USGS2008 Africa RSS

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study
2008 Africa Remote Sensing Study

Aerial and Spaceborne Ten-Year Trends
USGS 2008-2018 Africa Remote Sensing Study
Prepared By:
6801 Brecksville Road, Ste 206 Global Marketing Insights, Inc. Independence, Ohio 44131 6801 Brecksville Road, Ste 206 Phone: 216-525-0600 Cleveland, Ohio 44131 Phone: 216-525-0600 Fax: 216-525-0600 Fax: 216-525-0600 www.globalinsights.com
www.globalinsights.com
Prepared By:
PDFs available at Global Marketing Insights, Inc. website. For information concerning the study please contact Global Marketing 2005, 2007 Global Marketing Insights, Inc. Remote Sensing Data 1 Insights, Inc. at the above number or email info@globalinsights.com www.globalinsights.com February 2009
Acknowledgements
Global Marketing Insights, Inc. would like to thank GeoEye, a study sponsor, for providing contacts for in-country partners and ASRC Management Services for providing the interactive mapping portion of the study results. A very special thanks goes to Tom Cecere, USGS, and Barbara Ryan, WMO, for their input and support that made this study possible. The African (in-country) Alliance Research Partner Network greatly assisted with the excellent response of 377 surveys. Global Marketing Insights, Inc. would also like to thank all of the survey respondents and focus group participants for taking the time to complete a survey and/or participate in a personal interview. Global Marketing Insights, Inc. also thanks Apropos Research for their assistance in the report preparation.
C ov e r I ma g e C r ed i ts
Front Cover: LandSat-7, Africa and Madagascar, December 10, 2000 December 18, 2008 Back Cover: Image Credits Page 66. 2005, 2007 Global Marketing Insights, Inc. Remote Sensing Data www.globalinsights.com
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2008 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Aerial and Spaceborne Ten-Year Trends
Table of Contents
1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Overview Executive Summary Key Findings Survey Responses Technical Advances Survey Responses Political, Economic and Environmental Trends Introduction to the Remote Sensing Survey Methodology Online Surveys Personal Interviews Affiliate Companies Technology Advances Government Sector Technical Advances Highlights Academic Sector Technical Advances Highlights Commercial User Sector Technical Advances Highlights Personal Interview Technical Advances Political, Economic or Environmental (PEE) Trends Government Sector PEE Trend Highlights Academic Sector PEE Trend Highlights Commercial User Sector PEE Trend Highlights Personal Interview PEE Trends Other Government Sector Highlights Other Academic Sector Highlights Other Commercial User Sector Highlights Other Personal Interview Highlights Comparison with Western and Asian Remote Sensing Surveys Study Implications Summary Bibliography ALLIANCE RESEARCH PARTNERS 7 9 11 13 16 18 18 18 20 21 22 22 24 26 28 29 29 31 33 34 35 39 45 50 51 56 59 60
GeoEye: IKONOS Somalia, Africa, November 27, 2006 Disclaimer: The study results in this document are provided as the best information available at this time from the survey respondents and should not be considered as professional advice. USGS and Global Marketing Insights, Inc. and the study partners and sponsors do not warrant the study nor the information contained in the document. 2005, 2007 Global Marketing Insights, Inc. Remote Sensing Data www.globalinsights.com
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List of Tables Table 1. Geographic location of respondents. ............................................. 10 Table 2. USGS 2008 Africa Remote Sensing Study key findings. ................ 12 Table 3. Technical advances that will impact use of remote sensing by 2013. ........................................................................................................ 14 Table 4. Technical advances that will impact use of remote sensing by 2018. ........................................................................................................ 15 Table 5. Political, Economic, or Environmental trends that will impact use of remote sensing by 2013...................................................................... 16 Table 6. Political, Economic, or Environmental trends that will impact use of remote sensing by 2018...................................................................... 17 Table 7. Top geographic locations of survey respondents. ......................... 20 Table 8. Alliance partners. ............................................................................ 21 Table 9. Comparison of Technical Advances that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in five years. ................................... 51 Table 10. Comparison of Technical Advances that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in ten years. .................................... 52 Table 11. Comparison of Political, Economic, or Environmental Trends that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in five years........................................................................................................ 53 Table 12. Comparison of Political, Economic, or Environmental Trends that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in ten years........................................................................................................ 54 Table 13. Comparison of primary remote sensing applications between the three studies. .......................................................................................... 55 Table 14. Key study implications.................................................................. 57
2005, 2007 Global Marketing Insights, Inc. Remote Sensing Data www.globalinsights.com
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List of Figures Figure 1. 2008-2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study Interactive Map. ...8 Figure 2. Map of Africa. ................................................................................ 10 Figure 3. Number of surveys completed as of 5 January 2009. ................... 19 Figure 4. Government - Technical Advances by 2013. ................................. 22 Figure 5. Government - Technical Advances by 2018. ................................. 23 Figure 6. Academic - Technical Advances by 2013. ..................................... 24 Figure 7. Academic - Technical Advances by 2018. ..................................... 25 Figure 8. Commercial User - Technical Advances by 2013. ......................... 26 Figure 9. Commercial User - Technical Advances by 2018. ......................... 27 Figure 10. Government Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2013. ........................................................................................................ 29 Figure 11. Government Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2018. ........................................................................................................ 30 Figure 12. Academic Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2013. ........................................................................................................ 31 Figure 13. Academic Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2018. ........................................................................................................ 32 Figure 14. Commercial User - Political, Economic, or Environmental Trends by 2013. ................................................................................................... 33 Figure 15. Commercial User - Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2018. ................................................................................................... 34 Figure 16. Government - Projected budget for remote sensing 20082018. 35 Figure 17. Government - Primary applications of remote sensing data. ..... 36 Figure 18. Government - Types of data purchased. ..................................... 37 Figure 19. Government - Primary GIS software utilized. .............................. 38
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Figure 20. Academic - Projected remote sensing budget 20082018. ......... 40 Figure 21. Academic - Primary applications of remote sensing data. ......... 41 Figure 22. Academic - Type of data purchased. ........................................... 42 Figure 23. Academic - Primary GIS software utilized. .................................. 43 Figure 24. Commercial User - Projected budget for remote sensing 2008 2018. ........................................................................................................ 45 Figure 25. Commercial User - Primary applications of remote sensing data. ................................................................................................................ 46 Figure 26. Commercial User - Types of data purchased. ............................. 47 Figure 27. Commercial User - GIS software utilized..................................... 48 Figure 28. Personal Interviews response to online mapping services impact on purchases of remote sensing data. ................................................... 50
GeoEye: IKONOS- Madagascar, Africa December 13, 2001
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1 Overview
The US Geological Survey recognizes the importance of continuously monitoring the needs and potential growth of the Remote Sensing and Geospatial Data industry in Africa, to better understand and support environmental and sustainable development throughout the country. As a follow-on to the previous studies of Asia, North America and Europe (which were sponsored by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), USGS awarded the survey and analysis of the African Remote Sensing Market to Global Marketing Insights, Inc. Utilizing an online survey collection methodology, Global Marketing Insights, Inc. has completed the 2008 study of the African Remote Sensing market and compiled information in the following areas: Commercial, Academic and Government respondents Remote sensing data type usage Remote sensing software usage Primary applications Data usage and needs Five- and ten-year analysis of the political, economic or environmental trends and technical advances impacting the African remote sensing market globally
The online data collection began in January of 2008 and ended in January of 2009. Links to the surveys were emailed to approximately 3,000 remote sensing, GIS and geospatial data professionals, resulting in 377 completed surveys (from over 30 different African countries). Also, 20 personal interviews with remote sensing professionals were conducted, 13 remote sensing firms participated as incountry partners, and 2 Project Sponsors assisted with the survey. The study results provide encouraging information and testimonies showing progress in the use of remotely sensed data in Africa. The results also allow us to identify the next steps necessary to provide even greater societal benefit through the use of remote sensing and geospatial data for Africa. Global Marketing Insights, Inc. is providing a web-enabled interactive map feature that will post summary statistics by country (See Figure 1). This map is hosted on the Global Marketing Insights, Inc. This feature allows a viewer to click and view the study highlights by country. If a viewer would like to complete a survey for a country which has not been represented they will be able to complete a survey from the map site. Project sponsors and Alliance Research Partners are listed in columns to the right of the main page and have links to their websites. The 2008 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study Interactive Map can be found at: www.globalinsights.com .
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Figure 1. USGS 2008-2018 Africa Remote Sensing Study Interactive Map.
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Executive Summary
Africa is a continent as large as China, India, Argentina, the United States of America and Western Europe combined. With a population of over 922 million (as of 2005 and projected by the United Nations to reach one billion by 2010) Africa has four main regional languages (i.e. English, French, Portuguese and Arabic) and almost 200 local languages. The three largest countries in Africa in terms of population are Nigeria (133 million as of 2006), Egypt (79 million) and Ethiopia (77 million). Africa faces some of the greatest geospatial data needs and issues found anywhere in the world, considering the high levels of poverty, deforestation and desertification, coupled with the political and societal unrest in individual countries. The USGS 2008 Africa Remote Sensing Study received an excellent response rate of 377 respondents from over 30 countries; as compared to a 2005 GIS study in Africa that focused on 600 qualified GIS professionals and resulted in 62 responses from 18 countries. Much of that low response was due to lack of telecommunication infrastructure. The USGS 2008 survey is an excellent sign that wireless technology is making some advances and allowing greater access to the internet and to geospatial data, although infrastructure is still an issue in Africa. USGS is interested in Africa and the remote sensing challenges created by the continents population, geographic size, and language and cultural diversity. USGS hopes to identify ways in which to better support remote sensing growth. The study points out positive movement in the use of remote sensing and shows opportunities for the use of geospatial data to make an even greater societal contribution to Africas sustainable development in the foreseeable future.
GeoEye: IKONOS Kilimanjaro, Africa, March 15, 2001
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Table 1. Geographic location of respondents. Country Algeria Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Democratic Republic of the Congo Egypt Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Madagascar Mali Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Rwanda South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Uganda Senegal Zambia Zimbabwe Africa Did not specify state % of Respondents 1% 1% 2% 3% 1% 4% 2% 3% 4% 3% 7% 2% 1% 3% 4% 3% 12% 2% 10% 2% 2% 5% 5% 4% 1% 1% 11% Figure 2. Map of Africa.
NOTE: Percentages do not equal 100% due to rounding.
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In addition to the interest shown by international government agencies in Africa, the international remote sensing and business community is demonstrating a stronger interest in what is happening in the remote sensing and geospatial data industry in Africa. The private sector is starting to drive the process of developing geospatial data on the continent as shown by the abundance of organizations involved in promoting the acquisition and use of geospatial data, such as The Gates Foundation, ESRI, and the Mapping Africa for Africa (MAFA) initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). Whether the respondents in this survey were part of the Government, Academic or Commercial communities, they believe they have an adequate amount of remote sensing expertise and capability, but what they need is a greater number of accessible geospatial data sets. For many applications the data exists but there are institutional problems and barriers that dont allow easy access to the data. For many geospatial data experts in Africa (as was also found in the Asia Remote Sensing Study of 2007) the geospatial data is collected by the state governments or military and public access is not allowed. This study shows a strong and growing remote sensing and geospatial data sector in Africa, and the more that can be done to put data and processing software and technology into their hands the faster and more exponential that growth will be. Technologies such as Google Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth, with their open source features, are also playing a key role in developing Africas capability in the use of virtual networks, while at the same time it is not decreasing their need and usage of professional mapping software and data. The respondents clearly indicate that the use of Google and other online data sets is only fueling their usage and need for additional professional remote sensing data and geospatial products and services. 2.1 Key Findings The following is an overview of responses from Academic, Government and Commercial users regarding how technical advances and political, economic and environmental trends will impact their use of remote sensing data between 2008 and 2018, and some other key findings:
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Technical Advances
Greater Ground Resolution for future data sets Improved GPS units are needed due to the lack of access to ground control Easier to use processing software
Political, Economic and Environmental Trends

Remote Sensing Data becoming a Commodity Endangered Species, Natural Resources, Heritage Protection Climate Change
Primary Applications
Environmental Monitoring Management Natural Resource Management Sustainable Development Land Management
Data Usage
Multispectral Satellite Aerial Digital Panchromatic Satellite Hyperspectral Satellite or RADAR Satellite LiDAR (Aerial)
GIS Processing Software Usage

ESRI ERDAS Imagine PCI RSI Envi
Type of Data most Required

GIS Data Processed Imagery
Data Delivery Media most Required (in order of preference)

DVD CD FTP (Commercial users were the only ones to rank the use of FTP higher)
Remote Sensing Project Budgets

All User Sectors show increasing budgets through 2018
Remote Sensing Project Personnel Levels

Academic Project Teams of Less than 10 predict 10%-20% growth over next decade Commercial Project Teams of Greater than 25 predict 20% growth over next decade Government Project Teams of Less than 10 predict 20% growth over next decade
Table 2. 2008 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study key findings.
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The African remote sensing market offers unique challenges for those interested in doing business there. Besides covering a vast geographic area (30.2 million km2), they are confronted on a daily basis by political, institutional and economic barriers that have contributed to a technological infrastructure that is still immature by global standards. Areas where physical infrastructure is lacking include a stable supply of power, secure facilities, and reliable access to the internet. However, in light of the strong response to this survey the internet infrastructure is improving across the continent. These surveys provide a sample from three remote sensing user sectors: Commercial User (141 responses), Government (91 responses), and Academic (145 responses). While the report focused on several key areas in remote sensing, the five- and ten-year projections of Technical Advances and Political, Economic and Environmental Trends that will impact the use of remotely sensed and geospatial data in Africa provide unique insights into the current status of the user sectors and what they believe they need to have in order to move forward and expand their usage of remote sensing and geospatial data. These findings in particular are highlighted in section 2.2 and 2.3. 2.2 Survey Responses Technical Advances
Technological advances fostering the integration of satellite imagery with other data (such as socioeconomic or health data) in GIS are opening new ways to synthesize complex and diverse geographic datasets, creating new opportunities for collaboration among natural and social scientists and decision-makers at all levels (Down to Earth Geographical Information for Sustainable Development in Africa, 2002, p. 4).
The survey respondents were asked to identify the technical advances that they see impacting their businesses the most in the years 2013 and 2018. Greater Ground Resolution was at the top of the list for the 377 respondents overall. Improved GPS Units was second for Academic and Commercial User respondents, while Increasing Data Storage Capabilities was second among Government respondents. Ranked third, Academics see Increasing User Friendliness of Software impacting them by 2013; Commerical Users predict Greater Vertical and Horizontal Accuracy; and Government respondents mentioned Improved GPS Units and Greater Computer Processing Speed as advances that will affect them. The following table shows the responses received from each sector for technical advances in 2013:
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Technical Advances 2013

Greater Ground Resolution Improved GPS Units Increasing User Friendliness of Software Better Processing Software (less noise) Increasing Data Storage Capabilities Greater Vertical and Horizontal Accuracy Greater Computer Processing Speed Technology Integration Increased Channel and Bands Spaceborne Cameras/Sensors Remote Controlled Aircraft Greater On-board Storage Capacity Greater Unit Stability Less Drift Improved IMU Units Less Bulky and/or Easier to Install Units Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft
Academic
60% 55% 50% 49% 44% 43% 41% 37% 34% 34% 23% 16% 13% 9% 7% 6% 1%
Government Commercial
56% 49% 46% 43% 53% 46% 49% 33% 33% 32% 15% 18% 8% 8% 8% 10% 5% 62% 55% 45% 46% 43% 51% 49% 44% 37% 37% 33% 23% 14% 9% 11% 14% 4%
Table 3. Technical advances that will impact use of remote sensing by 2013.
Academic and Government respondents selected the same three technical advances to impact their use of remote sensing by 2018, although in slightly different orderEven Greater Ground Resolution, Even Better Processing Software, and Even Greater Computer Processing Speed. Commerical Users selected as their second-place pick Real-time Digital Orthophoto Generation, which only ranked in the middle for the other two sectors. The following table shows the responses received from each sector for technical advances in 2018:
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Technical Advances 2018

Even Greater Ground Resolution Even Better Processing Software (less noise) Even Greater Computer Processing Speed Artificial Intelligence Spaceborne Cameras/Sensors Continued Increased Channels and Bandwidth Continued Increasing User Friendliness of Software Real-time Digital Orthophoto Generation Stereo Data Continued Increasing Data Storage Capabilities Technology Integration Even greater On-board Storage Capacity Virtual Sensor Operators Lighter Than Air Remote Controlled and Piloted Airships Virtual Pilots for Present Retrofitted Aircraft
Academic
46% 42% 37% 34% 34% 34% 33% 30% 22% 34% 30% 22% 15% 10% 3%
Government Commercial
44% 46% 38% 26% 25% 31% 36% 25% 21% 36% 32% 19% 10% 9% 2% 47% 41% 39% 35% 35% 35% 35% 46% 33% 33% 33% 24% 19% 17% 9%
Table 4. Technical advances that will impact use of remote sensing by 2018.
Most of these advances are improvements on existing technology rather than new technology. It can be assumed that there will be ever-increasing ground resolution and faster processing speeds for computers and the requisite increased data storage capabilities. Processing software to lessen image noise is being continuously improved and the addition of artificial intelligence can automate previously manual activities. As all of the related technology improves, new applications will be discovered, thus continuing the evolution of the industry.
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2.3 Survey Responses Political, Economic and Environmental Trends

Geographic data, hardware, and software systems are increasingly sophisticated but it is really the political, social, economic, and educational institutions of a country that ultimately determine the application and use of these data and tools for decisionmaking. (Down to Earth Geographical Information for Sustainable Development in Africa, 2002, p. 5)
Respondents were asked to select the Political, Economic or Environmental trends that are likely to have the greatest impact on their use of remote sensing by the years 2013 and 2018. Overall, the 377 respondents selected Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity as the number one trend to impact them. Commoditization implies lower costs, which should encourage larger projects and more research into uses of the data. For academics, the second most important trend is Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Protection, followed by Global Warming. Both of these trends will impact the direction of future research that uses remote sensing data. Government and Commercial Users selected Global Warming and Required Cadastral Mapping as their second and third choices, probably due to the potential impacts on their job responsibilities. The following table presents the top trends for each sector: Political, Economic or Environmental Trends 2013
Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Endangered species/natural resources/heritage protection Global warming Required cadastral mapping Licensing issues National/homeland security issues International trade Programming/production outsourcing Currency fluctuations Open Skies Initiatives Health benefits costs Outsourcing/privatization Recovery of investment Expansion of the European Union
Academic Government
58% 43% 41% 37% 34% 20% 19% 19% 16% 15% 11% 12% 6% 7% 54% 37% 45% 40% 34% 36% 21% 21% 18% 13% 20% 10% 7% 8%
Commercial
54% 36% 45% 41% 35% 33% 30% 26% 28% 18% 16% 25% 23% 18%
Table 5. Political, Economic, or Environmental trends that will impact use of remote sensing by 2013. 16
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By 2018, Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity still ranks number one for all three sectors as an important trend. Academics will continue to be impacted by Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Protection activities, as well as Global Warming. Government and Commerical User respondents predict Global Warming and Required Cadastral Mapping will continue to be very important to them, the same as in 2013. The following table presents the top trends for each sector: Political, Economic or Environmental Trends 2018
Climate change (global warming) Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Endangered species/natural resources/heritage protection Licensing issues Required cadastral mapping National/homeland security issues Programming/production outsourcing International trade Open Skies Initiatives Health benefits costs Currency fluctuations Outsourcing/privatization Recovery of investment
Academic Government Commercial

39% 38% 30% 28% 19% 18% 17% 14% 12% 8% 8% 8% 6% 49% 51% 35% 32% 24% 26% 15% 16% 15% 18% 20% 13% 9% 31% 43% 25% 27% 23% 28% 18% 23% 15% 17% 19% 23% 21%
Table 6. Political, Economic, or Environmental trends that will impact use of remote sensing by 2018.
The strong interest in Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity is not surprising, given the potential impact on the commercial users and the data providers in the industry. Generally as data becomes more standardized and easier to purchase, prices fall, so data providers may need to explore how they can provide even more value in order to maintain profits. Several of the trends in the top ten, such as Endangered Species/Natural Resource/Heritage Protection, Required Cadastral Mapping, and Global Warming, will have a positive effect on the industry as a whole by increasing demand for data and services.
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In the personal interviews, National/Homeland Security Issues, Global Warming, and Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Protection topped the list for Political, Economic or Environmental trends. The selection of these issues as the most important trends is probably a result of the majority of the respondents who are from Africa but are currently residing in the US for academic purposes.
Introduction to the Remote Sensing Survey
3.1 Methodology The methodology used to complete the remote sensing survey made use of multiple research techniques and a combined database of 3,000 contacts with incountry partners and Global Marketing Insights, Inc.s own database. The results provide an overview of the impact of technical advances and political, economic and environmental trends upon the aerial and spaceborne remote sensing industry. The total number of surveys completed was 377. Representatives from the following three sectors responded: Academic Institution (145 responses - 38%) Commercial User (141 responses - 37%) Government Agency (91 responses - 24%) Section 3 of this report provides an overview of the study methodology. Section 4 focuses on a 10 year projection of Technology Advances impacting the use of remote sensing and geospatial data by the users surveyed. Section 5 reviews the 10 year projections of Political, Economic, and Environmental Trends impacting the users. Sections 6, 7, 8 and 9 respectively review additional survey findings for the Government, Academic and Commercial Users and Personal Interviews, such as Application Usage, GIS Processing Software Usage, Type of Data Usage, and the impact of online remote sensing mapping capabilities such as Google Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth. Section 10 provides a comparison of the key findings in Africa to previous studies conducted in the US, Canada, Europe, Australia and Asia. Section 11 provides a study implications summary. Sections 12 and 13 contain bibliography and Alliance and Sponsor information. 3.2 Online Surveys Potential respondents were invited to participate in the survey at industry conferences and events, including ASPRS, ESRI International User Conference and African User Group Meetings 2008, GDEST 2008, GeoInt, GSDI, and MapAfrica 2008. In addition to press releases, advertisements were placed in industry publications, such as GeoConnexion, Earth Imaging Journal, and Global Marketing Insights Newsletter to make potential respondents aware of the survey.
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In addition, GeoEye, Dulles, Virginia, and Arctic Slope Regional Corporation (ASRC), Greenbelt, Maryland, were project partners and assisted in the data collection through hosting the website and publicizing the survey at over 15 related geospatial events during the year. GeoEye also provided over 10 related academic and non-governmental organization contacts in Europe and Africa who supported the study and assisted in locating 13 in-country geospatial partners who actually hosted the survey website and encouraged users to complete the survey in-country.
Surveys Completed
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
145 141 91
Surveys Completed
Academic
Commercial End User
Government
Figure 3. Number of surveys completed as of 5 January 2009.
The survey respondents came from over 30 countries in Africa, with the highest number of respondents specifically from Nigeria and South Africa, as well as other regions such as the US, India, South America and Asia. As shown in the following table, respondents from Nigeria, Africa (general), South Africa, and Kenya accounted for 41% of the 377 responses. Nigeria and many of Africa continues to experience ethnic and religious tensions. Nigeria is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups of which the top three groups are: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21% and Igbo (Ibo) 18%.
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Geographic Location
% of Total n=377 12% 11% 10% 7% 41%
Nigeria Africa (general) South Africa Kenya Total
Table 7. Top geographic locations of survey respondents.
The majority of percentages were calculated using the number of respondents for that question only, for example, of the 59 Government responses to the question about type of data purchased, 71% selected multispectral satellite. The percentages of geographic location were calculated based on the total number of people completing the survey. 3.3 Personal Interviews The personal interviews were conducted during the data collection period at several conferences, including AfricaGIS 2008 and the 2008 Africa Regional User Meeting at the 2008 ESRI International User Conference. The remaining personal interviews were conducted with volunteers who had completed the online survey. The personal interviews allowed participants to focus on technology advances in remote sensing, and political, economic and environmental trends that could impact their use of remote sensing data in the future. In addition, participants were asked to specify their top three types of imagery purchases and whether or not online services, such as Google Earth or Microsoft Virtual Earth, impacted their remote sensing purchases. Global Marketing Insights completed 20 personal interviews for this project. Forty percent of those interviewed were in the position of GIS Manager or Technical Analyst, and another 26% were Academics (Professors or Students). Their experience was divided, with 55% having more than 10 years of experience and 45% having less than 10 years.
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3.4 Affiliate Companies Thirteen affiliate companies and associations also assisted in this effort by distributing information about the survey to thousands of their customers and contacts, thus broadening the reach of the survey. These affiliatesconsisting of industry publications, commercial companies, universities and non-profit professional associationsreached people throughout Africa. Additional information and links to the Alliance Research Partners websites located at the end of this study.
Alliance Partners
AFRICANness - SSI (Spatial Science Institute) ASRC Mgt. Services (sponsor) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Earth Imaging Journal (EIJ) ESRI GeoConnexion GeoEye (sponsor) GeoInformatics HighQuest Partners SoyaTech News Spatial Business News Geospatial Data Infrastructure URISA African Chapter Vector-1 Media
Table 8. Alliance partners.
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4 Technology Advances
4.1 Government Sector Technical Advances Highlights When asked about the technical advances that will be impacting their organizations in 2013, Government respondents selected Greater Ground Resolution as the greatest impact. Other selections included the following: Increasing Data Storage Capacity, Greater Computer Processing Speed, Improved GPS Units, Increasing User Friendliness of Software, and Increasing Vertical and Horizontal Accuracy.
Technical Advances by 2013 Government Respondents

Greater ground resolution Increasing data storage capabilities Greater computer processing speed Improved GPS units Increasing user friendliness of software Greater vertical and horizontal accuracy Better processing software (less noise) Technology integration Increased channel and bands Spaceborne cameras/sensors Greater on-board storage capacity Remote controlled aircraft Less bulky and/or easier to install units Greater unit stability Less drift Improved IMU units Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
56% 53% 49% 49% 46% 46% 43% 33% 33% 32% 18% 15% 10% 8% 8% 8% 5% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 4. Government - Technical Advances by 2013.
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In 2018, Even Better Processing Software was selected as the most important technical advance for Government respondents. The other issues of most concern are similar to 2013, with Greater Ground Resolution ranking second and Even Greater Computer Processing Speed ranking third.
Technical Advances by 2018 Government Respondents

Even better processing software (less noise) Even greater ground resolution Even greater computer processing speed Continued increasing user friendliness of software Continued increasing data storage capabilities Technology integration Continued increased channels and bandwidth Artificial intelligence Real-time digital orthophoto generation Spaceborne cameras/sensors Stereo data Even greater on-board storage capacity Virtual sensor operators Lighter than air remote controlled and piloted airships Virtual pilots for present retrofitted aircraft
46% 44% 38% 36% 36% 32% 31% 26% 25% 25% 21% 19% 10% 9% 2% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 5. Government - Technical Advances by 2018.
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4.2 Academic Sector Technical Advances Highlights The technical advances that are expected to impact the Academic sector are similar to the Government responses, with Greater Ground Resolution at the top of the list, followed by Improved GPS Units and Increasing User Friendliness of Software in 2013. These types of technical advances will have a positive impact on research being done in the academic sector by improving the level of detail and accuracy that they can achieve and by saving time and money over the duration of lengthy projects.
Technical Advances by 2013 Academic Respondents

Greater ground resolution Improved GPS units Increasing user friendliness of software Better processing software (less noise) Increasing data storage capabilities Greater vertical and horizontal accuracy Greater computer processing speed Technology integration Increased channel and bands Spaceborne cameras/sensors Remote controlled aircraft Greater on-board storage capacity Greater unit stability Less drift Improved IMU units Less bulky and/or easier to install units Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft Other
60% 55% 50% 49% 44% 43% 41% 37% 34% 34% 23% 16% 13% 9% 7% 6% 1% 5% 20% 40% 60% 80%
0%
Figure 6. Academic - Technical Advances by 2013.
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In 2018, Even Greater Ground Resolution was again selected as the most important technical advance for Academic respondents, followed by Even Better Processing Software and Even Greater Computer Processing Speed. Artificial Intelligence and Continued Increasing Channels and Bandwidth show the direction that Academic research in remote sensing may be going over the next ten years.
Technical Advances by 2018 Academic Respondents

