Navigates 60km upstream the Sepik (New Guinea). timeline (in German) William Dampier (England, 1651-1715) Spends most of his years from 1681 one as a buccaneer. 1686-91: Guides a pirat ship from Mexico to Guam and the Philippines. After mutineers have left captain Charles Swan behind, he visits New Holland (Australia) and roams through Southeast Asia. 1698-9: Leads a navy expedition to search for Terra Australis. Explores western Australia and the Dampier archipelago, discovers New Britain and shipwrecks on Ascension. Darius I (Persia, reign 521-486 BC) 516: Failed expedition against the Scythians around the Danube. ca. 510: Sends out ships from the Indus to Egypt. 492, 490: Twice attempts and fails to conquer Greece. He also made military gains in the Caucasus and Punjab. Greek Explorers Charles Robert Darwin (England, 1809-1882) 1831-6: Naturalist on Fitzroy's expedition. Travels through the coastal regions of South America, collects specimens and fossils, witnesses a great earthquake in Chile and visits the Galpagos and several other islands. 1858: Together with Wallace, presents the Theory of Evolution. Life and Times of Charles Darwin The Charles Darwin page Darwin at Tierra del Fuego The Voyage of the Beagle: site 1, site 2

autobiography Alexandra David-Nel (France, 1868-1969) 1911-1917: Travels through India, Sikkim, Burma, Vietnam, Korea and Japan. 1918: From Beijing, travels to Kumbum, a monastery on the Chinese-Tibetan border, and stays there for more than 3 years, studying Buddhism and translating holy texts. 1921-5: Travels from Kumbum to Lhasa and stays in the city incognito for two months, then returning to India. 1937-45: Lives in China and Tibet. same site in French interview with Barbara and Michael Foster (biographers of David-Neel, real audio) John Davis (England, 1550?-1605) 1585: Looking for the northwest passage, follows the west coast of Greenland to present-day Godthaab, then crosses Davis Strait and explores the entrance to Cumberland Sound. 1586: Explores the coasts of Greenland and Davis Strait. 1587: Follows the Greenland coast north to 72 North (Upernavik), explores the coast of Baffinland and rediscovers the entrance to Strait Hudson. 1598: Pilot of one of the first Dutch voyages to the East Indies. 1601-1603: Pilot of the first voyage of the East India Company. 1605: Pilot of an expedition of a rival group to the East Indies. Killed by Japanese pirates. John Davis - 1585, 1586, 1587 John Day (England) 1480: Sends out the first of several Bristol voyages trying to find land in the west. Some claim that Newfoundland has been found on one of these voyages between 1480 and 1497. Peter Warren Dease (UK) 1837-9: With Thomas Simpson charts the Canadian and Alaskan North Coast from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Point Barrow and from the mouth of the Coppermine to Bootha peninsula. Peter Warren Dease and Thomas Simpson Dease, Peter Warren Bento De Goes (Portugal, 1562-1607) alphabetized under the G Alonso De Len (also known as Alonzo DeLeon, Spain, 1639-1691) 1686: Leads an expedition to the Rio Grande, looking for La Salle. 1687: Crosses the Rio Grande and travels along the Texan coast. 1688: Finds Jarry in western Texas, and brings him to Mexico. 1689: Finds the ruins of Fort St.Louis, the fort La Salle had built in Texas. 1690: Founds a mission and a settlement in east Texas. De Len, Alonso Alonzo DeLeon George Washington De Long (USA, 1844-1881) 1879-81: Attempts to reach the North Pole by ship through Bering Strait. After his ship is crushed by the ice, escapes with 32 crew members in open boats, reaches the New Siberian Islands and from there the Lena delta, where De Long as well as several other members of the expedition die of starvation. Dixon Denham (England, 1786-1828)

1821-5: With Clapperton and Oudney, crosses the Sahara from Tripoli to Bornu and discovers Lake Chad. Hugh Clapperton Ippolito Desideri (Italy, 1684-1733) 1715-6: Travels with Freyre from Delhi to Leh and then through Tibet to Lhasa. Remains in Lhasa until 1721 and studies Tibetan language and culture. Semen Ivanov Dezhnev (also known as Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov, Russia, 1605-1672) 1648: Descends the Kolyma River and navigates along the Siberian Arctic coast and through Bering Strait to the Chukotski Peninsula. Bartolomeu Dias (also known as Bartholomew Diaz, Portugal, 1450?-1500) 1487-8: Follows the African coast southward, missing the Cape of Good Hope in a storm and reaching the south coast at Mossel Bay. Follows the coast further east until the mouth of the Great Fish River, and discovers the Cape of Good Hope on the return voyage. 1497: Establishes a trading post in Elmina (Ghana). 1500: Accompanies Cabral on his voyage to India, but is lost with his complete ship in a storm near the Cape of Good Hope. The coast of Africa Dinis Dias (Portugal, dates unknown) 1445: Discovers Cape Verde, the westernmost point of Africa. The coast of Africa Melchior Daz (Spain, ?-1540) 1540: Sent forward by Francisco de Coronado to scout Cibola. 1540: Sent to the mouth of the Colorado by Coronado to meet Alarcn, who would go there with supply ships for Coronado, but finds that the latter has already left. California discovered Peter Dillon (UK, 1788-1847) 1826: Finds remnants of the expedition of La Prouse on the Santa Cruz, and hears that La Prouse has shipwrecked on Vanikoro. 1827-8: Visits Vanikoro, collects information about the shipwreck and brings back a number of objects from the expedition. Francisco Atanasio Dominguez (Spain) 1776-7: With Escalante explores the area east of Santa Fe, looking for a route to California. Explores Colorado, Utah and Arizona. Andrs Dorantes de Carranza (Spain)D 1535-7: Survivor of the Narvaez expedition. With Cabeza de Vaca, Maldonado and Esteban/Estevanico (Dorantes's slave) travels from Texas to Mexico on foot. Dorantes de Carranza, Andrs Andres Dorantes de Carranza Windows to the Unknown - Cabeza de Vaca The Estevanico Society Agvan Dorjiev (Russia, 1853-1938) Buriat Buddhistic lama Studied in Tibet, became a teacher to the Dalai Lama. 1898, 1900, 1901: Travels to Moscow as a Tibetan representative.

1904: Flees from Lhasa for the British attack. Charles Montagu Doughty (England, 1843-1926) 1876-8: Travels through Arabia, living among bedouin tribes. Francis Drake (England, 1541?-1596) 1570: Privateers on the Panaman coast 1572-3: Returns to Panama, sacks the city of Nombre de Dios, captures the Spanish silver train and crosses the isthmus of Panama. 1577-80: Circumnavigates, being blown south in a storm coming from the Straits of Magellan sees that Tierra del Fuegos is an island, captures several Spanish ships, follows the coast north, probably to present day Vancouver Island and crosses the Pacific to the Philippines and the Moluccas. 1588: Plays an important role in the defeat of the Spanish armada. 1595-6: With Hawkins, leads an unsuccesfull expedition to capture Spanish settlements in the West Indies. Sir Francis Drake A Very Basic Biographical Sketch of Francis Drake Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake (the capture of the Silver Train) A Synopsis of the Circumnavigation Sir Francis Drake - several pages on Drake. Sir Francis Drake The controversy: Where did Drake stay in California? * Francis Drake in Nova Albion - The Mystery Restored: It is still unknown * Location of 'Nova Albion' still a mystery to historians: various theories * Drake's Bay - Unravelling California's Great Maritime Mystery: Campbell Cove, Bodega Bay * Sir Francis Drake the Buccaneer: Whale Cove, Oregon * Determination of Latitude by Francis Drake: Bodega Bay Erich Dagobert von Drygalski (Germany, 1865-1949) 1901-3: Sails south from Kerguelen to Antarctica and conducts important scientific research. Adventures during the Antarctic winter timeline (in German) Paul Belloni Du Chaillu (USA (born in France), 1835-1903) 1856-9: Explores the Gabon, Ogowe and Muni rivers. First European to see a gorilla alive. 1863-4: Again travels through Gabon. Meets pygmies and obtained photographs and specimens of gorillas. Marion Du Fresne (France) Alphabetized under the F. Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Dulhut (also known as Duluth, France, 1636-1710) 1678-80: Explores the Region around Lake Superior, rescues Hennepin from his capture by the Sioux and brings him back to Lake Michigan. 1683-5: Visits the region around Lake Superior once again, trying to get the local Indians in the French sphere of influence. Dulhut (in French) Daniel Greysolon, Sieur Du Lhut Jules-Sbastien-Csar Dumont d'Urville (France, 1790-1842)

1826-9: Discovers and charts several Pacific islands, collects specimens and learns about the fate of La Prouse's expedition. 1837-40: Sees the Antarctic Peninsula and Joinville Island, cruises the south Pacific and discovers Adlie Coast (Antarctica). Dumont d'Urville, le dernier des "marins-savants" (in French) Jules-Sebastien-Cesar Dumont d'Urville Jean Baptiste Point DuSable (French-American, 1750?-1818) 1770s: Moves gradually from New Orleans up the Mississippi to Illinois, then settles on the coast of Lake Michigan where he builds a trading post that later grows out to become the city of Chicago. Henri Duveyrier (France, 1840-1892) 1859-61: Explores the areas south of the Atlas Mountains. Les Touareg du Nord (Duveyrier's book) Gil Eannes (Portugal, dates unknown) 1433: Tries to sail south along the westafrican coast, but stops short of Cape Bojador. 1434: In a second attempt manages to round Cape Bojador, thus finally really starting off Henry the Navigator's southward expansion. 1435: With Baldaya sails 320 km south of Cape Bojador and finds evidence of human inhabitation. The coast of Africa Juan Sebastin de Elcano (also known as Juan Sebastin del Cano, Spain, 1476?-1526) 1521-2: After the deaths of Magelhes, Barbosa and Serrano, leads the expedition of Magelhes back to Spain. 1525-6: Travels again to the Moluccas through the Streets of Magelhes, this time under Loaysa, but dies at sea in the Pacific. Ferno de Magelhes Lincoln Ellsworth (USA, 1880-1951) 1925: With Amundsen tries to reach the North Pole by airplane and gets to 8744' North. 1926: With Amundsen and Nobile reaches the North Pole by airship. 1935: Flies across Antarctica, charting large unknown areas. Emin Pasha (also known as Eduard Schnitzer, Germany, 1840-1892) 1875: Travels to Equatoria (southern Sudan) to assist Colonel Gordon. Remains there as surgeongeneral. Explores and conducts diplomacy. 1878: Named governor of Equatoria by Gordon. 1883: Cut off by the Mahdi revolt, asks for help from Europa. 1888-9: 'Rescued' by Stanley, but originally refuses to join him. 1890-2: Travels to Eastern and Central Africa again to claim areas for Germany. Is killed by a regional chief. Robert Rotberg: Emin Pasha William Hemsley Emory (USA, 1811-1887) 1844: Surveys the Texas-Mexican border 1844-6: Surveys the United States-Canadian border 1848-53: Surveys the United States-Mexican borden 1854-7: Surveys the region of the Gadsden Purchase Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni, Chevalier D'Entrecasteaux (Frnance, 1739-1793) 1791-3: Looking for La Prouse, visits Tasmania, New Caledonia, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, New Holland, New Zealand, the Santa Cruz Islands and the Solomons.

Erik the Red (also known as Eric or Eirikr, Norway, 950?-1003?) 982-6: Banished from Iceland for manslaughter, explores Greenland. 986: Leads a group of settlers from Iceland to Greenland. Irish and Vikings Leif Erikson (also known as Leifr or Leifur, last name also Ericsson, Ericson, Eiriksson, Norway, 980?1020?) 1001-2?: Explores the coast of America and winters in Vinland. Irish and Vikings Silvestre Vlez de Escalante (Spain, 1751?-?) 1776-7: With Dominguez explores the area east of Santa Fe, looking for a route to California. Explores Colorado, Utah and Arizona. Jos de Escandn (Spain, 1700-1770) from 1746: Founds various settlements along the Rio Grande. The Escandn Settlement of Nueva Espaa Escandn, Jos de The Exploration and River Settlements of Jos de Escandn Escandon Antonio de Espejo (Spain, ?-1585) 1582: Leads an expedition into New Mexico. Espejo-Beltrn expedition Isidro Flix de Espinosa (Spain, 1679-1755) 1709: With Olivares and Aguirre establishes a mission post at the site of later San Antonio, Texas. 1716, 1718, 1721: Joins three more missionary expeditions to Texas. Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition Estevanico (also known as Esteban, Morocco (slave in Spain), 1503?-1539) 1535-7: Survivor of the Narvaez expedition. With Cabeza de Vaca, Dorante (his master) and Maldonado travels from Texas to Mexico on foot. 1539: With Marcos de Nizza sent to New Mexico to find information about the 'seven cities of Cibola'. Killed by Zuni Indians. Turn back time History of Estevanico Estvanico the Moor Estevanico (?-1539) Esteban The Estevanico Society Eudoxus (Greece) ca. 120 BC: In Egyptian service, finds the sea route to India. ca. 117: Again travels to India. ca. 108: Attempts to circumnavigate Africa, but gets no further than Morocco. ca. 105: Undertakes a second attempt to circumnavigate Africa, and disappears. The Roman period George Evans (England, 1780-1852) 1813: Explores the Bathurst Plains. Follows the Macquarie River. 1815: Discovers the Lachlan.

1817: Second-in-command of Oxley's expedition to the Lachlan. Macquarie's orders of 12 February 1814 - describing Evans's first voyage. Edward John Eyre (England, 1815-1901) 1839: Travels north from Adelaide, following the Flinder Range to Mount Arden, crosses Eyre peninsula and reaches Streaky Bay. Sees Lake Torrens. 1840: Tries to reach the Australian inland, but is stopped by Lake Torrens and Lake Eyre, believing them to be a single great lake making progress impossible. 1841: Travels along the Great Australian Bight to Albany in West Australia. Edward John Eyre Edward John Eyre, Explorer Joo Alvares Fagundes (Portugal, dates unknown) ca. 1520: Explores the south coast of Newfoundland and enters the Bay of St. Lawrence. ca. 1525: Tries to colonize Cape Breton Island. J.A. Faguendes (in French) J.A. Faguendes (in Portuguese) Portuguese Exploration along the Northeast coast of North America Fa-Hsien (also known as Faxian, China, born ca.350) 399-414: Travels through Central Asia, visiting many Buddhist monasteries, then crosses the Hindu Kush into India. Travels through large parts of India doing likewise and is the first Chinese to visit Afghanistan. Returns to China by sea, via Ceylon and Java. A Record of the Buddhistic Kingdoms (Fa-Hsien's writings) Marcos Farfan de los Godos (Spain) 1598-9: Sent by Oate to find silver ore rumored there. He finds the silver mines, but they were too poor to be actually used. Percy Harrison Fawcett (England, 1867-1925?) 1906-14: Makes several voyages surveying the Bolivian boundaries with Brazil, Paruaguay and Peru. 1925: Is lost in the Brazilian Mato Grosso rain forest, looking for an ancient city rumoured to exist there. The Great Unkown. The Great Explorers Nikolaus Federmann (also known as Nicols Federman, Germany, 1506-1542) 1531-2: Explores the area around the Portuguesa River (NW Venezuela), looking for El Dorado. 1533-9: Travels from Venezuela to Colombia, hoping to conquer the rich country believed to lie there, but finds that Jimenez de Queseda reached and subdued the area before him. Early Spanish expeditions to Colombia Fernando Po (Portugal, dates unknown) ca. 1473: Reaches the Gulf of Biafra and discovers the island that is now known as Fernando Po. The coast of Africa Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira (Portugal/Brasil, 1756-1815) 1783-4: Travels through Par. 1784-8: Makes several voyages along the Rio Negro and its tributaries. Explores the Rio Branco and its headwaters. 1788-91: Explores the Madeira and its tributaries. Explores the Mato Grosso region. Reaches the Paraguay.

Bartolom Ferrelo (also known as Bartolom Ferrera, Spain?) 1543: Leads the expedition of Cabrillo after the latter's death. Sails north once more and reaches Oregon. Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo Wilhelm Filchner (Switzerland, 1877-1957) 1911-2: Explores the Weddell Sea. Discovers Luitpold Coast and the Filchner Ice Shelf. Wilhelm Filchner - scientist and adventurer The first Swiss and Japanese Expedition timeline (in German) Ralph Fitch (England, 1550?-1611) 1581-5: Joins in Newberry's second expedition, travelling through the Middle East to India and reaching the court of the Greatmogol. 1585-91: Travels through northern India alone, reaching Bengal. Visits Birma, Ceylon and Cochin. The First Englishmen in Bombay Robert Fitzroy (England, 1805-1865) 1831-6: Circumnavigates, charting the coasts of South America. The voyage is best known for the fact that Darwin was its naturalist. Matthew Flinders (England, 1774-1814) 1796: With Bass, explores Port Hacking, south of Sydney. 1798: With Bass, circumnevigates Tasmania and makes inroads to the inland by way of the Derwent and the Tamar. 18001-3: Maps the Australian south and east coasts and part of the north coast. Pacific Explorers Library: Matthew Flinders Matthew Flinders Matthew Flinders: A genius in Navigation Matthew Flinders Electronic Archive An anthology of the discovery of Australia image George Bass Alexander Forrest (Australia, 1849-1901) Joined his brother John Forrest on his expeditions. 1879: Leads an expedition charting part of North Australia, around the Kimberley mountains and the river Fitzroy. John Forrest (Australia, 1847-1918) 1869: Travels northeast from Perth, along Lake Barlee to Mount Weld. 1870: Travels from Perth to the Spencer Gulf in South Australia. 1874: First to cross Western Australia from west to east. Pacific Explorers Library: John Forrest John Forrest Johann Reinhold Forster (Germany, 1729-1798) Johann Georg Adam Forster (Germany, 1754-1794) 1772-5: Father and son, naturalists on Cook's second voyage. Charles-Eugene de Foucauld (France, 1858-1916) 1883-4: Explores Morocco, disguised as a Russian rabbi.

1904: Settles in the Tuareg village of Tamanrasset as a missionary, and remains there until his death. 1916: Killed by a band of Muslims, possibly because they suspected him to be a spy. Charles de Foucauld, hermit, servant of the poor Luke Foxe (England, 1586-1635) 1631: Explores the west coast of Hudson Bay and sails through Foxe Channel, showing that neither provides a practical northwest passage. Luke Foxe and Thomas James John Franklin (England, 1786-1847) 1818: Second-in-command on Buchan's attempt to sail the Arctic Ocean. 1819-22: Explores the Canadian north coast from the Coppermine to Cape Herschel. - expedition timeline 1825-7: Explores the Canadian north coast from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Beechey Point. expedition timeline 1845-7: Searches for the Northwest Passage. Dies on King William Island, as do all his men. 1847-51: Many relief expeditions are sent to Arctic Canada, and clear the geography of the area. Certainty about Franklin's fate is found by Rae in 1853-4 and McClintock in 1857-9. Sif John Franklin: His Life and Afterlife Sir John Franklin (PDF-format) Sir John Franklin - 1997 is the 150th Anniversary of his Death The Fate of Franklin archaeology The Franklin Trail portrait Simon Fraser (Canada, 1776-1862) 1805-8: Works as a fur trader in British Columbia. 1808: Follows the Fraser to its mouth. Simon Fraser and our southern link to the sea Simon Fraser's Contributions Simon Fraser, the Explorer Simon Fraser (French version) Thomas Freeman (USA) 1806: Travels up the Red River, but is stopped by the Spanish. John Charles Frmont (USA, 1813-1890) 1842: Travels to the Rocky Mountains and climbs Fremont Peak. 1843-4: Travels by way of the Kansas, Great Salt Lake and the Snake and Columbia Rivers to Oregon. Goes south to California and back east through the Great Basin. 1845: Travels through the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin to California. After Mexican objections retreats to California, but soon returns, and helps fighting the Bear Flag Revolt and the American annexation of California. 1848-9: Tries to scout a railway route from St. Louis to San Francisco, but is forced to retreat from the San Juan Mountains south to Mexico because of the winter cold. John Charles Fremont John Charles Frmont - Explorer - Mapmaker - Soldier John Charles Frmont Capt. Fremont makes winter crossing of Carson Pass Recommended Reading

Marion Du Fresne (France) 1771-2: Discovers the Crozet Islands, visits Tasmania and New Zealand. Killed in a fight with Maori. Freydis Eiriksdottir (Iceland, dates unknown) Daughter of Erik the Red, sister of Leif Eriksson ca. 1004-5: Joins the expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni to colonize Vinland. Her bravery causes the Vikings to win a battle against the eskimos. ca. 1007-9: Leads another expedition to Vinland. Convinces her husband to kill to Icelandic brothers who had come with them, and kills the women herself. Irish and Vikings Emanual Freyre (Portugal, 1679-?) 1715-6: Travels with Desideri to Leh and Lhasa. Returns to India alone by way of Nepal. Martin Frobisher (England, 1540-1594) 1576: Discovers Frobisher Bay, believing it to be a strait. 1577: Returns to Frobisher Bay, takes rocks with him which are believed to contain gold. 1578: Leads a mining expedition to Frobisher Bay. Discovers Strait Hudson. Upon return the ore appears to be worthless. All Is Not Gold That Glistereth Inuit and Englishmen: The Nunavut voyages of Martin Frobisher (French language version) Sir Martin Frobisher Sir Martin Frobisher Vivian Ernest Fuchs (England, born 1908) 1957-8: First to cross Antarctica by land. photograph Louis Agasiz Fuertes (USA) 1899: Joins the Harriman expedition to Alaska as an orthinologist. Tobias Furneaux (England, 1735-1781) 1772-4: Commander of the Adventure on Cook's second voyage. In December 1774, leaves from New Zealand alone, and sails around Cape Horn back to Great Britain. Joseph Gabet (France, dates unknown) 1844-6: With Huc, travels from Beijing through Inner Mongolia and central China to Lhasa to do missionary work. After three months forced to leave the country and returns to eastern China. Evariste Huc Dionisio Alcala Galiano (Spain) 1789-91: Travels to Mexico as part of the expedition of Malaspina. 1792: With Valdes, explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca and circumnavigates Vancouver Island. Vasco da Gama (Portugal, 1460?-1524) 1497-9: Leader of the first Portuguese expedition to India. Finds a new route over the Atlantic Ocean, taking a great bend to the west instead of following the African coast. 1502-4: Leader of a large expedition to the Indies. Attacks several African cities and kills all passengers on a ship filled with pilgrims from Mecca. Trades in Cochin and attacks Calicut. 1524: Sent to India to battle corruption, but dies of illness a few months after arrival. The Portuguese Empire Francisco de Garay (Spain, ?-1523)

1519: Sends out Alvarez de Pineda on a voyage on which the latter explores the coast of the Gulf of Mexico 1523: Fails in an attempt to build a settlement at Pnuco, Mexico. Francisco Tomas Hermenegildo Garcs (Spain, 1741?-1781) 1771: Explores the Gila River, gets lost near the mouth of the Colorado, crosses the Yuma and California deserts and reaches the Sierra Nevada. 1774: With Anza, finds a trail from Tubac to Monterey along the same route. 1775: Starts a mission among the Yuma Indians (SW Arizona) 1776: Looking for a route between New Mexico and California, travels up the Colorado, crosses the Mojave desert and on the return trip reaches the San Joaquin valley. 1781: Killed in an Indian revolt. Historians seek site of inscribed rock Franciscan Missionaries at Guebavi-Tumaccori Juan Bautista de Anza Adrien de Gerlache (Belgium, 1866-1934) 1897-9: Explores Grahamland. First to winter within the Antarctic circle. Later makes several minor voyages of discovery to the Arctic regions. Belgian pioneering work The Belgica Expedition Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery Polar Expedition "Belgica" Romolo Gessi (Italy, 1831-1881) 1876: With Piaggia, explores the Nile from Gondokoro to Lake Albert. 1878-9: Leads the Egyptian re-conquest of the Bahr al-Ghazal region. Karl Ludwig Giesecke (Germany, 1761-1833) 1806-13: Travels to Greenland, and does mineralogic and other scientific research. Chronologie der sterreichischen Polarforschung (in German) Sir Humphrey Gilbert (England, 1537/1539-1583) Great proponent of the search for the Northwest passage and of attempts to colonize North America. 1578: Sends out an expedition to colonize North America, but all ships turn back before reaching America. 1583: Crosses the Atlantic to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Lost at sea on the return voyage. Sir Humphrey Gilbert Sir Humphrey Gilbert First English Settlement in the New World: Gilbert and Raleigh Ernest Giles (England, 1835-1897) 1872: Tries to cross West Australia from Charlotte Waters to the west coast. Discovers Mount Olga and Finke River. 1873: Tries again to cross West Australia. Discovers and enters the Gibson Desert. 1875-6: Crosses the Great Victoria Desert from Spencer Gulf to Perth, then crosses the Gibson Desert back to central Australia. Crossing West Australia Isabela Godin des Odonais (Spain/Ecuador, French by marriage, 1728-1792) 1769-70: Travels down the Amazon to reunite with her husband, Louis Godin. Only person of her group to survive.

Bento de Goes (Portugal, 1562-1607) 1602-7: Travels from India northward to find out whether Cathay and China are the same country. Travels through Afghanistan and Sinkiang to Suchow, where he dies. Ferno Gomes (Portugal) 1469-74: Receives the monopoly on trade with most of Africa in exchange for exploring an amount of coastline each year. During this period, the African coast from Sierra Leone to just across the equator is discovered. The coast of Africa Anto Gonalves (Portugal, dates unknown) 1441: Travels to Rio de Oro and brings the first cargo of African slaves to Portugal. 1443, 1445, 1447: Makes three more voyages to Rio de Oro. The coast of Africa Lopo Gonalves (Portugal, dates unknown) 1474: Follows the African eastern coast southward, passing the equator. The coast of Africa Felipe Francisco Gonzalez (Spain) 1770: Claims possession of Easter Island for Spain. Charles George Gordon (England, 1833-1885) 1873-7: Governor of Equatoria (South Sudan). Organizes various expeditions. 1877-9: Governor of Sudan. Fights the slave trade. 1884-5: Fights the Mahdi revolt in Sudan, and dies when the Mahdi capture Khartoum. Lytton Strachey: Eminant Victorians James Augustus Grant (Scotland, 1827-1892) 1861-3: With Speke, explores the west coast of Lake Victoria and follows the Nile northward. Robert Gray (USA, 1755-1806) 1787-90: With Kedrick, travels from Boston to the northwest coast to trade in sea otter pelts. Trades them for tea and China, then returns home. First American circumnavigation. 1790-3: Returns to the northwest coast, discovers the mouth of the Columbia and sails 25 miles up the river. Again completes his circumnavigation by way of China. Adolphus Washington Greely (USA, 1844-1935) 1881-4: Leads an expedition to the Arctic, working from a base on the west coast of Ellesmere Island. Explores the coast of northeast Greenland, crosses Ellesmere Island and reaches 8324' North, farther north than anyone before him. Adolphus Washington Greely Adolphus Washington Greely, Major General, United States Army Adolphus W. Greely Augustus Charles Gregory (England, 1819-1905) 1855: Explores Northern Australia, looking for Leichhardt, and reaches the source of the Darwin River. 1857: Explores Queensland and New South Wales, again looking for Leichhardt. Follows the Barcoo River. Sir Richard Grenville (England, 1542-1591)

1585: In service of Raleigh, brings a group of colonists to Roanoke. George Grey (England, 1812-1898) 1837: With Lushington, intends to explore Northwest Australia. Reaches the Kimberley mountains. 1839: Follows the Australian west coast from Shark Bay back to Perth. Hernando de Grijalva (Spain) 1537: Leads an expedition to the Pacific from Peru. Discovers the Gilbert Islands. Is killed by his own men, who subsequently shipwreck on the coast of New Guinea. Juan de Grijalva (Spain, ?-1527) 1518: Explores the coast of Yucatn. Reaches the outskirts of the Aztec empire. Mdard Chouart, Sieur des Grosseilliers (France, 1621?-1696) 1654-6: Makes a fur trading expedition to the west from Canada. 1659-60: With Radisson, makes a fur trading voyage to the north of Lake Superior, and hears that the area between Lake Superior and Hudson Bay was rich in beaver. Possibly reaches the upper Mississippi. 1661-3: With Radisson, makes another fur trading expedition to the Lake Superior region and reaches James Bay. 1666: Having been fined for unlicensed fur trading, switches loyalty to England. 1668-9: Leads a fur trading expedition to Hudson Bay, after which the Hudson Bay's Company is formed. 1674: Switches loyalty back to France. Radisson and des Grosseilliers Pierre Radisson and Mdard Chouart Sieur des Groseilliers (French version) Pierre-Esprit Radisson Pierre-Esprit Radisson adn Mdard Chouart, Sieur des Grosseilliers The Hudson's Bay Company Jusepe Gutirrez (Mexico, 1572?-?) 1594-9: Joins his master Humaa on the Bonilla expedition to New Mexico and further. After Humaa kills Bonilla, manages to escape. After a period of imprisonment with the Apache, joins Oate. 1601: Guide to Oate on the latter's expedition to Quivira. Nuo Beltran de Guzmn (Spain, ?-1550) 1528-31: Conquers a large part of western Mexico. Bloody Guzmn Nuo Beltrn de Guzmn (in Spanish) Mikhail Gvozdev (Russia) 1732: Crosses Bering Strait and discovers Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska. Bering, Chirikov, and Gvozdev (in Russian) Report of Gvozdev to Spanberg, April 20, 1743 (in Russian) Richard Hakluyt (England, 1551?-1616) 1582: Wrote Divers Voyages touching the discovery of America. 1589-90: Wrote The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation. Both of these books are now important sources for information on 16th century voyages of discovery, especially the English ones. Hakluyt was a great promotor of English voyages to and colonization of North America.

Introduction to Discourse of Western Planting, 1584 Hakluyt Society - publishes reports from discoverers Charles Francis Hall (USA, 1821-1871) 1859-62: Lives among the Inuit of Baffin Island, and finds the remains of Frobisher's mining activities on Frobisher Bay 1864-9: Travels over King William Island, and gathers stories and artifacts about Franklin's last expedition. 1871: Explores northern Greenland, and tries to reach a farthest North. Explorers Voyage Toward North Pole (1871 expedition) Charles Francis Hall - 1860-1862, 1864-1869 Hendrick Hamel (Netherlands) 1653-66: Shipwrecks on the island of Cheju (Quelpaert). Lives for thirteen years in Korea. Jacques Felix Emmanuel Hamelin (France) 1800-3: Captain of the second ship on Baudin's voyage to Australia. When the ships are blown apart by a storm, charts the Australian coast from Geographe Bay to south of Swan River and Rottnest Island. France's Role in Exploring Australia's Coastline Hanno (Carthago, dates unknown) ca. 480 BC: Establishes various colonies on the Atlantic coast of Morocco and Western Sahara, and follows the coast further, possibly upto Cameroon. Phoenicia and Carthago Harkhuf (also known as Herkhuf, Egypt) ca. 2270 BC: Makes several trading voyages southward, into what is now Sudan. The First Explorers Walter B. Harris (England, 1866-1933) 1892: Visits Sana (Yemen). Dirk Hartog (also known as Dirck Hartogh, Netherlands, dates unknown) 1616: Discovers land on what later is shown to be the Australian west coast, in Shark Bay. Dirk Hartog Hartog Encounters a Western Shore Hartog, Dirck Hawai'i Loa (also known as Ke Kowa i Hawai'i, Polynesia) In Hawaiian tradition the discoverer and colonizer of Hawaii. Hatshepsut (Egypt, reign 1503-1482 BC) 1492: Sends an expedition southward to a land called Punt. The First Explorers John Hawkins (England, 1532-1595) 1562-3: Ships a cargo of slaves from West Africa to Hispaniola 1564-6: Makes a slave trading voyage from West Africa to Spanish America, visits the French colony in Florida and loads stockfish in Newfoundland. 1567-9: Trades in Spanish America, but has several of his ships captured in a fight with the Spanish is San Juan de Ulloa (Mexico).

1595: Is sent on an expedition to the West Indies with Drake, but dies of dysentery near Puerto Rico. Sir John Hawkins The Hawkins Dynasty: Three Generations of a Tudor Family (excerpts) Admiral Sir John Hawkins 1532-1595 and Descendants (genealogy) Isaac Israel Hayes (USA, 1832-1881) 1860-1: Travels to Baffin Bay, trying to reach the North Pole. Samuel Hearne (England, 1745-1792) 1769-1770: Makes two failed attempts to find rumoured copper mines northwest of the Hudson's Bay Company's areas. 1770-2: On a third attempt, he discovers the Coppermine River and follows it to its mouth. Overland to the Sea - Samuel Hearne's Search for the Coppermine River Samuel Hearne Arctic Dawn - The Journeys of Samuel Hearne (Hearne's own writings) a drawing Sven Anders Hedin (Sweden, 1865-1952) 1890-1: Travels to Tashkent and Samarkand, crosses the Pamir range and reaches Kashi, the westernmost city of China. 1894-7: Explores the Takla Makan desert, and discovers an ancient town. 1899-1902: Makes more explorations in Central Asia, and undertakes a failed attempt to reach Lhasa. 1906-8: Explores large parts of the Himalaya mountains 1933-5: Leader of a combined Chinese-Swedish expedition to map the former Silk Road. Sven Hedin, der letzte Forschungsreisende picture Jacob van Heemskerck (Netherlands, 1567-1607) 1595: Trader on Barentsz's first voyage. 1596-7: With Barentsz, discovers Beren Island (Berenya) and Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and rounds the northern tip of Nova Zembla. Winters on Nova Zembla. See Barentsz for links. Louis Hennepin (France, 1626-1705?) 1678: Serving La Salle, builds a fort and ship on the Niagara River. First European to describe and draw the Niagara Falls. 1680: Explores the Mississippi for La Salle. Claims to have reached its mouth, but given the timespan of his voyage this is considered impossible. 1680-1: Captive of the Sioux Indians. Studies their customs and language. Released by Dulhut. Louis Hennepin "Hennepin's Story of La Salle in Indiana" maps Henry the Navigator (Portugal, 1394-1460) Prince of Portugal, establishes a navigational academy in Sagres, and from 1426 onwards sends out ship south along the African coast. The coast of Africa Matthew Alexander Henson (USA, 1866-1955) Servant of Peary, and an important aid on his travels. Was with Peary when the latter reached the North Pole.

Matthew Henson memorial website Dark Companion: The Story of Matthew Henson (official biography) Matthew Henson Matthew Henson Matthew Henson: Arctic Explorer resources and links Robert Edwin Peary Walter William Herbert (UK, born 1934) 1968-9: Crosses the Arctic Ocean by dog sledge, from Alaska over the pole to Spitsbergen. 1977: Leads the first circumnavigation of Greenland by dog sledge and skin boat. Icetrek.org: Wally Herbert Bjarni Herjulfsson (also known as Herjolfsson or Herjolfson, Norway) 986: Blown off course while travelling to Greenland, discovers America. Irish and Vikings Jacques l'Heremite (Netherlands, ?-1625) 1623-5: Leader of a Dutch fleet to fight the Spanish in South America. Captures or sinks a number of ships, but fails in his attempt to take the Peruvian harbour of Callao. After his death, the expedition crosses the Pacific to the Marianas and the East Indies. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greece/Turkey, 484?-420? BC) Describes the Greco-Persian war, also giving extensive descriptions of the various countries in the Eastern Mediterranean. Visits several countries himself, in particular Egypt. Greek Explorers Bruno de Hezeta (also known as Heeta and Ezeta, Spain, 1750?-?) 1775: Follows the American Northwest coast upto 49 North (near Nootka). On the return voyage discovers the mouth of the Columbia. Edmund Percival Hillary (New Zealand, born 1919) 1953: With Nepalese sherpa Tenzing Norgay, first to reach the summit of the Mount Everest. 1957-8: Sets out depots between Ross Sea and the South Pole to aid Fuchs on his crossing of Antarctica. 1967: Climbs Mount Herschel (Alaska) and collects rock samples for scientific research. interview Himilco (Carthage) 5th century BC: Sails north from the Straits of Gibraltar and reaches England. Phoenicia and Carthago Hina-fa'aura-va'a (Polynesia) According to Polynesian tradition, explored the world with her brother Ru. Hippalus (Greece/Egypt) ca. 45 BC: Uses the monsoon winds in a voyage to India; believed by some to be the first to have done so. The Roman period Friedrich Konrad Hornemann (Germany, 1772-1801) 1797-1801: Travels through the Sahara, looking for the Niger, disguised as an Arab. Disappears, apparently having died in Nigeria, possibly of dysentery.

Daniel Houghton (Ireland, 1740?-1791) 1790-1: Travels inland from the mouth of the Gambia, and reaches the Niger river. Dies after having been robbed by his guides. Cornelis de Houtman (also known as Cornelius de Houtman, Netherlands, 1540?-1599) 1595-7: Commercial leader of the first Dutch voyage to the East Indies. Visits Java, Bali and the Moluccas. 1598-9: Visits Madagascar, Cochin China and Sumatra. Killed by the sultan of Atjeh. Frederik de Houtman (also known as Frederick de Houtman, Netherlands, 1571-1627) 1595-7: With his brother Cornelis present on the first Dutch voyage to the East Indies. 1598-9: With his brother Cornelis present on another voyage to the East Indies. 1619: Lands on the Australian coast near present-day Perth. Discovers a group of shoals, the Houtman Abrolhos. Open Your Eyes! Frederick de Houtman Evariste Huc (France, 1813-1860) 1844-6: With Gabet, travels from Beijing through Inner Mongolia and Central China to Lhasa to do missionary work. After three months forced to leave the country and returns to eastern China. Evariste Rgis Huc Travels in the Chinese Empire or The Adventures of Huc Henry Hudson (England, ?-1611) 1607: Follows the coast of Greenland to 80deg; North before being stopped by the ie. Also visits Spitsbergen. Discovers Jan Mayen. 1608: Looking for the Northeast Passage, reaches Nova Zembla. 1609: Sent out by the Dutch East India Company to find the Northeast Passage, but looks for a Northwest Passage north of Virginia instead. Explores Chesapeake Bay, discovers the Hudson River, and sails up the Hudson to present-day Albany. 1610-1: Sails through Hudson Strait and discovers Hudson Bay. Reaches James Bay (the southern end of Hudson Bay), but is set adrift in a small boat by mutineers. Henry Hudson Henry Hudson: an Englishman in Dutch service Half Moon History The Ghost of Henry Hudson Antonio Gutirrez de Humaa (Spain, ?-1601?) 1594-1601: Second-in-command of the expedition of Bonilla to New Mexico and Arkansas. Kills Bonilla and takes over command, but is later, together with all his men, killed by indians. Alexander von Humboldt (Germany, 1769-1859) 1799-1800: With Bonpland, explores the Orinoco and confirms the existence of the Casiquiare, a 'natural channel' connecting the Orinoco and the Rio Negro. Makes important biological observations. 1801-3: With Bonpland, travels through Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Makes scientific observations. 1829: Travels to Siberia on a mining survey for czar Nicholas I. Alexander von Humboldt - Networks of Knowledge Baron Alexander von Humboldt Alexander von Humboldt Alejandro de Humboldt - Viajes Americanos (in Spanish) Humboldt & Bonpland

Alexander von Humboldt - naturalist and explorer Cmo Alejandro de Humboldt lleg a ser naturalista y explorador, en sus propias palabras (in Spanish) Humboldt on Tenerife Socio-political Views of the Americas Hamilton Hume (Australia, 1797-1873) 1824: With Hovell, explores the mountains between Sydney and Port Phillip. Discovers the Murray river. 1828-9: Joins Sturt on his expedition to the Macquarie. Hamilton Hume Hume and Hovell Wilson Price Hunt (USA, 1782?-1842) 1810-1: Travels overland to the mouth of Columbia for Astor. Discovers Union Pass and the western part of the later Oregon Trail. Journal Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville (France/Canada, 1661-1706) 1686: Leads a military expedition against the British Hudson Bay fort of Moose Bay. 1697: Leader of a major military campaign to the Hudson Bay. 1698-9: Sails to the mouth of the Mississippi and builds a fort at Biloxi. 1700: Sails up the Mississippi to strengthen the French presence in the region. 1701: Builds a fort on Mobile Bay. Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville: The El Cid of Canada Pierre LeMoyne Sieur d'Iberville and the Establishment of Biloxi Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville Ibn Battuta (in full Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad ibn `Abd Allah al-Lawati at-Tanji ibn Battutah, Morocco, 1304-1369) 1325-7: Makes a pilgrimage to Meccah by way of Egypt and Syria. Lives in Meccah for a few years. 1330-2: Travels to East Africa and South Arabia. 1332-3: Travels through Central Asia to India. 1342-8: By way of South India, the Maldives, Ceylon, Bengal, Assam and Sumatra to China, and returns to Egypt through Sumatra, India, Arabia, Persia and Syria. 1349: Returns to Morocco, after a third pilgrimage to Meccah. 1350: Visits Granada. 1352-3: Crosses the Sahara to Timbouctou and Silla on the Niger. The Travels of Ibn Battuta Ibn Battuta - the great traveller Arab Greats: Ibn Battuta, the lone time traveller al-Idrisi (full name Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn `Abd Alah ibn Idris al-Hammudi alHasani al-Idrisi, Morocco, 1100-1166) Travelled extensively through Northern Africa, Western Europe and Asia Minor ca. 1145: Becomes the official court geographer of king Roger II of Sicily. Sends out expeditions, collects sources and produces two world maps and a book on geography. Al-Idrisi (Dreses) Al-Idrisi World Maps of al-Idrisi Domingo Martnez de Irala (Spain, 1487-1557) 1537: Founds the icty of Asuncin.

1539-1557: Governor of Paraguay. Explores the surrounding areas, founds Corrientes, Santa Fe and Buenos Aires and establishes contacts with the colony in Peru. Pedro de Iriarte (also known as Antonio de Iriarte, Spain, dates unknown) 1686-7: With Rivas, thoroughly explores the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico looking for La Salle. Finds the shipwreck of La Salle's ship La Belle. Rivas-Iriarte expedition Thomas James (England) 1631-2: Explores the coasts of Hudson Bay. portrait Willem Jansz (Netherlands, dates unknown) 1605-6: Explores the Aru Islands and New Guinea, misses Strait Torres, and follows the east coast of Cape York Peninsula upto Cape Keerweer. 1618: Finds what he believes to be a large island east of the Cape of Good Hope, probably North West Cape (Australia). "Duyfken" Australia's "Santa Maria" Jean Jarry (also known as Jean Henry and Jean Gary, France, dates unknown) 1685: Deserts from the expedition of La Salle and starts living among the Coahuiltecan Indians. 1688: Is found by De Leon, and joins him to Mexico. 1689: Serves as a guide on the expedition in which De Leon finds La Salle's fortress. Anthony Jenkinson (England, ?-1611) 1557-8: Tries to find a route to Cathay through Moscow, but gets no further than Buchara. 1561-3: Tries to set up trade with Persia. Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada (Spain, 1510?-1579) 1536-7: Travels up the Magdalena River, reaches upland Colombia, subdues the local indians and founds the city of Santa Fe de Bogot (present-day Bogot) 1569-72: Goes searching for El Dorado east of the Colombian mountains, and reaches the Orinoco River. Louis Jolliet (also known as Joliet, France/Canada, 1645-1700) 1672-3: With Marquette, descends the Mississippi all the way to the mouth of the Arkansas. 1679: Travels by canoe to the Hudson Bay to spy on the British fortifications there. Later makes detailed maps of the coast of Labrador, the St. Lawrence River and Cabot Strait. Louis Jolliet: Professional Explorer Henri Joutel (France, 1643?-1725?) 1684-8: Member of La Salle's last expedition, writing the most important report on it. La Salle Gaius Julius Caesar (Rome, 100-44 BC) 61-47: Leads military operations in Gaul, Spain, Britain and Armenia. The Roman period Kan Ying (China) 97: Sent out to travel to the Roman Empire, reaches Mesopotamia. The Roman period Elisha Kent Kane (USA, 1820-1857)

1853-5: Explores northwest Greenland and tries to reach the North Pole. Dr. Elisha Kent Kane Raising Kane: The Making of a Hero, the Marketing of a Celebrity New-York Daily Times obituary Elisha Kent Kane Historical Society Thorfinn Karlsefni (Norway) ca. 1008: Tries to establish a colony in Vinland, but returns to Greenland after attacks from skraelings (Inuit or Indians) Irish and Vikings Henry Kellett (Ireland, 1806-1875) 1848-1854: Member of several expeditions to search for Franklin. Edward Belcher and Henry Kellett Henry Kelsey (England, 1667?-1724) 1690-2: Travels inland from Hudson Bay to try to convince more Indians to trade with the Hudson Bay Company. Edmund Kennedy (England, 1818-1848) 1845: Second-in-command on Mitchell's expedition to Queensland. 1847: Explores the Victoria River. 1848: Leads an expedition to chart Queensland's east coast. Is killed by hostile aboriginals. Edmund Kennedy Pacific Explorers Library: Edmund Kennedy Clarence King (USA, 1842-1901) 1867-73: Meticulously explores the American west around the 40th parallel. Clarence King's Description of Yosemite Valley Why climb mountains? Philipp Parker King (Australia) 1817-22: Explores the Australian coastline. Mary Henrietta Kingsley (UK, 1862-1900) 1893: Travels to Africa to do scientific research. 1894-5: Explores the Ogowe, travels widely through Gabon and does important ethnological research. Mary Henrietta Kingsley Mary H. Kingsley references Eusebio Francisco Kino (Italy, 1645-1711) 1683-5: Joins Isidro de Atondo y Antilln on an expedition to found settlements in Bjaja California. With Antilln explores the region. 1687-1711: Sent to do missionary work in Sonora (northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona). Makes an estimated 50 different expeditions in that period, increasing geographical knowledge and converting Indians. 1691: Establishes missions in various places in Arizona. 1693: Establishes missions along the Magdalena River. First person known to have travelled to the lower Altar River. 1697: Explores the valley of the San Pedro and converts Indians. 1698-9: Establishes missions along the Santa Cruz and Gila Rivers. Travels extensively through southern Arizona, and is the first European to traverse the Devil's Highway.

1699: Follows the Gila River downstream to the mouth of the Colorado, proving the possibility of reaching California overland. Father Eusebio Francisco Kino - Desert Missionary & Explorer Father Eusebio Francisco Kino - Padre on Horseback Padre Eusebio Kino Kintup (also known as K.P., Sikkim, dates unknown) 1879-1883: Sent to Tibet with a Mongolian Lama to explore the Tsangpo. Is sold to another Lama, but later manages to get free and complete his work. The Pundits James Knight (England, 1640-1719) 1719: Goes looking for the Northwest Passage in the Hudson Bay, but dies with all his men. Carl Koldewey (Germany, 1837-1908) 1868: Explores the seas east of Greenland. 1869-70: Leads another expedition to the East Coast of Greenland. Carl Koldewey - Pioneer in the Arctic Ocean Auf den Spuren der Germania timeline (in German) Otto von Kotzebue (Russia, 1787-1846) 1815-8: Sent to look for the northwest passage through Bering Strait. Discovers a few Pacific islands and explores the coast of Alaska. 1823-6: Circumnavigates a second time and visits various Pacific islands. Johann Ludwig Krapf (Germany, 1810-1887) 1844: Founds a mission post in Rabai near Mombasa. 1848: Travels inland and is the first European to see Mt. Kenia. 1850: With Erhardt explores the coast between Mombasa and Mozambique. Biographisches-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon: Krapf, Johann Ludwig (in German) Marc L. Lipschutz and R. Kent Rasmussen: Krapf, Johann Ludwig M. Louise Pirouet: The Legacy of Johann Ludwig Krapf Adam Ivan von Krusenstern (also known as Adam Johann von Krusenstern, Ivan Fyodorovich Krusenshtern, Russia, 1770-1846) 1803-5: Circumnavigates. Visits Brasil, the Marquesas, Kamchatka, Japan and China. Explores Yeso (Hokkaido). Charles-Marie de La Condamine (France, 1701-1774) 1735-1743: Member of an expedition that travels to Ecuador to measure the shape of the earth. Makes several other scientific observations as well. 1743-4: Travels down the Amazon and conducts experiments in French Guiana. Charles Marie de la Condamine4 Charles Marie de La Condamine Potins d'Uranie - Condamine story Charles-Marie de La Condamine Juan de La Cosa (Spain, ?-1510) 1493: Joins Columbus on his second voyage. 1499: With Ojeda, explores the coasts of Guiana, Venezuela and Colombia. 1500: Draws the oldest extant map showing the New World. 1501: With Bastidas, explores Colombia and discovers Panama.

1504-6: Travels to Venezuela and Curaao, makes some small trips inland near the Gulf of Urab and raids villages in Darin. Twice rescues the Guerra expedition. 1509-10: With Ojeda, attempts to establish a colony on the coast of Colombia. Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce, Baron La Hontan (France, 1666-?) 1688-9: Makes a voyage to Lake Michigan and the area of the upper Mississippi. Alexander Gordon Laing (Scotland, 1793-1826) 1822: Travels through Sierra Leone. 1825-6: Crosses the Sahara from Tripoli to Timbuktu, but is killed by his guide two days after leaving the city for his return journey. Richard Lemon Lander (England, 1804-1834) 1825-7: Servant to Clapperton on the latter's second and fatal expedition. 1830-1: With his brother John Lander, descends the Niger River from Bussa to the coast. 1832: Failed attempt to lead a trading expedition up the Niger. James Lancaster (England, 1550?-1618) 1591-4: Sails to the Indies. Visits Malakka, the Nicobares and Ceylon. 1601-3: Commander of the first voyage of the British East India Company. Visits Atjeh (Sumatra) and Bantam (Java). Jean Franois de Galaup, Comte de La Prouse (France, 1741-1788) 1785-8: Explores the Pacific, visiting Easter Island, Hawaii, Alaska, California, Macao and the Philippines. Explores the northeast Pacific, discovers La Prouse Strait. From Petropavlovsk via Samoa travels to Australia. Shipwrecks on Vanikoro (Santa Cruz), never to be seen again. Carl Anton Larsen (Norway, 1860-1924) 1892-3: Explores the Erebus and Terror Gulf. Lands on Seymour Island and brings back the first Antarctic fossils. 1893-4: Discovers and explores the west coast of Graham Land. Discovers Christensen Island. 1901-2: Captain on Otto Nordenskjld's expedition to Graham Land. Henry Asbjorn Larsen (Canada (born Norwegian), 1899-1964) 1940-2: First to navigate the northwest passage from west to east. 1944: Navigates the northwest passage. First to navigate Prince of Wales Strait. Ren Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (France, 1643-1687) 1669-71: Travels to the Ohio, possibly exploring it partway downstream. 1678: Builds a ship, Le Griffon on the Niagra. This is the first ship to sail the Great Lakes. 1679: Builds Fort Miami on the south coast of Lake Michigan. 1679-80: Travels to the Illinois River and builds Fort Crvecoeur there. 1680: Travels back to Montreal to raise money for the continuation of his expedition. Returns to Fort Crvecoeur, but finds it abandoned. In vain searches for the men he had left behind there. 1681-2: Descends the Mississippi to its mouth. 1684-7: Lands in Texas, looking for the mouth of the Mississippi. Is killed by his own men. Cavelier de La Salle - Intrepid Explorer La Salle, Ren Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (Robert Cavelier, sieur de) (in French) Robert Cavelier, Sieur (Lord) de La Salle Cavelier de la Salle (in French) Ren Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle (in French) Letters on the Texas Explorers - La Salle

Ren-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle La Salle Claims Louisiana for France Hennepin's Story of La Salle in Indiana A La Salle Chronology La Salle expedition (last voyage) the La Salle Shipwreck Project - archaeology on La Salle's ship of his last voyage Raising the Belle Bartolom de Las Casas (Spain, 1484-1566) Priest, championing the case of the Indians from 1514 onwards. 1542: Writes the Brevissima relacin, a short but influential description of the autrocities committed by the Spanish in America. 1550: Debates with Juan Gin&eeacute;s de Seplveda in Valladodid on behalf of the Indians. Bartolome de las Casas Homepage Bartolome de Las Casas: Father of Liberation Theology The Tale of Bartolome de las Casas Bartolom de las Casas (in German) Fray Bartolom de las Casas (in Spanish) Bartolome de las Casas, Missionary, Priest, Defender of the Oppressed Bartolome de las Casas Defends the Rights of Native Peoples Bartolome de las Casas (1484-1566) Bartolom de Las Casas and the Tradition of Medieval Law "Of the Island of Hispaniola" Pierre Gaultier de Varennes Sieur de La Vrendrye (France, 1685-1749) 1731: Travels to Lake Winnipeg, and trades in furs and explores in the regions around the lake for the next ten years. 1738-9: Reaches the Mandan villages on the Missouri. 1742-3: Travels west in what is now Dakota, looking for a route to the Pacific. Possibly sights the Rocky Mountains. La Vrendrye - Explorer of the West La Vrendrye - explorateur, commerant et soldat Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de La Vrendrye (French version) William Lawson (England, born 1774) 1813: With Blaxland and Wentworth, crosses the Australian Blue Mountains Blaxland, Wentworth & Lawson Were Blaxland, Lawson & Wentworth really the first? Miguel Lpez de Legazpi (Spain, 1510-1572) 1564-5: Travels to the Philippines to establish a colony. Conquers Cebu and founds Cebu city. 1571: Founds Manila. Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt (Prussia, 1813-1848?) 1844-5: Finds a route overland from Sydney to Port Essington (Northern Australia). 1846: Tries to make a large expedition from east to west through Australia, via the north, but gives up when after 6 months he has still covered only 500 miles. 1848: Tries again to cross Australia from east to west. Disappears. Pacific Explorers Library: Ludwig Leichhardt Ludwig Leichhardt - explorer - 1813 to 1848 Ludwig Leichhardt Ludwig Leichhardt - easier version The Lost Leichhardt (poem)

Leif Erikson (first name also Leifr or Leifur, last name also Ericsson, Ericson, Eiriksson, Norway, 980?1020?) 1001-2?: Explores the coast of America and winters in Vinland. Irish and Vikings Jacob Le Maire (Netherlands, 1585-1616) 1615-6: With Schouten, discovers Le Maire Strait (south of Cape Horn) and sails through it, discovers various Pacific Islands and charts the north coast of New Guinea. Is imprisoned by the VOC (Dutch East India Company), and dies on the voyage back home. Schouten, Cornelis Willem van - Le Maire, Jakob (in German) In the Name of the Son - Isaac Le Maire's fight to get credit for his son's discovery The First Cape Horners Leo Africanus (born as al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Wezzan al-Fasi, also known as Giovanni Leone, Morocco, 1495?-1554?) Travels widely through Arabia, Persia and Africa. 1523: Is captured by Venetian pirates, freed by Pope Leo X, and lives in Rome for many years, studying and writing books on his adventures. Several years later, he moves to Tunis, renounces Christianity and returns to the Islam. Description of Timbuktu (alternative translation) another fragment of his book Alonso de Len (Spain/Mexico, 1639?-1691) 1686-9: Makes four expeditions to Texas to check the possible French presence there. 1690: With Massanet, founds the first Spanish mission in East Texas. John W. Lewis (UK) 1873: With Warburton, crosses west Australia from Alice Springs to the Oakover River. Crossing West Australia Meriwether Lewis (USA, 1774-1809) 1804-6: With Clark, travels up the Missouri River, crosses the Rocky Mountains, and reaches the Pacific along the Clearwater, Snake and Columbia Rivers. On the return route explores the Marias River. The History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Lewis & Clark Internet Archive (links) Lewis and Clark Educator's Choice Search (links) First across the continent; the story of The Eeploring expedition of Lewis and Clark in 1803-4 (1902 book on Lewis and Clark) Jan Huyghen van Linschoten (Netherlands, 1563-1611) 1583-9: Serves as bookkeeper to the archbishiop of Goa. Collects information on the Asian trade. When back in the Netherlands writes two books about Asia. 1594: With Barentsz, tries to look for the Northeast Passage. Enters Kara Sea, east of Nova Zembla. 1595: With Barentsz, again looks for the Northeast Passage. Unable to enter the Kara Sea because of ice. Frfattare - Linschoten Manuel Lisa (Spain/Louisiana, 1772-1820)

1807: Travels up the Missouri with a group of traders and builds various trading forts. Remains an important trader in the region until his death. History and Stories of Nebraska: Manuel Lisa Manuel Lisa (1772-1820) David Livingstone (Scotland, 1813-1873) 1841: Joins the mission post in Kuruman (Botswana). Makes several trips into the Kalahari desert. 1844: Builds a mission post in Mabotsa, 220 miles north of Kuruman. 1849: Crosses the Kalahari to Lake Ngami. 1851: Travels further north from Lake Ngami and reaches Linyanti on the Zambezi. 1853-6: From Linyanti travels west to Luanda, back to Linyanti and then down the Zambezi to Quelimane. 1858-64: Explores the Shire, discovers Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and explores the region around the lake. Protests the slave trade. 1867-73: Explores the headwaters of the Congo and Lake Tanganyika. David Livingstone Centre Dr Livingstone - Man of Africa David Livingstone Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (Livingstone's own writing) A Popular account of Dr. Livingstone's expedition to the Zambesi and its tributaries (Livingstone's own writing) They purchase salaves - Livingstone's speech upon receiving the Freedom of the City of Edinburgh Garcia Jofre de Loaysa (Spain, ?-1526) 1525-6: Leads an attempt to repeat Magellan's expedition to the Moluccas. Failing to enter the Strait of Magellan for three months, his ships make several discoveries in the region. Dies during the crossing of the Pacific. Jeronimo Lobo (also known as Jerome Lobo, Portugal, 1593?-1678) 1624-34: Works as a missionary in Abessynia. Second European to see the sources of the Blue Nile. A Voyage to Abessynia - Lobo's own writings Stephen Harriman Long (USA, 1784-1864) 1817: Travels up the Mississippi to the place of present-day Minneapolis. 1819-20: Follows the Platte upstream to the Rocky Mountains and the Arkansas to the Royal Gorge. Follows a river downstream that he believes is the Red River, but finds it is actually the Canadian. 1823: Follows the Minnesota River to its headwaters. Stephen Harriman Long Long, Stephen Harriman Andrew of Longjumeau 1238-40: As an envoy of Louis IX, visits Mongolia. Exploration in the Medieval Period Diogo Lopes de Sequeira (also known as Diego Lopez de Sequira, Portugal, ?-1520?) 1509: Leader of the first Portuguese to visit Malacca. The Portuguese Empire Nicols Lpez (Spain, dates unknown) 1683: With Juan Diego de Mencdoza establishes mission posts among the Jumano Indians and explores Texas.

Lpez, Nicols Fray Nicholas Lopez Francisco Lpez de Gamarra (Spain, ?-1693) 1687: With de Pez explores the coast of Texas, looking for the expedition of La Salle and for Rivas and Iriarte. Tristn de Luna y Arellano (Spain, ?-1573) 1557-61: Tries to build a colony on Pensacola Bay, and find a route from there to the Atlantic coast. The Luna Expedition Luna y Arellano, Tristn de The Voyage of Don Tristan de Luna An Analysis of Spanish Colonization Fleets: The Luna Example The Emanuel Point Ships - Archaeological Investigations 1992-1995 Fyodor Petrovich Ltke (also known as Fedor Petrovich Litke, Russia, 1797-1882) 1826-9: Maps parts of the coast of Bering Strait. Visits the Carolines (discovering some islands), Guam and the Bonin Islands. Alexander Mackenzie (Scotland, 1764?-1820) 1789: Follows the Mackenzie River to its mouth. 1793: Travels up the Peace River, crosses the Rocky Mountains, reaches the Fraser and reaches the Pacific by way of the Bella Coola River. Sir Alexander Mackenzie Alexander Mackenzie - To the Pacific Alexander Mackenzie - same page in French Donald Baxter MacMillan (USA, 1874-1970) 1908-9: Member of Peary's final expedition. 1910-2: Lives in Labrador, doing ethnological research. 1913-7: Explores northwest of Axel Heiberg Island, searching for (nonexistant) Crocker Land. 1920-1954: Several more expeditions to the Canadian Arctic. 1957: Flies over the North Pole. Rear Admiral Donald B. Macmillan Donald B. MacMillan Ferno de Magalhes (better known as Ferdinand Magellan, also known as Fernando de Magellanes, Portugal, 1480?-1521) 1505-12: Serves in the Indies, visiting Malacca and possibly the Moluccas. 1519-22: In Spanish service, discovers the Straits of Magellan and sails through them, crosses the Pacific and reaches the Philippines. Is killed when getting involved in a local war. Other members of his expedition complete the first circumnavigation. First Circumnavigation of the Globe by Magellan 1519-1522 Ferdinand Magellan After dire straits an agonizing haul across the Pacific Ferdinand Magellan: The greatest voyager of them all Magellan, Ferdinand Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan (in French) Ferdinand Magellan (links) Original account Jacques Mahu (Netherlands, died 1598)

1598: Leader of an expedition trying to reach the East Indies through the Straits of Magellan. Dies of fevers on the Brazilian coast. Alejandro Malaspina (Italy, 1754-1810) 1789-94: Maps the coasts of America in great detail. Also visits the Falklands, the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand and Tonga. Later spent several years in prison because of his opinion that Spain's American colonies should become independent. The Alejandro Malaspina International Foundation Alonso de Castillo Maldonado (Spain) 1527-36: Joins the expedition of Pnfilo de Narvez to Florida. With Cabeza de Vaca and two others manages to return to Mexico by foot. Castillo Maldonado, Alonso Alonso de Castillo Maldonado Cabeza de Vaca Malinche (also known as Malintzin and doa Marina, Aztek) Sold as a child into slavery in Tabasco. Later functioned as an interpreter for Cortes, knowing both Mayan (and later also some Spanish) and Nahuatl. La Malinche, Aztec Traitor? La Malinche, Unrecognized Heroine La Malinche; the Mexican Eve The Story of La Malinche: "The Mexican Eve": A Woman of Historical Contradictions Mythical Views of Malintzin, Malinche, Marina: the Virgin, the Harlot and the Heroine La Malinche - Harlot or Heroine? Quien es La Malinche? Beyond October 14 Paul Mallet (France/Canada, ?-1753) and Pierre Antoine Mallet (France/Canada, 1700-?) 1739: Travel to Santa Fe from the Mississippi 1740: Descend the Canadian, cross the Texan panhandle, and travel down the Arkansas and the Mississippi to New Orleans. 1741-2: Fail in an attempt to reach Santa Fe from New Orleans by way of the Canadian 1750: Pierre travels from New Orleans to Santa Fe via the Red and the Canadian. Mallet Expeditions John Mandeville (14th century) Claimed author for a very popular Medieval book, giving a fully imaginary description of a world voyage. Exploration in the Medieval Period Thomas Manning (England, 1772-1840) 1811: Travels to Lhasa and meets the Dalai Lama. Jean-Baptiste Marchand (France, 1863-1934) 1890: Explores the sources of the Niger. 1892: Explores western Sudan. 1893-5: Travels through the inlands of Ivory Coast. 1897-8: Leader of a military expedition from Congo to Sudan. Has to retreat after the Fashoda incident. Fashoda Incident Marcos de Niza (France, ?-1558)

1539: With Estban (Estevanico), looks for rich cities north of Mexico, and claims to have seen Cibola in New Mexico. 1540: Guide to Coronado on the latter's expedition to Cibola. Is sent back in disgrace when it is found that 'Cibola' is merely a simple village. Niza, Marcos de Fray Marcos de Niza Randolph Barnes Marcy (USA, 1812-1887) 1849: Blazes a trail from Fort Smith, Texas to Santa Fe. 1851: Participant in an expedition to select sites for forts on the Texas frontier. 1852: Explores large amounts of unknown territory in Texas and Oklahoma. Discovers the sources of the Red River. 1854: Surveys Indian reservations in Texas. 1856: Explores the headwaters of the Big Wichita and Brazos rivers. Jos Mares (Spain) 1787: Blazes a trail from Santa Fe to San Antonio 1788: Returns to Santa Fe by a different route Giovanni de Marignolli (also known as John of Marignolli, Florence, dates unknown) 1338-53: Travels to China overland. Returns by sea after a stay in Beijing of four years. Exploration in the Medieval Period Jacques Marquette (France, 1637-1675) 1673: With Jolliet, travels down the Mississippi until the mouth of the Arkansas. Estban Jos Martnez (Spain, 1742-1798) 1774: Second-in-command of the expedition of Prez Hernndez to Alaska. 1788: Leader of an expedition to Alaska, reaches the Russian settlement on the Aleutian island of Unalaska 1789: Attempts to coloniza Nootka. Peter Martyr (Italy, 1457-1526) Important writer about America and the Spanish voyages to the area. Peter Martyr d'Anghiera The New World Chronicles of Peter Martyr Francisco Antonio Maurelle (Spain) 1780-1: Blown off course from the Philippines to America, discovers various Pacific islands, especially in the Tonga group. Damn Massanet (Spain) 1690: Establishes the mission of San Francisco de Los Tejas, the first Spanish mission in eastern Texas. Douglas Mawson (Australia, 1882-1958) 1907-9: Member of Shackleton's Antarctic expedtion. Member of the group that ascends Mount Erebus and reaches the South Magnetic Pole. 1911-4: Leads an expedition to Antarctica. Maps almost 10,000 km of Antarctic coast. 1929-31: Leads another expedition to Antarctica. Antarctic Explorers: Douglas Mawson The Home of the Blizzard Sir Douglas Mawson

Francis Leopold McClintock (Ireland, 1819-1907) 1848-9: Member of John Ross's expedition to search Franklin. With Ross sledges along the coast of Somerset Island. 1851: Looking for Franklin, sledges from Cornwallis Island to Somerset Island. 1853: Travelling by sledge from Melville Island discovers Prince Patrick Island. 1857-9: Leads an expedition to search for Franklin, and finds the remains of Franklin's expedition. Explores Boothia Peninsula. McClintock, Sir Francis Leopold Robert John Le Mesurier McClure (Ireland, 1807-1873) 1850-4: Looking for Franklin, sails to Canada through Bering Strait. Reaches Prince of Wales Strait, but stuck in the ice at the west coast of Banks Island. Is rescued by Belcher and returns to England through Baffin Bay, thus completing the Northwest Passage although partly by sledges. McClure, Sir Robert John Le Mesurier Donald McKenzie (Scotland, 1783-1851) 1818-21: Makes three voyage to explore the region around Snake River, and organizes fur trapping in the area. Alvaro de Mendaa de Nehra (Spain, 1541-1595) 1567-9: Looking for Terra Australis, discovers the Solomon Islands. 1595: Attempting to colonize the Solomon Islands, discovers the Marquesas and Santa Cruz, but dies of illness. Juan Domnguez de Mendoza (Spain, 1631-?) 1654: Joins an expedition that treks from Santa Fe to present-day San Angelo, Texas 1683-4: With Nicols Lpez establishes mission posts among the Jumano Indians and explores Texas. Jorge de Meneses (Portugal) 1526: Discovers New Guinea. The Portuguese Empire Athanase de Mzires (France, 1719-1779) 1769: In Spanish service, named lieutenant governor of Natchitoches. 1770: First of several expeditions to the Red River. 1778-9: Forges an alliance with the Comanches and Norteos against the Apaches. Christopher Middleton (England) 1741-2: Searches the Northwest Passage in service of the Hudson's Bay Company. Sails north through Roe's Welcome Sound to Frozen Strait. Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (Scotland, 1792-1855) 1831: Explores the MacIntyre River. 1835: Explores the Bogan and the Darling. 18364: Follows the Lachlan, Murrumbidgee and Murray downstream to the Darling. Travels south, reaching the coast at Discovery Bay. Pacific Explorers Library: Thomas Mitchell Thomas Mitchell Giovanni da Montecorvino (better known as John of Montecorvino Italy, 1247-1328) 1291-4: Travels to China as a missionary. Also preaches in Persia and India.

1305: Named first archbishop of Cambaluc (Beijing). Exploration in the Medieval Period Francisco de Montejo (Spain) 1527: Fails in an attempt to conquer Yucatn. 1536: Made governor of Honduras. 1537-42: His son and nephew, both also called Francisco, conquer Yucatn. Pierre du Gua, Sieur de Monts (France, 1558?-1628) 1604-7: Establishes a (short-lasting) colony in Port Royal, Nova Scotia. Pierre Du Gua de Monts Pierre du Gua de Monts (in French) Samuel de Champlain Luis de Moscoso Alvarado (Spain, 1505-1551) 1541-3: Takes over command of the expedition of De Soto after the latter's death, and leads it back to Mexico. Hernando de Soto Balthazar de Moucheron (Netherlands, 1552-1630?) Major merchant, organized expeditions to Russia (1584), West Africa (1594), North America (1595), South America (1597). 1594, 1595: Organizes two voyages to search for the Northeast passage. 1598: Sends out an expedition under the Houtman brothers to the East Indies. Jens Munk (Denmark, 1579-1628) 1609, 1610: Member of two expeditions to search for the northeast passage. 1619-20: Searching for the northwest passage. Explores the west coast of Hudson Bay. same page in German Gustav Nachtigal (Germany, 1834-1885) 1869-74: Crosses the Sahara from Tunis to Kuka (Nigeria). Functions as ambassador of the king of Prussia with the sultan of Bornu, and makes several voyages to the areas around Bornu. Returns to Egypt by way of Khartoum. Michael Solka: Durch die Sahara und den Sudan: Gustav Nachtigal (in German) JADU: Sahara (in German) Karl Wllenweber: Gustav Nachtigal (in German) Gustav Nachtigal: Sahara und Sudan (in German) Gustav Nachtigal: letters (in German) Naddod (Norway, dates unknown) ca. 860: Blown off course by a storm on his way to Faeroer, discovers Iceland. Irish and Vikings Fridtjof Nansen (Norway, 1861-1930) 1888: Makes the first crossing of Greenland 1893-6: With a specifically for this purpose designed ship, the Fram, tries to reach the North Pole by letting his ship be taken there by the ice. Reaches 8555' North with the ship and a record of 8613' on ski. Chr.A.R. Christophersen: Fridtjof Nansen - A Life in the Service of Science and Humanity James S. Aber: Fridtjof Nansen Tore Gjelsvik: Fridtjof Nansen - Scientist, Diplomat and Humanist The Nobel Foundations: Fridtjof Nansen

Linn Ryne: Fridtjof Nansen - Man of many facets Fridtjof Nansen Photographic Archive The Northern Lights Route: With Nansen to the North Pole Bold Endeavours - Fridtjof Nansen Man of many talents Kre Berg: The Polar Vessel "Fram" K.Ya. Kondratyev, V.V. Malentyev and G.A. Ivanian: Nansen and Russia Nansen's diary comes to light Pnfilo de Narvez (Spain, ca.1470-1528) 1511-8: Participates in the conquest of Cuba. 1520: Sent out by Velsquez to call back Corts, but in a fight is beaten by the latter. 1527-8: Tries to colonize Florida. Explores the area looking for gold. Builds boats to try to get back to Mexico, but those shipwreck near the mouth of the Mississippi. Only a few members of the expedition (most famously Cabeza de Vaca) survive. Calderon's Company: Pnfilo de Narvez Pensacola Archeology Lab: The Narvaez / Vaca Expedition The Handbook of Texas Online: Narvez, Pnfilo de Cornelis Corneliszoon Nay (Netherlands) 1594: Looking for the Northeast passage, manages to sail through Yugoysky Sar (between Waygatch and the mainland) into the Kara Sea. Willem Barentsz Nearchus (Greece, 360?-312 BC) 325: Leads Alexander the Great's fleet from the mouth of the Indus back to Persia. Greek Explorers Necho II (Egypt) ca. 600 BC: Sends out a Phoenician fleet which sails around Africa, from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Phoenicia and Carthago Jacob Cornelisz. van Neck (Netherlands) 1598-9: Captain of the second Dutch voyage to the East Indies. Trades in Bantam and makes a high profit. 1600-3: On a second voyage, visits the Moluccas and Macao and captures a Portuguese ship in the Straits of Malacca. First Dutch voyage to China. Nehsi (Egypt) 1492 BC: Leader of an expedition sent out by Queen Hatshepsut to a country called Punt. The first explorers Robert Simpson Neighbors (USA, 1815-1859) 1849: Blazes the Northern route from San Antonio to El Paso. 1854: With Marcy, explores northwestern Texas, looking for sites for Indian reservations. Nero (Rome, 37-68) 66: Sends an expedition up the Nile, which reaches current Sudan. The Roman period John Newberry (England, dates unknown) 1581-2: Travels through the Mediterranean to the Middle East and travels widely through Persia.

1583-4: Travels again to Persia. Is captured by the Portuguese in Hormuz and taken to Goa. Gets free, and travels to the court of the Moghuls. Leaves to return to England, but is never heared of again. Jean Nicollet de Belleborne (also known as Jean Nicolet de Bellesborne, France, 1598?-1642) 1618: Goes to Canada to live among the Indians and learn their language and customs. 1634: Reaches Green Bay on Lake Michigan and travels down the Fox River. Jerrold C. Rodesch: Jean Nicolet Virtual Museuem of New France: Jean Nicollet. The Peacemaking Explorer (French version) Henri Jouan: Jean Nicolet, Interpreter and Voyageur in Canada Brett Rusch: La Vie et le Voyage de Jean Nicolet Katie Weber: Jean Nicolet: Le pre du Wisconsin Reflets du Patrimoine: Jean Nicollet a la rencontre des autochtones Le Nicoletain: L'histoire de Nicolet. Une ville et le nom d'un grand dcouvreur Carsten Niebuhr (Germany, 1733-1815) 1761-7: (Only surviving) member of a scientific expedition to Yemen. Marcos de Nizza Alphabetized under the M. Umberto Nobile (Italy, 1885-1978) 1926: With Amundsen and Ellsworth flies to the North Pole in a dirigible (airship). 1928: Tries again to reach the North Pole by dirigible, crashes on the ice, but is saved later. Museum Leonardo da Vinci: La Tenda Rossa (in Italian) Apoge Online: Umberto Nobile e la Tenda Rossa (in Italian) PolarFlight: Ten Historic Plar Flights, Part 2 Olivier van Noort (Netherlands) 1598-1601: Sails through the Straits of Magellan, visits Chile, the Philippines, Borneo and Java and returns around the Cape of Good Hope. Fourth circumnavigation. Uitgeverij SUN: Om de Wereld (in Dutch) Herrmann Mckler: Noort, Oliver van (in German) Sjoerd de Meer: De reis van Olivier van Noort (in Dutch) Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskild (also known as A.E. Nordenskjld, Finland, 1832-1901) 1858, 1861, 1864, 1868: Makes scientific expeditions to Spitsbergen. 1870: Leads an expedition to Greenland. First to reach the interior of Greenland. 1872-3: Wants to try to reach the North Pole from Spitsbergen, but problems stop him from making an actual attempt. Does explore northeastern Spitsbergen. 1875: Navigates to the mouth of the Yenisey, and up the Yenisey River. 1878-9: First to navigate the Northeast Passage. 1883: Leads another expedition to the Greenland interior. Otto Nordenskjld (Sweden, 1869-1928) Nephew of A.E. Nordenskild 1901-3: Explores the east coast of Grahamland. Adventures during the Antarctic Winter Odoric of Pordenone (also known as Oderico da Pordenone, Italy, ?-1331) 1316-30: Travels to China by way of India, and returns to Italy by land. Probably the first European to visit Lhasa. Exploration in the Medieval Period

Peter Skene Ogden (Canada, 1794-1854) 1824-5: Explores the Bear and Snake Rivers, and reaches the Great Salt Lake. 1825-7: Traps for furs in the region south of the Columbia. 1828-9: Discovers the Humboldt River and follows its course. 1829-30: Travels south from the Columbia via the Humboldt and the Great Basin to the Colorado, following that river to the sea. On his route back north explores the San Joaquin Valley. First white man to cross the American West in the north-south direction. Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Ogden, Peter Skene Utah History Encyclopedia: Peter Skene Ogden Mountain Men and Fur Trade Homepage: Peter Skene Ogden's Snake Country Journals Chris Bristol: Getting explorer on the map Alonso de Ojeda (also known as Alonso de Hojeda, Spain, 1468?-1515) 1493-5: Takes part in Columbus's second voyage. Travels into the interior of Hispaniola. 1499-1500: Explores the northeast coast of South America. Discovers the Essequibo and Orinoco rivers, the Gulf of Venezuela and the Lake of Maracaibo. 1502: Travels to Venezuela to collect pearls. 1508: Attempts to establish a colony at present-day Cartagena, Colombia. Has all his men killed in an Indian attack. 1510: Establishes a short-lived colony on the Gulf of Uraba, Colombia. Peter Bigorajski: Hojeda (Ojeda), Alonso de Catholic Encyclopedia: Alonso de Ojeda Martn Cagliani: Alonso de Ojeda (in Spanish) Publius Historicus: Alonso de Ojeda (in French) Peter Martyr: De Orbo Novo (excerpt) Olaus Magnus (Sweden, 1490-1557) 1518-9: Visits northern Scandinavia 1539: Draws the 1539 Carta Marina, a map of Scandinavia 1555: Writes Historia de Gentibus Septentronalibus. Like his map, provided much information on this still little-known region. Rune Blix Hagen: Olaus Magnus og hans historieverk om Norden fra 1500-tallet (in Norwegian) Olaus Magnus och Carta marina (in Swedish) Catholic Encyclopedia: Olaus Magnus Northern lights route: Olaus Magnus Olaus Magnus: Description of Scricfinnia Cristbal de Olid (Spain, 1492?-1524) 1522: In service of Cortes, travels to western Mexico and explores the Pacific coast. 1523-4: Sent out to conquer Honduras by Cortes, but switches allegiance to the Cuban governor Velzquez before doing so. Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares (Spain, dates unknown) 1700: Founds the mission of San Francisco Solano, Texas 1709: Joins an expedition to eastern Texas 1718: Founds the mission of San Antonio de Valero, Texas Handbook of Texas Online: Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre Expedition Juan de Oate (Spain, 1549?-1624) 1597-8: Starts the colonization of New Mexico. Establishes his capital San Juan de los Caballeros. 1601: Travels to Kansas, looking for Quivira. 1605: Reaches the mouth of the Colorado River from New Mexico. 1609: Recalled to Spain and put on trial for misconduct.

Handbook of Texas Online: Oate, Juan de Handbook of Texas Online: Oate Expedition Albuquerque Journal: Juan de Oate Public History: Cuortocentennial of Colonization of New Mexico Compton's Encyclopedia: Oate, Juan de Columbia Encylopedia: Oate, Juan de Juan de los Caballeros: Captain Farfan and his forgotten trail Francisco de Orellana (Spain, 1511?-1546) 1531: Joins Pizarro in the conquest of Peru. 1541-3: Joins Hernando Pizarro on an expedition eastward. Sent downstream the Coca River in a boat to find food, but decides to continue downstream, and follows the Amazon River to the Atlantic. 1545-6: Attempts to explore and colonize the Amazon, suffers from shipwrecks and desertions and dies. Ottar (also known as Ohthere, Norway) ca. 890: Sails north along the Norwegian coast, and reaches the White Sea area. Irish and Vikings Walter Oudney (Scotland, 1792?-1824) 1822-4: With Clapperton and Denham, travels to Lake Chad as the first Europeans to do so. Travels westward to the Niger with Clapperton, but dies before reaching Kano. Hugh Clapperton Adolf Overweg (Germany, 1823-1852) 1850-2: Travels to Lake Chad with Richardson and Barth, and dies there. Heinrich Barth John Oxley (England, 1783-1828) 1817: Leads an expedition to the area west of Bathurst and explores the Lachlan. 1818: Explores the Macquarie River and discovers the Liverpool Plains. Pacific Island Travel: Pacific Explorers Library: John Oxley Brisbane City Council: Oxley came to Brisbane in 1823... David Reilly: John Oxley G.A. McBryde: John Oxley Martin Westphal: John Oxley Pedro Pez (Spain, 1564-1622) 1618: First European to see the sources of the Blue Nile. Siegbert Uhlig: Paez, Pedro (in German) William Gifford Palgrave (England, 1826-1888) 1862: Crosses the Nefud desert and the Nedjd. First European to cross Arabia from west to east. Atheneum: Mr. W. Gifford Palgrave (Obituary) Gifford Palgrave: Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (preface only) David Latan: The Palgraves: A Victorian Chronology John Palliser (Ireland, 1817-1887) 1847-8: Undertakes a hunting expedition in North America. 1857-9: Explores the region between Lake Superior and the Rockies for possibilities of colonization. Explores mountain passes throught the Canadian Rockies. 1869: During an expedition hunting for walrus sails to 30 miles north of Novaya Zemlya. T.J. Simmonds: Captain John Palliser, CMG, 1817-1887

Our Heritage: John Palliser's Exploration of the Canadian Rockies University of Calgary department of history: John Palliser, Henry Youle Hind and Simon Dawson Nathaniel B. Palmer (USA, 1799-1877) 1820: Discovers the Antarctic peninsula. Whether or not he was the first to do so (several discoveries have been claimed for the same year) is not known. Mungo Park (Scotland, 1771-1806) 1795-7: Travels from the Gambia and the Niger, and confirms the latter direction of flow. 1805-6: Returns to the Niger, and travels down the river. Is murdered near the rapids of Bussa. Robinson Research: In Search of the Niger River: Mungo Park Lodace: Personnages clbres: Mungo Park (in French) Fortnightly Club of Redlands, California: Mungo Park & 6he opening of the Niger: The race to Timbuktu Mungo Park: Travels into the interior of Africa (fragment) William Edward Parry (England, 1790-1855) 1818: Second-in-command of John Ross's expedition to Baffin Bay. 1819-20: Searching for the Northwest Passage, sails through Lancaster Sound and further west to 110 West longitude at Melville Island. 1821-3: Searches a western outlet of Foxe Bassin. Discovers Fury and Hecla Strait, but finds it blocked by ice. Explores Melville Peninsula. 1824-5: Explores Prince Regent Inlet. 1827: Tries to reach the North Pole, and gets to 8245' North, a latitude which was not improved on until 1876. Canadian Arctic Prophiles: Edward Parry - 1819-1820, 1821-1823, 1824-1825 (in French) Julius von Payer (Germany, 1842-1915) 1871: With Weyprecht, intends to explore the region between Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and Novaya Zemlya, but finds no break in the ice. 1872-4: With Weyprecht, lets himself be stuck in the ice for an exploration of the region. Discovers and explores Franz Josef Land. chronology Robert Edwin Peary (USA, 1856-1920) 1886: Penetrates 100 miles inland onto the Greenland icecap. 1891-2: Explores northern Greenland. Reaches Independence Fjord. 1893-5: Again travels to northern Greenland. 1896-7: Returns to Greenland for scientific exploration. 1898-1902: Attempts to reach the North Pole, reaching 8416' North. Discovers Cape Morris Jessup, the northernmost point of Greenland. 1905-6: Tries to reach the North Pole from Ellesmere Island. Reaches 876' North, further north than anyone before. 1908-9: First to reach the North Pole - there are however still people who doubt whether he really did. Compton's Encyclopedia: Peary, Robert Edwin Thinkquest: The North Pole: Robert Edwin Peary (same page in Dutch) Thinkquest: Biography: Robert Peary The American Experience: Robert Peary: To the Top of the World Arlington National Cemetary: Robert Edwin Peary. Rear Admiral, United States Navy Heidi, Katrina & Farrah: Robert Edwin Peary & The North Pole 1900-1910 PolarFlight: The Cook-Peary North Pole Dispute Keith Pickering: Peary at the Pole? Doubtful!

New York Times (1905): Bolder Dash for Pole Next Time, Says Peary Robert E. Peary, jr.: Introduction to Peary's Eagle Island Matthew Henson Franois Pelsaert (also known as Francisco Pelsaert) 1629: Shipwrecks on the Houtman Abrolhos, reefs near the Australian westcoast. Builds a boat to sail to Batavia to get help. When he returns, finds that mutiny has broken out among those left behind. The Grey Company: The Batavia Western Australian Museum: The Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie retourschip Batavia VITA: Pelsaert and the Wreck and Mutiny of the Batavia Swan River Settlement: Francisco Pelsaert John Pinkerton: Early Australian Voyages: Pelsaert, Tasman, Dampier Diego Dionisio de Pealosa Briceo y Berdugo (Spain/Peru, 1621-1687) 1662: Makes an expedition to the northeast from New Mexico to look for Quivira. This is now known to have been a false claim by him, although it is true that he was governor of New Mexico from 1661 to 1664. Handbook of Texas Online: Pealosa Briceo y Berdugo, Diego Dionisio de Addison Erwin Sheldon: Don Diego de Penalosa William Penn (England, 1644-1718) 1677: Involved in the creation of the colony of West New Jersey. 1681: Gets the rights to the colony of Pennsylvania and settles it. Juan Josef Prez Hernndez (Spain, 1725?-1775) 1769: Sails some of the first Spanish colonists to (Alta) California. 1774: Explores the American Northwest Coast northward from California to 60 North. 1775: Second-in-command of Hezeta's expedition up the northwest coast. W.J. Langlois: Captain Cook and the Spanish Explorers on the Coast (excerpt) Diego Prez de Luxn (Spain) 1582-3: Wrote a report of the voyage of Antonio de Espejo. Handbook of Texas Online: Prez de Luxn, Diego Nicolas Perrot (France, 1644?-1717) 1660-1701: Makes a number of voyages to the area which is now Wisconsin. Ensures good relationships between the French and the Indians of the region. Virtual Museum of New-France: Nicolas Perrot. The Undervalued Diplomat Jamie Kneisler: Nicolas Perrot: Early Wisconsinite Andrs de Pez y Malzragga (Spain, 1657-1723) 1687-9: Member of various expeditions to look for La Salle. Explores parts of the American coast and is among the first European group to navigate the Rio Grande. Arthur Phillip (England, 1738-1814) 1788-93: First governor of Australia. Founds the city of Sydney. Instructions from the Home Secretary, Lord Sydney to Captain Arthur Phillip Pieter Pietersz 1636: Takes over the command in the expedition of Pool after the latter's death. Discovers a part of the Australian north coast, west of Arnhemland. Antonio Francesco Pigafetta (also known as Antonio Lombardo Pigafetta, Italy, 1491?-1534?)

1519-22: One of the survivors of Magalhes' expedition around the world. Writes the report of the voyage. Ferno de Magalhes Zebulon Montgomery Pike (USA, 1779-1813) 1805-6: Explores the upper Mississippi. Discovers Cass Lake, which he mistakenly believes to be the river's source. 1806-7: Travels up the Arkansas to the Rockies. Travels to the headwaters of the Rio Grande, claiming to have mistaken them for those of the Red River. Is captured by the Spanish and taken to Chihuahua before being allowed to return to Natchitoches. David L. Wood: Zebulon Montgomery Pike Handbook of Texas Online: Pike, Zebulon Montgomery author unknown: Zebulon Montgomery Pike Zebulon Montgomery Pike: An Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the Mississippi and Through the Western Parts of Louisiana... Wallace L. McKeehan: Lt. Zebulon Pike's Diary: New Mexico, Chihuahua & Texas Alonso lvarez de Pineda (Spain, ?-1520) 1519: Explores the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico. Establishes a colony at the mouth of the Pnuco. 1520: Killed in a fight with the local natives. Handbook of Texas online: lvarez de Pineda, Alonso Bob Fromme: early explorers - Pineda Martn Alonso Pinzn (Spain, 1440?-1493) 1492-3: Commander of the Pinta on Columbus's first voyage. Catholic Encyclopedia: Martn Alonso Pinzn pinson.net: Martin Alonzo Pinzon - Admiral of the Ocean Seas Christophorus Columbus Vicente Yez Pinzn (Spain, 1463-?) 1492-3: Commander of the Nia on Columbus's first voyage. 1499-1500: Discovers Brazil, and explores the northeast coast. Discovers the mouth of the Amazon River. 1502-4: Leads another voyage of exploration to Brazil. 1506: With de Sols, explores the coast of Central America. Explores the Yucatn Peninsula and discovers Honduras. 1508-9: With de Sols, searches for a passage through South America to the Indies. Aborts the expedition, reportedly because of difficulties with de Sols. Francisco Pizarro (Spain, 1475-1541) 1509: Joins Ojeda on a colonizing expedition to the Gulf of Urab. Put in command of the colony when Ojeda goes to Hispaniola for supplies. 1524-5: Travels south along the Colombian coast, looking for Peru. 1526-8: On a second expeedition to Peru, reaches the Inca harbour of Tumbes and the Santa Pau River. 1531-5: Conquers the Inca empire of Peru. 1535: Founds the city of Lima. University of Calgary: The conquest of the Inca empire: Francisco Pizarro Americas-fr: Francisco Pizarro, Conquistador du Prou (in French) Comptons Encyclopedia: Francisco Pizarro (copied by Pirate's Cove) Catholic Encyclopedia: Francisco Pizarro Trujillo: Francisco Pizarro (in Spanish) Peter Bigorajski: Die Eroberung Perus (in German)

Thierry Gschwind: Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) (in German) amerique-latine.com: Francisco Pizarro (in French) Shannon N. White: Spaniards v. Incas and the Fall of the Inca Empire Publius Historicus: Francisco Pizarro - Conqurant espagnol (in French) Dr. J. Kelly Robinson: Francisco Pizarro Encyclopedia.com: Pizarro, Francisco Infoplease: Pizarro, Francisco Francisco de Xeres: Narrative of the Conquest of Peru (excerpt, relating of the capture of Inca king Atahualpa) Gonzalo Pizarro (Spain, 1506?-1548) 1539: Becomes governor of Quito. 1540-2: Searching for El Dorado, travels down the Napo River. Columbia Encyclopedia: Pizarro, Gonzalo Francisco de Orellana Maffeo Polo (Venice, dates unknown) 1255-69: With his brother Nicol makes a trading voyage to Constantinople and Russia. Travels on to Buchara and China. 1271-9: With Nicol and nephew Marco, again travels to China. Exploration in the Medieval Period Marco Polo (Venice, 1254-1324) 1271-92: With his father and uncle, travels to China by way of Palestina, Persia and Central Asia. There he is in service of Kubilai Khan for 15 years, and visits India by land. He returns to Europe, taking the sea route to Persia. Exploration in the Medieval Period Nicol Polo (Venice, dates unknown) 1255-69: With his brother Mafeo, makes a trading voyage to Constantinople and Russia. Travels on to Buchara and China. 1271-9: With Mafeo and son Marco, again travels to China. Exploration in the Medieval Period Juan Ponce de Lon (Spain, 1460?-1521) 1508: Explores and colonizes Puerto Rico. 1513: Discovers Florida and follows a large part of the coastline. 1521: Fails in an attempt to establish a colony on the west coast of Florida. Peter Pond (USA, 1740-1807) 1778: First European to reach Lake Athabasca. Establishes a trading post on the Atabasca River. 1787: Probably reaches the Great Slave Lake. Dorthea Calverley: Peter Pond, Methye Portage and the first Northern Alberta trading post Dorthea Calverley: Peter Pond and the Athabasca Country The Columbia Encyclopedia: Peter Pond Lorraine Hoffman & Phillip R. Coutu: Did Peter Pond participate in the ethnic cleansing of Western Canada's Indigenous Peoples? Gerrit Pool (Netherlands) 1636: Sent out on an expedition to Australia. Killed by natives. Gaspar de Portol (Spain) 1769: Leads the first Spanish colonizing expedition to California.

1769-70: Explores the coast of California by land. Discovers San Francisco Bay. San Diego Historical Society: Gaspar de Portola Gary S. Breschini: The Portol Expedition of 1769 Ross Eric Gibson: First Portola Expedition Got Lost on the Way to Monterey University of Alabama: Don Gaspare de Portola - The Discovery of the San Francisco peninsula Gary S. Breschini: The Founding of Monterey Gary S. Breschini: Monterey's First Years: The Royal Presidio of San Carlos de Monterey John Wesley Powell (USA, 1834-1902) 1867-73: Leads four scientific expeditions to the Rocky Mountains and the Colorado River. 1869: Descends the Colorado River by boat. John Wesley Powell Memorial Museum: Major John Wesley Powell John Wesley Powell River History Museum: John Wesley Powell - The Man Desert USA: John Wesley Powell Shelly James: Major John Wesley Powell Susannah Abbey: Explorer Hero: John Wesley Powell Bob Ribokas: The Powell Expedition University of Colorado: The John Wesley Powell Page Utah History Encyclopedia: John Wesley Powell Songbird: John Wesley Powell Alex Philp: John Wesley Powell's watershed commonwealths: Mapping a West that might have been contemporary obituary and grave University of North Texas Library: John Wesley Powell (links) Chris Jeffereis: John Wesley Powell (links) Publications - several primary sources Vasily Poyarkov (Russia) 1643-6: Travels to the Amur and follows it downstream. Returns to Siberia by way of the coast. Martin Pring (England) 1603: Visits New England. Nikolai Mikhaylovich Przhevalski (also known as Przehvalsky, Przewalski, Russia, 1839-1888) 1870-2: Travels through Mongolia and China, and reaches lake Koko Nor. 1876-7: Reaches lake Lop Nor and discovers the Altin Tagh mountains. 1879-80: Attempts to reach Lhasa, but is sent back by Tibetan guards only 270 km from his goal. 1884-5: Again fails to reach Lhasa, but explores large parts of northeastern Tibet. 1888: Dies at the Issyk Kul Lake while preparing for his fifth voyage. Claudius Ptolemaeus (also known as Ptolemy, Greece/Egypt, 90?-168?) Important astronomer and geographer. His Geography was the main source of information for earlyRenaissance cartographers. The Roman period Pytheas (Massilia) ca. 325 BC: Visits the Atlantic coast of Europe. Explores the British Islands and describes a country in the far northwest which he calls Thule. Greek explorers Jacob Quackernaeck (the Netherlands)

1598-1600: Captain on the expedition of Mahu and Cordes to sail to the Indies through the Straits of Magellan. After crossing the Pacific, Quackernaeck's ship lands on the coast of Japan. Beginning of both the Dutch and the English contacts with Japan. Hans-Peter van Leeuwen: Ongeluk brengt Hollandse liefde naar Japan (in Dutch) Andre Engels: Jacques Mahu and Simon de Cordes Chris Sonnemans: The Voyage of 'de Liefde' Matthijs Quast (the Netherlands) 1639: Explores the seas East of Japan. Discovers the Bonin Islands. Jean de Quen (France, 1603-1659) 1647: Travels up the Saguenay and discovers and crosses Lake St. Jean. 1652: Founds the mission of Metabetchouan. The Virtual Museum of New France: Jean de Quen. The Missionary Explorer Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada (1509-1579) 1536-9: Travels inland from the Colombian coast. Conquers the Chibcha kingdom. Founds Santa F de Bogota. 1568-72: Travels eastward from Santa F to look for El Dorado. Reaches the Orinoco River. Pedro Fernandez De Quirs (also known as Pedro Fernandes de Quieros, Portugal, ca. 1565-1615) 1595-6: Pilot on the second voyage of Mendaa, leads the expedition to the Philippines after the latter's death. 1603-6: Searching for Terra Australis, discovers Vanuatu and tries to build a colony there. Returns to Mexico very suddenly. Pierre Esprit Radisson (France, 1636-1710) 1651: Captured by Iroquois. Escapes and lives as an interpreter in Fort Orange (present-day Albany) for some time. 1659-60: With Grosseilliers, makes a fur trading voyage to the north of Lake Superior, and hears that the area between Lake Superior and Hudson Bay was rich in beaver. Possibly reaches the upper Mississippi. 1661-3: With Grosseilliers, makes another fur trading expedition to the Lake Superior region and reaches James Bay. 1666: Having been fined for unlicensed fur trading, switches loyalty to England. 1668: Sets out on an English fur trading expedition to Hudson Bay, but is forced back by a storm near Ireland. 1674: Switches loyalty back to France, and later back to England. The Virtual Museum of New-France: Pierre-Esprit Radisson. The Stateless Adventurer Historic HBC: Pierre-Esprit Radisson adn Mdard Chouart, Sieur des Grosseilliers L2ed.com: Pierre Radisson and Mdard Chouart Sieur des Groseilliers (French version) The Hudson's Bay Company John Rae (Scotland, 1813-1893) 1846: Maps the coast from Melville Peninsula to Boothia. 1847-9: Explores the coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers, looking for Franklin. 1851: Looking for Franklin, explores the south coast of Victoria Island and Victoria Strait. 1853-4: Travels through Boothia Peninsula and hears of the fate of Franklin's expedition. Made various more explorations in the Canadian Arctic. Canadian Arctic Profiles: John Rae Sir Walter Raleigh (also known as Walter Ralegh, England, 1552?-1618)

1584: Sends out Amadas and Barlowe to explore the coast of North America for a suitable place for a colony. 1585: Sends out a colonizing expedition to Roanoke Island, North Carolina. 1587: Sends out a second colonizing expedition to Roanoke. 1595: Explores the Orinoco to look for El Dorado. 1616: Explores the Orinoco searching for El Dorado a second time. Jim Batten: Sir Walter Raleigh, of Hayes Barton, Woodbury Common John D. Neville: Sir Walter Raleigh Lebame Houston and Wynne Dough: Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe Kid Info: The Colony of Roanoke (links) Raleigh National Historic Site: Roanoke Revisited North Carolina Historical Sites: First English Settlement in the New World John D. Neville: The First English Colony John D. Neville, Lebame Houston and Wynne Dough: John White John D. Neville: The John White Colony Ralph Lane: The Colony At Roanoke Thomas Hariot: A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (eyewitness account of the first Virginia colony) Melanie Nixon: The Lost Colony at Roanoke Webwright Research: North Carolina's "Lost" Colonists 1587 (with further links) John D. Neville: Search for the lost colony Eric Hause: Roanoke Island: The Lost Colony The Great Unknown: Sir Walter Raleigh Walter Raleigh: The Discovery of Guiana (Raleigh's own account of his first South American expedition) (same text, different site) Hari Ram (India) 1871-2: Circumnavigates Mount Everest, without ever seeing it. The Pundits Diego Ramn (Spain, 1641-1724) 1707: Explores the area north of the Rio Grande and fights the Indians of the Region. Handbook of Texas Online: Ramn, Diego Handbook of Texas Online: Ramn Expedition Domingo Ramn (Spain, ?-1723) 1716-9: Leads an expedition trying to reconquer Eastern Texas for the Spanish. Handbook of Texas Online: Ramn, Domingo Antnio Rapso Tavares (Portugal, 1598?-1658) 1627: On a slave-catching expedition from So Paulo, raids mission villages in Uruguay and the Guaira region. 1636-8: Reaches the Taquari River, Mato Grosso. 1648-52: On a large slave-raiding and exploring expedition, reaches Bolivia, Ecuador and the Rio Negro, and possibly the Pacific. Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (Denmark, 1879-1933) 1910: Establishes the Thule trading station in northwestern Greenland. 1912: Crosses northern Greenland and makes discoveries in the Denmark Fjord region. 1917: Explores the northern coast of Greenland. 1920: Undertakes etnographic research among the Inuit of Angmagssalik. 1921-4: Leader of a major scientific expedition into Inuit culture. Travels from Danish Island, Greenland to Kotzebue, Alaska, studying Inuit people.

Nationalmuseet: Knud Rasmussen. (1879-1933) (in Danish) Bogens Verden: Knud Rasmussen og Thule p EDB (in Danish) qimusseq.gl: Knud Rasmussen (1879-1933) Johannes Rebmann (Germany, 1820-1876) 1846: With Krapf, establishes a mission post in Eastern Africa. 1848: First European to see the Kilimanjaro. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon: Rebmann, Johannes (in German) Cornelis Reijersen (Netherlands) 1622: Attacks Macao, but is beaten back. Builds a fort on the Pescadores, near the coast of Fujian. Ray Howgego and Andre Engels: The Dutch on Formosa Jean Ribault (also known as Jean Ribaut, France, 1520-1565) 1562-3: Establishes the Huguenot colony of Charlesfort in what is now South Carolina. 1565: Killed during an attempt to save Charlesfort from a Spanish attack. Chester B. DePratter: Charlesfort Our Country: Who is Jean Ribault? Florida History Internet Center: Florida of the French. A short interlude Matteo Ricci (also known as Li Ma-teu, Italy, 1552-1610) 1583: Settles as a Jesuit missionary in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China. 1595: Failed attempt to visit Beijing. 1601: Moves to Beijing to the court of emperor Wan-li. Draws a famous world map, using both western and Chinese sources. Joseph MacDonnell: Matteo Ricci, S.J. and his contribution to science in China Catholic Encyclopedia: Matteo Ricci J.J. O'Connor & E.F. Robertson: Matteo Ricci Gesuiti in Italia: Matteo Ricci (in Italian) The Illuminated Lantern: Christianity in China 1: Matteo Ricci and the Jesuits Galileo Project: Ricci, Matteo (factfile) Matteo Ricci: On Chinese Government, The Art of Printing (extracts from his journals) John Richardson (England) 1819-1822: With Back and Franklin, explores the Canadian Arctic coast from the mouth of the Coppermine to Bathurst Inlet. - timeline 1825-1827: With Back and Franklin, follows the Canadian coast from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Cape Beechey. - timeline John Franklin Ferdinand Paul Wilhem, Freiherr von Richthofen (Germany, 1833-1905) 1867-72: Undertakes seven expeditions exploring China. Lothar Zgner: Ferdinand von Richthofen - Neue Sicht auf ein altes Land (in German) Jan Cornelius de Rijp (Netherlands) 1596: With Barentsz and van Heemskerck, discovers Beren Island and Svalbard. Makes a second attempt to sail between Greenland and Svalbard. Willem Barentsz Martn de Rivas (Spain, ?-1690) 1686, 1688: Makes two voyages along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, looking for a supposed French colony. Handbook of Texas Online: Martn de Rivas

Handbook of Texas Online: Rivas-Iriarte expedition Juan Maria de Rivera (Spain) 1761: Travels northwest from Taos into present-day Colorado. Crosses the San Juan mountains and reaches the environments of present-day Durango. ?: Leads a group of soldiers, traders and missionaries from Taos to Durango. 1765: Reaches the area around the Gunnison River, Colorado. Jean-Franois de la Rocque, Sieur de Roberval (France, 1500-1560) 1542-3: Tries to colonize Canada. Builds a fortress near present-day Quebec and searches for the mythical country of Saguenay. Jacques Cartier Agustn Rodrguez (Spain, ?-1582) 1581-2: Leads an expedition into New Mexico. Killed by Indians. Handbook of Texas Online: Rodrguez, Agustn Handbook of Texas Online: Rodrguez-Snchez Expedition Jacob Roggeveen (Netherlands, 1659-1729) 1721-2: Travels to the Pacific to look for Terra Australis. Discovers Easter Island and Samoa. Hermann Mckler: Roggeveen, Jacob (in German) Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs (Germany, 1831-1896) 1862-7: Crosses the Atlas mountains and travels through the northern Sahara. Crosses the Sahara from Tripoli to Lake Chad and the Golf of Guinea. 1869, 1874, 1878-9: Makes two voyages through the Libyan desert. On his last voyage he reaches the oases of Kufra. Bayern2Radio: Durch Wsten und Berglnder: Gerhard Rohlfs (in German) Vegesack Online: Gerhard-Rohlfs-Zimmer (in German) Gerhard Rohlfs: Quer durch Afrika (in German) Cndido Mariano da Silva Rondn (Brazil, 1865-1958) 1906-9: Explores the Mato Grosso. Discovers the Rio da Dvida. 1913: With Roosevelt, explores the Rio da Dvida (now Rio Roosevelt). Fernando Correia da Silva: Cndido Rondon: Explorador, gegrafo, pacificador (in Portuguese) The Great Unknown: Candido Rondon. A Friend of the Indians Theodore Roosevelt (USA, 1858-1919) 1901-9: President of the USA 1913-4: With Rondon, maps the River of Doubt (now Rio Roosevelt). Mary Beth Smith: The Joy of Life - a biography of Theodore Roosevelt The Great Unknown: Theodore Roosevelt, The Restless Hunter Theodore Roosevelt: Through the Brazilian Wilderness James Clark Ross (UK, 1800-1862) 1818-37: Member of various Arctic expeditions under his uncle John Ross and Edward Parry. 1829-33: During an expedition of John Ross, makes various sledge journeys in the Canadian Arctic and reaches the North Magnetic Pole. 1839-43: Leads an expedition to Antarctica. Discovers Victoria Land and the Ross Ice Barrier. 1848: Leads an expedition searching for Franklin. Antarctic Philately: James Clark Ross SPASEMAN: 1841 Ross Island Discovered Robert Holmes: Discovered in 1841 (the discovery of Ross Island)

Bernie Chung: James Clark Ross John Ross (UK, 1777-1856) 1818-9: Explores Baffin Bay. 1829-33: Searching for the Northwest Passage, explores Boothia Peninsula, King William Island and the Gulf of Boothia. His nephew James Clark Ross reaches the North Magnetic Pole. 1850: Leads an expedition to search for Franklin. The Wayfarer's Bookshop: Explorer Biographies: Sir John Ross Sir John Ross: Narrative of a Second Voyage in Search of a north-west passage and of a residence in the Arctic Regions, during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, and 1833 National Library of Canada: Ross (1818-1819) Sir John Ross: Letter to Geroge Elliot, 1833 Find a Grave: Sir John Ross Ru (Polynesia) According to Tahitian tradition, explores the world with his sister Huna William of Rubruck (also known as Willem van Ruysbroeck, Wilhelmus Rubruquis, Flanders, dates unknown) 1253-5: Visits the Mongolian leader Mngke Khan in Karakorum. Exploration in the Medieval Period lvaro de Saavedra (Spain, ?-1529) 1527-9: Crosses the Pacific from Mexico to Indonesia. Takes the survivers of the expedition of Loaysa aboard and follows the north coast of New Guinea. Dies on a failed attempt to cross the Pacific back. Hermann Mckler: Saavedra, Alvaro de S. Ceron (in German) Sacagawea (also known as Sakajawea, Soshone, 1787?-1812) 1805-6: Assists Lewis and Clark on their expedition as an interpreter and general aid. PBS Online: Sacagawea Jim Garamone: Sacagawea: Saga of an American Indian Woman Irving W. Anderson: The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny Grace Raymond Hebard: Sacagawea: Shoshone Indian: "Bird Woman" Bonnie Butterfield: Sacagawea: Captive, Indian Interpreter, Great American Legend: Her Life and Death The West Film Project: Sacagawea Microsoft Encarta: Sakajawea Irving W. Anderson: Sacajawea?-Sakakawea?-Sacagawea? Spelling-Pronunciation-Meaning Sacagawea - Guide to Lewis and Clark (links) Lewis and Clark Sahure (Egypt, reign 2458-2446 BC) ca. 2450: Sends out the oldest expedition to a land called Punt. The first explorers Juan de Salas (Spain, dates unknown) 1629, 1632: Missionary expeditions to the Jumanos indians in western Texas. Francisco Snchez (Spain, 1512?-1582) 1581-2: Crosses the Rio Grande and visits the Jumano Indians. Killed by Indians on the return voyage. Handbook of Texas Online: Snchez, Francisco

Handbook of Texas Online: Rodrguez-Snchez Expedition Sataspes (Carthage) In Persian service, explores the Atlantic coast of Africa. Greek explorers Johann Schiltberger (also known as Hans Schiltberger, Bavaria, 1380-?) 1396-1402: Captured by the Turks in the battle of Nicopolis. Lives as a prisoner of sultan Bajazet and visits much through Asia Minor and Egypt. 1402-5: Captured by the Mongols. Becomes a prisoner of Timur (Tamerlane), reaches Samarkand and travels through Armenia, Georgia and Russia. 1405-27: Taken to a new master in Herat after Timur's death. Travels to Western Siberia and makes a pilgrimage to Mecca. Escapes in Caffa on the Black Sea and returns to Bavaria. The medieval period Eduard Schnitzer See Emin Pasha Robert Hermann Schomburgk (UK, 1804-1865) 1835-8: Explores the inlands of British Guyanan on a botanical expedition. 1841: Surveys the boundaries between British Guyana and Brasil and Venezuela. Schomburgk's own writings: Reports and letters - The fishes of Guyana Willem Corneliszoon Schouten (Netherlands, 1567?-1625) 1602: Travels to Ceram to get information on New Guinea for the VOC (Dutch East India Company). 1615-6: With Le Maire, discovers Le Maire Strait (south of Cape Horn) and sails through it, discovers various Pacific Islands and charts the north coast of New Guinea. Is imprisoned by the VOC. VITA: Le Maire, Schouten, and Cape Horn Hermann Mckler: Schouten, Cornelis Willem van (Corneliszoon, Willem) - Le Maire, Jakob (in German) Edward Duyker: The First Cape Horners Britannica.com: Schouten, Willem Brian Hooker: In the Name of the Son: Isaac Le Maire fought to credit his son Jacob as discoverer of the Le Maire Straight Georg August Schweinfurth (Germany, 1836-1925) 1869-71: Explores the Bahr al-Ghazal, a tributary of the Nile. Crosses the Nile-Congo watershed and discovers the Uele River. Anthropological research on various tribes, among which the pygmys. 1873: With Rohlfs, makes a failed attempt to cross the Lybian desert. 1875-1888: Lives in Egypt. Encyclopaedia Britannica: Schweinfurth, Georg August William Scoresby (Sr.) (UK, 1760-1829) 1806: With a whaling ship east of Svalbard, reach 8130' north, a record. Whitby UK: William Scoresby: Attractions Coastguard23: William Scoresby (top half of the page) Queensland Hotel: The Scoresby Family Robert D. Blair: The Scoresby Page William Scoresby (Jr.) (UK, 1789-1857) 1817: Explores Jan Mayen Island. Finding unusually little ice between Svalbard and Greenland, manage to reach the east coast of Greenland.

1822: Explores the East Greenland coast. Whitby UK: William Scoresby: Attractions (note: the first part is about William Scoresby Sr.) BBC Online: Local Heroes: William Scoresby 1789-1857 Coastguard23: William Scoresby (bottom half of the page) Queensland Hotel: The Scoresby Family Robert D. Blair: The Scoresby Page Robert Falcon Scott (UK, 1868-1912) 1901-4: Leads an expedition to Antarctica. Reaches 8217' south and is the first to see the South Polar ice cap. 1910-2: Reaches the South Pole, but dies on the voyage back to his base camp, as do all other members of the group that reached the pole. Antarctic Philately Homepage: Robert Falcon Scott: Part I - Part II National Maritime Museum: Discovery 1901-04 - Terra Nova 1910-13 Bruce Heydt: Furthest South Jeroen Franois: The first expedition of Robert Falcon Scott - "For God's sake look after our people" Spaseman: 1910-1912 Scott's last expedition Robert Holmes: Scott's Last Expedition EyeWitness: Doomed Expedition To The Pole (journal fragments) Kenneth Chang: Scott's Big Chill - analysis of the meteorological conditions on Scott's final journey Scott Sutherland: A First Rate Tragedy: Robert Falcon Scott and the Race to the South Pole (book review) Scylax (Greece, dates unknown) 510-507 BC: Sails down the Indus River and around Arabia to Egypt. Greek explorers Junpero Serra (Spain, 1713-1784) 1769: Joins an expedition over land to California by Portola. Founds the mission post of San Diego de Alcala. 1771-82: Founds several more mission posts in California. Museum of the City of San Francisco: Junpero Serra: Founder of California The West Film Project: Junipero Serra San Diego Historical Society: Father Junipero Serra Catholic Encyclopedia: Junpero Serra Gary S. Breschini: Father Junpero Serra Tom Kreitzberg: Bl. Junipero Serra, Priest and Missionary Francisco Serro (Portugal, dates unknown) 1511: Takes part in the first Portuguese expedition to the Moluccas. Shipwrecks, but is saved by the inhabitants of Ternate, where he decides to remain for the rest of his life. The Portuguese Empire Ernest Shackleton (UK (half Irish), 1874-1922) 1907-9: Attempts to reach the South Pole, and gets to less than 100 miles distance from it. Another group from his expeditions reaches the South Magnetic Pole. 1914-6: Travels to the Weddell Sea, hoping to cross the Antarctic continent to the Ross Sea. His ship is set adrift, then destroyed by the ice. Manages with great luck and skill to save himself and his crew. 1921-2: Sets out to explore Enderby Land, but dies of a heart attack before reaching Antarctica. The Shack - the Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton Great Antarctic Explorer Site Antarctic Philately Homepage: Ernest H. Shackleton NOVA Online: Shackleton's Expedition

Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton Emily Slatten: Sir Ernest Shackleton Jeroen Franois: Within a stone's throw of the geographic southpole - The incredible adventure of Shackleton National Maritime Museum: Nimrod 1907-09 - Endurance 1914-17 TheIce: Shackleton's expedition of 1907-1909 - Shackleton's Endurance-Aurora expedition Antarctic Connection: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton Stephanie Capparell: Get Ready for Shackleton-Mania Peter's Antarctic Domain: Ernest Shackleton May French-Sheldon (USA, 1847-1936) 1891: Travels through present-day Tanzania. Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov (Russia, 1730?-1795) 1783: Establishes a trading post on Kodiak Island, Alaska and explores the surrounding islands. In the following years builds up a trading emperium in the Aleuts and Alaska. Nobu Shirase (Japan, 1861-1946) 1910-2: Explores the Ross Ice Shelf and King Edward VII Land. Antarctic Philately Homepage: Nobu Shirase Media-Akita: Nobu Shirase Jeroen Franois: The first Swiss and Japanese expedition Thomas Simpson (Scotland, 1808-1840) 1837-9: With Peter Warren Dease charts the Canadian and Alaskan North Coast from the mouth of the Mackenzie to Point Barrow and from the mouth of the Coppermine to Bootha peninsula. Marie Fraser: Sir George Simpson & Thomas Simpson Industry Canada: Peter Warren Dease and Thomas Simpson Kishen Singh (India, dates unknown) 1871-2: Travels through West Tibet and visits Lhasa. 1878-82: Explores the trade route from Lhasa to China and eastern Tibet. The Pundits Nain Singh (India, 1826?-1882) 1865-6: Travels through Nepal to Lhasa, and determines the position of the city. Travels through Tibet to the east. 1867: Travels through western Tibet and visits the Thok-Jalung gold mines. 1873-5: Travels from Kashmir to Lhasa. The Pundits James Sinclair (Canada (after 1849 USA), 1806-1856) 1841: Leads a group of British settlers through the southern Canadian Rockies to Oregon. 1850-2: Travels through the Rocky Mountains, Oregon and California. 1854: Leads a group of settlers from Red River to Oregon. Pedro de Sintra (Portugal, dates unknown) 1460: Travels southward on the African west coast to Guinea. 1461-2: Travels even further south, reaching Sierra Leone. The coast of Africa Paul Allen Siple (USA, 1908-1968) 1933-5: Chief biologist on Byrd's second expedition.

1939-41: Commander of the post at Bay of Whales in the United States Antarctic Service Expedition. 1946: Flies over the North Pole. 1946-7: Joins another expedition to Antarctica. 1955-7: Scientific leader of the United States Antarctic program. Jedediah Strong Smith (USA, 1798-1831) 1823-4: Travels through the South Dakota badlands to the Black Hills. Rediscovers South Pass. 1826-7: Travels southwest from Great Salt Lake through Nevada to the Colorado River and the Black Mountains. Crosses the Mojave Desert and reaches California. Crosses the Sierra Nevada and the Great Basin back to Bear Lake. 1827-8: Returns to California by the same route, then travels north to the Columbia River. Utah History Encyclopedia: Jedediah S. Smith Beth Gibson: Jedidiah Smith Bob Katz: The Mountain Man Jedediah Strong Smith Bob Katz: Mountain Man Jedediah Smith Was a Desert Man, Too Richard Hughey: Jedediah Smith blazed trail across the Serra - The Legacy of Jedediah Smith Cottonwood: Jedediah Strong Smith Sandra Bray: Jedediah S. Smith Emily Zimmerman: Jedediah Smith Martha Glautier: San Dimas Remembered Jedediah Strong Smith Jedediah Strong Smith: The crossing of the Great Salt Lake Desert The Jedediah Smith Society John Smith (England, 1580-1631) 1607-9: Leader of the colony of Jamestown. Explores Chesapeake Bay and discovers the mouth of the Susquehanna. 1614-6: Maps the coast of New England from Monhegan Island to Cape Cod. APVA: Captain John Smith - History of Jamestown - Pocahontas - Virginia Company - Timeline SeacoastNH.com: Smith's New England - Captain Smith's World Wide Hotlinks Dennis Montgomery: Captain John Smith Donald E. Wise: Captain John Smith Department of Humanities Computing: Jamestownhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/s/smith.shtml">John Smith: A Founder of Jamestown 'Our Country': John Smith in Jamestown Charles W. Brewster: Martin Pring, John Smith and Early Exploration J. Dennis Robinson: Why John Smith Never Came Back Stan Birchfield: Did Pocahontas Save Captain John Smith? Douglas Griffith: The Establishment of Jamestown and the Decline of Indian Power John Smith: Map of Virginia - Map of New England John Smith: Starving Time in Virginia Raymond F. Dolle: Captain John Smith's Satire of Sir Walter Raleigh William Smith (England) 1819: Blown south near Cape Horn, discovers the South Shetland Islands. 1819-20: Pilot on an expedition by Bransfield which maps the South Shetland Islands and the tip of Graham Land. Jeroen Franois: Antarctica in sight Juan Daz de Solis (Spain, ?-1516) 1506: With Pinzon, explores the coast of Central America. 1515-6: Explores the coast of South America, discoves Rio de La Plata, but is killed by natives.

Catholic Encyclopedia: Juan Daz de Solis Publius Historicus: Juan Diaz de Solis (in French) Hernando de Soto (Spain, ?-1542) 1531-4: Assists Francisco Pizarro during the conquest of Peru 1539-42: Lands in Florida and travels through the current southeastern United States, looking for riches. Crosses the Mississippi. Dies of a fever on the Mississippi. Members of his expedition later build boats to return to Mexico. David LaRo: de Soto Pensacola Archeology Lab: The Soto Expedition Ron Shealer: Hernando de Soto: Legacy of a conquistador Walter P. Fuller: De Soto: The greatest explorer Peter Bigojarski: Hernando de Soto (timeline; in German) Spanish Exploration and Conquest of Native America (note: the theory presented here about De Soto's route is not one that is anything like generally accepted) Robert B. Rackleff: On De Soto's Trail Ellen K. Coughlin: 16th-Century de Soto Expedition Offers Scholars a Look at Earliest Encounters Between 2 Civilizations John Hanning Speke (UK, 1827-1864) 1854-5: With Burton, explores the inlands of Somalia and visits the city of Harar. 1856-8: With Burton, discovers Lake Tanganyika; alone, discovers Lake Victoria. 1860-3: With Grant, travels to Lake Victoria, finds the place where the Nile flows out of it, and travels on to Sudan. Speke and Grant John Hanning Speke: Journey of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile Joris van Spilbergen (Netherlands) 1614-6: Leads a war fleet to Chile and attacks Spanish ships. Travels on to the East Indies. Hermann Mckler: Spielbergen, Joris Hans Staden (Germany) 1548-9: Takes part in a Portuguese voyage to Brazil. 1550-5: Takes part in a Spanish expedition to South America. Shipwrecks in Brazil and is held captive by Tupinamba Indians. Athena Review: Hans Staden and the Tupinamba in southeast Brasil Henry Morton Stanley (Wales/USA, 1841-1904) 1871: Travels to East Africa and finds Livingstone in the town of Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika. 1874-7: Explores Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika, and travels down the Lualaba-Congo to its mouth. 1879-84: Travels up the Congo to claim territory for the Congo Freestate. 1888-9: Travels to Central Africa to relieve Emin Pasha. Discovers the Semliki River, Lake Edward and the Ruwenzori Mountains. Pegasos: Sir Henry Morton Stanley Britannica: Stanley, Sir Henry Morton Paul Auster: Henry Morton Stanley The Atlantic Online: Is he not in Congo-land? Louis Juchereau de St. Denis (Canada/France, 1674-1744) 1713: Travels west from Mobile, and reaches the Rio Grande and San Juan Bautista. Is taken to Mexico City by the Spanish. 1717-9: Travels to San Juan Bautista again, to trade. Is sent to Mexico City again and escapes.

Handbook of Texas Online: St. Denis, Louis Juchereau de Vilhjalmur Stefansson (Canada/USA, 1879-1962) 1906-7: Travels down the Mackenzie, Spends the Winter among the Inuit. 1908-12: With Rudolph Anderson, travels through the Canadian Arctic and lives among the Copper Eskimos. 1913-8: Travels through unknown parts of the Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea. Aurel Stein (UK, 1862-1943) 1900-1: Travels through Central Asia. 1906-8: Leads an archeological expedition in the Takla Makan desert. 1913-5: Leads another expedition to the Takla Makan and surrounding areas. John McDouall Stuart (Scotland, 1815-1866) 1844: Member of the expedition of Sturt to Central Australia. 1858, 1859: Explores South Australia. 1860, 1861: Attempts twice to cross Australia from South to North. 1862: On his third attempt, crosses Australi from South to North. Pacific Island Travel: Pacific Explorers: John McDouall Stuart Robyn Smith: John McDouall Stuart: Explorer The John McDouall Stuart Society Inc.: Biographical Notes The John McDouall Stuart Society Robert Stuart (Scotland/USA, 1785-1848) 1812-3: Brings dispatches back from Oregon to New York for John Jacob Astor. Discovers South Pass. The Astorians Charles Sturt (UK, 1795-1869) 1828-9: Travels to the Macquarie and the region further west. Discovers the Darling. 1829-30: Follows the Murrumbidgee, tehn the Murray, downstream to the latter's mouth. 1844-6: Attempts to reach the center of Australia. Discovers the Simpson Desert. Pacific Island Travel: Pacific Explorers Library: Charles Sturt David Reilly: Charles Sturt Flinders Ranges Research: Captain Charles Sturt Jean-Franois-Marie de Surville 1769-70: Visits New Britain, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Hermann Mckler: Surville, J.-F.-M. de (in German) John Augustus Sutter (Switzerland, 1803-1880) 1839: Buys a large area of ground along the Sacramento River. Builds Fort Sutter. Gardar Svavarsson (Sweden, dates unknown) ca. 860: Blown off course by a storm, discovers Iceland. Irish and Vikings Otto Neumann Sverdrup (Norway, 1854-1930) 1888: Takes part in Nansen's first crossing of Greenland. 1893-6: Captain of the Fram during Nansen's attempt to reach the pole. 1898-1902: Explores the Canadian Arctic.

BODY FACTS
41% of women apply body or hand moisturizer a minimum three times a day. A human's small intestine is 6 meters long. An average women has 17 square feet of skin. When a women is in her ninth month of pregnancy she has 18.5 square feet of skin. Approximately 25% of all scald burns to children are from hot tap water and is associated with more deaths than with any other liquid. By walking an extra 20 minutes every day, an average person will burn off seven pounds of body fat in an year. Dead cells in the body ultimately go to the kidneys for excretion. Every hour one billion cells in the body must be replaced. Every hour one billion cells in the body must be replaced. Every square inch of the human body has about 19,000,000 skin cells. Forty-one percent of women apply body and hand moisturizer at least three times a day. In one day, a human sheds 10 billion skin flakes. This amounts to approximately two kilograms in a year. It is very common for babies in New Zealand to sleep on sheepskins. This is to help them gain weight faster, and retain their body heat. The adult human body requires about 88 pounds of oxygen daily. The aorta, which is largest artery located in the body, is about the diameter of a garden hose. The human body has approximately 37,000 miles of capillaries. The human body is 75% water. The human body makes anywhere from 1 to 3 pints of saliva every 24 hours. The small intestine in the human body is about 2 inches around, and 22 feet long. The width of your armspan stretched out is the length of your whole body. The world record for the number of body piercing on one individual is 702, which is held by Canadian Brent Moffat. There are as many hairs per square inch on your body as a chimpanzee. You don't see all of them because most are too fine and light to be noticed. Heart Facts At one time it was thought that the heart controlled a person's emotions. In 1967, the first successful heart transplant was performed in Cape Town, South Africa. In a lifetime, the heart pumps about one million barrels of blood. Most heart attacks occur between the hours of 8 and 9 AM. Olive oil can help in lowering cholesterol levels and decreasing the risk of heart complications. People that suffer from gum disease are twice as likely to have a stroke or heart attack. Scientists have discovered that the longer the ring finger is in boys the less chance they have of having a heart attack. The first open heart surgery was performed by Dr. Daniel Hall Williams in 1893. The human heart beast roughly 35 million times a year. The human heart beast roughly 35 million times a year. The human heart can create enough pressure that it could squirt blood at a distance of thirty feet. The human heart weighs less than a pound. The right lung of a human is larger than the left one. This is because of the space and placement of the heart. Three years after a person quits smoking, there chance of having a heart attack is the same as someone who has never smoked before. Women hearts beat faster than men. Brain Facts A women from Berlin Germany has had 3,110 gallstones taken out of her gall bladder.

