USES OF CHEMISTRY ON PEOPLES LIFE

Submitted by: Justin S. Castillo

Submitted to: Maam Rose Pasion

Introduction:
Since the ancient time of Egypt, Chemistry wasa held topic among scholars. The former Chemistry has something to deal with extracting metal from their ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, making pigments for cosmetics and painting, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, making cheese, dying cloth, tanning leather, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze, all these used since ancient times that carried on through the modernization and through the test of time it was innovated and made new to make life more easier. This is module is created to elaborate on people the uses of Chemistry in peoples life and its importance. This module also presents lectures on the way chemistry affects our daily life and how chemistry works in simple things we never knew. This module also aims to evaluate the readers understanding about the topic through exercises and evaluation and goals to let the readers minds be feed with knowledge.

Lecture:
Most of the human body is made up of water, H2O, with cells consisting of 65-90% water by weight. Therefore, it isn't surprising that most of a human body's mass is oxygen. Carbon, the basic unit for organic molecules, comes in second. 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of just six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Oxygen (65%) Carbon (18%) Hydrogen (10%) Nitrogen (3%) Calcium (1.5%) Phosphorus (1.0%) Potassium (0.35%) Sulfur (0.25%) Sodium (0.15%) Magnesium (0.05%) Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron (0.70%) Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine (trace amounts) However in the chemistry of love comes from a nonverbal communication which plays a big part in initial attraction and some of this communication may involve pheromones, a form of chemical communication. Did you

know that raw lust is characterized by high levels of testosterone? The sweaty palms and pounding heart of infatuation are caused by higher than normal levels of norepinepherine. Meanwhile, the 'high' of being in love is due to a rush of phenylethylamine and dopamine. All is not lost once the honeymoon is over. Lasting love confers chemical benefits in the form of stabilized production of serotonin and oxytocin. Can infidelity be blamed on chemistry? Perhaps in part. Researchers have found that suppression of vasopressin can cause males (voles, anyway) to abandon their love nest and seek new mates. The organic part of a natural soap is a negatively-charged, polar molecule. Its hydrophilic (water-loving) carboxylate group (-CO2) interacts with water molecules via ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. The hydrophobic (water-fearing) part of a soap molecule, its long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain, does not interact with water molecules. The hydrocarbon chains are attracted to each other by dispersion forces and cluster together, forming structures called micelles. In these micelles, the carboxylate groups form a negatively-

charged spherical surface, with the hydrocarbon chains inside the sphere. Because they are negatively charged, soap micelles repel each other and remain dispersed in water. Lycopene is not merely a pigment. It is a powerful antioxidant that has been shown to neutralize free radicals, especially those derived from oxygen, thereby conferring protection against prostate cancer, breast cancer, atherosclerosis, and associated coronary artery disease. It reduces LDL (low-density lipoprotein) oxidation and helps reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. Research shows that lycopene can be absorbed more efficiently by the body after it has been processed into juice, sauce, paste, or ketchup. In fresh fruit, lycopene is enclosed in the fruit tissue. Therefore, only a portion of the lycopene that is present in fresh fruit is absorbed. Processing fruit makes the lycopene more bioavailable by increasing the surface area available for digestion. You've probably cut up an onion and experienced the burning and tearing you get from the vapors. When you cut an onion, you break cells, releasing their contents. Amino acid sulfoxides form sulfenic acids. Enzymes that

were kept separate now are free to mix with the sulfenic acids to produce propanethiol S-oxide, a volatile sulfur compound that wafts upward toward your eyes. This gas reacts with the water in your tears to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid burns, stimulating your eyes to release more tears to wash the irritant away. Creating firework colors is a complex endeavor, requiring considerable art and application of physical science. Excluding propellants or special effects, the points of light ejected from fireworks, termed 'stars', generally require an oxygen-producer, fuel, binder (to keep everything where it needs to be), and color producer. There are two main mechanisms of color production in fireworks, incandescence and luminescence. Incandescence is light produced from heat. Heat causes a substance to become hot and glow, initially emitting infrared, then red, orange, yellow, and white light as it becomes increasingly hotter. When the temperature of a firework is controlled, the glow of components, such as charcoal, can be manipulated to be the desired color (temperature) at the proper time. Metals, such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium,

burn very brightly and are useful for increasing the temperature of the firework. A pressure cooker is like any other pot but with a more elaborated lid that seals the pot completely. When you heat water inside the pot it boils and the steam cannot escape, so it remains inside and starts to build up pressure. Under pressure, cooking temperatures raise much higher than under normal conditions (higher than the boiling point of water, that is 100C), so then the food is cooked much faster. Cooking times can be reduced by a factor of three or four .Besides cooking faster, this method retains more nutrients present in the food than other methods. And did you know that a pressure cooker is often used by mountain climbers? Without it, water boils off before reaching 100C because of the lower atmospheric pressure at high altitudes, leaving the food improperly cooked. Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in the blood of humans and also in the outer lining of cells (membrane) in the body of animals. The cholesterol that we have in our blood comes from two different sources: - liver production - diet: meat, fish, dairy products

After a meal, cholesterol is absorbed by the intestines, goes into the blood and then it's packaged inside a protein coat. These proteins are removed then by the liver. When you go to the doctor, you are suggested to keep the "bad cholesterol" in blood low and the "good cholesterol" high. Ok. What does this mean? - Bad cholesterol or LDL-low-density lipoprotein: These proteins deposit cholesterol on the artery walls, causing the formation of a hard substance named "cholesterol plaque". With the time, this plaque leds to narrowing of the arteries in a process called atherosclerosis. Because of this, the arteries can get blocked, so LDL is associated with a higher risk of coronary heart diseases. - Good cholesterol or HDL-high-density lipoprotein: These particles extract cholesterol from the artery walls and dispose them through the liver. So they prevent atherosclerosis. Why is the sky blue? An object is coloured because of the light that it reflects. The white light from the sun contains all the wavelengths, but when it impacts on an object some of its wavelengths are absorbed and some reflected. For example blue objects reflect 'blue' light, which is light with a pretty short wavelength.