Even greater ground resolution Even better processing software (less noise) Even greater computer processing speed Artificial intelligence Continued increasing channels and bandwidth Continued increasing data storage capabilities Spaceborne cameras/sensors Continued increasing user-friendliness of software Real-time digital orthophoto generation Technology integration Even greater on-board storage capacity Stereo data Virtual sensor operators Lighter than air remote controlled airships Virtual pilots for present retrofitted aircraft Other
46% 42% 37% 34% 34% 34% 34% 33% 30% 30% 22% 22% 15% 10% 3% 3% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 7. Academic - Technical Advances by 2018.
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4.3 Commercial User Sector Technical Advances Highlights The technical advances that are expected to impact the Commercial User sector are similar to the other sectors, with Greater Ground Resolution and Improved GPS Units topping the list. The basic technologies driving ground resolution, accuracy, and data processing will continue to be important to commercial users to allow them to do more with the data at lower costs and in less time.
Technical Advances by 2013 Commercial User Respondents

Greater ground resolution Improved GPS units Greater vertical and horizontal accuracy Greater computer processing speed Better processing software (less noise) Increasing user friendliness of software Technology integration Increasing data storage capabilities Increased channel and bands Spaceborne cameras/sensors Remote controlled aircraft Greater on-board storage capacity Less bulky and/or easier to install units Great unit stability Improved IMU units Less drift Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
62% 55% 51% 49% 46% 45% 44% 43% 37% 37% 33% 23% 14% 14% 11% 9% 4% 20% 40% 60% 80%
0%
Figure 8. Commercial User - Technical Advances by 2013.
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In 2018, Even Greater Ground Resolution was again selected as the most important technical advance for Commercial User respondents, followed by Realtime Digital Orthophoto Generation, Even Better Processing Software and Even Greater Computer Processing Speed.
Technical Advances by 2018 Commercial User Respondents

Even greater ground resolution Real-time digital orthophoto generation Even better processing software (less noise) Even greater computer processing speed Spaceborne cameras/sensors Artificial intelligence Continued increasing user friendliness of software Continued increased channels and band width Continued increasing data storage capabilities Stereo data Technology integration Even greater on-board storage capacity Virtual sensor operators Lighter than air remote controlled and piloted airships Virtual pilots for present retrofitted aircraft Other
47% 46% 41% 39% 35% 35% 35% 35% 33% 33% 33% 24% 19% 17% 9% 1% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 9. Commercial User - Technical Advances by 2018.
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4.4 Personal Interview Technical Advances In the personal interviews, respondents were not provided with a list to choose from but were asked to speak to the areas of technical advances that would most assist them in the future. Those interviewed supported the survey responses overall by focusing on ways in which greater data access and improved data processing could assist them in their day-to-day activities and applications. The personal interview responses differ somewhat from the survey although greater ground resolution was still a major area of interest. The following technical advances were mentioned by the personal interviewees: Seamless data capabilities Standards (so metadata is easier to understand) Infrastructure (so data can be more easily shared) Foliage and cloud penetration data availability Improved coastal mapping capabilities Greater amounts of data to monitor erosion Increasing mapping capabilities thru education Web dissemination of data for easier access Reduced file sizes Faster operational software applications Greater ground resolution
These responses are encouraging in that they demonstrate how remote sensing and geospatial data users in Africa are moving beyond just processing the data, and delving into more sophisticated applications.
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Political, Economic or Environmental (PEE) Trends
5.1 Government Sector PEE Trend Highlights The top responses from the Government sector to the question about which Political, Environmental or Economic trends will impact use of remote sensing by 2013 were Remote Sensing Becoming a Commodity, Climate Change, and Required Cadastral Mapping.
Political, Economic or Environmental Advances by 2013 Government Respondents

Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Climate change (global warming) Required cadastral mapping Endangered species and natural resources/heritage protection National/homeland security issues Licensing issues Programming/production outsourcing International trade Health benefits costs Currency fluctuations Open Skies Initiatives Outsourcing/privatization Expansion of the European Union Recovery of investment Easing of credit Tightening of credit Stock market fluctuations Tax depreciation rules and regulations Micro-chip production costs fluctuations
54% 45% 40% 37% 36% 34% 21% 21% 20% 18% 13% 10% 8% 7% 5% 3% 3% 2% 2% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 10. Government Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2013.
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Remote Sensing Becoming a Commodity and Climate Change are also the two most important trends by 2018 mentioned by Government respondents, followed by Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Protection and Licensing Issues.
Political, Economic or Environmental Advances by 2018 Government Respondents

Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Climate change (global warming) Endangered species and natural resources/heritage protection Licensing issues National/homeland security issues Required cadastral mapping Currency fluctuations Health benefits costs International trade Programming/production outsourcing Open Skies Initiatives Outsourcing/privatization Recovery of investment Easing of credit Stock market fluctuations Micro-chip production costs fluctuations Expansion of the European Union Tax depreciation rules and regulations Tightening of credit
51% 49% 35% 32% 26% 24% 20% 18% 16% 15% 15% 13% 9% 9% 7% 7% 5% 4% 3% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 11. Government Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2018.
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5.2 Academic Sector PEE Trend Highlights In the Academic Sector, the following Political, Economic or Environmental trends are predicted to have the largest impact on the use of remote sensing by 2013: Remote Sensing Becoming a Commodity, Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Protection, and Climate Change.
Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2013 Academic Respondents

Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Endangered species and natural Climate change (global warming) Required cadastral mapping Licensing issues National/homeland security issues Programming/production outsourcing International trade Currency fluctuations Open Skies Initiatives Health benefits costs Expansion of the European Union Easing of credit Recovery of investment Micro-chip production costs fluctuations Tightening of credit Tax depreciation rules and regulations Stock market fluctuations Other
58% 43% 41% 37% 34% 20% 19% 19% 16% 15% 11% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 4% 4% 3% 20% 40% 60% 80%
0%
Figure 12. Academic Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2013.
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The responses for 2018 were very similar to 2013, with Climate Change, Remote Sensing Becoming a Commodity, and Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Protection as the top three trends.
Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2018 Academic Respondents

Climate change (global warming) Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Endangered species and natural resources/heritage protection Licensing issues Required cadastral mapping National/homeland security issues Programming/production outsourcing International trade Open Skies Initiatives Currency fluctuations Health benefits costs Outsourcing/privatization Recovery of investment Micro-chip production costs fluctuations Easing of credit Stock market fluctuations Expansion of the European Union Tax depreciation rules and regulations Tightening of credit Other
39% 38% 30% 28% 19% 18% 17% 14% 12% 8% 8% 8% 6% 5% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% 3% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 13. Academic Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2018.
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5.3 Commercial User Sector PEE Trend Highlights In the Commercial User Sector, the Political, Economic or Environmental trends selected to have the largest impact on the use of remote sensing by 2013 are Climate Change, Remote Sensing Becoming a Commodity, Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Protection, and Licensing Issues.
Political, Economic or Environmental Advances by 2013 Commercial User Respondents

Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Climate change (global warming) Required cadastral mapping Endangered species and natural resources/heritage protection Licensing issues National/homeland security issues International trade Currency fluctuations Programming/production outsourcing Outsourcing/privatization Recovery of investment Open Skies Initiatives Expansion of the European Union Health benefits costs Stock market fluctuations Micro-chip production costs fluctuations Easing of credit Tax depreciation rules and regulations Tightening of credit Other
54% 45% 41% 36% 35% 33% 30% 28% 26% 25% 23% 18% 18% 16% 11% 11% 9% 9% 6% 4% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 14. Commercial User - Political, Economic, or Environmental Trends by 2013.
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The top responses for 2018 in the Commercial User sector were Climate Change, Remote Sensing Becoming a Commodity, and National/Homeland Security Issues.
Political, Economic or Environmental Advances by 2018 Commercial User Respondents

Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Climate change (global warming) National/homeland security issues Licensing issues Endangered species and natural resources/heritage protection Required cadastral mapping Outsourcing/privatization International trade Recovery of investment Currency fluctuations Programming/production outsourcing Health benefits costs Open Skies Initiatives Micro-chip production costs fluctuations Stock market fluctuations Expansion of the European Union Easing of credit Tax depreciation rules and regulations Tightening of credit Other
43% 31% 28% 27% 25% 23% 23% 23% 21% 19% 18% 17% 15% 11% 9% 9% 9% 5% 4% 2% 20% 40% 60%
0%
Figure 15. Commercial User - Political, Economic or Environmental Trends by 2018.
5.4 Personal Interview PEE Trends The top trend selected in the 20 personal interviews was National/Homeland Security Issues, probably due to over half of the interview subjects being resident in the US for academic or non-governmental organization purposes and their greatest area of concern for their homeland seems to be related to security. These are the top trends mentioned in the interviews:
National/Homeland Security Issues (33%) Global Warming (28%) Endangered Species & Natural Resources/Heritage Protection (22%) Required Cadastral Mapping (17%) International Trade (17%) Recovery of Investment (17%) Outsourcing/Privatization (17%)
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Other Government Sector Highlights
When the survey was formally closed on 5 January 2009, 91 out of 377 (24%) of the USGS Africa study respondents were from the Government sector. The respondents were primarily from South Africa (12%), Kenya (11%), Nigeria (9%), Tanzania (5%), Mozambique (5%) and Ethiopia (5%). Respondents were in positions of GIS Analyst (38%), GIS Manager (27%), Technical Manager (14%) and Technical Analyst (9%). Approximately 59% of the respondents have 10 years or less experience and 41% have more than 10 years. Sixty-one percent of respondents were from National Civilian agencies, 19% from State (Provincial) agencies, 18% Local agencies, and 2% from National Defense. Budgets for commercial remotely sensed data in 2008 ranged from $0 to greater than $200,000, with more than half (53%) of the respondents reporting a budget in 2008 of $20,000 or less, and 21% between $20,000 and $50,000. Projected budget in 2013 indicated that 36% of the respondents anticipate having a budget of $20,000 or less; however there was an increase in those predicting budget of over $200,000, from only 6% in 2008, to 16% in 2013 and 24% in 2018.
Figure 16. Government - Projected budget for remote sensing 20082018.
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The most selected Applications for the Government sector for remote sensing data included: Environmental Monitoring/Management (66%), Natural Resource Management (60%), Land Management/Development (55%), and Sustainable Development (51%).
Primary Application of Remote Sensing Data Government Respondents

Environmental Natural Resource Management Land Management/Development Sustainable Development Forestry Flood Plain Mapping Cadastral Damage Assessment Disaster Relief Utilities Coastal Management Engineering Transportation National Defense/Homeland Security Telecommunications Real Estate Extractive Materials Media Insurance Other 0% 66% 60% 55% 51% 42% 33% 27% 23% 22% 22% 20% 15% 12% 12% 9% 5% 5% 1% 1% 15% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Figure 17. Government - Primary applications of remote sensing data.
The most desired Spatial Resolution was 1m - 5m (60%), followed by 5m - 120m (37%) and 63cm - 90cm (31%). The top three Desired Spectral Regions were Visible 0.4 um - 0.7 um (74%), Infrared 0.7 um - 100 um (69%) and Reflected IR Band 0.7 um - 3.0 um (41%). Half of respondents (50%) chose Government Satellite as their Preferred Platform, followed by Commercial Satellite (29%) and Commercial Aerial (12%). Thirty-eight percent of the respondents needed Government Only (Multi-agency) Licenses, 26% require Commercial and Government licenses and 26% of them need Government Only (Single agency) Licenses. The Types of Remote Sensing Product Utilized by the respondents were GIS Data (81%), Processed Imagery (80%), Value-added (49%) and Raw Imagery (40%). The most popular Method to Obtain Data was free acquisition from commercial or government resource (62%), followed by commercial purchase (24%). Data delivery media most commonly used included DVD (76%), CD (47%) and FTP (45%).
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The top five Types of Data Purchased by respondents were: Multispectral Satellite 71% Aerial Digital 59% Panchromatic Satellite 34% Hyperspectral Satellite 32% Lidar (Aerial) 22%
Types of Data Purchased Government Respondents

80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
e llit te a lS l ita ig lD e llit te Sa e llit te Sa l) ia er (A e) ac p (S og ria al n Ae l /A ra ilm ct e lF sp ia er er A yp H l
71% 59%
34%
32% 22% 15% 10% 7%
tra ec p tis ul M
ria Ae
hr nc Pa
ic at m o
yp
l ra ct pe rs e
AR ID L
AR D A R
R SA -
Figure 18. Government - Types of data purchased.
Based on the Data Choices, the most utilized Sensor / Camera for each data choice was: Aerial Digital: Leica Geo Systems Aerial Film/Analog: Leica RC30 Satellite Data: Landsat 7 (U.S.) Hyperspectral Satellite: CHRIS (Europe) and Hyperion (US) Hyperspectral Aerial: AVIRIS (US) RADAR - SAR (Spaceborne): SAR - RADARSAT (Canada) RADAR - SAR (Aerial): E-SAR (Europe) and GSAR (US) LIDAR (Aerial): Leica Geosystems IFSAR (INSAR) (Aerial): EarthData (US) When asked about Digital Elevation data, 32% of the respondents did not utilize any Digital Elevation Data, over half due to lack of availability of data. Of all the
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respondents, 36% use Digitized Cartographic Data, 31% use Ground Surveys, 23% use Photogrammetry-Aerial, and 22% use Photogrammetry-Satellite. In addition, 61% of respondents thought their current elevation data was inadequate, primarily due to unavailability of data. For Ground Control, 57% of the respondents said there was not current and accurate ground control to meet their needs. Problem of accuracy or availability of data was the chief reason for the inadequate ground control, as well as lack of funding. The responses regarding GIS software utilized by these respondents indicated the following products as their primary software: ESRI (63%) and ERDAS Imagine (16%).
GIS Software Utilized Government Respondents

ZI (Intergraph) Image Analyst, Other 5% 2% PCI, 5% RSI Envi, 5% ESRI, 63%
Map Info, 3% AutoDesk, 2% ERDAS Imagine 16%
Figure 19. Government - Primary GIS software utilized.
The number of employees involved in remote sensing is less than 10 for 61% of the Government respondents, 1125 for 19%, and more than 25 for 20%. In addition, 18% of the respondents who predict an increase in the number of people involved in remote sensing between 2008 and 2018 predict greater than 20% growth.
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The top choices of technical advances in 2013 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were: Greater Ground Resolution Increasing Data Storage Capabilities Greater Computer Processing Speed Improved GPS Units Increasing User Friendliness of Software Greater Horizontal and Vertical Accuracy 56% 53% 49% 49% 46% 46%
The top 5 choices of technical advances in 2018 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were: Even Better Processing Software (Less Noise) Even Greater Ground Resolution Even Greater Computer Processing Speed Continued Increasing User Friendliness of Software Continued Increasing Data Storage Capabilities 46% 44% 38% 36% 36%
The top 5 choices of political, economic, environmental trends in 2013 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were: Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity Global Warming Required Cadastral Mapping Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage National/Homeland Security Issue 54% 45% 40% 37% 36%
The political, economic, environmental trends in 2018 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were: Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity Global Warming Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Licensing Issues National/Homeland Security Issues 51% 49% 35% 32% 26%
Other Academic Sector Highlights
When the survey was formally closed on 5 January, 2009, 145 out of 377 (38%) of the USGS Africa study respondents were from the Academic sector. The respondents were primarily from Africa (general) 12%, South Africa 12% and Nigeria 12%, followed by Kenya (6%), Cameroon (6%) and Uganda (5%).
2005, 2007 Global Marketing Insights, Inc. Remote Sensing Data www.globalinsights.com February 2009
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Respondents were in positions of GIS Analyst (41%), GIS Manager (23%), Technical Analyst (12%) and Technical Manager (9%). Approximately 65% of the respondents 10 years or less experience and 35% had more than 10 years. Eighty-four percent of respondents were from public institutions. Twenty-six percent of respondents were from the academic specialty of GIS, 22% from Remote Sensing and 18% from Geography. Budget for commercial remotely sensed data in 2008 ranged from $0 to greater than $200,000, with 78% of the respondents reporting a budget of $5,000 or less, and 16% with $5,000 to $50,000. Projected budget in 2013 also indicated that 59% of the respondents anticipate having $5,000 or less to spend; however in 2018, only 53% of the respondents anticipated budgets of $5,000 or less.
Remote Sensing Budget 2008 - 2018 Academic Respondents

$0 $499-$5,000 $5,001-$20,000 $20,001-$50,000 $50,001-$100,000 $100,001-$150,000 $150,001-$200,000 >$200,001 0%
6% 3% 4% 5% 5% 2% 3% 1% 2% 2% 1% 5% 3% 1% 13% 14% 19% 21% 23% 31% 28% 34% 44%
34%
2018 2013 2008
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Figure 20. Academic - Projected remote sensing budget 20082018.
The most selected Applications for the Academic sector for remote sensing data included: Environmental Monitoring/Management (66%), Natural Resource Management (66%), Sustainable Development (41%) and Land Management/Development (39%).
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Figure 21. Academic - Primary applications of remote sensing data.
The most desired Spatial Resolution was 1m - 5m (60%), followed by 5m - 120m (45%) and less than 46cm (30%). The top three Desired Spectral Regions were Visible 0.4 um - 0.7 um (57%), Infrared 0.7 um - 100 um (48%) and Reflected IR Band 0.7 um - 3.0 um (39%). A majority of respondents (57%) chose Government Satellite as their Preferred Platform, followed by Commercial Satellite (29%). Thirty-one percent of the respondents need Commercial and Government Licenses and 27% of the respondents needed Government Only (Multi-agency) Licenses. The Types of Remote Sensing Product Utilized by the respondents were Processed Imagery (79%), GIS Data (74%), Raw Imagery (57%) and Valueadded (53%). The most popular Method to Obtain Data was free acquisition from commercial or government resource (62%), followed by acquisition using a grant (31%). Data delivery media most commonly used included DVD (65%), FTP (52%), and CD (45%).
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The top five Types of Data Purchased by respondents were: Multispectral Satellite 79% Aerial Digital 48% Panchromatic Satellite 42% RADAR - SAR (Spaceborne) 33% Hyperspectral Satellite 18%
Type of Data Purchased Academic Respondents

100% 79% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
l te Sa l lit e r ia Ae ig lD l it a S e lit el at R SA pa (S ) ce ra ct pe rs lS el at e lit AR D LI er (A l ia ) i lF / lm o al An g R SA ( r Ae l) ia ra ct pe rs pe l ria Ae l SA (I N ) R r ia Ae l
48%
42%
33% 18% 14% 13% 7% 5% 1%
ra ct pe t is ul M
Pa
ic at om hr nc
AR AD R
e yp H
Ae
ria
AR AD R
y H
SA IF
Figure 22. Academic - Type of data purchased.
Based on the Data Choices, the most utilized Sensor / Camera for each data choice was: Aerial Digital: Leica Geo Systems Aerial Film/Analog: Leica RC20 Satellite Data: Landsat 7 (US) Hyperion (US) for Hyperspectral Satellite Hyperspectral Aerial: AVIRIS (US) RADAR - SAR (Spaceborne): SAR - RADARSAT (Canada) RADAR - SAR (Aerial): E-SAR (Europe) and GSAR (US) LIDAR (Aerial): Leica Geosystems IFSAR (INSAR) (Aerial): EarthData (US) When asked about Digital Elevation data, 37% of the respondents did not utilize any Digital Elevation Data, over half because of lack of funding. Of all the respondents, 32% use Ground Surveys, 29% use Digitized Cartographic Data and
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23% use Photogrammetry-Aerial, and 21% use Photogrammetry-Satellite. In addition, 79% of respondents thought their current elevation data is inadequate, primarily due to unavailability of data. For Ground Control, 64% of the respondents said there is not current and accurate ground control to meet their needs. Problem of accuracy or availability of data was the chief reason for the inaccurate ground control, as well as lack of funding. The responses regarding GIS software utilized by these respondents indicated the following products as their primary software: ESRI (63%), ERDAS Imagine (14%), and RSI Envi (9%).
GIS Software Utilized Academic Respondents