From all the oxygen that a human breathes, twenty percent goes to the brain. In America, the most common mental illness is Anxiety Disorders. It is not possible to tickle yourself. The cerebellum, a part of the brain, warns the rest of the brain that you are about to tickle yourself. Since your brain knows this, it ignores the resulting sensation. Once a human reaches the age of 35, he/she will start losing approximately 7,000 brain cells a day. The cells will never be replaced. People who ride on roller coasters have a higher chance of having a blood clot in the brain. The human brain has about 100,000,000,000 (100 billion) neurons. Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression than men in the United States. Your brain is 80% water. Your brain is move active and thinks more at night than during the day. Bones Facts Adult human bones account for 14% of the body's total weight. Although the outsides of a bone are hard, they are generally light and soft inside. They are about 75% water. Enamel is hardest substance in the human body. Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails! Gardening is said to be one of the best exercises for maintaining healthy bones. Humans are born with 300 bones in their body, however when a person reaches adulthood they only have 206 bones. This occurs because many of them join together to make a single bone. If an identical twin grows up without having a certain tooth, the other twin will most likely also grow up with that tooth missing. In 2000 babies are born with a tooth that is already visible. The chances of getting a cavity is higher if candy is eaten slowly throughout the day compared to eating it all at once and then brushing your teeth. The human face is made up of 14 bones. The only bone fully grown at birth is located in the ear. The smallest bone in the human body is the stapes bone which is located in the ear. The strongest bone in your body is the femur (thighbone), and it's hollow! There are 54 bones in your hands including the wrists. Your thigh bone is stronger than concrete. Blood Facts A woman has approximately 4.5 liters of blood in her body, while men have 5.6 liters. Blood accounts for about 8% of a human's body weight. Blood is such a good stain that Native Americans used it for paint. By donating just one pint of blood, four lives can be saved. Each day 400 gallons of recycled blood are pumped through the kidneys. Half your bodys red blood cells are replaced every seven days. If all the blood vessels in your body were laid end to end, they would reach about 60,000 miles. In the early nineteenth century some advertisements claimed that riding the carousel was good for the circulation of blood. Seven percent of a humans body weight is made up of blood. The average life span of a single red blood cell is 120 days. The kidneys filter over 400 gallons of blood each day. There are approximately 100,000 miles of blood vessels in the human body. Two million red blood cells die every second. Your blood takes a very long trip through your body. If you could stretch out all of a human's blood vessels, they would be about 60,000 miles long. That's enough to go around the world twice. Eyes Facts A human eyeball weighs an ounce.

All babies are colour blind when they are born. Around the pupil is a colored muscle called the "iris." Our eyes may be BLUE, BROWN, GREEN, GRAY OR BLACK, because that is the color of the iris. Babies' eyes do not produce tears until the baby is approximately six to eight weeks old. Blinking helps to wash tears over our eyeballs. That keeps them clean and moist. Also, if something is about to hit our eye, we will blink automatically. If the lens in our eye doesn't work quite right, we can get glasses to help us see. Glasses have lenses in them that work with our eye's own lens to help us see better. In the United States, approximately 25,000 eye injuries occur that result in the person becoming totally blind. Inside our eye, at the back, is a part called the "retina." On the retina are cells called "rods" and "cones." These rods and cones help us to see colors and light. It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. Just behind the pupil is a lens. It is round and flat. It is thicker toward the middle. Men are able to read fine print better than women can. Our body has some natural protection for our eyes. Our eyelashes help to keep dirt out of our eyes. Our eyebrows are made to keep sweat from running into our eyes. Our eyes are very important to us, and we must protect them. We don't want dirt, sand, splinters or even fingers to get in our eyes. We don't want our eyes to get scratched or poked. That could damage our sight! Our eyes have many parts. The black part on the front of our eye is called the "pupil." It is really a little hole that opens into the back part of our eyes. Over the front of our eye is a clear covering called the "conjunctiva." People generally read 25% slower from a computer screen compared to paper. Research has indicated that a tie that is on too tight cam increase the risk of glaucoma in men. Sailors once thought that wearing a gold earring would improve their eyesight. Some people start to sneeze if they are exposed to sunlight or have a light shined into their eye. The conjunctiva is a membrane that covers the human eye. The cornea is the only living tissue in the human body that does not contain any blood vessels. The eye of a human can distinguish 500 shades of the gray. The eyeball of a human weighs approximately 28 grams. The highest recorded speed of a sneeze is 165 km per hour. The most common injury caused by cosmetics is to the eye by a mascara wand. The number one cause of blindness in adults in the United States is diabetes. The reason why your nose gets runny when you are crying is because the tears from the eyes drain into the nose. The shark cornea has been used in eye surgery, since its cornea is similar to a human cornea. The space between your eyebrows is called the Glabella. The study of the iris of the eye is called iridology. The white part of our eye is called the "sclera." At the front, the sclera becomes clear and is called the "cornea." We should never put anything in or near our eyes, unless we have a reason to use eye drops. We would only do that if our doctor or parent told us to use them. Your eyes blinks over 10,000,000 times a year! Mouth Facts In a month, a fingernail grows an eighth of an inch. It takes food seven seconds to go from the mouth to the stomach via the esophagus. People whose mouth has a narrow roof are more likely to snore. This is because they have less oxygen going through their nose. While sleeping, one man in eight snores, and one in ten grinds his teeth. Tongue Facts

85% of the population can curl their tongue into a tube. Close to fifty percent of the bacteria in the mouth lives on the surface of our tongue. There are approximately 9,000 taste buds on the tongue. Your tongue has 3,000 taste buds. Hair Facts A lifespan of an eyelash is approximately 150 days. A Russian man who wore a beard during the time of Peter the Great had to pay a special tax. A survey done by Clairol 10 years ago came up with 46% of men stating that it was okay to color their hair. Now 66% of men admit to coloring their hair. Ancient Egyptians used to think having facial hair was an indication of personal neglect. Brylcreem, which was created in 1929, was the first man's hair product. Everyday approximately 35 meters of hair fiber is produced on the scalp of an adult. Eyebrow hair lasts between 3-5 months before it sheds. Hair and fingernails are made from the same substance, keratin. Hair is made from the same substance as fingernails. Hair will fall out faster on a person that is on a crash diet. Humans have about the same number of hair follicles as a chimpanzee has. In a lifetime, an average man will shave 20,000 times. Next to bone marrow, hair is the fastest growing tissue in the human body. On average redheads have 90,000 hairs. People with black hair have about 110,000 hairs. On average, a hair strand's life span is five and a half years. On average, a man spends about five months of his life shaving. The average human head weighs about eight pounds. The average human scalp has 100,000 hairs. The big toe is the foot reflexology pressure point for the head. The fastest growing tissue in the human body is hair. The first hair dryer was a vacuum cleaner that was used for drying hair. The longest human beard on record is 17.5 feet, held by Hans N. Langseth who was born in Norway in 1846. The loss of eyelashes is referred to as madarosis. The reason why hair turns gray as we age is because the pigment cells in the hair follicle start to die, which is responsible for producing "melanin" which gives the hair colour. The reason why some people get a cowlick is because the growth of their hair is in a spiral pattern, which causes the hair to either stand straight up, or goes to a certain angle. Diseases Facts 3000 children die every day in Africa because of malaria. A headache and inflammatory pain can be reduced by eating 20 tart cherries. A person afflicted with hexadectylism has six fingers or six toes on one or both hands and feet. A person infected with the SARS virus, has a 95-98% chance of recovery. A person that is struck by lightning has a greater chance of developing motor neurons disease. A person who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day will on average lose two teeth every ten years. A popular superstition is that if you put a piece of bread in a baby's crib, it will keep away diseases. A study indicates that smokers are likely to die on average six and a half years earlier than nonsmokers. Asthma affects one in fifteen children under the age of eighteen. Carbon monoxide can kill a person in less than 15 minutes. Chances of a women getting breast cancer are increased by excessive use of alcohol. Coughing can cause air to move through your windpipe faster than the speed of sound over a thousand feet per second! Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S., accounting for about 180,000 deaths per year.

Due to eating habits in the USA, one in three children born in the year 2000 have a chance of getting type II diabetes. Each year in America there are about 300,000 deaths that can be attributed to obesity. Even if you eat food standing on your head, the food will still end up in your stomach. Every day the human stomach produces about 2 liters of hydrochloric acid. Every eleven minutes in the U.S., a woman dies of breast cancer. Every three days a human stomach gets a new lining. Every three minutes a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. Every year in the U.S., there are 178,000 new cases of lung cancer. Fourteen people die each day from asthma in the United States. In a year, there are 60,000 trampoline injuries that occur in the U.S. In ancient Egypt, doctors used jolts from the electric catfish to reduce the pain of arthritis. In the United States, poisoning is the fourth leading cause of death among children. Influenza caused over twenty-one million deaths in 1918. It has been medically been proven that laughter is an effective pain killer. It takes about three hours for food to be broken down in the human stomach. Lack of sleep can affect your immune system and reduce your ability to fight infections. Lady Peseshet is known to be the world's first known female physician. She practiced during the time of the pyramids, which was the fourth dynasty. Many cancer patients that are treated with chemotherapy lose their hair. For some when the hair grows back, it can grow back a different colour, or be curly or straight. Native Americans used to use pumpkin seeds for medicine. Nearly half of all Americans suffer from symptoms of burnout.In humans, the epidermal layer of skin, which consists of many layers of skin regenerates every 27 days. On average, 90% of the people that have the disease Lupus are female. Over 40 million Americans have chronic bad breath. Over 436,000 U.S. Troops were exposed to depleted uranium during the first Gulf war. Over 90% of diseases are caused or complicated by stress. People that use mobile phones are 2.5 time more likely to develop cancer in areas of the brain that are adjacent to the ear they use to talk on the mobile phone. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a disease caused by ticks. Soldiers disease is a term for morphine addiction. The Civil War produced over 400,000 morphine addicts. Studies indicate that epileptic patients that listen to Mozart's Piano Sonata can dramatically decrease their chance of a seizure. Studies indicate that listening to music is good for digestion. Studies indicate that weightlifters working out in blue gyms can handle heavier weights. Teenage cosmetic surgeries nearly doubled in the USA between 1996 and 1998. Teenage suicide is the second cause of death in the state of Wisconsin. The DNA of humans is closer to a rat than a cat. The first owner of the Marlboro Company, Wayne McLaren, died of lung cancer. The flu pandemic of 1918 killed over 20 million people. The incidents of immune system diseases has increased over 200% in the last five years. The lining of the a person's stomach is replaced every 36 hours. The number one cause of rabies in the United States are bats. The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy. The purpose of tonsils is to destroy foreign substances that are swallowed or breathed in. The risk of cardiovascular disease is twice as high in women that snore regularly compared to women who do not snore. The smoke that is produced by a fire kills more people than a burn does because of carbon monoxide and other dangerous gases. The stomach can break down goat's milk faster than the milk of a cow. The stomach of an adult can hold 1.5 liters of material.

Pregnancy Facts A pregnant woman's dental health can affect her unborn child. Changing a cat's litter box can be dangerous to pregnant women, as cat feces sometimes carry a parasite that can cause harm to the developing baby. During pregnancy, the average woman's uterus expands up to five hundred times its normal size. Every day, over 1,300 babies are born prematurely in the USA. May babies are on avearge 200 grams heavier than babies born in other months. Some people drink the urine of pregnant women to build up their immune system. Studies show that couples that smoke during the time of conception have a higher chance of having a girl compared to couples that do not smoke. The first known contraceptive was crocodile dung, used by Egyptians in 2000 B.C. The world's first test tube twins are Stephen and Amanda Mays born June 5, 1981. When a women is pregnant, her senses are all heightened. Sex Facts A kiss for one minute can burn 26. According to psychologists, the shoe and the foot are the most common sources of sexual fetishism in Western society. An adult esophagus can range from 10 to 14 inches in length and is one inch in diameter. During the female orgasm, endorphines are released, which are powerful painkillers. So headaches are in fact a bad excuse not to have sex. During World War II, condoms were used to cover rifle barrels from being damaged by salt water as the soldiers swam to shore. Impotence is grounds for divorce in 26 U.S. states. In one day, adult lungs move about 10,000 liters of air. Infants spend more time dreaming than adults do. Kissing can aid in reducing tooth decay. This is because the extra saliva helps in keeping the mouth clean. Men sweat more than women. This is because women can better regulate the amount of water they lose. Sex burns about 70-120 calories for a 130 pound woman, and 77 to 155 calories for a 170 pound man every hour. The average adult has approximately six pounds of skin. The average amount of time spent kissing for a person in a lifetime is 20,160 minutes. The condom made originally of linen was invented in the early 1500's. Casanova, the womanizer, used linen condoms. The sperm count of an average American male compared to thirty years ago is down thirty percent. There are approximately 100 million acts of sexual intercourse each day. There are approximately 45 billion fat cells in an average adult. Other Human Body Facts A ear trumpet was used before the hearing aid was invented by people who had difficulty hearing. A man named Charles Osborne had the hiccups for approximately sixty-nine years. A yawn usually lasts for approximately six seconds. About 10% of the world's population is left-handed. About twenty-five percent of the population sneeze when they are exposed to light. Air is passed through the nose at a speed of 100 miles per hour when a person sneezes. Bile produced by the liver is responsible for making your feces a brownish, green colour. By the time you are 70 you will have easily drunk over 12,000 gallons of water. Children grow faster in the springtime than any other season during the year. Children who are breast fed tend to have an IQ seven points higher than children who are not.

Constipation is caused when too much water is absorbed in the large intestine and poops become dry. Eating chocolate three times a month helps people live longer as opposed to people who overeat chocolate or do not eat chocolate at all. Eighty percent of 10 year old girls in the USA go on a diet. Every day, the average person swallows about a quart of snot. Fat is important for the development of children and normal growth. Flu shots only work about 70% of the time. From the age of thirty, humans gradually begin to shrink in size. Gases that build up in your large intestine cause flatulence. It usually takes about 30 to 45 minutes for these gases to pass through your system. Girls have more tastebud than boys. Humans breathe in and out approximately one litre of air in ten seconds. In 1832, in Paisley, Scotland the first municipal water filtration works was opened. In a lifetime, an average driver will release approximately 912 pints of wind inside a car. In a lifetime, an average human produces 10,000 gallons of saliva. In Canada, men are three times more likely than women to have seen a doctor in the last year. In the United States, 8.5 million cosmetic surgical and non-surgical procedures were done in the year 2001. Ironically, when doctors in Los Angeles, California went on strike in 1976, the daily number of deaths in the city dropped 18%. It takes more muscles to frown than it does to smile. Left-handed people are better at sports that require good spatial judgment and fast reaction, compared to right-handed individuals. Manicuring the nails has been done by people for more than 4,000 years. Medical reports show that about 18% of the population are prone to sleepwalking. Medical research has found substances in mistletoe that can slow down tumor growth. Men in their early twenties shave an average of four times a week. Mummy powder was once thought to be a cure for all remedies. English men used to carry the powder with them in a tiny bag wherever they went. Nerve cells can travel as fast as 120 meters per second. Nerve impulses for muscle position travel at a speed of up to 390 feet per second. On average 1,668 gallons of water are used by each person in the United States daily. On average a person passes gas 14 times a day. On average, a person has two million sweat glands. On average, Americans spend 33% of their life sleeping. On average, falling asleep while driving results in 550 accidents per day in the United States. One average, men spend 60 hours a year shaving. One out of 20 people have an extra rib. One ragweed plant can release as many as a million grains of pollen in one day. Only one out of every three people wash their hands when leaving a public bathroom. Over 600,000 people died as a result of the Spanish influenza epidemic. People have the tendency to chew the food on the side that they most often use their hand. People of Ancient China believed that swinging your arms could cure a headache. People over the age of fifty will start to lose their dislike for foods that taste bitter. People still cut the cheese shortly after death. People that smoke have 10 times as many wrinkles as a person that does not smoke. People who meet their calcium need reduce their risk of developing kidney stones. People with allergies can lower allergy reactions by laughing. People with darker skin will not wrinkle as fast as people with lighter skin. Research has indicated that approximately eleven minutes are cut off the life of an average male smoker from each cigarette smoked. Scientists have determined that having guilty feelings may actually damage your immune system

Scientists say that babies that are breastfed are more likely to be slimmer as adults than those that are not breastfed. Soaking beans for twelve hours in water before they are cooked can reduce flatulence caused by beans. Some brands of toothpaste contain glycerin or glycerol, which is also an ingredient in antifreeze. Studies have shown that the scent of Rosemary can help in better mental performance and make individuals feel more alert. The average human dream lasts only 2 to 3 seconds. The average person falls asleep in about 12 to 14 minutes. The average person has at least seven dreams a night. The average person laughs about 15 times a day. The average person spends two weeks of their life kissing. The average person walks the equivalent of twice around the world in a lifetime. The average weight of a newborn baby is 7 lbs. 6 oz. For a triplet baby it is 3 lbs. 12 oz. The Dutch people are known to be the tallest people in Europe. The Gastric Flu can cause projectile vomiting. The vocabulary of the average person consists of 5,000 to 6,000 words. There are 10 million bacteria at the place where you rest your hands at a desk. There are 400 species of bacteria in the human colon. There are 50% more males that are left handed compared to females. There are approximately 60 muscles in the face. There are approximately one hundred million people in the United States that have a chronic illness.

LIST OF THEOREMS
09 * 15 and 290 theorems (number theory) * 2p theorem (Riemannian geometry) A * AF+BG theorem (algebraic geometry) * ATS theorem (number theory) * Abel's binomial theorem (combinatorics) * Abel's curve theorem (mathematical analysis) * Abel's theorem (mathematical analysis) * Abelian and tauberian theorems (mathematical analysis) * AbelJacobi theorem (algebraic geometry) * AbelRuffini theorem (theory of equations, Galois theory) * AbhyankarMoh theorem (algebraic geometry) * Abouabdillah's theorem (geometry,number theory) * Absolute convergence theorem (mathematical series) * Acyclic models theorem (algebraic topology) * Addition theorem (algebraic geometry) * Adiabatic theorem (physics) * Ado's theorem (Lie algebra) * Ahiezer's theorem (complex analysis) * AkraBazzi theorem (computer science) * AlbertBrauerHasseNoether theorem (algebras) * AlchianAllen theorem (economics)

* AlperinBrauerGorenstein theorem (finite groups) * AmitsurLevitzki theorem (linear algebra) * Analytic Fredholm theorem (functional analysis) * Anderson's theorem (real analysis) * AndreottiFrankel theorem (algebraic geometry) * Angle bisector theorem (Euclidean geometry) * AnkenyArtinChowla theorem (number theory) * Apry's theorem (number theory) * Apollonius' theorem (plane geometry) * AppellHumbert theorem (complex manifold) * Area theorem (conformal mapping) (complex analysis) * Arithmetic RiemannRoch theorem (algebraic geometry) * AronszajnSmith theorem (functional analysis) * Arrival theorem (queueing theory) * Arrow's impossibility theorem (game theory) * Art gallery theorem (geometry) * Artin approximation theorem (commutative algebra) * ArtinSchreier theorem (real closed fields) * ArtinWedderburn theorem (abstract algebra) * ArtinZorn theorem (algebra) * Artstein's theorem (control theory) * ArzelAscoli theorem (functional analysis) * AtiyahBott fixed-point theorem (differential topology) * AtiyahSegal completion theorem (homotopy theory) * AtiyahSinger index theorem (elliptic differential operators, harmonic analysis) * Atkinson's theorem (operator theory) * Aumann's agreement theorem (statistics) * Autonomous convergence theorem (dynamical systems) * Auxiliary polynomial theorem (diophantine approximation) * AxGrothendieck theorem (model theory) * AxKochen theorem (number theory) * Aztec diamond theorem (combinatorics) B * BEST theorem (graph theory) * BabukaLaxMilgram theorem (partial differential equations) * BailyBorel theorem (algebraic geometry) * Baire category theorem (topology, metric spaces) * BalianLow theorem (Fourier analysis) * Balinski's theorem (combinatorics) * BanachAlaoglu theorem (functional analysis) * BanachMazur theorem (functional analysis) * Banach fixed point theorem (metric spaces, differential equations) * BanachSteinhaus theorem (functional analysis) * BanachStone theorem (operator theory) * Bang's theorem (geometry) * Barbier's theorem (geometry) * BapatBeg theorem (statistics) * Baranyai's theorem (combinatorics) * Barta's theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Barwise compactness theorem (mathematical logic) * Bass's theorem (group theory)

* Basu's theorem (statistics) * BauerFike theorem (spectral theory) * Bayes' theorem (probability) * Beatty's theorem (diophantine approximation) * BeauvilleLaszlo theorem (vector bundles) * Beck's monadicity theorem (category theory) * Beck's theorem (incidence geometry) * BeckmanQuarles theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Beer's theorem (metric geometry) * BehnkeStein theorem (several complex variables) * Bell's theorem (quantum theory physics) * Beltrami's theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Belyi's theorem (algebraic curves) * BendixsonDulac theorem (dynamical systems) * BergerKazdan comparison theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Bernstein's theorem (functional analysis) * BerryEssen theorem (probability theory) * Bertini's theorem (algebraic geometry) * BertrandDiquetPuiseux theorem (differential geometry) * Bertrand's ballot theorem (probability theory, combinatorics) * Bertrand's postulate (prime numbers) * Besicovitch covering theorem (mathematical analysis) * Betti's theorem (physics) * BeurlingLax theorem (Hardy spaces) * Bzout's theorem (algebraic curves) * Bing metrization theorem (general topology) * Bing's recognition theorem (geometric topology) * Binomial inverse theorem (matrix theory) * Binomial theorem (algebra, combinatorics) * Birch's theorem (Diophantine equation) * BirkhoffGrothendieck theorem (vector bundles) * BirkhoffVon Neumann theorem (matrix theory) * Birkhoff's representation theorem (lattice theory) * Birkhoff's theorem (ergodic theory) * Birkhoff's theorem (relativity) (physics) * BishopCannings theorem (economics) * Blaschke selection theorem (geometric topology) * Bloch's theorem (complex analysis) * Blondel's theorem (electric power) (physics) * Blum's speedup theorem (computational complexity theory) * Bcher's theorem (complex analysis) * BogoliubovParasyuk theorem (physics) * BohrMollerup theorem (gamma function) * Bohrvan Leeuwen theorem (physics) * BolyaiGerwien theorem (discrete geometry) * Bolzano's theorem (real analysis, calculus) * BolzanoWeierstrass theorem (real analysis, calculus) * Bombieri's theorem (number theory) * BombieriFriedlanderIwaniec theorem (number theory) * BondarevaShapley theorem (economics) * Bondy's theorem (graph theory, combinatorics) * BondyChvtal theorem (graph theory) * Bonnet theorem (differential geometry)

* Boolean prime ideal theorem (mathematical logic) * BorelBottWeil theorem (representation theory) * BorelCarathodory theorem (complex analysis) * BorelWeil theorem (representation theory) * Borel determinacy theorem (set theory) * Borel fixed-point theorem (algebraic geometry) * BorsukUlam theorem (topology) * Bott periodicity theorem (homotopy theory) * Bounded convergence theorem (measure theory) * Bounded inverse theorem (operator theory) * BourbakiWitt theorem (order theory) * Brahmagupta theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Branching theorem (complex manifold) * BrauerNesbitt theorem (representation theory of finite groups) * BrauerSiegel theorem (number theory) * BrauerSuzuki theorem (finite groups) * Brauer's theorem (number theory) * Brauer's theorem on induced characters (representation theory of finite groups) * Brauer's three main theorems (finite groups) * BrauerCartanHua theorem (ring theory) * Brianchon's theorem (conics) * British flag theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Brooks theorem (graph theory) * Brouwer fixed point theorem (topology) * BrowderMinty theorem (operator theory) * Brown's representability theorem (homotopy theory) * BruckChowlaRyser theorem (combinatorics) * Brun's theorem (number theory) * BrunTitchmarsh theorem (number theory) * BrunnMinkowski theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Buckingham p theorem (dimensional analysis) * Burke's theorem (probability theory) (queueing theory) * Burnside theorem (group theory) * Busemann's theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Butterfly theorem (Euclidean geometry) C * CPCTC (triangle geometry) * CameronMartin theorem (measure theory) * CantorBernsteinSchroeder theorem (Set theory, cardinal numbers) * Cantor's intersection theorem (real analysis) * Cantor's theorem (Set theory, Cantor's diagonal argument) * CarathodoryJacobiLie theorem (symplectic topology) * Carathodory's existence theorem (ordinary differential equations) * Carathodory's theorem (conformal mapping) * Carathodory's theorem (convex hull) * Carathodory's theorem (measure theory) * Carathodory's extension theorem (measure theory) * Caristi fixed point theorem (fixed points) * Carlson's theorem (Complex analysis) * Carmichael's theorem (Fibonacci numbers) * Carnot's theorem (geometry)

* Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) * CartanDieudonn theorem (group theory) * CartanHadamard theorem (Riemannian geometry) * CartanKhler theorem (partial differential equations) * CartanKuranishi prolongation theorem (partial differential equations) * Cartan's theorem (Lie group) * Cartan's theorems A and B (several complex variables) * Casey's theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Castelnuovo theorem (algebraic geometry) * Castelnuovode Franchis theorem (algebraic geometry) * Castigliano's first and second theorems (structural analysis) * Cauchy integral theorem (Complex analysis) * CauchyHadamard theorem (Complex analysis) * CauchyKowalevski theorem (partial differential equations) * Cauchy's theorem (geometry) * Cauchy's theorem (finite groups) * CayleyBacharach theorem (projective geometry) * CayleyHamilton theorem (Linear algebra) * Cayley-Salmon theorem (algebraic surfaces) * Cayley's theorem (group theory) * Central limit theorem (probability) * Cesro's theorem (real analysis) * Ceva's theorem (geometry) * Chasles' theorems * Chebotarev's density theorem (number theory) * Chen's theorem (number theory) * Cheng's eigenvalue comparison theorem (Riemannian geometry) * ChernGaussBonnet theorem (differential geometry) * ChevalleyShephardTodd theorem (finite group) * ChevalleyWarning theorem (field theory) * Chinese remainder theorem (number theory) * Choi's theorem on completely positive maps (operator theory) * ChomskySchtzenberger theorem (formal language theory) * ChoquetBishopde Leeuw theorem (functional analysis) * Chow's theorem (algebraic geometry) * Chowla-Mordell theorem (number theory) * Church-Rosser theorem (lambda calculus) * Clairaut's theorem (physics) * Clapeyron's theorem (physics) * Clark-Ocone theorem (stochastic processes) * Classification of finite simple groups (group theory) * Clausius theorem (physics) * Clifford's circle theorems (circles) * Clifford's theorem on special divisors (algebraic curves) * Closed graph theorem (functional analysis) * Closed range theorem (functional analysis) * Cluster decomposition theorem (quantum field theory) * Coase theorem (economics) * Cochran's theorem (statistics) * Codd's theorem (relational model) * Cohn's irreducibility criterion (polynomials) * Coleman-Mandula theorem (quantum field theory) * Commutation theorem (von Neumann algebra)

* Compactness theorem (mathematical logic) * Compression theorem (computational complexity theory) (structural complexity theory) * Conservativity theorem (mathematical logic) * Constant rank theorem (multivariate calculus) * Continuous mapping theorem (probability theory) * Convolution theorem (Fourier transforms) * Cook's theorem (computational complexity theory) * Corners theorem (arithmetic combinatorics) * Corona theorem (Complex analysis) * Cox's theorem (probability foundations) * Craig's theorem (mathematical logic) * Craig's interpolation theorem (mathematical logic) * Cramr's theorem (statistics) * CramrWold theorem (measure theory) * Critical line theorem (number theory) * Crooks fluctuation theorem (physics) * Crossbar theorem (Euclidean plane geometry) * Crystallographic restriction theorem (group theory, crystallography) * CurtisHedlundLyndon theorem (cellular automata) * Cut-elimination theorem (proof theory) * Cybenko theorem (neural networks) D * Dandelin's theorem (solid geometry) * Danskin's theorem (convex analysis) * Darboux's theorem (real analysis) * Darboux's theorem (symplectic topology) * DavenportSchmidt theorem (number theory, Diophantine approximations) * DawsonGrtner theorem (asymptotic analysis) * De Branges' theorem (complex analysis) * de Bruijn's theorem (discrete geometry) * De BruijnErdos theorem (incidence geometry) * De BruijnErdos theorem (graph theory) * De Finetti's theorem (probability) * De Franchis theorem (Riemann surfaces) * De Gua's theorem (geometry) * De Moivre's theorem (complex analysis) * De Rham's theorem (differential topology) * Deduction theorem (logic) * Denjoy theorem (dynamical systems) * DenjoyCarleman theorem (functional analysis) * Desargues' theorem (projective geometry) * Descartes' theorem (plane geometry) * Descartes' theorem on total angular defect (polyhedra) * Dilworth's theorem (combinatorics, order theory) * Dimension theorem for vector spaces (vector spaces, linear algebra) * Dini's theorem (analysis) * Dirac's theorems (graph theory) * Dirichlet's approximation theorem (Diophantine approximations) * Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions (number theory) * Dirichlet's unit theorem (algebraic number theory) * Disintegration theorem (measure theory)

* Divergence theorem (vector calculus) * Dominated convergence theorem (Lebesgue integration) * Donaldson's theorem (differential topology) * Donsker's theorem (probability theory) * Doob decomposition theorem (stochastic processes) * Doob's martingale convergence theorems (stochastic processes) * DoobMeyer decomposition theorem (stochastic processes) * Dudley's theorem (probability) * DugganSchwartz theorem (voting theory) * DunfordPettis theorem (probability theory) * Dunford-Schwartz theorem (functional analysis) E * Earnshaw's theorem (electrostatics) * Easton's theorem (set theory) * Eberleinmulian theorem (functional analysis) * Edge-of-the-wedge theorem (complex analysis) * Edgeworth's limit theorem (economics) * Egorov's theorem (measure theory) * Ehresmann's theorem (differential topology) * EilenbergZilber theorem (algebraic topology) * Elitzur's theorem (physics) * Envelope theorem (calculus of variations) * Equal incircles theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Equidistribution theorem (ergodic theory) * Equipartition theorem (ergodic theory) * ErdosAnning theorem (discrete geometry) * ErdosDushnikMiller theorem (set theory) * ErdosGallai theorem (graph theory) * ErdosGinzburgZiv theorem (number theory) * ErdosKac theorem (number theory) * ErdosKoRado theorem (combinatorics) * ErdosNagy theorem (discrete geometry) * ErdosPsa theorem (graph theory) * ErdosRado theorem (set theory) * ErdosStone theorem (graph theory) * Euclid's theorem (number theory) * EuclidEuler theorem (number theory) * Euler's polyhedron theorem (polyhedra) * Euler's rotation theorem (geometry) * Euler's theorem (differential geometry) * Euler's theorem (number theory) * Euler's theorem in geometry (triangle geometry) * Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions (multivariate calculus) * Exchange theorem (linear algebra) * Excision theorem (homology theory) * Exterior angle theorem (triangle geometry) * Extreme value theorem F * F. and M. Riesz theorem (measure theory)

* FWL theorem (economics) * Faltings' theorem (diophantine geometry) * Fry's theorem (graph theory) * FaryMilnor theorem (knot theory) * Fatou's theorem (complex analysis) * FatouLebesgue theorem (real analysis) * FaustmanOhlin theorem (economics) * FeitThompson theorem (finite groups) * Fenchel's duality theorem (convex analysis) * Fenchel's theorem (differential geometry) * Fermat's Last Theorem (number theory) * Fermat's little theorem (number theory) * Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares (number theory) * Fermat's theorem (stationary points) (real analysis) * Fermat polygonal number theorem (number theory) * Fernique's theorem (measure theory) * Fieller's theorem (statistics) * Final value theorem (mathematical analysis) * Fisher separation theorem (economics) * FisherTippettGnedenko theorem (statistics) * Fitting's theorem (group theory) * Five circles theorem (circles) * Five color theorem (graph theory) * Fixed point theorems in infinite-dimensional spaces * Floquet's theorem (differential equations) * Fluctuation dissipation theorem (physics) * Fluctuation theorem (statistical mechanics) * Ford's theorem (number theory) * Focal subgroup theorem (abstract algebra) * Foster's theorem (statistics) * Four color theorem (graph theory) * Four-vertex theorem (differential geometry) * Fourier inversion theorem (harmonic analysis) * Fourier theorem (harmonic analysis) * FranelLandau theorem (number theory) * FrankovHelly selection theorem (mathematical analysis) * Fredholm's theorem (Linear algebra) * FreidlinWentzell theorem (stochastic processes) * Freiman's theorem (number theory) * Freudenthal suspension theorem (homotopy theory) * Freyd's adjoint functor theorem (category theory) * Frobenius determinant theorem (group theory) * Frobenius reciprocity theorem (group representations) * Frobenius theorem (foliations) * Frobenius theorem (abstract algebras) * Froda's theorem (mathematical analysis) * Frucht's theorem (graph theory) * Fubini's theorem (integration) * Fubini's theorem on differentiation (real analysis) * Fuchs's theorem (differential equations) * Fuglede's theorem (functional analysis) * Full employment theorem (theoretical computer science) * FultonHansen connectedness theorem (algebraic geometry)

* Fundamental theorem of algebra (complex analysis) * Fundamental theorem of arbitrage-free pricing (financial mathematics) * Fundamental theorem of arithmetic (number theory) * Fundamental theorem of calculus (calculus) * Fundamental theorem on homomorphisms (abstract algebra) G * Galvin's theorem (combinatorics) * Gauss theorem (vector calculus) * Gauss's Theorema Egregium (differential geometry) * GaussBonnet theorem (differential geometry) * GaussLucas theorem (complex analysis) * GaussMarkov theorem (statistics) * GaussWantzel theorem (geometry) * GelfandMazur theorem (Banach algebra) * GelfandNaimark theorem (functional analysis) * GelfondSchneider theorem (transcendence theory) * Gershgorin circle theorem (matrix theory) * GibbardSatterthwaite theorem (voting methods) * Girsanov's theorem (stochastic processes) * Glaisher's theorem (number theory) * Gleason's theorem (Hilbert space) * Glivenko's theorem (mathematical logic) * GlivenkoCantelli theorem (probability) * GoddardThorn theorem (vertex algebras) * Gdel's completeness theorem (mathematical logic) * Gdel's incompleteness theorem (mathematical logic) * Godunov's theorem (numerical analysis) * Going-up and going-down theorems (commutative algebra) * GoldbergSachs theorem (physics) * Goldie's theorem (ring theory) * Goldstine theorem (functional analysis) * Goldstone theorem (physics) * GolodShafarevich theorem (group theory) * Gomory's theorem (mathematical logic) * Goodstein's theorem (mathematical logic) * GordonNewell theorem (queueing theory) * GottesmanKnill theorem (quantum computation) * Gradient theorem (vector calculus) * Graph structure theorem (graph theory) * GrauertRiemenschneider vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry) * Great orthogonality theorem (group theory) * GreenTao theorem (number theory) * Green's theorem (vector calculus) * Grinberg's theorem (graph theory) * Gromov's compactness theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Gromov's compactness theorem (Symplectic topology) * Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth (geometric group theory) * GromovRuh theorem (differential geometry) * GrossZagier theorem (number theory) * GrothendieckHirzebruchRiemannRoch theorem (algebraic geometry) * Grothendieck's connectedness theorem (algebraic geometry)

* Grtzsch's theorem (graph theory) * GrunwaldWang theorem (algebraic number theory) * Grushko theorem (group theory) H * H-cobordism theorem (differential topology) * H-theorem (thermodynamics) * Haag's theorem (quantum field theory) * HaagLopuszanskiSohnius theorem (physics) * Haboush's theorem (algebraic groups, representation theory, invariant theory) * Hadamard three-circle theorem (complex analysis) * Hadamard three-lines theorem (complex analysis) * Hadwiger's theorem (geometry, measure theory) * Hahn decomposition theorem (measure theory) * Hahn embedding theorem (ordered groups) * Hairy ball theorem (algebraic topology) * HahnBanach theorem (functional analysis) * HahnKolmogorov theorem (measure theory) * HahnMazurkiewicz theorem (continuum theory) * HajnalSzemerdi theorem (graph theory) * HalesJewett theorem (combinatorics) * HalpernLauchli theorem (Ramsey theory) * Ham sandwich theorem (topology) * HammersleyClifford theorem (probability) * Hardy's theorem (complex analysis) * HardyLittlewood maximal theorem (real analysis) * HardyLittlewood tauberian theorem (mathematical analysis) * HardyRamanujan theorem (number theory) * Harish-Chandra theorem (representation theory) * Harish-Chandra's regularity theorem (representation theory) * Harnack's curve theorem (real algebraic geometry) * Harnack's theorem (complex analysis) * Hartman-Grobman theorem (dynamical systems) * HartogsRosenthal theorem (complex analysis) * Hartogs' theorem (complex analysis) * Hartogs' extension theorem (several complex variables) * Hasse norm theorem (number theory) * Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves (number theory) * HasseArf theorem (local class field theory) * HasseMinkowski theorem (number theory) * Heckscher-Ohlin theorem (economics) * Heine-Borel theorem (real analysis) * HeineCantor theorem (metric geometry) * HellingerToeplitz theorem (functional analysis) * HellmannFeynman theorem (physics) * HellyBray theorem (probability theory) * Helly's selection theorem (mathematical analysis) * Helly's theorem (convex sets) * Helmholtz theorem (classical mechanics) (physics) * Helmholtz's theorems (physics) * Herbrand's theorem (logic) * HerbrandRibet theorem (cyclotomic fields)

* Higman's embedding theorem (group theory) * Hilbert's basis theorem (commutative algebra,invariant theory) * Hilbert's Nullstellensatz (theorem of zeroes) (commutative algebra, algebraic geometry) * Hilbert-Schmidt theorem (functional analysis) * Hilbert-Speiser theorem (cyclotomic fields) * HilbertWaring theorem (number theory) * Hilbert's irreducibility theorem (number theory) * Hilbert's syzygy theorem (commutative algebra) * Hilbert's theorem (differential geometry) * Hilbert's theorem 90 (number theory) * Hilbert projection theorem (convex analysis) * HilleYosida theorem (functional analysis) * Hindman's theorem (Ramsey theory) * Hinge theorem (geometry) * Hironaka theorem (algebraic geometry) * Hirzebruch signature theorem (topology, algebraic geometry) * HirzebruchRiemannRoch theorem (complex manifolds) * Hjelmslev's theorem (geometry) * HobbyRice theorem (mathematical analysis) * Hodge index theorem (algebraic surfaces) * Hlder's theorem (mathematical analysis) * Holditch's theorem (plane geometry) * Holland's schema theorem (genetic algorithm) * Holmstrm's theorem (economics) * Hopf-Rinow theorem (differential geometry) * Hurewicz theorem (algebraic topology) * Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem (algebraic curves) * Hurwitz's theorem (complex analysis) * Hurwitz's theorem (normed division algebras) * Hurwitz's theorem (number theory) I * Identity theorem (complex analysis) * Identity theorem for Riemann surfaces (Riemann surfaces) * ImmermanSzelepcsnyi theorem (Computational complexity theory) * Implicit function theorem (vector calculus) * Increment theorem (mathematical analysis) * Infinite monkey theorem (probability) * Integral root theorem (algebra, polynomials) * Initial value theorem (integral transform) * Integral representation theorem for classical Wiener space (measure theory) * Intermediate value theorem (calculus) * Intercept theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Intersection theorem (projective geometry) * Inverse eigenvalues theorem (Linear algebra) * Inverse function theorem (vector calculus) * Isomorphism extension theorem (abstract algebra) * Isomorphism theorem (abstract algebra) * Isoperimetric theorem (curves, calculus of variations) J

* Jackson's theorem (queueing theory) * Jacobi's four-square theorem (number theory) * Jacobson density theorem (ring theory) * JacobsonMorozov theorem (Lie algebra) * Japanese theorem for concyclic polygons (Euclidean geometry) * Japanese theorem for concyclic quadrilaterals (Euclidean geometry) * Johns theorem (geometry) * Jordan curve theorem (topology) * JordanHlder theorem (group theory) * JordanSchnflies theorem (geometric topology) * JordanSchur theorem (group theory) * Jordan's theorem (multiply transitive groups) (group theory) * Jung's theorem (geometry) * JurkatRichert theorem (analytic number theory) K * Kachurovskii's theorem (convex analysis) * KanamoriMcAloon theorem (mathematical logic) * Kantorovich theorem (functional analysis) * Kaplansky density theorem (von Neumann algebra) * Kaplansky's theorem on quadratic forms (quadratic forms) * KarhunenLove theorem (stochastic processes) * KarpLipton theorem (computational complexity theory) * KawamataViehweg vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry) * Kawasaki's theorem (paper folding) * Kelvin's circulation theorem (physics) * Kharitonov's theorem (control theory) * Khinchin's theorem[disambiguation needed ] (probability) * KirbyParis theorem (proof theory) * Kirchhoff's theorem (graph theory) * Kirszbraun theorem (Lipschitz continuity) * Kleene's recursion theorem (recursion theory) * Kleene fixed-point theorem (order theory) * KnasterTarski theorem (order theory) * Kneser theorem (differential equations) * KochenSpecker theorem (physics) * Kodaira embedding theorem (algebraic geometry) * Kodaira vanishing theorem (complex manifold) * Koebe 1/4 theorem (complex analysis) * KolmogorovArnoldMoser theorem (dynamical systems) * Kolmogorov extension theorem (stochastic processes) * Kolmogorov's three-series theorem (mathematical series) * Komura's theorem (measure theory) * Knig's theorem (mathematical logic) * Knig's theorem (graph theory) (bipartite graphs) * Knig's theorem (kinetics) (physics) * Knig's theorem (set theory) (cardinal numbers) * KvariSsTurn theorem (graph theory) * KraftMcMillan theorem (coding theory) * Kramers theorem (physics) * KreinMilman theorem (mathematical analysis, discrete geometry) * Krener's theorem (control theory)

* Kronecker's theorem (diophantine approximation) * KroneckerWeber theorem (number theory) * Krull's principal ideal theorem (commutative algebra) * KrullSchmidt theorem (group theory) * KruskalKatona theorem (combinatorics) * Kruskal's tree theorem (order theory) * KrylovBogolyubov theorem (dynamical systems) * Kuiper's theorem (operator theory, topology) * Knneth theorem (algebraic topology) * Kurosh subgroup theorem (group theory) * KuttaJoukowski theorem (physics) L * L-balance theorem (finite groups) * Labelled enumeration theorem (combinatorics) * Ladner's theorem (computational complexity theory) * Lagrange's theorem (group theory) * Lagrange's theorem (number theory) * Lagrange's four-square theorem (number theory) * Lagrange inversion theorem (mathematical analysis, combinatorics) * Lagrange reversion theorem (mathematical analysis, combinatorics) * LambekMoser theorem (combinatorics) * Lami's theorem (statics) * Landau prime ideal theorem (number theory) * Larmor's theorem (physics) * LaskerNoether theorem (commutative algebra) * Lattice theorem (abstract algebra) * Laurent expansion theorem (complex analysis) * Lauricella's theorem (functional analysis) * LaxMilgram theorem (partial differential equations) * LaxRichtmyer theorem (numerical analysis) * LaxWendroff theorem (numerical analysis) * Lebesgue covering dimension (dimension theory) * Lebesgue's decomposition theorem (dimension theory) * Lebesgue's density theorem (dimension theory) * Lee Hwa Chung theorem (symplectic topology) * Lebesgue differentiation theorem (real analysis) * Le Cam's theorem (probability theory) * LeeYang theorem (statistical mechanics) * Lefschetz fixed-point theorem (fixed points, algebraic topology) * LefschetzHopf theorem (topology) * Lefschetz hyperplane theorem (algebraic topology) * Lefschetz theorem on (1,1)-classes (algebraic geometry) * LehmannScheff theorem (statistics) * Leray's theorem (algebraic geometry) * LerayHirsch theorem (algebraic topology) * Lerner symmetry theorem (economics) * Lester's theorem (Euclidean plane geometry) * Levi's theorem (Lie groups) * Levitzky's theorem (ring theory) * Lvy continuity theorem (probability) * Lvy's modulus of continuity theorem (probability)

* Lickorish twist theorem (geometric topology) * LickorishWallace theorem (3-manifolds) * Lie's third theorem (Lie algebra) * LindemannWeierstrass theorem (transcendence theory) * LieKolchin theorem (algebraic groups, representation theory) * Linard's theorem (dynamical systems) * Lindelf's theorem (complex analysis) * Lindstrm's theorem (mathematical logic) * Linear congruence theorem (number theory, modular arithmetic) * Linear speedup theorem (computational complexity theory) * Linnik's theorem (number theory) * LionsLaxMilgram theorem (partial differential equations) * Liouville's theorem (complex analysis) (entire functions) * Liouville's theorem (conformal mappings) (conformal mappings) * Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian) (Hamiltonian mechanics) * Lb's theorem (mathematical logic) * Lochs' theorem (number theory) * LoomanMenchoff theorem (complex analysis) * Los' theorem (model theory) * LwenheimSkolem theorem (mathematical logic) * Lucas' theorem (number theory) * Lukacs's proportion-sum independence theorem (probability) * LumerPhillips theorem (semigroup theory) * Luzin's theorem (real analysis) * LyapunovMalkin theorem (stability theory) * Lyapunov's central limit theorem (probability theory) M * M. Riesz extension theorem (functional analysis) * MacMahon Master theorem (enumerative combinatorics) * Mahler's compactness theorem (geometry of numbers) * Mahler's theorem (p-adic analysis) * Maier's theorem (analytic number theory) * Malgrange preparation theorem (singularity theory) * MalgrangeEhrenpreis theorem (differential equations) * Mann's theorem (number theory) * Marcinkiewicz theorem (functional analysis) * Marden's theorem (polynomials) * Mergelyan's theorem (complex analysis) * Marginal value theorem (biology) * Markus-Yamabe theorem (2D stability theory) * Marriage theorem (combinatorics) * Martingale representation theorem (probability theory) * MasonStothers theorem (polynomials) * Master theorem (recurrence relations, asymptotic analysis) * Maschke's theorem (group representations) * Matiyasevich's theorem (mathematical logic) * Max flow min cut theorem (graph theory) * Max Noether's theorem (algebraic geometry) * Maximal ergodic theorem (ergodic theory) * Maximum power theorem (electrical circuits) * Maxwell's theorem (probability theory)

* May's theorem (game theory) * MazurUlam theorem (normed spaces) * Mazur's torsion theorem (algebraic geometry) * Mean value theorem (calculus) * Measurable Riemann mapping theorem (conformal mapping) * Median theorem (triangle geometry) * Mellin inversion theorem (complex analysis) * Menelaus' theorem (geometry) * Menger's theorem (graph theory) * Mercer's theorem (functional analysis) * MerminWagner theorem (physics) * Mertens' theorems (number theory) * Metrization theorems (topological spaces) * Meusnier's theorem (differential geometry) * Midy's theorem (number theory) * Mihailescu's theorem (number theory) * MillikenTaylor theorem (Ramsey theory) * Milliken's tree theorem (Ramsey theory) * MilmanPettis theorem (Banach space) * Min-max theorem (functional analysis) * Minimax theorem (game theory) * Minkowski's theorem (geometry of numbers) * Minkowski-Hlawka theorem (geometry of numbers) * Minlos' theorem (functional analysis) * Miquel's theorem (circles) * MirskyNewman theorem (group theory) * Mitchell's embedding theorem (category theory) * Mittag-Leffler's theorem (complex analysis) * Modigliani-Miller theorem (finance theory) * Modularity theorem (number theory) * MohrMascheroni theorem (geometry) * Monge's theorem (geometry) * Monodromy theorem (complex analysis) * Monotone class theorem (measure theory) * Monotone convergence theorem (mathematical analysis) * Montel's theorem (complex analysis) * Moore-Aronszajn theorem (Hilbert space) * MordellWeil theorem (number theory) * Moreau's theorem (convex analysis) * Morera's theorem (complex analysis) * Morley's categoricity theorem (model theory) * Morley's trisector theorem (geometry) * Morton's theorem (game theory) * Mostow rigidity theorem (differential geometry) * Mountain pass theorem (calculus of variations) * Moving equilibrium theorem (economics) * Multinomial theorem (algebra, combinatorics) * Multiplication theorem (special functions) * Multiplicity-one theorem (group representations) * Mumford vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry) * MntzSzsz theorem (functional analysis) * Mycielski's theorem (graph theory) * Myers theorem (differential geometry)

* MyhillNerode theorem (formal languages) N * Nachbin's theorem(complex analysis) * NagataSmirnov metrization theorem(general topology) * NagellLutz theorem (elliptic curves) * Napoleon's theorem (triangle geometry) * Nash embedding theorem (differential geometry) * NashMoser theorem (mathematical analysis) * NewlanderNiremberg theorem (differential geometry) * Newton's theorem about ovals (curves) * Nicomachus's theorem (number theory) * Nielsen fixed-point theorem (fixed points) * Nielsen realization problem (geometric topology) * NielsenSchreier theorem (free groups) * No cloning theorem (quantum computation) * No free lunch theorem (philosophy of mathematics) * No hair theorem (physics) * No wandering domain theorem (ergodic theory) * No-broadcast theorem (physics) * No-communication theorem (physics) * Noether's theorem (Lie groups, calculus of variations, differential invariants, physics) * Noether's second theorem (calculus of variations, physics) * Noether's theorem on rationality for surfaces (algebraic surfaces) * No-ghost theorem (vertex algebras) * No-trade theorem (economics) * Non-squeezing theorem (symplectic geometry) * Norton's theorem (electrical networks) * Novikov's compact leaf theorem (foliations) * NyquistShannon sampling theorem (information theory) O * Odd number theorem (physics) * Open mapping theorem (complex analysis) * Open mapping theorem (functional analysis) * Optical equivalence theorem (quantum optics) (quantum physics) * Optional stopping theorem (probability theory) * Orbit theorem (control theory) * Orbit-stabilizer theorem (group theory) * Ore's theorem (graph theory) * Ornstein theorem (ergodic theory) * Ortsbogen theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Oseledec theorem (ergodic theory) * Osterwalder-Schrader theorem (physics) * Ostrowski's theorem (number theory) * OstrowskiHadamard gap theorem (complex analysis) P * PCP theorem (computational complexity theory) * Paley's theorem (algebra)

* PaleyWiener theorem (Fourier transforms) * Pandya theorem (nuclear physics) * Pappus's centroid theorem (geometry) * Pappus's hexagon theorem (geometry) * ParisHarrington theorem (mathematical logic) * Parovicenko's theorem (topology) * Parallel axis theorem (physics) * Parseval's theorem (Fourier analysis) * Parthasarathy's theorem (game theory) * Pascal's theorem (conics) * Pasch's theorem (order theory) * Peano existence theorem (ordinary differential equations) * Peetre theorem (functional analysis) * Peixoto's theorem (dynamical systems) * PenroseHawking singularity theorems (physics) * Pentagonal number theorem (number theory) * Perfect graph theorem (graph theory) * Perlis theorem (graph theory) * Perpendicular axis theorem (physics) * PerronFrobenius theorem (matrix theory) * PeterWeyl theorem (representation theory) * PhragmenLindelf theorem (complex analysis) * Picard theorem (complex analysis) * PicardLindelf theorem (ordinary differential equations) * Pick's theorem (geometry) * PickandsBalkemade Haan theorem (extreme value theory) * PitmanKoopmanDarmois theorem (statistics) * Pitot theorem (plane geometry) * Pivot theorem (circles) * Planar separator theorem (graph theory) * Plancherel theorem (Fourier analysis) * Plancherel theorem for spherical functions (representation theory) * PoincarBendixson theorem (dynamical systems) * PoincarBirkhoffWitt theorem (universal enveloping algebras) * PoincarHopf theorem (differential topology) * Poincar duality theorem (algebraic topology of manifolds) * Poincar recurrence theorem (dynamical systems) * Poisson limit theorem (probability) * Plya enumeration theorem (combinatorics) * Pompeiu's theorem (Euclidean geometry) * PonceletSteiner theorem (geometry) * Positive energy theorem (physics) * Post's theorem (mathematical logic) * Poynting's theorem (physics) * Preimage theorem (differential topology) * Price's theorem (physics) * Prime number theorem (number theory) * Primitive element theorem (field theory) * Principal axis theorem (linear algebra) * Principal ideal theorem (algebraic number theory) * Prokhorov's theorem (measure theory) * Proth's theorem (number theory) * Pseudorandom generator theorem (computational complexity theory)

* Ptolemaios' theorem (geometry) * Pythagorean theorem (geometry) Q * QuillenSuslin theorem (abstract algebra) * Quadratic reciprocity theorem * Quantum threshold theorem (computer science) (theoretical computer science) * Quotient of subspace theorem (functional analysis) R * Rademacher's theorem (mathematical analysis) * Rado's theorem (harmonic analysis) * Radon's theorem (convex sets) * RadonNikodym theorem (measure theory) * Ramanujam vanishing theorem (algebraic geometry) * RamanujanSkolem's theorem (diophantine equations) * Ramsey's theorem (graph theory, combinatorics) * Rank-nullity theorem (linear algebra) * RaoBlackwell theorem (statistics) * RashevskyChow theorem (control theory) * Rational root theorem (algebra, polynomials) * Rationality theorem (politics) * Ratner's theorems (ergodic theory) * Rauch comparison theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Rdei's theorem (group theory) * Reeb sphere theorem (foliations) * ReehSchlieder theorem (local quantum field theory) * Reflection theorem (algebraic number theory) * Regev's theorem (ring theory) * ReidemeisterSinger Theorem (geometric topology) * Reider's theorem (algebraic surfaces) * Residue theorem (complex analysis) * Reynolds transport theorem (fluid dynamics) * Ribet's theorem (elliptic curves) * Rice's theorem (recursion theory, computer science) * RiceShapiro theorem (computer science) * Richardson's theorem (mathematical logic) * Riemann mapping theorem (complex analysis) * Riemann series theorem (mathematical series) * Riemann's existence theorem (algebraic geometry) * Riemann's theorem on removable singularities (complex analysis) * RiemannRoch theorem (Riemann surfaces, algebraic curves) * RiemannRoch theorem for smooth manifolds (differential topology) * RiemannRoch theorem for surfaces (algebraic surfaces) * Riemann singularity theorem (algebraic geometry) * Riesz representation theorem (functional analysis, Hilbert space) * RieszFischer theorem (real analysis) * RieszThorin theorem (functional analysis) * RingelYoungs theorem (graph theory) * Robbins theorem (graph theory) * RobertsonSeymour theorem (graph theory)

* Robin's theorem (number theory) * Robinson's joint consistency theorem (mathematical logic) * Rokhlin's theorem (geometric topology) * Rolle's theorem (calculus) * Rosser's theorem (number theory) * Rouch's theorem (complex analysis) * RouchCapelli theorem (Linear algebra) * Routh's theorem (triangle geometry) * RouthHurwitz theorem (polynomials) * Runge's theorem (complex analysis) * Rybczynski theorem (economics) * Ryll-Nardzewski fixed point theorem (functional analysis) S * Scobordism theorem (differential topology) * SaccheriLegendre theorem (absolute geometry) * Sahlqvist correspondence theorem (modal logic) * Saint-Venant's theorem (physics) * Sard's theorem (differential geometry) * Sarkovskii's theorem (dynamical systems) * Savitch's theorem (computational complexity theory) * Sazonov's theorem (functional analysis) * Schaefer's dichotomy theorem (computational complexity theory) * Schauder fixed point theorem (functional analysis) * Schilder's theorem (stochastic processes) * Schnyder's theorem (graph theory) * Schreier refinement theorem (group theory) * SchrderBernstein theorems for operator algebras (operator algebras) * SchroederBernstein theorem for measurable spaces (measure theory) * Schur's lemma (representation theory) * Schur's theorem (Ramsey theory) * SchurZassenhaus theorem (group theory) * Schwartz kernel theorem (generalized functions) * SchwartzZippel theorem (polynomials) * SchwarzAhlforsPick theorem (differential geometry) * Schwenk's theorem (graph theory) * Scott core theorem (3-manifolds) * Seifertvan Kampen theorem (algebraic topology) * Separating axis theorem (convex geometry) * ShannonHartley theorem (information theory) * Shannon's expansion theorem (Boolean algebra) * Shannon's source coding theorem (information theory) * Shell theorem (physics) * ShirshovWitt theorem (Lie algebra) * Shannon's theorem (information theory) * Shift theorem (differential operators) * SiegelWalfisz theorem (analytic number theory) * SilvermanToeplitz theorem (mathematical analysis) * Simplicial approximation theorem (algebraic topology) * Sinkhorn's theorem (matrix theory) * Sion's minimax theorem (game theory) * SipserLautemann theorem (probabilistic complexity theory) (structural complexity theory)

* Six circles theorem (circles) * Six exponentials theorem (transcendence theory) * Sklar's theorem (statistics) * SkodaEl Mir theorem (complex geometry) * SkolemMahlerLech theorem (number theory) * SkolemNoether theorem (simple algebras) * Skorokhod's embedding theorem (statistics) * Skorokhod's representation theorem (statistics) * SleszynskiPringsheim theorem (continued fraction) * Slutsky's theorem (probability theory) * Smn theorem (recursion theory, computer science) * Sobolev embedding theorem (mathematical analysis) * SokhatskyWeierstrass theorem (complex analysis) * SonnenscheinMantelDebreu Theorem (economics) * Sophie Germain's theorem (number theory) * Soul theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Soundness theorem (mathematical logic) * Space hierarchy theorem (computational complexity theory) * Specht's theorem (matrix theory) * Spectral theorem (functional analysis) * Speedup theorem (computational complexity theory) * Sperner's theorem (combinatorics) * Sphere theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Spin-statistics theorem (physics) * SpragueGrundy theorem (combinatorial game theory) * Squeeze theorem (mathematical analysis) * Stallings theorem about ends of groups (group theory) * StallingsZeeman theorem (algebraic topology) * Stanley's reciprocity theorem (combinatorics) * Star of David theorem (combinatorics) * StarkHeegner theorem (number theory) * SteinStrmberg theorem (measure theory) * SteinerLehmus theorem (triangle geometry) * Steinhaus theorem (measure theory) * Steinitz theorem (graph theory) * Stewart's theorem (plane geometry) * Stinespring factorization theorem (operator theory) * Stirling's theorem (mathematical analysis) * Stokes' theorem (vector calculus, differential topology) * StolperSamuelson theorem (economics) * StolzCesro theorem (calculus) * Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras (mathematical logic) * Stone's theorem on one-parameter unitary groups (functional analysis) * StoneTukey theorem (topology) * Stonevon Neumann theorem (functional analysis, representation theory of the Heisenberg group, quantum mechanics) * StoneWeierstrass theorem (functional analysis) * Strassman's theorem (field theory) * Structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain (abstract algebra) * Structure theorem for Gaussian measures (measure theory) * Structured program theorem (computer science) * Sturm's theorem (theory of equations) * SturmPicone comparison theorem (differential equations)

* Subspace theorem (Diophantine approximation) * Supporting hyperplane theorem (convex geometry) * Swan's theorem (module theory) * Sylow theorems (group theory) * Sylvester's determinant theorem (determinants) * Sylvester's theorem (number theory) * Sylvester's law of inertia (quadratic forms) * SylvesterGallai theorem (plane geometry) * Symmetric hypergraph theorem (graph theory) * Symphonic theorem (triangle geometry) * Synge's theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Sz.-Nagy's dilation theorem (operator theory) * Szego limit theorems (mathematical analysis) * Szemerdi's theorem (combinatorics) * SzemerdiTrotter theorem (combinatorics) * Szpilrajn extension theorem (axiom of choice) T * Takagi existence theorem (number theory) * Takens' theorem (dynamical systems) * Tameness theorem (3-manifolds) * Tarski's indefinability theorem (mathematical logic) * Taylor's theorem (calculus) * TaylorProudman theorem (physics) * Tennenbaum's theorem (model theory) * Thabit ibn Qurra's theorem (amicable numbers) * Thales' theorem (geometry) * The duality theorem (topology) * Thbault's theorem (geometry) * Theorem of de MoivreLaplace (probability theory) * Theorem of the cube (algebraic varieties) * Theorem of three moments (physics) * Theorem on friends and strangers (Ramsey theory) * Thvenin's theorem (electrical circuits) * Thue's theorem (Diophantine equation) * ThueSiegelRoth theorem (diophantine approximation) * Tietze extension theorem (general topology) * Tijdeman's theorem (diophantine equations) * Tikhonov fixed point theorem (functional analysis) * Time hierarchy theorem (computational complexity theory) * Titchmarsh theorem (integral transform) * Titchmarsh convolution theorem (complex analysis) * Tits alternative (geometric group theory) * Toda's theorem (computational complexity theory) * Tomita's theorem (operator algebras) * Tonelli's theorem (functional analysis) * Topkis's theorem (economics) * Toponogov's theorem (Riemannian geometry) * Torelli theorem (algebraic geometry) * Trichotomy theorem (finite groups) * Trudinger's theorem (functional analysis) * Tsen's theorem (algebraic geometry)

* Tunnell's theorem (number theory) * Tutte theorem (graph theory) * Turn's theorem (graph theory) * TurnKubilius theorem (number theory) * Tychonoff's theorem (general topology) U * Ugly duckling theorem (computer science) * Uniformization theorem (complex analysis, differential geometry) * Universal approximation theorem (neural networks) * Universal coefficient theorem (algebraic topology) * Unmixedness theorem (algebraic geometry) V * ValiantVazirani theorem (computational complexity theory) * Van Aubel's theorem (quadrilaterals) * Van der Waerden's theorem (combinatorics) * Van Vleck's theorem (mathematical analysis) * Vantieghems theorem (number theory) * Varignon's theorem (Euclidean geometry) * VietorisBegle mapping theorem (algebraic topology) * Vinogradov's theorem (number theory) * Virial theorem (classical mechanics) * Vitali convergence theorem (measure theory) * Vitali covering theorem (measure theory) * Vitali theorem (measure theory) * VitaliHahnSaks theorem (measure theory) * Viviani's theorem (Euclidean geometry) * Von Neumann bicommutant theorem (functional analysis) * Von Neumann's theorem (operator theory) * Von StaudtClausen theorem (number theory) W * Wagner's theorem (graph theory) * Waldhausen's theorem (geometric topology) * Walter theorem (finite groups) * Weber's theorem (algebraic curves) * Wedderburn's little theorem (ring theory) * Wedderburn's theorem (abstract algebra) * WeierstrassCasorati theorem (complex analysis) * Weierstrass factorization theorem (complex analysis) * Weierstrass preparation theorem (several complex variables,commutative algebra) * WeinbergWitten theorem (quantum field theory) * Well-ordering theorem (mathematical logic) * Whitehead theorem (homotopy theory) * Whitney embedding theorem (differential manifolds) * Whitney extension theorem (mathematical analysis) * Whitney immersion theorem (differential topology) * WhitneyGraustein Theorem (algebraic topology) * Wick's theorem (physics)

* Wiener's tauberian theorem (real analysis) * WienerIkehara theorem (number theory) * WignerEckart theorem (ClebschGordan coefficients) * Wilkie's theorem (model theory) * Wilson's theorem (number theory) * Witt's theorem (quadratic forms) * Wold's theorem (statistics) * Wolstenholme's theorem (number theory) Z * Z* theorem (finite groups) * ZJ theorem (finite groups) * Zahorski theorem (real analysis) * Zariski's main theorem (algebraic geometry) * Zeckendorf's theorem (number theory) * ZeilbergerBressoud theorem (combinatorics) * Zsigmondy's theorem (number theory)

LIST OF MUSIC STYLES

* 2-step garage * 2 tone * 4-beat * 4x4 Garage - UK garage also known as Bassline * 8-bit [edit] A Aa-Ak - Al-An - Ap-Ax * A cappella - any singing performed without instrumental backing [edit] Aa-Ak * Acid House - came about in the mid to late 1980s, originally in Detroit and Chicago, came through Ibiza to Britain. * Acid Jazz - a combination of jazz,funk,and hip hop * Acid Rock - a form of psychedelic rock, characterized with long instrumental solos, few (if any) lyrics and musical improvisation * Acoustic Music - a music that solely or primarily uses instruments which produce sound through entirely acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means. * Adult contemporary music is a broad style of popular music that ranges from lush 1960s vocal music to predominantly ballad-heavy music with varying degrees of rock influence. * Afrobeat - a combination of Yoruba music, jazz, highlife, and funk, fused with percussion and vocal styles, popularized in Africa in the 1970s. * Afropop - umbrella genre term for African popular music [edit] Al-An * Aleatoric music - music the composition of which is partially left to chance

* Alternative country - (also known as alt-country or no depression) reaction against the 1990s highly-polished Nashville sound * Alternative dance - music combining elements of dance-pop (or other forms of electronic house or techno) and alternative rock genres such as indie rock. * Alternative hip hop - opposite of gangster rap, usually includes metaphorical aware lyrics (also known as alternative rap or Bohemian hip hop) * Alternative metal - catch-all term for heavy metal which uses techniques less conventional in heavy metal * Alternative rock - broad movement born in the 1980s generally relegated to the underground music scene and operating outside of the mainstream * Ambient music - music that can either be listened to intently, or be played in the background and easily be ignored. oftentimes used for relaxation and meditation. * Americana- style similar to folk music, but with elements of newer styles such as rock and rhythm and blues * Anime music - closely tied to J-pop but often accompanied by soundtrack albums * Anti-folk - sounds raw or experimental; it also generally mocks the seriousness and pretension of the established mainstream music scene in addition to mocking itself. [edit] Ap-Ax * Apala * Arabesque - A versatile collection of music fusing eastern folk music, Arab classical music and various other genres * Arabic pop - a subgenre of Arabic music fusing pop elements * Argentine rock * Ars antiqua - music of Europe of the late Middle Ages between approximately 1170 and 1310 * Ars nova - music of the Late Middle Ages, centered in France, which encompassed the period roughly from 1310 to 1314 * Art rock - rock music that tends to have "experimental or avant-garde influences" and emphasizes "novel sonic texture. * Ashiq - Armenian bards who sing and accompany themselves on a saz (a kind of lute) * Australian country music (see also Country music) * Australian pub rock * Australian hip hop * Avant-garde jazz - sounds very similar to free jazz, but differs in that, despite its distinct departure from traditional harmony, it has a predetermined structure over which improvisation may take place. * Avant-garde metal - a subgenre of heavy metal music characterised by the use of innovative, avant-garde elements, large-scale experimentation, and the use of non-standard sounds, instruments, and song structures. * Avant-garde music - used at different times to mean different kinds of music (usually art music) considered ahead of their time and containing new, unusual, or experimental ideas or elements or fusing different genres. * Art punk * Ax - pop music from Brazil [edit] B Bac-Bal - Bam-Bay - Be-Bh - Bi-Bl - Br-Bu [edit] Bac-Bal * Bachata - originated in the countryside and the rural neighborhoods of the Dominican Republic. Its subjects are often romantic; especially prevalent are tales of heartbreak and sadness. * Baggy

* Baio - a Northeast Brazilian rhythmic formula that became the basis of a wide range of music. * Bakersfield sound - gritty, hard-edged reaction against 1950s pop country (Nashville sound) * Bakshy - Turkmen folk music made by travelling musicians also called bakshy * Baila - Sri Lankan dance music derived from African slaves held by the Portuguese * Baile Funk - Brazilian dance music literally means "ball", as in "dance party", and "funk" * Baisha xiyue - a song and dance suite from the Naxi of Lijiang, China * Bajourou - Malian (Mali) pop music usually played at weddings and social gatherings. * Bakou - trilling vocals that accompany Wolof wrestling * Bal-musette - a style of French music and dance which arose in 1880s Paris especially the 5th, 11th, and 12th districts. * Balakadri - a traditional quadrille music that was performed for balls on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. * Balinese Gamelan - A form of Gamelan native to Bali * Ballad - generic term for usually slow, romantic, despairing and catastrophic songs * Ballata - an Italian poetic and musical form, which was in use from the late 13th to the 15th century. * Ballet (music) * Baltimore Club [edit] Bam-Bay * Bamboo band - originally from the Solomon Islands, music played by hitting bamboo tubes with sandals * Bambuco - the "unofficial music of Colombia". Folk music accompanied by a stylized group dance in either a 6/8 or 3/4 meter. * Banda - Mexican brass norteo pop music invented in the 1960s * Bangsawan - a type of traditional Malay opera. It was known to have developed from a sort of Indian theatre performance during the 19th century by visiting Indian travellers. * Bantowbol * Barbershop music - a style of a cappella, or unaccompanied vocal music characterized by consonant four-part chords for every melody note in a predominantly homophonic texture * Barndance * Baroque music - 17th-18th century European classical music * Bass music (Miami bass, Booty bass) - electro influenced form of hip hop dance music arising in Miami, Florida * Bat-rumba - a form of Rumba music popular mainly in Cuba * Batcave (club) - original gothic rock music. * Batucada - a substyle of samba and refers to an African influenced Brazilian percussive style, usually performed by an ensemble. * Batuco [edit] Be-Bh * Beach music - a regional genre which developed from various musical styles of the forties, fifties and sixties. These styles ranged from big band swing instrumentals to the more raucous sounds of blues/jump blues, jazz, doo-wop, boogie, rhythm and blues, reggae, rockabilly and old-time rock and roll. * Beat- a fusion of rock and roll, doo wop, skiffle, R&B and soul. Beat groups characteristically had simple guitar-dominated line-ups, with vocal harmonies and catchy tunes. * Beatboxing - Music performed by producing percussive and melodic sounds with the mouth alone, often mimicking instruments, recorded samples and other sounds not typically associated with vocalization. * Bebop - 1940s jazz style with complex improvisation and a fast tempo

* Beiguan - Taiwanese instrumental music * Bel canto - Italian vocal style which arose in the late 16th century and which ended in the mid-19th century * Bend-skin - a kind of urban Cameroonian popular music. * Benga - a genre of Kenyan popular music * Berlin School of electronic music - a style of electronic music characterized by atmospheric sounds and the use of sequencers. * Bhajan - a Hindu religious song * Bhangra - (BHUNG-ghra)- A genre from India. It originated in Punjab as a form of music and dance to celebrate a successful harvest. * Bhangra-wine * Bhangragga * Bhangramuffin [edit] Bi-Bl * Big band music - large orchestras which play a form of swing music * Big Beat - 1990s electronic music based on breakbeat with other influences * Biguine - Guadeloupean folk music * Blackened death metal - a fusion between death and black metal * Black metal - highly distorted and swift form of heavy metal * Bluegrass - American country music mixed with Irish and Scottish influences * Blue-eyed soul - rhythm and blues or soul music performed by white artists. * Blues - African-American music from the Mississippi Delta area * Blues ballad - the sound of the blues using a blues scale and blues style chord progressions with a bridge using a different bluesy chord progression) * Blues-rock - a hybrid musical genre combining bluesy improvisations over the 12-bar blues and extended boogie jams with rock and roll styles. * Biomusic - a form of experimental music which deals with sounds created or performed by living things. * Bitpop - electronic music, where at least part of the music is made using old 8-bit computers, game consoles and little toy instruments. Popular choices are the Commodore 64, Game Boy, Atari 2600 and Nintendo Entertainment System. * Bihu-a popular folk music of Assam,India [edit] Br-Bu * Brass band - a musical group generally consisting entirely of brass instruments, most often with a percussion section. * Brazilian funk * Brazilian jazz - bossa nova and samba mixed with American jazz * Breakbeat - a collection of sub-genres of electronic music, usually characterized by the use of a non-straightened 4/4 drum pattern (as opposed to the steady beat of house or trance). These rhythms may be characterised by their intensive use of syncopation and polyrhythms. * Breakbeat hardcore - a derivative of acid house that combines 4-to-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats, and is associated with UK Rave scene. * Breakcore - an electronic music style that brings together elements of industrial, jungle, hardcore techno and IDM into a breakbeat-oriented sound that encourages speed, complexity, impact and maximum sonic density. It adheres to a loose set of stylistic rules. * Breton Music - traditional music of Brittany, France, that is played today yet, with pipes, drums and bombard. It's also known for its original and very ancient songs called "gwerz", or "kan ha diskan". * Brill Building Pop - named after New York's Brill Building at 1619 Broadway * Britfunk

* Britpop * British blues * British Invasion - rock and roll, beat and pop performers from the United Kingdom who became popular in the United States from 1964 to 1966. * Broken beat - an electronic music genre which can be characterized by syncopated rhythm typically in 4/4 metre, with staggered or punctuated snare beats and/or hand claps. * Brown-eyed soul - a subgenre of soul music or rhythm and blues created in the United States mainly by Latinos in Southern California during the 1960s, continuing through to the early 1980s. * Brukdown - rural Belizean Kriol music * Brutal Death Metal - extreme form of Death Metal * Bubblegum dance * Bubblegum pop - sometimes synonymous with pop music, especially that performed by teen idols; can also refer to specific styles of South African or Japanese pop * Bikutsi * Buleras * Bumba-meu-boi * Bunraku - Japanese style originated from a kind of puppettheater. * Burger-highlife * Burgundian School... * Byzantine Chant... [edit] C Ca - Cc-Ce - Ch - Ci-Cl - Co - Cr-Cu [edit] Cad-Cam * Ca din tulnic * Ca tr - (hat a dao) Vietnamese folk music * Cabaret * Cadence * Cadence-lypso - guitar-dominated Cadence music combined with calypso horns * Cadence rampa * Caf-aman * Cai luong - Vietnamese opera * Cajun music * Cakewalk * Calenda - Trinidadian drum dance * Calgia - traditional urban ensemble music from Macedonia * Calipso - Venezuelan calypso music * Calypso - Trinidadian folk, and later pop, genre * Calypso-style baila - Sri Lankan baila mixed with calypso influences * Campursari - Indonesian modern folk music, a fusion of dangdut, langgam, and pop music [edit] Can-Car * Candombe * Canon * Cantata * Cante chico * Cante jondo * Canterbury Scene * Cantias * Cantiga - Portuguese ballad form

* Canto livre - Portuguese modernized fado * Canto nuevo - Bolivian pop-folk music which evolved out of Chilean nueva cancion * Cantopop - western-style pop music from Hong Kong * Canzone napoletana - urban songs from Naples * Capoeira music * Caracoles * Cardas * Carimb - dance music of Belm, Brazil * Cariso * Carnatic music - South Indian classical music * Carol * Cartageneras [edit] Cas-Cav * Cavacha * Caveman - The remixing/re-formation of songs using guttural noises and grunts, instead of the mainstream accepted lyrics of the current era. [edit] Cc-Ce * CCM (Contemporary Christian Music) * Celempungan * Cello rock * Celtic * Celtic fusion * Celtic metal * Celtic punk * Celtic reggae * Celtic rock [edit] Cha * Cha-cha-cha * Chakacha * Chamam - Argentinian folk music * Chamber jazz * Chamber pop * Chamber music * Champeta - Colombian musical form derived from African communities in Cartagena * Chalga * Changu * Chanson * Chant * Charanga * Charanga-vallenata - 1980s mixture of salsa, charanga and vallenato * Charikawi * Chastushki - humorous Russian folk songs * Chau van - Vietnamese trance music [edit] Che-Chi * Chemical breaks

* Cho * Chicago blues * Chicago house * Chicago jazz (Dixieland jazz) * Chicago soul * Chicha - a Peruvian fusion of rock and roll, cumbia and huayno * Chicken scratch * Chillout * Chillwave * Chimurenga (mbira) * Chinese music * Chinese rock - rock and roll from China / Taiwan, often with protest lyrics * Chip music [edit] Cho-Chr * Chongak - Korean aristocratic chamber music * Chouval bwa * Chowtal * Cho-kantrum - the most traditional form of Cambodian kantrum * Chopera - Church Opera * Chorinho * Choro - Brazilian folk music * Christian alternative * Christian black metal (known as Unblack metal) * Christmas carol See also: List of Christmas carols * Christmas music * Christian electronic music * Christian Hardcore * Christian hip hop * Christian Industrial * Christian metal * Christian music * Christian punk * Christian rock * Christian ska * Chylandyk - type of xoomii[disambiguation needed ] which sounds like the chirping of crickets [edit] Chu * Chumba * Chut-kai-pang * Chutney - popular Indo-Caribbean music * Chutney-soca - Chutney mixed with calypso and other influences [edit] Ci-Cl * Cignyzene * Cinematic * Classic country * Classic female blues - early popular form of blues * Classic rock

* Classical music * Classical music era (~1730-1820), for what's popularly known as "classical music", see European classical music or List of musical movements * Clicks n Cuts * Close harmony * Club music [edit] Coc-Cor * Coimbra fado - a form of refined fado from Coimbra, Portugal * Coladeira * Combined Rhythm - music of the Dutch Antilles * Comedy rap * Comedy rock * Comic opera * Comparsa * Compas direct * Concert overture * Concerto * Concerto grosso * Conjunto * Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) * Contemporary R&B * Contradanza * Cool jazz * Corrido - storytelling ballads from Mexico [edit] Cou-Cow * Country blues * Country Gospel a.k.a. Christian Country * Country music * Country-rap * Country rock * Countrypolitan * Country pop * Coup-Dcal * Cowpunk [edit] Cr-Cu * Cretan music * Crossover music * Crossover thrash * Crunk - American music * Crunk&B * Crunkcore * Crust punk * Csrds * Cuarteto - Argentinian folk music * Cuddlecore * Cueca

* Cumbia - popular dance music, originally Colombian but now popular across Latin America, especially Mexico * Cumbia villera - Argentinian type of cumbia which contains marginal lyrics * Cybergrind [edit] D Da - De-Dh - Di-Dr - Du-Dz Dubstep [edit] Da * Dabka (Dabke) - Palestinian dance music for weddings * Dadra * Daina (Latvia) - Latvian sung poetry * Daina (Lithuania) - Lithuanian traditional music * Dance music - any rhythmic music intended for dancing * Dance-pop - contemporary form of dance music with pop music structures * Dance-punk - fusion of punk rock, funk, disco, and electro music (also known as disco-punk, punkfunk, and indie-dance) * Dance-rock * Dancehall * Dangdut - popular Indonesian dance music with influences from Arab and Indian music * Danger music * Dansband * Danza * Danzn * Dark ambient * Dark cabaret * Darkcore (hardcore techno) * Darkcore (drum & bass) * Dark pop * Darkstep * Darkwave [edit] De-Dh * De dragoste * Deathcore - a fusion between death metal and metalcore * Deathgrind - a fusion between death metal and grindcore * Death industrial * Death metal * Death/Doom - a fusion between death metal and doom metal * Death rock * Dcima * Degung * Delta blues * Deep house * Deep soul * Dementia - relating to the style of music popularized by the Dr. Demento Show * Desi - Indian folk music * Detroit blues * Detroit techno

* Dhamar - a type of highly-oranemented dhrupad * Dhrupad - Hindustani vocal music performed by men singing in medieval Hindi * Dhun [edit] Di-Dr * Digital hardcore * Disney * Disney pop * Dirge * Dirty rap * Dirty South (music) (also known as Southern rap) * Dirty Dutch * Disco * Disco house * Disco polo - Polish nightclub dance music, played in '90s. * Diva house * Dixieland jazz (Chicago jazz) * Djent * Doina * Dondang sayang - slow folk music that mixes Malaysian forms with Portuguese, India, Chinese and Arabic music * Donegal fiddle tradition * Dongjing - Chinese Naxi form of folk music, related to silk and bamboo music from Chinca * Doo wop * Doom metal * Doomcore * Downtempo * Drag * Dream pop * Drone doom (Also known as Drone metal) * Drone music * Dronology * Drum and bass (DNB) [edit] Du-Dz * Dub * Dub house * Dubtronica * Dubstep * Dubstyle * Dunun - Yoruba drum music * Dunedin Sound - early 1980s alternative rock sound based out of Dunedin, New Zealand and Flying Nun Records * Dutch jazz [edit] E Ea-En - Er-Ez [edit] Ea-En * Early music

* East Coast blues * East Coast hip hop * Easy listening * Elafrolak (see Lako) * Electric blues * Electric folk * Electro * Electro Backbeat * Electro hop * Electro-industrial * Electro punk * Electro-swing * Electroclash * Electrofunk * Electronic art music * Electronic body music (EBM, also known as industrial dance) * Electronic dance * Electronic luk thung - Dance-ready form of Thai pleng luk thung * Electronic music * Electronic rock * Electronica * Electropop * Elevator music (or Muzak) * Emo * Emo rap * Emo pop * Emocore * Enka - Japanese pop music, using native forms [edit] Ep-Ez * Eremwu eu * Ethereal wave * Ethereal pop * Eurobeat * Eurodance * Euro disco * Europop * Eurotrance * Exotica * Experimental music * Experimental noise * Experimental rock * Extreme metal * Ezengileer - type of Tuvan xoomii[disambiguation needed ] said to imitate the trotting of horses. [edit] F Fa - Fr - Fu [edit] Fa-Fr * Fado - Portuguese roots-based popular music * Falak - Tajik folk music

* Fandango - Spanish dance music * Farruca - a genre of flamenco * Filk - modern, science fiction-oriented music * Film scores * Filmi - Indian film music * Filmi-ghazal - filmi based on Hindustani ghazal * Finger-style * Flamenco - dance music of Andalusia, Spain * Flower power * Folk metal * Folk music * Folk pop * Folk punk * Folk rock * Folktronica * Forr - extremely popular music of Northeastern Brazil [edit] Fr * Franco-country * Freakbeat * Freak-folk * Free improvisation - freeform musical improvisation * Free jazz - improvised 1960s jazz * Free music * Freestyle * Freestyle house - a cross-culture mix of hip-hop/electro/house/pop * Freetekno * Frevo - folk music from Recife, Brazil [edit] Fu * Fuji - Yoruba vocal and percussion music * Fulia - Afro-Venezuelan percussion music * Full On * Funan * Funeral doom - an extremely slow version of doom metal, most commonly made at the "pace of a funeral march" * Funk - a bass-heavy outgrowth of soul music * Funk metal - 1980s combination of funk, heavy metal and punk rock * Funk rock * Funky house - considered a subgenre of UK Garage * Furniture music - Erik Satie's invention of Background music * Fusion jazz - mixture of rock and jazz G Ga - Ge-Gn - Go-Gr - Gu-Gy * G-funk [edit] Gaa-Gal

* Gaana - type of Tamil song from Tamil Nadu, India * Gabber (also spelled as Gabba) * Gagaku - Japanese classical music derived from ancient court traditions * Gaikyoku * Gaita - Afro-Venezuelan form of loud percussion music * Galant [edit] Gam-Gan * Gamad - Malay-style * Gambang kromong - popular, highly-evolved form of kroncong, originally adapted for the theater * Gamelan - diverse Indonesian classical music, making use of a vast array of melodic percussion * Gamelan angklung - Balinese gamelan played for cremations and festivals * Gamelan bebonangan - Balinese cymbal-based processional gamelan * Gamelan degung - a form of popular Sundanese gamelan * Gamelan bang - Balinese sacred gamelan played for cremations * Gamelan buh - Balinese form of gamelan * Gamelan gede - ceremonial gamelan from the temple of Bator * Gamelan kebyar - an energetic form of large Balinese gamelan * Gamelan salendro - gamelan dance music from West Java, known as lower-class music * Gamelan selunding - possibly the oldest style of gamelan, played only in the village of Tenganan in Bali * Gamelan semar pegulingan - sensual form of gamelan from Bali * Gamewave * Gammeldans * Gandrung - Osing music performed at weddings. * Gangsta rap - American form of hip hop music which focuses on underground lifestyles and illegal activities. [edit] Gar-Gav * Gar - Tibetan classical music from gabi gishnola * Garage rock * Garrotin * Gavotte * Garage Grass - Urban Sydney String Band Music [edit] Ge-Gn * Gelugpa chanting - form of Tibetan Buddhist chanting, very austere and restrained * Gender wayang - Indonesian gamelan that accompanies shadow plays and other puppet plays * Gending - a distinct gamelan music from southern Sumatra * German Folk Music * Gharbi * Gharnati * Ghazal - vocal form originally Persian but since spread to Central Asia, Iran, Turkey and India * Ghazal-song - a modernized version of ghazal influenced by filmi * Ghetto house - form of Miami bass influenced by house music which arose in Chicago * Ghettotech - form of Miami bass which developed in 1990s Detroit * Girl group - Girls singing rock songs * Glam metal * Glam punk

* Glam rock (alternately known as glitter rock) * Glitch * Gnawa [edit] Go-Gr * Go-go * Goa (also known as Goa trance) * Gong-chime music * Goombay - Bahamanian percussion music * Goregrind * Goshu ondo - a form of popularized Okinawan folk music * Gospel music * Gothic metal * Gothic rock * Granadinas * Grebo * Gregorian chant (plainchant) * Grime - emerged from East London, dark electronic beats with rapping, related to UK Garage and 2 step * Grindcore - fusion of Death Metal and Punk * Groove metal * Group Sounds - Japanese pop music from the 1960s, which included Appalachian folk music and psychedelic rock * Grunge * Grupera - a mixture of Mexican ranchera, norteo and cumbia [edit] Gu-Gy * Guaguanbo * Guajira * Guasca - from Colombia * Guitarra Baiana - from Pernambuco, Brazil, a style of playing frevo using electric guitars * Guitarradas * Gumbe * Gunchei * Gunka - military marches with Japanese influences, created during the Meiji Restoration * Guoyue - invented conservatoire style of national Chinese music * Gwo ka - Guadeloupan percussion music * Gwo ka moderne - modernized gwo ka * Gypsy jazz * Gypsybilly see Gypsy Jazz (North America) * Gypsy punk * Gyu ke - form of Tibetan Tantric chanting [edit] H Ha - He-Ho - Hu-Hy [edit] Hab-Has * Habanera - Africanized danzn * Hajnali - Hungarian-Transylvanian wedding songs * Hakka

* Halling * Hambo * Hands Up * Hapa haole - a mixture of traditional Hawaiian music and English lyrics * Happy hardcore * Haqibah * Hardcore hip hop * Hardcore metal * Hardcore punk * Hardcore techno * Hard bop (hard bebop) * Hard house * Hard rock * Hardstyle * Hard trance * Harepa - harp-based music of Pedi people of South Africa * Harmonica blues * Hasaposrviko [edit] Hat-Haz * Ht cho - an ancient form of Vietnamese stage opera * Ht ci luong - Vietnamese popular opera * Ht chau van - a popular spiritual folk music of Vietnam * Ht tu?ng (Ht bi) - Vietnamese operatic music [edit] He-Ho * Heart Attack - Subgenre of screamo music. * Heartland rock * Heavy beat * Heavy metal * Hesher * Hi-NRG * Highlands * Highlife * Highlife fusion * Hillybilly music * Hiplife * Hip hop * Hip house * Hindustani classical music * Hiragasy * Hiva usu - unaccompanied vocal Christian music of Tonga * Honky tonk * Honkyoku * Hora lunga * Hornpipes * Horrorcore rap * Horror punk * House music [edit] Hu-Hy

* Hua'er * Huasteco - folk music from Huasteco, Mexico * Huaynos - Andean dance music now most widespread in Peru * Hula * Humppa * Hunguhungu * Hyangak - Korean court music * Hymn * Hyphy [edit] I * Ibiza music * Icaro * Igbo music * Ijex * Ilahije * Illbient * Impressionist music * Improvisational * Incidental music * Indietronica * Indie folk * Indie music * Indie pop * Indie rock * Indo jazz - jazz mixed with forms of Indian music * Indo rock * Indoyftika * Industrial dance (or EBM, electronic body music) * Industrial Death Metal * Industrial hip-hop * Industrial music * Industrial musical (also known as corporate musical) * Industrial metal * Industrial rock (or coldwave) * Instrumental rock * Intelligent dance music (IDM, also known as intelligent techno, listening techno or art techno) * International Latin - pop ballads from various Latin countries, especially Colombia * Inuit music - music of the Inuit * Irish folk * Irish Rebel Music * Iscathamiya * Isikhwela jo * Island - mix of reggae, ska, latin; music sounding from the island * Isolationist * Italo dance * Italo Disco - Italian nightclub music * Italo house * Itsmeos - folk music of the Zapotec peoples of Mexico * Izvorna bosanska muzika - modernized folk music from Drina, Bosnia * Inang Rhythm

[edit] J Ja-Je - Ji-Ju * J-Pop - Japanese pop music * J-Rock - Japanese rock music * J-Fusion - Japanese Jazz/Rock Fusion music [edit] Ja-Je * Jaipongan - unpredictably rhythmic dance music from West Java, Indonesia * Jaliscienses - Folk music of Jalisco, Mexico, and the origin of mariachi * Jam band * Jam rock * Jamana kura * Jamrieng samai * Jangle pop * Japanese Pop * Jarana * Jariang - Cambodian folk narratives * Jarochos - folk music from Veracruz, Mexico * Jawaiian - Hawaiian reggae * Jazz * Jazz blues * Jazz-funk * Jazz fusion * Jazz Metal * Jazz rap * Jegog - Giant Bamboo ensemble of Bali, Indonesia * Jenkka * Jesus music [edit] Ji-Jt * Jibaro * Jig * Jig punk * Jing ping * Jingle - form of music used in television commercials * Jit * Jitterbug * Jive * Joged - a generic term for various types of dance music all over Indonesia * Joged bumbung - a popular form of joged ensemble * Joik * Joropo * Jota * J'Ouvert * Jug band * Juke joint blues * Juju * Jump blues

* Jumpstyle * Jungle * Junkanoo * Jur * Jtek [edit] K Ka - Ke-Kh - Ki-Kp - Kr-Kw [edit] K* K-pop - Korean pop music [edit] Ka * Kng * Kaba - Southern Albanian instrumental music * Kabuki - lively and popular form of Japanese theater and music * Kadans * Kagok - Korean aristocratic vocal music accompanied by strings, wind and percussion instruments * Kagyupa chanting - form of Tibetan Buddhist chanting * Kaiso - is a type of popular music in Trinidad and other Islands of the Caribbean such as Grenada, St. Lucia and Barbados. It is often used as a synonym for calypso. * Kalamatian * Kalattuut - Inuit polka * Kalinda (kalenda, ti kannot) * Kamba pop * Kan ha diskan * Kansas City blues * Kantdhes * Kantrum * Karaoke * Kargyraa * Karma * Kaseko - Surinamese folk music * Kachashi - lively, celebratory Okinawan folk music * Katajjaq or Inuit throat singing - competitive duet style * Kawachi ondo - a form of modernized Okinawan folk music * Kayokyoku - traditionally-structured Japanese pop music [edit] Ke-Kh * Ke-kwe * Kebyar - see gamelan gong kebyar above * Kecak - Balinese "monkeychant" * Kecapi suling - instrumental, improvisation-based music from Java * Kl * Kertok - Malaysian xylophone music played in small ensembles * Khaleeji - popular folk-based music of the Persian Gulf countries * Khap * Khplam wai - a type of mor lam with a slow tempo which originated in Luang Prabang, Laos * Khelimaski djili - Hungarian Gypsy dance songs * Khene

* Khrung sai - type of Thai classical music * Khyal - Hindustani vocal music that is informal, partially improvised and very popular * Khoomei * Khorovodi - Russian dance music [edit] Ki-Kp * Kikuyu pop * Kilapanda * Kinko * Kirtan * Kiwi rock * Kizomba * Klape - Dalmatian male choir music * Klasik * Klftiko * Klezmer * Kliningan * Kochare - Armenian folk dance * Kolomyjka * Komagaku * Konpa * Koumpaneia - Greek Gypsy music * Kpanlogo [edit] Kr-Kw * Krakowiak * Krautrock * Kriti (krithi) - a Hindu hymn * Kroncong - popular Indonesian music with strong Portuguese influence * Krump - upbeat and fast-paced with bass and clapping * Krzesany * Kuduro * Kulintang - Traditional gong-chime music of the Philippines, Eastern Indonesia, Eastern Malaysia, Brunei and Timor * Kulning - Swedish folk songs * Kumina - music (and religion) of the Bongo Nation of Jamaica * Kun-borrk * Kundere * Kundiman - traditional Filipino songs adapted to Western song structure * Kussund * Kutumba wake * Kvi * Kveding - traditional Norwegian songs * Kwaito * Kwassa kwassa * Kwela [edit] L La - Le-Lo - Lu [edit] La

* La la - Louisianan Creole music * Lambada * Latin pop - pop music that has what may be perceived a Latin American influence * Lavway * Liquid drum&bass [edit] Le-Lo * Le leagan * Legnyes - Hungarian-Transylvanian men's dance * Letkajenkka * Lhamo - form of Tibetan opera * Library Music - also known as stock music or production music * Lieder * Likanos * Light Music - 20th Century light orchestral music (mainly British) * Light Rock -also known as Soft Rock or AM Gold * Liquid Funk * Liquindi * Llanera - Venezuelan music * Llanto - a flamenco-influenced genre of Panamanian folk music * Lo-fi music * Logobi * Loki djili - traditional Hungarian Gypsy songs * Long-song - traditional Mongolian slow songs * Louisiana blues * Lounge music * Lovers rock * Lowercase [edit] Lu * Lu - unaccompanied Tibetan folk music * Lubbock Sound * Lucknavi thumri - a type of thumri from Lucknow * Luhya omutibo * Luk grung - Popular Thai music from the early 20th century * Lullaby * Lundu * Lundum * Lelio [edit] M Ma - Mb-Mg - Mi - Min-Mir - Mo-Mp - Mu * M-Base

[edit] Mad-Mam * Madchester (also known as Manchester) * Madrigal * Mafioso rap * Maglaal (tuuli) * Magnificat * Mahori - type of Thai classical music * Makossa * Makossa-soukous * Malagueas * Malawian jazz * Malhun * Maloya - traditional music from Runion * Maluf - evolved form of al-andalous classical music which developed in Constantine, Algeria * maluka * Mambo * Marinera - Dance of Per * Martial Industrial A mix of industrial and martial music. Similar to neo-classical and neo-folk. Usually very pro-Europe. [edit] Man-Map * Manaschi - Kyrgyz folk music made by travelling musicians also called manaschi * Mandarin pop - early Taiwanese pop sung in Mandarin and popular with young listeners * Manding swing * Mango * Mangue Bit - African style beat music style from Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil * Mangulina * Manikay * Manila sound - Early 1970s development in Pinoy rock which mixed Tagalog and English lyrics * Manouche * Manzuma * Mapouka * Mapouka-serr [edit] Mar-Maz * Marabi * Maracatu - African and Portuguese music popular around Recife, Brazil * Marga - Indian classical music * Mariachi - pop form of Son Jaliscience * Marimba * Marrabenta * Martial industrial * Maskanda - popularized Zulu-traditional music * Mass * Martinetes * Matamuerte * Mathcore * Math rock * Maxixe * Mazurka - Martinican Music

[edit] Mb-Mg * Mbalax * Mbaqanga (township jive) * Mbira (Chimurenga) * Mbube * Mbumba * Medh * Meditation * Medieval folk rock * Medieval metal * Medieval music * Mejorana * Melhoun * Melhn * Matt Bello * Melodic black metal * Melodic death metal * Melodic hardcore * Melodic metalcore * Melodic music * Melodic trance * Memphis blues * Memphis rap * Memphis soul * Mento * Merengue * Merengue tpico moderno * Merengue-bomba - Puerto Rican fusion of bomba and merengue * Mringue * Meringue * Merseybeat * Metal * Metalcore * Metallic hardcore * Mexican rock * Mexican son - a broad group of Mexican folk music * Meykhana * Mezwed [edit] Mia-Mil * Miami bass (booty bass) (Bass music) * Microhouse * Mini compas * Mini-jazz * Minuet * Milonga [edit] Min-Mit * Min'yo - Japanese folk music

