A PAPER PRESENTATION ON

4G WIRELESS NETWORKS
NEXT GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION

Paper Presented by: Author 1 B.BALAGURU CSE II B.E Author 2 D.MANIGANDAN CSE II B.E E-mail:panditbalaguruji@gmail.com Contact No: 9578849287 E-Mail: manigandan8228@gmail.com Contact No: 9659554938

ABSTRACT:
The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. In this paper, we examine the application of active networking technology to future mobile networks. We first introduce architecture for programmable 4th generation (4G) mobile networking, including all system layers on the network and terminal side. Based on this architecture, we discuss programmability in future mobile networks. We investigate the main driving forces and obstacles for the application of active networks. In particular, we show that flexible component installation and cross-layer interfaces are a main motivation for programmable mobile networks. This is illustrated by a number of applications for future mobile networks, including context-aware mobility management and paging, where flexibility is a key requirement for future mobile services.

4G Programmable Mobile Network Architecture:

In this section, we introduce a high-level architecture for future mobile systems with the focus on programmability. To address the

creation and provisioning of unanticipated services, the whole system has to be designed to be as flexible as possible.

management.

Network Element Architecture:

Our generic architecture for the network elements of a mobile network is shown in Fig. 1 (excluding applications). In this architecture, we consider the following abstraction layers, each programmable with configurable components: Middleware platform, typically with a virtual execution environment for platform layers, each programmable with configurable components: independent distributed processing. The computing platform serves as a general purpose platform for processing stateful protocols. E.g.., routing, QoS signaling or connection

The forwarding engine is in the data path of a network node and it connects the interface modules, e.g., by a switch matrix. This engine can be implemented as dedicated hardware or as a kernel module of common operating systems. The

forwarding engine is programmable for performance-critical tasks which are performed on a per-packet basis. -

used ideally for personal services like electronic wallet. Programmable hardware, which is designed for one or more radio standards. Native stacks Service operating and system certain and which critical of provides real time support, needed for applications, e.g., multimedia codes. deployment control reconfigurations are complex since there is a split of responsibility between operator and manufacturer. For instance, the manufacturer has to provide or digitally sign appropriate low-level code for reconfigurations. On the other hand, the operator is interested in controlling the configuration to fit the user and network needs.

Mobile Terminal Architecture:

In the following, we discuss an architecture for mobile terminals. Although active networking traditionally refers to network elements and less on terminals, we think that the terminals have to be included as well for end-to-end services. The main components of the terminal architecture shown in Fig. 2 are

Key 4G Technologies:
Some of the key technologies required for 4G

Middleware platform, typically with a limited environment. virtual execution

Smart Card, e.g., USIM for UMTS, which includes subscriber identities and also a small, but highly secure execution environment. This can be are briefly described below:

OFDMA:
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) not only provides clear advantages for physical layer performance, but also a framework performance for improving layer 2 by proposing an additional

Software defined radio:

Software Defined Radio (SDR) benefits from todays high processing power to develop multi-band, multi-standard base stations and terminals. Although in future the terminals will adapt the air interface to the available radio access technology, at present this is done by the infrastructure.

degree of free-dom. Using ODFM, it is possible to exploit the time domain, the space domain, the frequency domain and even the code domain to optimize radio channel usage. It ensures very robust transmission in multipath environments with reduced receiver complexity. As shown in Figure 5, the signal is split into orthogonal subcarriers, on each of which the signal is narrowband (a few kHz) and therefore immune to multi-path effects, provided a guard interval is inserted between each OFDM symbol. OFDM also provides a frequency diversity gain, improving the physical layer performance. It is also compatible with other enhancement technologies, such as smart antennas and MIMO. OFDM modulation can also be employed as a multiple access technology (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access; OFDMA). In this case, each OFDM symbol can transmit information to/from several users using a different set of sub carriers (sub channels). This not only provides additional flexibility for resource allocation (increasing the capacity), but also enables cross-layer optimization of radio link usage.

Several infrastructure gains are expected from SDR. For example, to increase network capacity at a specific time (e.g. during a sports event), an operator will reconfigure its network adding several modems at a given Base Transceiver Station (BTS). SDR makes this reconfiguration easy. In the context of 4G systems, SDR will become an enabler for the aggregation of multi-standard Pico/micro cells. For a manufacturer, this can be a powerful aid to providing multi-standard, multi-band equipment with reduced

development

effort

and

costs

through

simultaneous multi-channel processing.

Multiple-input multiple-output:
MIMO uses signal multiplexing between multiple transmitting antennas (space multiplex) and time or frequency. It is well suited to OFDM, as it is possible to process independent time symbols as soon as the OFDM waveform is correctly designed for the channel. This aspect of OFDM greatly simplifies processing. The signal transmitted by m antennas is received by n antennas. Processing of the received signals may deliver several performance improvements: range, quality of received signal and efficiency. spectrum

Figure 6: Alcatel test-bed performance roadmap In principle, MIMO is more efficient when many multiple path signals are received. The performance in cellular deployments is still subject to research and simulations (Figure 6).

Applications:
Adaptability will be one of the basic requirements to the development and delivery of new mobile services. Promising techniques and possible topics may include: 1) Mobile application should refer to a users profile so that it can be delivered in a way

most preferred by the subscriber, such as context-based personalized services. This also brings the applications with adaptability to terminals that are moving in varying locations and speeds. Micro-sensors and GPS receivers are the main driven techniques. 2) Techniques such as adaptive multimedia and unified messaging take the terminal characteristics into account and ensure that the service can be received and run on a terminal with the most suitable form to the host type. 3) Intelligent mobile software agent is a common technique to all of the three targets, which act as a platform for service development, configuration. 4) