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v2wyx{z}|D~x
&9Ga&GM99FabG2FF2{_2Fbn9nOG290
&
nMnnPAtF9nFFFFA^FF9FGMG9dbF99
P)MtDPOFGa/2nMn&FF0nFGnnD^n
nMnn[FOFF9Pn:nnnnn
PO9a/9aGtF/A/AFnM}{TFF2^0{AFnM9/n
&
FF/n//9aF2OOAFG&G
&nn9Gn99Mn999
FMTdFPGM99FqTn/nTFFnntsnGT{90{nn2G
n9nOA^99}G9aFGF9AGnnnPO
EO&d90{^FF99FnA9
On9yt {F 99Ty&[yntOFGnPMt/nAnEtA[GdOD
anG GnMFn F F n nn G/ M On
/n[DFn9Dnn
On9yt {F 992_E&EnOFdPMEtEPAnn^GGMFnME
Gn)G)n EG)na^ nn [GPnDF[n9)[nn
On9yt {F 992_E&EnOFdPMEtEPAnn^GGMFnME
sn : [ P n G
nLnGn Dn n
F9
On9yt {F 99^T_&Tnnd )Gn n : [ P

G )nGnnF
TAOn9t 2F {99
nnnnn
~
x)xx
Onp9F9aF99At[D9M)PMOGM9n99
F9FaG02GMMA {9tFFnFGn{:n9{ nP

nn
lO0//FF9^Pt9F2nnO9MPtG}9&F99n90OF
A^F:n}AG{G
E9F:AFn9 FDFF/nFn 2 "! $#
n nMn09/T99s&)F{G% n9FF9:P9{9Gt9

G tM99F2'&F nFF/nbF{2{G/n99F2EG/9Fn
OG/n}9ÔFnFG9GD
aO99GnG9nF9MMaGb9_n9t
9n tF }F F9nF)(/ GFF,n GD2nn

9F ! FO^n}G+*
nLAAtttO :9nnDdn !
tnn'
(/FG&D)9nF9 }&}nGO9G nn nFO
n
OGFnt
D9nTnF n},(PnFb2M n9}nnEOFF0n&F

b'
AAAnMAGM9MO9M&G
En'OGn{:29aF}F9/P9{9GM9PL nqAFP {
F9{nMnGOFF]Pn90n9n.- ]An9A /
FnG
%0 1w|D~2
nFaF99/{ynFFOFFnn}tGnt
9n99
&
9&G9n99
AOEnnFtGA{9Mn0n9)F AFnAnT
nn/nn_nGa9{Ft9MF99^n}FF:OOnaG 30Fn
FtF9tTAG9GF9FnÂPG 4FF^2FM^%
5GMF2 6
An9qF999FFMAGn9FGt9n9FG
G}9FMnOF9MGFnEA/9n92TG2O9tFn9FaGAF9AAO9MGFn
9q227 3aF/aFnFF]GF0nFF9
^GFFnAAGtGF9a9:}FAO:9/GtGnF2EFF
&
G9tFtMF[99FFAGF}q{99F{9FtAGaFFG9{F9OOF9}F
n^FGFF G/}y&Gan9FF2^n}2G
FFGnF{9
GnF

MMFMFG2GGFO9LFtnPd{FFAGtAG
GFn}9FFM9Ftn999M /nÊF_n7 8_9D
}{n9FF/n2GttGA/9Fn
nG:9{2{GP^
^F}y&GFEnMF9}FnL9nnnMF9Ft&0MFnF
n_F
atGt{9_n9A:AGadaG}:&nGn9{FFn&
GF}:OFnFF nFOAGa29
n}yt9D^n99 8
FFOF}F
M
M9DOA29^9tF9FL&:9F{AGaG
9tnFFG99Fa9q:
nA2 #F
[MFFFnFE^099{nnG0n}0999n9nqF9TFF
9n9An} n99Fn:EM9Ftd9M;#FnEFFt9FO9
AanMFF9FF9TGF29q:{9F2//n/9909t{M
At9}9tFFF2P99{
2)
Fn9&AGGMn9EGFa90nG}FFG{9nF9
&
MGtGFMFFFMAGaF99b tO9na9t9
F9Ga2Ft9OAn29F9F&G2O9[
<2| 0 x= z?>@ yxA

B:CD=EGFGHJIj
KMLNOMPQ'RSNTUPLVV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1V
nF&AFFG9nF9FVAV1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1VF
nW
2A{tnqnA{G2FnMAEGd9)
V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V
nMtn=
V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1Vn
B:CD=EGFGHJIYX
F?Z\[P]OM^`_aP\ObOM[cS2TdbTeN1fgNTUPLhOM[ifSNTUPLj'VMVV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1Vlk
m nG}F9nVVMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V
MbFqFF
V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VF
MAF0{lF9D
V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V2o
2A2F99TGF=
V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1Vo
M {F2naF999'
VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V
q ptAFFÊr 8_9FGnFAGna999M"
V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1Vn
q p[m
-D1 sAFm
V;V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1VFn
q p[?
-DAMFDAFFF9F\ V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V9
q p[MAqF2 VV1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V
q p[q pt_nFGFaEAGJ
V9V1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VF1 p
MAFFÊAtM9Ft^999qc V1V1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V
MAFFAOF9$
VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V9
7 oMAW
^9nq)F"
V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1Vn
Mtn
V1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1Vn
B:CD=EGFGHJI
tb'Z\[cOTdSfu"v\OPgwxNZywTUNZzSfb{TduduefOTUN;^)[|}[gSN'VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VlX
m nG}F9DV1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1V2o
W
2t{9/n9_n9?
V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1VF2 o
MMT9n9?
VMV1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1Vn
q pttn
V1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1Vn
B:CD=EGFGHJI~
OMPgw@NZP_mL\[[cQue[f\LQ)b{uUfgN1[2jZ\fb[cQbO[gS2Tdb{TUN1fgN1[gj{VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1Vk
pm nG}F9DV1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1Vn
pMAFtAFFMA$V9V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V2o
pMAFtA2AGWV;V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VFn
pqptl9aO"G}GG9{9VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMVn
pP299Gttn}@V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1VMp
B:CD=EGFGHJIY
OMPgw@NZ`TL)+RuUNTSPbPL][LNj^{j1N1[+jmV1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V2~
m nG}F9DV1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1V2pio
MAMnMF:9F^9MAAGann
V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1Vpio
P9FtnGTA
V1V1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1Vdp
q pM9Ftn2FFMAG?
V9V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VVFn
q p[m
9FFG99/n"
VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1Vn
q p[MA29 8
FFAEnn}m
VV1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1VGn
q p[MA29 8
FFAE9 F/F9F}
VVV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1Vn
P9Ftn29PAGx
V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1Vn
m
9FFG99/n"
VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V
MA29 8
FFAEnn}nn9 F/F9F}
VVMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V
W
2{92GFa9@
[
V9V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VGn
7 oMtn
V1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V2 o
B:CD=EGFGHJIYk
BGfbTuduUfOATUN9^.f\LQv]OMPgw@NZ`TL)L\PLTdQ[fuJ+RueNTdSPbPL][LN=j1^{jN1[+jVlVMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1Vak
m nG}F9DV1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1Vn
?
(s}AMa9 8
FFAT999M V1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1Vn
?
(s}AMa9 8
FFAn999q] V1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMVaon
q pM9Ftn2n:9/999M$
V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V2on
q p[2OOq{92999M'
V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1on
q p[P 9/999M V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1Vaon
MbFF9/AGAGnn9 8
FF9 V9V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1Vop
29FF{
VV1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V;on
ME9/n}9FFJ
V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V2o2o
MAFFtn9FF{
VMV1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VVlon
Mtn
V1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VMV1V1V1V1VV1V1V1V1VV1Von
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(a) 600oC
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20000
4000
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1.0e-06
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1.0e-08
4.0e-08
1.0e-08
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0.0e+00
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2.0e+05
1.0e-07
(c) 700oC
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(b) 650oC
(a) 600oC
thickness / m
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2.0e-08
2.0e-08
10000
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20000
4000
8000
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5.0e-08
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20000
4000
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o
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0.00
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1e+17
1e+16
600oC
650oC
o
700 C
750oC
1e+15
1e+14
1e+02
1e+06
1e+10
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1e+14
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