* Mineras * Mini-jazz - Caribbean jazz * Minimalist music * Minimalist trance * Minimal techno * Minstrel show * Minneapolis sound * Mirolyia [edit] Mo-MP * Modinha * Modern classical music * Modern Laika * Modern Rock * Modinha * Mohabelo - neo-traditional music from South Africa and Lesotho * Mor lam - Laotian and Thai ensemble music for vocals with accompaniment * Mor lam sing - popular form of Laotian traditional music developed by Laotians in Thailand * Moombahton * Motorpop * Motown * Montuno * Monumental Dance * Morna * Mozambique * MPB (msica popular brasileira) - catch-all term for multiple varieties of Brazilian pop music [edit] Mu * Mugam - classical music of Azerbaijan, featuring sung poetry and instrumental passages * Multicultural - music that is infused with several different types of cultural and ethnic influences and sounds. * Murga - Uruguayan street carnival dance with heavy percussion, also popular in Argentina. * Musette * Mushroom Jazz * Music drama * Music Hall * Msica campesina - Cuban rural music * Msica criolla - a coastal Peruvian music from the early 20th century, consisting of a variety of Western fusions * Msica de la interior - indigenous folk music from Colombia * Msica llanera - harp-based form of folk music from Los Llanos, Colombia * Msica nordestina - Northeast Brazilian popular music, centered around Recife * Msica tropical - a form of Colombian salsa music * Musiqi-e assil - Persian classical music * Musique concrte (also known as electroacoustic music) * Mutuashi * Muwashshah * Muzak (or elevator music) N Na Ng

[edit] Na * Nagauta Japanese style of shamisen-playing * Nakasi Taiwanese musical form * Nangma Tibetan dance music * Nanguan Taiwanese instrumental music * Narcocorrido Spanish for "Drug ballad", this Mexican music's theme was equivalent to gangster rap * Nardcore Nardcore is a hardcore punk movement that came out of Southern California in the early 1980s * Narodna muzika Bosnian folk music * Nasheed a capella music closely related with Islamic revival in the 20th century * Nashville Sound pop-country music based out of Nashville, Tennessee * National Socialist Black Metal (NSBM) Nazi black metal * Naturalismo a term for the 2000s folk movement also referred to as New Weird America or Freak Folk * Nederpop popular music of the Netherlands, especially in the Dutch language * Neoclassical (Dark Wave) * Neoclassical (New Age) * Neoclassical music * Neo-classical metal * No kma * Neofolk a form of folk music that emerged from European ideals and post-industrial music * Neo-Medieval * Neo-prog * Neo-Psychedelia * Neo Soul (Nu Soul) late 1990s and early 2000s American fusion of contemporary R&B, 1970s style soul music, hip hop music, jazz, and classical music * Nerdcore * Neue Deutsche Hrte * Neue Deutsche Welle a kind of German New Wave music * New Age music numerous varieties of music associated with New Age spirituality and culture, especially including atmospheric and natural sounds * New Beat a downtempo music style from Belgium, contemporary to Chicago House and Detroit Techno. * New Instrumental * New Jack Swing (New Jack R&B, Swingbeat) late 1980s and early 1990s American fusion of hip hop music, R&B, doo wop and soul music * New Orleans blues piano and horn-heavy blues from the city of New Orleans, Louisiana * New Orleans jazz * New Pop * New prog * New Rave * New Romantic popular British New Wave from the early 1980s * New school hip hop generic term for hip hop music recorded after about 1989 * New Taiwanese Song modern Taiwanese pop music which combines ballads, rock and roll and hip hop * New Wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) mid- to late 1970s heavy metal coming out of the United Kingdom * New Wave melodious pop outgrowth of arty punk rock, also used as description of an emerging sound in any genre (e.g. Alpine New Wave) * New Wave of New Wave

* New Weird America term to defining emerging folk/psychedelia/drone/noize influenced by prewar country-folk-blues & 1960s counter cultural underground music. * New York blues jazzy, urban blues from the early 20th century * New York House (also known as US Garage) * Newgrass progressive bluegrass [edit] Ng * Nganja * Niche sub-genre of UK Garage and Bassline House, name derived from the club in Sheffield, that first started putting on regular bassline nights * Nintendocore * Nisitika folk songs of the Greek islands * No Wave avant-garde late 1970s outgrowth of New Wave and punk rock * Noh highly-stylized Japanese theater and music style * Noise music * Noise pop experimental 1990s outgrowth of punk * Noise rock atonal punk rock from the 1980s * Nongak Korean folk music played by 20-30 performers on different kinds of percussion instruments * Norae Undong Korean rock music with socially aware lyrics * Nordic folk music o Nordic folk dance music * Nortec electronic style from Tijuana, Mexico * Norteo (Tex-Mex) Modernized corridos pop music of Mexico * Northern Soul late 1960s variety of soul music from northern England * Nota * Nu breaks * Nu jazz fusion of late 1990s jazz and electronic music * Nu metal fusion of heavy metal music with genres such as hip hop, funk, grunge and electronic music * Nu soul (neo soul) popular fusion of hip hop music and soul music * Nueva cancin Chilean pop-folk music which influenced by native Chilean and Bolivian forms * Nyatiti- a Kenyan song for the Luo community. [edit] O * Obscuro * Oi! 1980s style of British punk rock * Old school hip hop generic term for hip hop music recorded before approximately 1989 * Old-time archaic term for many different styles that were an outgrowth of Appalachian folk music and fed into country music * Oldies * Olonkho Yakut epic songs * Oltului * Ondo * Opera theatrical performances in which all or most dialogue is sung with musical accompaniment * Operatic Pop subgenre of pop music that is performed in a classical operatic style (also referred to as "Popera") * Oratorio similar to opera but without scenery, costumes or acting * Orchestra a large ensemble, especially one used to played European classical music

* Organ trio a style of jazz from the 1960s that blended blues and jazz (and later "soul jazz") and which was based around the sound of the Hammond organ * Organic ambient often acoustic ambient music which uses instruments and styles borrowed from world music * Organum Middle Ages polyphonic music * Oriental metal a subgenre of folk metal that incorporates elements of traditional Middle Eastern music. * Orgel (Organ Orgue) keyboard instrument with/without pedals * Ottava rima Italian rhyming stanzas * Outlaw country late 1960s and 70s form of country music with a hard-edged sound and rebellious lyrics * Outsider music generic term for music performed by outsiders [edit] P Pa Pi Po Pr * P-Funk 1970s fusion of funk, heavy metal and psychedelic rock, most closely associated with the bands Funkadelic and Parliament, who shared many members collectively known as P-Funk [edit] Pa * Pagan metal * Pagan rock * Pagode Brazilian style of music which originated in the Rio de Janeiro region * Paisley Underground 1980s style of alternative rock that drew heavily on psychedelia * Palm wine fusion of numerous West African, Latin American and European genres, popular throughout coastal West Africa in the 20th century * Panambih tembang sunda that uses metered poetry * Panchai baja Nepalese wedding music * Panchavadyam Temple music from Kerala, India * Pansori Korean folk music played by a singer and a drummer * Paranda Garifuna form of music * Parranda Afro-Venezuelan form of music * Parody humorous renditions of various songs * Patriotic * Pambiche (Merengue estilo yanqui) * Paranda Garifuna music of Belize * Parang Trinidadian Christmas carols * Partido alto * Pasillo * Psychobilly Punk rock and country * Peace Punk * Pelimanni music Finnish folk dance music * Petenera * Peyote Song a mixture of gospel and traditional Native American music * Philadelphia soul soft 1970s soul that came out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [edit] Pi * Piano blues * Piano rock * Pimba Origin: Portugal.

* Piedmont blues * Pinoy rock rock and roll sung in Tagalog from the Philippines * Pinpeat orchestra * Piphat ancient form of Thai classical ensemble * Piyyutim * Plainchant (Gregorian chant) * Plena * Pleng phua cheewit Thai protest rock * Pleng Thai sakorn a Thai interpretation of Western classical music [edit] Po * Polka * Polo * Polonaise * Pols Danish fiddle and accordion dance music * Polska * Pong lang * Pop folk * Pop music * Pop punk * Pop rap * Pop rock * Pop sunda Sundanese mixture of gamelan degung and pop music structures * Pornocore * Porro Colombian big band music * Post-disco * Post-grunge * Post-hardcore- Slite mixture of Hardcore and Punk rock * Post-industrial * Post-metal * Post-minimalism * Post-punk * Post-rock * Post-romanticism * Power electronics * Power metal * Power noise (or rhythmic noise) * Power pop * Powerviolence (also known as power violence) * Pow-wow Native American dance music * Ppongtchak Korean pop music developed during the Japanese occupation [edit] Pr * Praise song * Program symphony * Progressive electronic music * Progressive folk music * Progressive house * Progressive metal * Progressive bluegrass * Progressive rock

* Progressive trance * Protopunk * Psychedelic music * Psych folk or Psychedelic folk * Psychedelic rock * Psychedelic trance (Psy-trance) * Psychobilly * Punk blues a US music genre that developed in the 1980s, which mixes elements of blues with the aggressive sound of punk. * Punk Cabaret a fusion of musical theater and cabaret style music with the aggressive, raw nature of punk rock. * Punk jazz * Punk rock * Punta * Punta rock 1970s Belizean music [edit] Q * Quan ho Vietnamese vocal music which originated in the Red River Delta * Qasidah Epic religious poetry accompanied by percussion and chanting * Qasidah modern Qasidah updated for mainstream audiences * Qawwali Sufi religious music updated for mainstream audiences, was originated in India * Quadrille * Queercore * Quiet Storm [edit] R Ra Rh [edit] Ra * Rada * Raga rock Swiss soul, rock and Indian music fusion * Raga * Raggamuffin (Ragga) * Ragga Jungle * Ragtime * Rai Algerian folk music now developed into a popular style * Raicore * Ra'n'B * Rake-and-scrape Bahamanian instrumental music * Ramkbach * Ramvong * Ranchera pop mariachi from 1950s film soundtracks * Rap * Rara * Rare groove * Rasiya * Rave * Rebetiko * Red Dirt (music) * reel * Reggae

* Reggae dancehall (see Dancehall) * Reggae fusion * Reggae highlife * Reggaeton * Rekilaulu Finnish rhyming sleigh songs * Relax Music * Religious * Rembetiko * Renaissance music * Requiem [edit] Rh * Rhapsody * Rhyming spiritual Bahamanian hymns * Rhythm and blues (R&B) * Rhythmic noise (or power noise) * Ricercar * Rmur Icelandic heroic epic songs * Riot grrrl * Rock * Rock opera * Rock and roll * Rock en espaol * Rockabilly * Rocksteady * Rococo * Romantic period in music * Rondeaux * Ronggeng a folk music from Malacca, Malaysia * Roots reggae * Roots rock * Roots rock reggae * Rumba o African Rumba o Cuban Rumba (yambu, columbia, and guaguanco) o Flamenco Rumba also known as Gypsy rumba S Sa - Sc - Si - So - St - Sy [edit] Sa * Sabar - drumming style found in Senegal * Sacred Harp * Sadcore * Saibara * Salegy * Salsa - fusion of multiple Cuban- and Puerto Rican-derived pop genres from immigrants in New York City * Salsa erotica - lyrically explicit form of salsa romantica * Salsa romantica - a soft, romantic form of salsa music * Saltarello * Samba - form of Brazilian popular music

* Samba-cano - traditional samba in slow tempo and with romantic lyrics. influenced by bolero * Samba-reggae - a genre of samba with a choppy, reggae-like rhythm. * Samba-rock * Sambai * Sanjo - Korean instrumental folk music * Sato kagura * Sawt - urban music from Kuwait and Bahrain * Saya - Bolivian music derived from African rhythms [edit] Sc * Schlager * Schottisch * Schranz * Scottish Baroque music * Screamo * Scrumpy and Western - folk music from West Country of England * Sea shanty * Sean ns - Sean-ns singing style of Ireland * Second Viennese School * Sega music * Seggae * Seis * Semba * Sephardic music * Serialism * Set dance * Sevdalinka - Bosnian urban popular music * Sevillana * Shabab * Shabad * Shalako - Armenian folk dance * Shan'ge - Taiwanese Hakka mountain songs * Shango * Shape note * Shibuya-kei * Shidaiqu - Hong Kong-based form of traditional music updated for pop audiences and sung in Mandarin * Shima uta - a form of Okinawan dance music * Shock rock * Shoegaze - British pop * Shoka - Japanese songs written during the Meiji Restoration to bring Western music to Japanese schools * Shomyo - Japanese Buddhist chanting * Show tune [edit] Si * Sica * Siguiriyas * Silat - Malaysian mixture of music, dance and martial arts * Sinawi - Korean religious music meant for dancing; it is improvised and reminiscent of jazz * Singer-songwriter

* Situational * Ska * Ska punk * Skacore (third wave of ska) * Skald * Skate punk * Skiffle * Slack-key guitar (kihoalu) - Hawaiian form invented by retuning open strings on a guitar * Slngpolska * Slide * Slowcore * Sludge metal * Smooth jazz [edit] So * Soca * Soft rock * Son-bat (bat rock) * Son montuno - Cuban folk music * Sonata * Songo - a mixture of changu and son montuno * Songo-salsa - a mixture of songo, hip hop and salsa * Sophisti-pop * Soukous * Soul blues * Soul jazz * Soul music * Soundtrack * Southern Gospel * Southern Harmony * Southern hip hop * Southern metal * Southern rock * Southern soul * Space age pop * Space music * Space rock * Spectralism * Speedcore * Speed garage * Speed metal * Spirituals * Spouge - Barbadian folk music * Sprechgesang * Square dance [edit] St * St. Louis blues * Steelband * Stoner metal * Stoner rock

* Straight edge * Strathspeys * Stride * String - 1980s Thai pop music * String quartet * Sufi music * Suite * Sunshine pop * Suomirock * Super Eurobeat * Surf ballads * Surf instrumental * Surf music * Surf pop * Surf rock * Swamp blues * Swamp pop * Swamp rock * Swingbeat (New Jack Swing, New Jack R&B) * Swing music [edit] Sy * Sygyt - type of xoomii (Tuva throat singing), likened to the sound of whistling * Symphonic black metal * Symphonic metal * Symphonic poem * Symphonic rock * Symphony * Synthpop * Synthpunk [edit] T * Taarab * Tai tu - Vietnamese chamber music * Taiwanese pop - early Taiwanese pop music influenced by enka and popular with older listeners * Tala - a rhythmic pattern in Indian classical music * Talempong - a distinct Minangkabau gamelan music * Tambu * Tamburitza * Tamil Christian keerthanai - Christian devotional lyrics in Tamil * Tnchz - Hungarian dance music * Tango - Argentine popular music that spread internationally in the 1920s * Tanguk - a form of Korean court music that includes elements of Chinese music * Tappa * Tarana - form of vocal music from northern India using highly rhythmic nonsense syllables * Tarantella * Taranto * Tech Beat * Tech House * Tech Trance * Technical death metal

* Technical metal * Techno * Technoid * Technopop - Japanese-language electropop / synthpop * Techstep * Techtonik * Teen pop * Tejano music or "Tex-Mex", sometimes confused with norteo * Tekno * Tembang sunda - Sundanese sung free verse poetry * Texas blues * Theme music * Thillana - form of vocal music from South India using highly rhythmic nonsense syllables * Thrashcore * Thrash metal * Thumri - a type of popular Hindustani vocal music * Tibetan pop - pop music heavily influenced by Chinese forms, emerging in the 1980s * Tientos * Timbila - form of folk music in Mozambique * Tin Pan Alley * Tinga * Tinku - traditional music and dance from Potosi Bolivia * Toeshey - Tibetan dance music * Togaku * T'ong guitar - acoustic guitar pop music of Korea * Traditional pop music * Trallalero - Genoese urban songs * Trance * Tribal house * Trikitixa - Basque accordion music * Trip-hop * Trip rock * Tropicalia * Tropipop * Truck-driving country * Tumba * Turbo-folk - aggressive form of modernized Serbian music * Turkish Music * Turntablism * Tuvan throat-singing * Twee pop * Twist (also a dance style, early 1960s) * Two tone (second wave of ska) [edit] U * UK garage * UK pub rock * Unblack metal (also known as Christian black metal) * Underground music * Uplifting Trance * Urban Cowboy * Urban Folk

* Urban jazz [edit] V * Vallenato - accordion-based Colombian folk music * Vaudeville * Verbunkos - Hungarian folk music * Verismo * Video game music - Melodic music as defined by its media. * Viking metal * Villanella - 16th century Neapolitan songs * Virelais * Visual Kei * Visual music * Vocal house * Vocal jazz * Vocal music * Volksmusik [edit] W * Waila (chicken scratch) - a Tohono O'odham fusion of polka, norteo and Native American music * Waltz * Wangga - Australian aboriginal music genre * Warabe uta * Wassoulou * Were music * West Coast hip hop is a hip hop music subgenre that encompasses any artists or music which originates in the westernmost region of the United States * Western blues * Western swing * Witch house * Wizard rock * Women's music or womyn's music, wimmin's music--1970s lesbian/feminist * Wong shadow - 1960s Thai pop music * Work song * Wood Sounds of organic synthesis recorded on organic medium such as tape. * Worldbeat * World music * World fusion music [edit] X * Xoomii (khoomii, hoomii) - a type of Tuvan throat singing * Xhosa music [edit] Y * Y-y * Yo-pop * Yodeling * Yukar

[edit] Z * Zajal * Zapin - derived from ancient Arabic music, zapin is popular throughout Malaysia * Zarzuela - a form of Spanish operetta * Zeuhl * Zeibekiko - Greek Dance 9/8 Rytmus * Zef - South African music based in both rap & rave * Ziglibithy * Zouglou * Zouk - French Caribbean (Guadeloupean) dance music * Zouk chouv * Zouklove - Guadeloupean Music * Zulu music * Zydeco - popular Louisianan Creole music

LIST OF BLOOD GROUPS

1. O Positive 2. O Negative 3. A Positive 4. A Negative 5. B Positive 6. B Negative 7. AB Positive 8. AB Negative Few important points about the blood group compatibility are mentioned below 1. People having AB can receive blood from any group but can donate only to another AB individual 2. People having A can receive blood only from individuals of groups A or O and they can donate only to individuals with type A or AB. 3. People having B can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O and they can donate only to individuals with type B or AB. 4. People having O can receive blood only from a group O individual, but can donate to individuals of A,B,AB and O group. 5. A person having AB + can receive blood from anybody, while a person having O negative can receive only from O negative individual.

BEST 10 ANIMAL MOVIES

10. Dr. Dolittle (1998) In this family-friendly remake, Eddie Murphy plays a doctor who can talk to animals and, boy, do they talk back! From rats to racehorses, the good doctor is called upon for more medical advice than he can handle. Featuring an all-star chorus of voice talent (including Chris Rock, John Leguizamo, Norm MacDonald, Albert Brooks, Gary Shandling and Ellen DeGeneres), The New York Times says, "This wild and woolly free-for-all is your prescription for hilarious hijinks and mischievous fun!" We couldnt agree more. 9. That Darn Cat! (1965)

Cat lovers, this one is for you. This kitschy classic stars a mischievous Siamese whose new collar unwittingly makes her the prime informant in a kidnapping case. Hayley Mills plays the kitty's dedicated owner, and proves to be a charming would-be sleuth who aims to help the FBI agent on the case. Wouldn't you know it, he's allergic to cats. Complete with jealous boyfriends and nosy neighbors, it';s screwball hilarity at its best. Fun like this never goes out of style. 8. Free Willy (1993) The tagline says it all: "A 12-year-old street kid. A three-ton Orca whale. A friendship you could never imagine. An adventure you'll never forget." And what's not to love? Lessons abound, from family to friendship to gorgeous creatures of the deep both onscreen and off. The huge international success of this movie inspired a letter writing campaign to free the real Willy (Keiko) from captivity in an amusement park in Mexico City. He was eventually released near Norway. The movie remains a top family feature, and along with its two sequels is now available in a three-DVD box set. 7. Eight Below (2006) When youre not mesmerized by the panoramic views of glaciers and northern lights, your heart will be rooting for the dogs who steal the show from the start. That's what puts this movie on our list. Based on a true account of a 1958 Antarctic expedition gone wrong, Eight Below tells the story of a devoted dog-sled guide, Jerry (played by the handsome Paul Walker), who is forced to leave behind his beloved team of eight dogs due to extreme weather conditions. The dogs are left to fend for themselves in the snowy wilderness for nearly six months. From here, its about adventure, courage, determination and ultimately a rescue. Honorable mention in the adventure category: Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey (1993) 6. The Jungle Book (1994) "Born of man, raised by animals, destined for adventure." The movies tagline sums it up! In this liveaction version of Rudyard Kiplings classic, a strapping Jason Scott Lee plays Mowgli, a young man raised by wolves after his parents were killed by a tiger. It's packed with vine-swinging adventure with friends Baloo the bear and Bagheera the panther. That is, until Mowgli becomes enchanted with an Englishwoman visiting on safari. Its a fish-out-of-water story when he follows her to the city and "civilization." It turns out that polite society may have more in common with the jungle than anyone ever thought. Honorable mention for wild animals at their best: Swiss Family Robinson (1960) 5. The Yearling (1946) Its old-fashioned. It's charming. And it stars Gregory Peck. Ta da! The oldest movie and the only one on our list based on a Pulitzer Prize-winning book, this is the story of a small family struggling to make a life in Florida just after the Civil War. These are tough times but comfort comes to 11-year-old Jody, an only child who yearns for a pet to love, in the form of an orphaned fawn. The two become inseparable but as the deer grows, a heartbreaking choice becomes inevitable. Like other family-onthe-farm movies of its time, the story ends sadly; however, the pleasure is in the grace, kindness and diligence that the family conducts displays every day. They may not have had running water, but they sure had good manners. 4. Fly Away Home (1996)

Sometimes a "family movie" is actually a good movie, and this is one of those gems. Starring Academy Award Winner Anna Paquin as a suddenly motherless 13-year-old who is relocated to Canada to live with her bohemian dad (Jeff Daniels), its a metaphor for losing your way and trusting someone to help you find it again. For its sweeping vistas of sun-kissed farmland, dappled marshes and sunny skies, you'll like this movie. But the moment Amy's dad teaches her to fly an ultralight in order to guide a flock of orphaned geese south for the winter, you'll fall in love. Best of all, the movie is based on a true story; the movie raised awareness of wetland preservation, plus revenue earned from the film helped fund even more migratory projects. 3. Babe (1995) Its a challenge not to like a movie thats both adorable and poignant at the same time. That's just what this story is -- and why it ranks so high on our list. The star of this show is a young pig named Babe who finds himself alone in an English barnyard. But that's where the fun begins. Hes embraced by Farmer Hoggett and defies the odds not to mention everyone's expectations by learning to be an award-winning sheep dog. Performances are wonderful, by man, pig and sheep alike. About 500 live animal actors were used, then blended with stunning animatronics. Thanks to the Jim Henson Creature Factory, the film won an Academy Award in 1995 for "Best Visual Effects." Described by critics as "a humorous look at the limitations and lunacy of a preordained society," its a refreshing message about breaking down barriers and accomplishing anything you want. Honorable mention: Charlotte's Web (2006) 2. The Black Stallion (1979) If you saw this movie as a kid, youll love it now as much as you did back then. Adapted from the children's book by Walter Farley, this exquisitely filmed family classic tells the story of Alec, a young boy who survives a shipwreck and befriends an Arabian stallion on a deserted island. When they return home, the unlikely duo finds success as a jockey and thunderbolt of a racehorse, coached by a washed-up trainer played by Mickey Rooney, who won an Oscar for "Best Actor in a Supporting Role" as a result. The story is great, but the cinematography steals the show. This film has been called "a visual feast from start to finish." If you dont love the breathtaking island scenes, your heart will pound when you root for the "Mystery Horse" in the racing sequences. Honorable mentions: Flicka (2006) for the sheer number of scenes including horses; National Velvet (1944) starring a young Elizabeth Taylor and bonus Mickey Rooney sighting. 1. Old Yeller (1957) It's not hip but even after 50 years, Old Yeller is still "the best doggone dog in the West." Thats what earns it the top spot in our countdown. It's a simple story of a poor family living on the Texas frontier in the 1860s, but told through a charming 1950s sensibility. The father is away at work. The two boys banter, but mind their mother. And above all, everyone works hard. But the heart of the story is the adorable love affair between Travis, the oldest son, and his beloved yellow dog. The two see each other through thick and thin, until ultimately Travis must make a heartwrenching decision. It's not a happy ending, but there's something magical about this movie that makes it worth it after all.

20 BEST MYSTERY MOVIES

1.

Trailer Rear Window (1954) Rear Window (1954) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.31/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Thriller MPAA rating: PG Director: Alfred Hitchcock Actors: James Stewart, Grace Kelly, Wendell Corey Plot: A man confined to a wheel chair (James Stewart), has nothing to do except spy on his neighbors. As time goes on, he is convinced they have committed murder. 2.

Trailer Memento (2001) Memento (2001) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.18/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery MPAA rating: R Director: Christopher Nolan Actors: Guy Pearce, Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano Plot: A man who has no long term memory tries to piece together his life and finds things are not as they seem. 3.

Trailer North by Northwest (1959) North by Northwest (1959) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.25/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Thriller MPAA rating: PG Director: Alfred Hitchcock Actors: Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint, James Mason Plot: A advertising exec is chased cross country while he tries to clear his name in a government mistake. In the end, he can't tell who is on his side. 4.

Trailer Inception (2010) Inception (2010) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.36/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Action/Mystery MPAA rating: PG-13 Director: Christopher Nolan Actors: Leonardo DiCaprio, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Ellen Page Plot: Dom Cobb is the best at what he does: he enters peoples minds in the dream state and steals the valuable assets hidden inside the mind. This has made him incredibly popular in corporate espionage, but at the expense of having an semblance of a normal life. Now Cobb is given one last job

- not to steal, but plant an idea, if he succeeds, he just may escape the game forever, but first he must succeed. 5.

Trailer Maltese Falcon, The (1941) Maltese Falcon, The (1941) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.16/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Crime MPAA rating: NR Director: John Huston Actors: Humphrey Bogart, Peter Lorre, Mary Astor Plot: A private detective gets mixed up in a hunt for a valuable item. As he searches for the loot, plot points are exposed. 6.

Trailer The Green Mile (1999) The Green Mile (1999) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.29/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Drama/Mystery MPAA rating: R Director: Frank Darabont

Actors: Tom Hanks, Michael Clarke Duncan, David Morse Plot: A wrongly convicted man sits on death row while the officers who guard him interact with him and his powers. 7.

Trailer The Usual Suspects (1995) The Usual Suspects (1995) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.25/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Thriller MPAA rating: R Director: Bryan Singer Actors: Stephen Baldwin, Kevin Spacey, Benicio Del Toro Plot: Five men are hauled into a New York jail for separate crimes but end up working together. The police are trying to get to the bottom of who blew up a boat and killed almost all of the passengers, but will they find out in time to arrest the right man? 8.

Trailer Psycho (1960) Psycho (1960) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.29/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Horror/Mystery

MPAA rating: R Director: Alfred Hitchcock Actors: Janet Leigh, Anthony Perkins, Vera Miles Plot: A woman goes missing after stealing money from her boss?s client. The last place she was seen was at the Bates motel, run by a young, intriguing man. 9. Vertigo (1958) Vertigo (1958) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.18/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Thriller MPAA rating: PG Director: Alfred Hitchcock Actors: James Stewart, Kim Novak, Barbara Bel Geddes Plot: A man with Vertigo investigates his old friend's wife to discover that she may be the cause of his vertigo. 10.

Trailer Prestige, The (2006) Prestige, The (2006) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.12/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Thriller MPAA rating: PG-13

Director: Christopher Nolan Actors: Christian Bale, Hugh Jackman, Michael Caine Plot: Two rival magicians try to decode each others magic tricks when one of them develops the ultimate trick and the other tries endlessly to discover the secret.

Top Mystery Movies, Best Mystery Movies The Top Mystery Movies are calculated by overall movie ratings and members' "Top Mystery List" (calculated daily). Best Mystery Movies of all time are shown below.

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Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... Next Rank Movie Name Your Rating Overall 11.

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Trailer Citizen Kane (1941) Citizen Kane (1941) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.27/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Drama/Mystery MPAA rating: PG Director: Orson Welles Actors: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Dorothy Comingore Plot: A news conglomerate leader dies, leaving behind a mystery about his life, and how he became the man he was. News reporters interview his acquaintances to find some kind of resolution. 12.

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Chinatown (1974) Chinatown (1974) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.15/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Crime MPAA rating: R Director: Roman Polanski Actors: Jack Nicholson, Faye Dunaway, John Huston Plot: A private detective, who is investigating an affair, finds himself in the middle of a water problem. 13.

Trailer L.A. Confidential (1997) L.A. Confidential (1997) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.13/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Crime MPAA rating: R Director: Curtis Hanson Actors: Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce, Kevin Spacey Plot: A rookie "do good" cop investigates murders and corruption in LA, while other cops do the same, trying to figure out the shooter and the corruption. 14.

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Sunset Boulevard (1950) Sunset Boulevard (1950) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.21/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Drama MPAA rating: NR Director: Billy Wilder Actors: William Holden, Gloria Swanson, Nancy Olson Plot: A screenwriter is desperate for a job, when he finds himself in front of a legendary silent film era movie star. He writes script for her, but will it be good enough to make him famous? Or does he even want to be famous? 15.

Trailer Dial M for Murder (1954) Dial M for Murder (1954) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.18/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Thriller MPAA rating: PG Director: Alfred Hitchcock Actors: Ray Milland, Grace Kelly, Robert Cummings Plot: A man develops the perfect plan to kill his wife. When it fails, he is left with his alternate plan... 16.

Trailer Shutter Island (2010) Shutter Island (2010) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.10/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Drama/Mystery MPAA rating: R Director: Martin Scorsese Actors: Leonardo DiCaprio, Mark Ruffalo, Ben Kingsley Plot: US Marshal Teddy Daniels is sent to Boston's Shutter Island Ashecliffe Hospital to investigate a patient's disappearance. Long seeking to get to the island for personal reasons, his promising investigation is halted by the hospital blocking records. With a twisted doctor running things, and a hurricane looming, Daniels soon begins to question the real reason why he's there. 17.

Trailer The Third Man (1949) The Third Man (1949) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.18/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Mystery/Thriller MPAA rating: PG Director: Carol Reed Actors: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Trevor Howard Plot: Supposedly, Harry Lime has died in a car accident. Previously he had invited one of his closest friends to join him. His friend now must find out if the story is true and the mystery behind it.

18.

Trailer In the Heat of the Night (1967) In the Heat of the Night (1967) * * This movie sucked donkey balls * This movie was horrible * This movie was not good * This movie was just so-so * This movie was okay * This movie was good * This movie was awesome * This movie kicked ass 3.18/4 Add to movie list

Language: English Genre: Drama/Mystery MPAA rating: PG Director: Norman Jewison Actors: Sidney Poitier, Rod Steiger, Warren Oates Plot: A black man is sent to investigate a murder in a racist southern state, where is met with racism, bigotry, and scrutiny. 19. The Big Lebowski (1998) Director: Joel Coen Actors: Jeff Bridges, Julianne Moore, Steve Buscemi Plot: A slob of a man with the same name as a more wealthier person is mistaken and has his rug taken from him. With the help of his lazy friends, he tries to get his rug back. 20.Rope (1948) Director: Alfred Hitchcock Actors: James Stewart, John Dall, Cedric Hardwicke Plot: A group of men strangle one of their friends and hide him in a closet, then invite guest over to test how well they committed the crime - think they had achieved the perfect crime.