Other 7% PCI 1%
ER Mapper 1%
Map Info 4% RSI Envi 9%
ESRI 63%
ERDAS Imagine 14%
Figure 23. Academic - Primary GIS software utilized.
The number of faculty and students involved in remote sensing less than 10 for 43% of the Academic respondents, 1125 for 31%, and more than 25 for 26%. In addition, 40% of the respondents who predict an increase in the number of people involved in remote sensing between 2008 and 2018 predict 1020% growth.
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The top choices of technical advances in 2013 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data were: Greater Ground Resolution Improved GPS Units Increased User Friendliness of Software Better Processing Software (Less Noise) Increased Data Storage Capabilities 60% 55% 50% 49% 44%
The top 5 choices of technical advances in 2018 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data were: Even Greater Ground Resolution Even Better Processing Software (Less Noise) Even Greater Computer Processing Speed Continued Increasing Channels and Bandwidth Artificial Intelligence 46% 42% 37% 34% 34%
The top 5 choices of political, economic, or environmental trends in 2013 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data were: Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Global Warming Required Cadastral Mapping Licensing Issues 58% 43% 41% 37% 34%
The political, economic, or environmental trends in 2018 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data were: Global Warming Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Licensing Issues Required Cadastral Mapping 39% 38% 30% 28% 19%
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Other Commercial User Sector Highlights
When the survey was formally closed on 5 January, 2009, 141 out of 377 (37%) of the USGS Africa study respondents were from the Commercial User sector. The respondents were primarily from Nigeria (15%) and Africa (general) (15%), followed by South Africa (6%) and Kenya (6%). Respondents were in positions of GIS Analyst (27%), GIS Manager (25%), Technical Manager (12%) and Executive Director (10%). Approximately 53% of the respondents have 10 years or less experience and 47% had more than 10 years. Twenty-six percent of respondents were from the Environmental/Engineering field and 22% were Consultants. Budgets for commercial remotely sensed data in 2008 ranged from $0 to greater than $200,000, with 44% of the respondents reporting budgets of $5,000 or less in 2008, and 32% having budgets from $5,000 to $50,000. Projected budgets in 2013 indicate that 12% of the respondents anticipate more than $200,000 to spend, and in 2018, 15% of the respondents anticipate budgets of more than $200,000.
Remote Sensing Budget 2008 - 2018 Commercial End User Respondents

$0 <$499 $500-$5,000 $5,001-$20,000 $20,001-$50,000 $50,001-$100,000 $101,001-$150,000 $150,001-$200,000 >$200,001 0% 5%
3% 3% 6% 6% 7% 9% 12% 15% 10% 10% 0% 3% 2% 4% 12% 12% 13% 14% 18% 20% 18% 18% 17% 19% 20%
2018
21%
2013 2008
8%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Figure 24. Commercial User - Projected budget for remote sensing 20082018.
The primary Applications for the Commercial User sector for remote sensing data included: Environmental Monitoring/Management (60%), Natural Resource
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Management (50%), Land Management/Development (49%) and Sustainable Development (33%).
Primary Application of Remote Sensing Data Commercial User Respondents

Environmental Natural Resource Management Land Sustainable Development Forestry Cadastral Utilities Disaster Relief Flood Plain Mapping Coastal Management Engineering Damage Assessment Transportation Telecommunications Extractive Materials Real Estate National Defense/Homeland Media Insurance Other 0% 60% 50% 49% 33% 32% 28% 26% 26% 23% 21% 20% 16% 15% 15% 14% 13% 13% 3% 2% 11% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Figure 25. Commercial User - Primary applications of remote sensing data.
The most desired Spatial Resolution was 1m - 5m (63%), followed by 63cm 90cm (42%) and 5m - 120m (34%). The top three Desired Spectral Regions were Visible 0.4 um - 0.7 um (78%), Infrared 0.7 um - 100 um (63%) and Reflected IR Band 0.7 um - 3.0 um (41%). Nearly half of respondents (48%) chose Commercial Satellite as their Preferred Platform, followed by Government Satellite (24%) and Commercial Aerial (20%). Forty-one percent of the respondents need Commercial and Government Licenses and 40% of the respondents needed Commercial Only Licenses. The Types of Remote Sensing Product Utilized by the respondents were GIS Data (82%), Processed Imagery (76%), Raw Imagery (59%) and Value-added (53%). The most popular Method to Obtain Data was free acquisition from commercial or government resource (47%), followed by commercial purchase (46%). Data delivery media most commonly used included DVD (71%), FTP (46%), and CD (38%).
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The top five Types of Data Purchased by respondents were: Multispectral Satellite 84% Aerial Digital 61% Panchromatic Satellite 48% RADAR - SAR (Spaceborne) 23% Lidar (Aerial) 23%
Types of Data Purchased Commercial End User Respondents

100% 84% 80% 61% 60% 40% 23% 20% 0%
l l l l) l) e ia e) ia ia og ia it a lite li t lite er er ac al er ig el el el er n t p at at )A (A lA (A lD /A (S Sa R lS lS R tra ria lm AR c R i c i A ra ra S A DA at Ae ct lF pe ct -S LI (IN -S rs ria pe om pe R R hr rs pe AR tis Ae ul SA DA nc pe Hy AD M IF R Pa Hy RA
48% 23%
17%
12%
7%
4%
4%
Figure 26. Commercial User - Types of data purchased.
Based on the Data Choices, the most utilized Sensor / Camera for each data choice was: Aerial Digital: Leica Geo Systems Aerial Film/Analog: Leica RC30 Satellite Data: Quickbird (US) Hyperspectral Satellite: CHRIS (Europe) Hyperspectral Aerial: AVIRIS (US) RADAR - SAR (Spaceborne): SAR - RADARSAT (Canada) RADAR - SAR (Aerial): GSAR (US) LIDAR (Aerial): Leica Geosystems IFSAR (INSAR) Aerial: EarthData (US)
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When asked about Digital Elevation data, 33% of the respondents did not utilize any Digital Elevation Data, over half due to unavailability of data. Of all the respondents, 45% use Ground Surveys, 41% use Digitized Cartographic Data, 29% use Photogrammetry-Satellite and 24% use Photogrammetry-Aerial. In addition, 72% of respondents thought their current elevation data was inadequate, primarily due to unavailability of data. For Ground Control, 60% of the respondents said there is not current and accurate ground control to meet their needs. Problem of availability of data was the chief reason for the inaccurate ground control. The responses regarding GIS software utilized by these respondents indicated the following products as their primary software: ESRI (67%), ERDAS Imagine (9%), and RSI Envi (9%).
GIS Software Utilized Commercial End User Respondents

Other 1% PCI, 2% RSI Envi, 9%
Map Info, 8%
ESRI, 67%
ER Mapper, 1% AutoDesk, 3% ERDAS Imagine 9%
Figure 27. Commercial User - GIS software utilized.
The number of employees involved in remote sensing is less than 10 for 30% of the Commercial User respondents, 1125 for 27%, and more than 25 for 43%. In addition, 37% of the respondents who predict an increase in the number of people involved in remote sensing between 2008 and 2018 predict 1020% growth. The top choices of technical advances in 2013 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were:
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Even Greater Ground Resolution Improved GPS Units Greater Vertical and Horizontal Accuracy Computer Processing Speed Better Processing Software (Less Noise)
62% 55% 51% 49% 46%
The top choices of technical advances in 2018 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were: Even Greater Ground Resolution Real-time Digital Orthophoto Generation Even Better Processing Software (Less Noise) Even Greater Computer Processing Speed 47% 46% 41% 39%
The top 5 choices of political, economic, environmental trends in 2013 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were: Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity Climate Change (Global Warming) Required Cadastral Mapping Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage Licensing Issues 54% 45% 41% 36% 35%
The political, economic, environmental trends in 2018 that may impact the use of remotely sensed data selected were: Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity Climate Change (Global Warming) National/Homeland Security Issues Licensing Issues Endangered Species and Natural Resources/Heritage 43% 31% 28% 27% 25%
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Other Personal Interview Highlights
In the personal interviews, respondents were asked to identify their preferred type of data. The top responses were: Landsat SPOT IKONOS Aerial Digital Aerial Film 59% 47% 41% 29% 24%
They were also asked whether online mapping services such as Google Earth and Microsoft Virtual Earth have had an impact on the amount they spend on remote sensing data. No impact was reported by 73% of the respondents, while 20% spend less and 7% spend more.
Figure 28. Personal Interviews response to online mapping services impact on purchases of remote sensing data.
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10 Comparison with Western and Asian Remote Sensing Surveys

In September 2005, Global Marketing Insights released a report titled Survey and Analysis of Remote Sensing MarketAerial and Spaceborne based on 1,547 survey responses and 250 personal interviews from the US, Canada, Europe, Australia, South America and Central America. In February 2007, it released another report that concentrated on the Asian Remote Sensing market based on 408 completed surveys and 50 personal interviews. This report on the African Remote Sensing market is the culmination of international research started in 2004. The combined statistics and opinions summarized in these three reports is valuable for setting a baseline for future research, and provides interesting comparisons about the state of the industry in various parts of the world. Questions about the impact of Technical Advances on the respondents use of remote sensing data were asked on all three surveys. A general observation is that the Western respondents ranked more sophisticated advances, such as Technology Integration, higher than the Asian and African respondents, who tended to focus more on improvements in the existing resolution and accuracy. The results are compared in the following tables:
Technical Advances in Five Years
Academic Technology integration Greater ground resolution Greater vertical and horizontal accuracy Increasing data storage capabilities Commercial End User Greater ground resolution Greater vertical and horizontal accuracy Increasing data storage capabilities Increasing user friendliness of software Government Technology integration Greater ground resolution Greater vertical and horizontal accuracy Increasing data storage capabilities Western Study 77% 66% 56% 54% Western Study 77% 64% 63% 62% Western Study 81% 64% 55% 53% Asian Study 50% 65% 52% 47% Asian Study 66% 58% 51% 55% Asian Study 43% 66% 37% 46% African Study 37% 60% 43% 44% African Study 62% 51% 43% 54% African Study 33% 62% 46% 53%
Table 9. Comparison of Technical Advances that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in five years.
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Technical Advances in Ten Years

Academic Even greater ground resolution Even greater computer processing speed Even better processing software Continued increasing channels and bands Commercial End User Real-time digital orthophoto generation Even greater ground resolution Even greater computer processing speed Continued increasing data storage capabilities Government Even greater ground resolution Even greater computer processing speed Continued increasing data storage capabilities Even better processing software Western Study 56% 50% 46% 45% Western Study 63% 61% 55% 49% Western Study 59% 53% 48% 45% Asian Study 50% 32% 45% 77% Asian Study 60% 58% 48% 44% Asian Study 41% 38% 36% 24% African Study 46% 37% 42% 34% African Study 44% 47% 39% 33% African Study 44% 38% 36% 46%
Table 10. Comparison of Technical Advances that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in ten years.
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Questions were also asked about the Political, Economic or Environmental Trends that would have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in the future. Remote Sensing Data Becoming a Commodity ranked fairly high with sectors in all three studies, but there was a noticeable difference with the ranking of National/Homeland Security Issues. It was ranked as the top trend in five years by over half of the Commercial User and Government respondents in the Western Study, compared to only about one-third of the African respondents.
PEE Trends in Five Years
Academic Western Study Remote sensing data becoming a commodity 58% Global warming 51% National/homeland security issues 46% Endangered species 44% Commercial End User Western Study Remote sensing data becoming a commodity 61% National/homeland security issues 53% Endangered species 43% Required cadastral mapping 42% Government Western Study National/homeland security issues 59% Remote sensing data becoming a commodity 49% Endangered species 43% Required cadastral mapping 41% Asian Study 55% 57% 47% 40% Asian Study 60% 41% 44% 41% Asian Study 33% 40% 33% 30% African Study 58% 41% 20% 43% African Study 54% 33% 36% 41% African Study 36% 54% 37% 40%
Table 11. Comparison of Political, Economic, or Environmental Trends that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in five years.
Remote Sensing Becoming a Commodity continued to be the top concern by far for Government African respondents looking out ten years, presumably because they are hoping prices will drop so they can buy more with their limited funding. There is a noticeable difference in the percentage of Academics in Asia interested in Endangered species (10%), compared to the level of Western interest (47%).
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PEE Trends in Ten Years

Academic Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Endangered species Global warming National/homeland security issues Commercial End User Remote sensing data becoming a commodity National/homeland security issues Global warming Endangered species Government National/homeland security issues Remote sensing data becoming a commodity Endangered species Global warming Western Study 47% 47% 46% 38% Western Study 46% 40% 37% 31% Western Study 49% 41% 40% 37% Asian Study 43% 10% 45% 33% Asian Study 48% 30% 39% 36% Asian Study 23% 30% 30% 29% African Study 38% 30% 39% 18% African Study 43% 28% 31% 25% African Study 26% 51% 35% 49%
Table 12. Comparison of Political, Economic, or Environmental Trends that will have the most impact on the use of remote sensing data in ten years.
As shown in Table 11, there is a large percentage of remote sensing data being used for Environmental Monitoring and Management in all geographic regions, but there are variances in other areas depending on the sector. For example, over half of the African Government respondents listed Sustainable Development as a primary application, compared to only 24% of the Western Government respondents and 28% of the Asian Government respondents. Also, Natural Resource Management appears to be a more important application in Asia and Africa than in the West among Commercial User and Government respondents.
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Primary Remote Sensing Applications

Academic Environmental Monitoring/Mgmt. Natural Resource Mgmt. Forestry Sustainable Development Commercial End User Environmental Monitoring/Mgmt. Land Development/Management Natural Resource Mgmt. Engineering Government Environmental Monitoring/Mgmt. Natural Resource Mgmt. Land Development/Management Sustainable Development Western Study 77% 49% 44% 38% Western Study 57% 41% 30% 32% Western Study 47% 33% 40% 24% Asian Study 67% 58% 37% 48% Asian Study 58% 44% 54% 26% Asian Study 48% 49% 39% 28% African Study 66% 66% 31% 41% African Study 60% 49% 50% 20% African Study 66% 60% 55% 51%
Table 13. Comparison of primary remote sensing applications between the three studies.
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11
Study Implications Summary
This study leads to the question: How can we make remote sensing and geospatial data more applicable and accessible for the users within Africa? This study and others like it continue to help build a basis of communication between remote sensing and geospatial experts in Africa and elsewhere in order to really understand what the needs of the African remote sensing specialists are by engaging with them and having a thorough understanding of the world and policy framework within which they operate. We also learn from this study that geospatial data is used as an important data source to identify high priority sectors (e.g., natural resource development, sustainable development) or geographic areas that should be targeted for development initiatives. We must stay systematically engaged with the African remote sensing community in identifying their needs in order to insure that we are making progress in helping them reach their intended communities and assisting them in improving the quality of life. The good news is that due to the high level of response to this survey versus others performed over the past few years, we can identify some improvement in telecommunications infrastructure arenas. As was discussed in our previous remote sensing studies there are now more than a dozen countries with satellites, including the United States, Russia, China, Canada, Israel, Italy, France, Egypt, Japan, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Argentina, Algeria, Nigeria, Morocco, South Korea, Turkey, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, Ukraine and the European Union. During 2008 approximately 11 remote sensing science satellites were launched, a record to date. Satellite sensors are being launched at a faster rate, given that in the 1970s only 17 were launched and over 60 have been launched since 2000. Based on in-country applications for licenses, etc., it is estimated that during the next decade over 200 Earth observation satellites will be placed into orbit. In addition to single payload satellite launches, programs such as the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) will create both improved remote sensing capabilities beyond what individual nations such as Africa could do on their own and vastly improved geospatial data capabilities. The GEOSS suite of sensors will provide enormous ability to improve the capability of remote sensing data that is just not possible when one sensor at a time is built and launched. In addition to programs such as GEOSS, additional remote sensing satellite suite launches will increase as less expensive, low earth-orbiting satellites become even more popular and as launch services continue a steady price decline. Remote sensing satellites provide a great societal benefit everywhere but especially in countries like Africa where the geospatial data need continues to be so great.
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Key Study Implications Telecommunication and Internet access is improving access to data Greater number of remote sensing specialists are successfully obtaining data Greater number of private business assisting in the acquisition of data Ground control data is still not available Data application and usage is coming of age as opposed to data production
Table 14. Key study implications.
Coupled with greater data access, the improved infrastructure of telecommunications and information technologies (IT) is also providing the medium for remote sensing and geospatial data progress in Africa. This IT progress is allowing remote sensing to be performed more quickly in the field where the data is needed rather than waiting for a sponsoring government to provide the data. The remote sensing trends that have already impacted the US, Canada, Europe, Asia and Australia are beginning to have great impact in Africa. The advances with the Internet in terms of geospatial data availability have allowed, firstly, access to data almost on demand, secondly, provided remote sensing specialists with a network of scientists and practitioners who can assist each regardless of location, and thirdly, developed a series of data sets that are driven at the local level as opposed to a national government level, such as the Open Street Map. As these technical advances make inroads in Africa the influence of remote sensing and geospatial data will continue to provide a profound benefit to Africa. The results of the African Remote Sensing survey include the input of Academic, Government, and Commercial User respondents, primarily in Africa, but from other countries where Africans are completing academic programs or are working for organizations to support African remote sensing programs as well. In general, everyone is looking forward to continuing technical advances, specifically greater ground resolution, larger data storage, and faster processing software, etc.; however, most could benefit today from basic improvements in the continents infrastructure, such as a reliable power supply and a stable legal and political system. Awareness of the value for more complete and better geographic information does not seem to be lacking, but the technological, political and cultural barriers have no doubt hindered efforts along the way. The political, economic, and environmental trends that are predicted to impact use of remote sensing data are fairly consistent between the sectors surveyed. Everyone is expecting remote sensing data to be commoditized, which will have the natural result of prices dropping and more data becoming available. Valueadded providers will have to continue to improve their processes through automation to cut costs, but they will also continue to develop new applications to spur demand for their products.
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The interest in using remotely sensed data to identify, monitor, and solve Africas problems is obvious from the top applications that were mentioned: Environmental Monitoring, Natural Resource Management, Sustainable Development, and Land Development. It can make a huge difference in millions of peoples lives to be able to use satellite imagery, aerial photography, land cover/land use classification, etc., for planning and decision making. Remote sensing in Africa is still evolving compared to Western countries, but it is moving in the right direction. Studies funded by the USGS and other organizations raise awareness of the value of remote sensing and geospatial data and demonstrate why additional financial and human resources are needed to assist in the progress of capturing the required data and developing technologies to expedite its use and sharing across the continent. The continued networking between local remote sensing and geospatial data practitioners in Africa and private organizations and government agencies such as USGS will contribute to developing a vibrant geospatial data industry in Africa and in providing societal benefit to the world.
GeoEye: IKONOS - Ivory Coast, Africa, February 14, 2002
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12 Bibliography
GIS Professional. GIS in Africa Survey. Issue No 24, October 2008, page 39. www.gisprofessional.co.uk Global Marketing Insights Inc. NOAA. US, Canada, Europe Survey and Analysis of Remote Sensing Market Aerial and Spaceborne. 2005 2015. www.globalinsights.com http://www.globalinsights.com/NOAA%20Remote%20Sensing%20Survey%20 Analysis%20Locked%NOAA 20PDF.pdf Global Marketing Insights Inc. NOAA Asian Survey and Analysis of the Remote Sensing Market Aerial and Spaceborne. 2006 2016. www.globalinsights.com http://www.globalinsights.com/2006%20ASIA%20Remote%20Sensing%20FIN AL%20Two%20Column.pdf Global Trends: NIC 2010 and 2015 http://www.dni.gov/nic/special_globaltrends2010.html#contents#contents NASA and USAID Bring Earth-Observation Benefits to Africa Release: 08-307 http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008nov/HQ_08-307_SERVIR-Africa.html National Academy of Sciences. Down to Earth Geographical Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. National Academies Press, 2002. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10455.html
University of Edinburgh. Making GIS Work in Developing Countries: Views from African Practitioners. 30 June 2008 by Neil Stuart, Duncan Moss, Paul Radikonyana and Bob Hodgart.
http://www.rics.org/Knowledgezone/Researchandreports/gisinafrica_300608_r esearch.htm
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13
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Global Marketing Insights, Inc.
www.globalinsights.com Since 1997, Global Marketing Insights, Inc., a woman-owned business provides market research, strategic planning, sales and marketing services and merger and acquisition due- diligence to a worldwide client base focused specifically on the Global GeoSpatial Industry. Global Marketing Insights, Inc. program managers are GIS specialists; Prime Contractors with the US Federal Government and International Marketing Experts. Global Marketing Insights, Inc. manages contracts such as the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Office of Global Analysis (OGA), and Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), Prime Vendor Contract for Remote Sensing Final Data Products, Annual Seminars and Marketing on the World Food Supply and Earths Resources. As authors of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2005, 2007 US, Canada, Europe, Australia and Asia Remote Sensing Studies (Aerial and Spaceborne 10-Year Trends), and the 2008 US Geological Survey (USGS) Africa Remote Sensing Study (Aerial and Spaceborne 10-Year Trends). Global Marketing Insights, Inc. provides the most comprehensive global geospatial aerial and spaceborne sensor and user trend information available today and manages an international geospatial database of over 10,000 contacts. These free studies are available at the Global Marketing Insights, Inc. website.
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ASRC Management Services (ASRC MS), a highly diversified enterprise formed in September 2002, is dedicated to providing professional services including; Information Science, Information Systems and Information Technology Services to the Federal Government. ASRC MS has extensive experience supporting science based agencies including USGS, EPA, NASA, NOAA, Fish and Wildlife, and the USDA with a full array of remote sensing and GIS services. Core corporate capabilities include application development, engineering, technical services, geographical information systems, satellite imagery analysis, information and records management, information technology, and professional services
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GeoEye
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GeoEye is the premier provider of geospatial information for the national security community, strategic partners, resellers and commercial customers to help them better map, measure and monitor the world. The Company is recognized as the industry's trusted imagery expert for delivering reliable service and the exceptional quality of its imagery products and solutions. It operates a constellation of Earth imaging satellites, mapping aircraft and has an international network of ground stations, a robust imagery archive, and advanced imagery processing capabilities for developing innovative geospatial products and solutions. The Company also provides support to academic institutions and non-governmental organizations through the GeoEye Foundation. Headquartered in Dulles, Virginia, GeoEye is a public company listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange under the symbol GEOY. It maintains a comprehensive Quality Management System (QMS) and has achieved company-wide ISO accreditation.
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The GSDI Association is an inclusive organization of organizations, agencies, firms, and individuals from around the world. The purpose of the organization is to promote international cooperation and collaboration in support of local, national and international spatial data infrastructure (SDI) developments that will allow nations to better address social, economic, and environmental issues of pressing importance. The GSDI Association publishes free, monthly regional newsletters, including the SDI-Africa newsletter, http://www.gsdi.org/newsletters.asp, a key resource for SDI, remote sensing, and GIS news and opportunities in Africa.
Asian Survey and Mapping/Spatial Business News Position Magazine