There is a phenomena named Rayleigh scattering, that consists on the scattering of light by particles much smaller than its wavelength. This effect is especially strong when light passes through gases. Each of the wavelengths of light suffers a different scattering when it encounters the gas particles that form the atmosphere (nitrogen, oxygen...). This effect is more prominent in the case of short light wavelengths, that are the blue end of the visible spectrum, so the blue light becomes much more dispersed and it can be seen from every direction, as you can see in the drawing below. This gives us the impression that the sky is blue. On the other hand, the red colour is scattered much less, so it can be only seen from certain directions. In the drawing below, both Observer 1 and Observer 2 can see the blue light, but only Observer 2 is in the right direction to see the red one, and that's why we see those beautiful red skies at sunset sometimes.

Coffee keeps us awake because there is a chemical in our brain called adenosine that binds to certain receptors and slows down nerve cell activity when we are sleeping. To a nerve cell, caffeine looks like adenosine and it binds to the adenosine receptors. However, as it's not really adenosine, it doesn't slow down the cell's activity like adenosine would. So the cell cannot "see" adenosine anymore because caffeine has taken up all the receptors adenosine binds to. Then, instead of slowing down because of the adenosine level, the cells speed up. The pituitary gland sees all of this activity and thinks some sort of emergency must be occurring, so it releases hormones that tell the adrenal glands to produce adrenaline. Adrenaline is the "fight" hormone, and it makes your heart to beat faster, the breathing tubes to open up, the liver to release sugar into the bloodstream for extra energy and your muscles to tighten up, ready for action. Because of this, after consuming a big cup of coffee your muscles tense up, you feel excited and you can feel your heart beat increasing.

Some people suffer nausea or diarrhea after drinking milk or milk derivatives. The origin of this problem can be the difficulty to digest lactose Lactose is the main complex sugar found in the milk. It's a pretty big compound formed by two smaller components: glucose and galactose. Such a big compound cannot get through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream, so we need "something" to break it into smaller pieces. This "something" is an enzime named lactase. The more milk and milk products we consume, the more lactase we need. Normally there's plenty of lactase in the digestive systems of infants and children, but the ability to produce lactase in big amounts decreases as we grow older, generating usually too little to handle more than one or two glasses of milk at a time. When this drop in lactase production falls below certain minimums the intolerance to lactose appears.

Chemistry is important in everyday life because... 1. Everything is made of chemicals. You are made of chemicals. So is your dog. So is your desk. So is the sun. Drugs are chemicals. Food is made from chemicals. 2. Many of the changes you observe in the world around you are caused by chemical reactions. Examples include changing colors of leaves, cooking food and getting clean. 3. Knowing some chemistry can help you make day to day decisions that affect your life. Can I mix these household chemicals? What are safe mosquito repellents? Will my bottled water expire?

Exercises:
o Chemistry is proven to be of great importance to our daily life. Cite some more instances where chemistry proves to be useful o Investigate why these certain instance happen, try to find its scientific inference.

o How is Chemistry been important to you or your life?

Evaluation:
1. What is the largest element comprised in our body? a. Carbon c. Oxygen b. Hydrogen d. Nitrogen 2. The sweaty palms and pounding heart of infatuation are caused by higher than normal levels of ______________. 3. Its _______ (water-loving) carboxylate group (CO2) interacts with water molecules via iondipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. 4. The _______ (water-fearing) part of a soap molecule, its long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain, does not interact with water molecules. 5. It is a powerful antioxidant that has been shown to neutralize free radicals, especially those derived from oxygen. a. Lycopene c. carotenoids b. Caffeine d. dopamine 6. Is the processing tomato makes the lycopene absorption more efficient? 7. What is the eyes way of removing the irritant produced by the onion? 8. There are two main mechanisms of color production in fireworks, ___________ and ____________.

9. ________is a fatty substance found in the blood of humans and also in the outer lining of cells (membrane) in the body of animals. 10. This plaque leads to narrowing of the arteries in a process called atherosclerosis. 11. These particles extract cholesterol from the artery walls and dispose them through the liver. So they prevent atherosclerosis. 12. Consists on the scattering of light by particles much smaller than its wavelength. This effect is especially strong when light passes through gases. a. Refraction c. Rayleigh scattering b. Tyndall Effect d. Dispersion 13. A chemical which binds to certain receptors and slows down nerve cell activity when we are sleeping. 14. Is the main complex sugar found in the milk. It's a pretty big compound formed by two smaller components: glucose and galactose. 15 20 Cite why Chemistry is important in daily life.