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Spatial Business provides you with the most up-to-date news and analysis for the spatial industries. The newsletter is published fortnightly and can be mailed to in print form, sent by email, or accessed online via this website.
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Earth Imaging Journal

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In January 2004, Earthwide Communications launched Earth Imaging Journal, a bimonthly publication devoted to "Exploring the World of Remote Sensing." Now the magazine is on course to become the world's No. 1 source for news and information about remote sensing and related geospatial products and services. Earth Imaging Journal is published by a professional staff with more than 40 combined years of experience covering the geospatial market and sponsored by a cooperative consortium of industry leaders. The magazine is complemented by the Earth Imaging Journal Web site, which delivers a variety of online resources: comprehensive articles, current press releases, an international industry directory and more.
GeoConnexion International Magazine
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Geoconnexion is the leading business-to-business magazine for all with an interest in Geographical Information. It is presented in easy-to-read format that appeals to novice and specialists alike. Geoconnexion is not an academic journal. Its coverage of business, political, product-related and community developments is geared to both technical and non-technical readers. Geoconnexion is vendor-independent and welcomes news and views from all quarters.
Vector1 Magazine
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The Mission of Vector1Media.com is to promote spatial design for a sustainable tomorrow. To enhance and support knowledge and interaction for the improvement of economically sustainable living through the positive use and application of spatial tools and science. V1s focus is upon the geography and infrastructure serving all individuals in society, including public, professionals and stakeholders. This encourages Vector1 to communicate effectively and to develop media strategies that interest, enhance and create opportunities while working toward its goals.
GeoInformatics
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GeoInformatics Magazine provides coverage, analysis and commentary with respect to the international surveying, mapping and GIS industry. Recognizing the integrated nature of the geospatial information industry, GeoInformatics presents thought provoking and useful information. GeoInformatics Magazine is published eight times a year.
CSIR
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CSIR aims to provide industrial competitiveness, social welfare, strong S&T base for strategic sectors and advancement of fundamental knowledge and is recognised as one of the worlds largest publicly funded R&D organisations having linkages to academia, R&D organisations and industry. CSIRs 38 laboratories not only knit India into a giant network that impacts and add quality to the life of each and every Indian but CSIR is also party to the prestigious Global Research Alliance with the objective of applying global knowledge pool for global good through global funding. CSIRs R&D portfolio embraces areas as diverse as Aerospace, Biotechnology, as well as Chemicals.
HighQuest Partners
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HighQuest Partners is a management consulting firm that helps senior executives at prominent global corporations with decision making through strategy development, M&A support & diligence, research, and corporate governance. Since 2000, we have completed over 170 assignments for leading companies and their subsidiaries in three industry sectors including food, agribusiness and biofuels, industrial conglomerates, and financial services.
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African Network of Earth System Science (africaNESS)
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ESRI
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Proxy Logic
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Back Cover Image Credits: Background: Top Row L-R Images: GeoEye: IKONOS Libya, Tripoli, February 6, 2003, GEOEYE-1, Egypt Giza-Pyramids, February 12, 2009 Middle Row L-F Images: GeoEye: IKONOS Sudan, Darfur-Nyala Airport, July 26, 2006, IKONOS Somalia, Chiamboni, November 27, 2006 Bottom Row L-R Images: GeoEye: IKONOS - S. Africa, Elandsrand Mine, April 12, 2001, IKONOS Zimbabwe, Harare- Mugabi Home, August 18, 2004
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2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

GeoEye: IKONOS- Madagascar, Africa December 13, 2001

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Figure 1. USGS 2008-2018 Africa Remote Sensing Study Interactive Map.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

GeoEye: IKONOS Kilimanjaro, Africa, March 15, 2001

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

NOTE: Percentages do not equal 100% due to rounding.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Political, Economic and Environmental Trends

GIS Processing Software Usage

Type of Data most Required

Data Delivery Media most Required (in order of preference)

Remote Sensing Project Budgets

Remote Sensing Project Personnel Levels

Table 2. 2008 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study key findings.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances 2013

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances 2018

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2.3 Survey Responses Political, Economic and Environmental Trends

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Academic Government Commercial

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Introduction to the Remote Sensing Survey

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Commercial End User

Figure 3. Number of surveys completed as of 5 January 2009.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

% of Total n=377 12% 11% 10% 7% 41%

Nigeria Africa (general) South Africa Kenya Total

Table 7. Top geographic locations of survey respondents.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances by 2013 Government Respondents

Figure 4. Government - Technical Advances by 2013.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances by 2018 Government Respondents

Figure 5. Government - Technical Advances by 2018.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances by 2013 Academic Respondents

Figure 6. Academic - Technical Advances by 2013.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances by 2018 Academic Respondents

Figure 7. Academic - Technical Advances by 2018.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances by 2013 Commercial User Respondents

Figure 8. Commercial User - Technical Advances by 2013.

2008 2018 USGS Africa Remote Sensing Study

Technical Advances by 2018 Commercial User Respondents

Figure 9. Commercial User - Technical Advances by 2018.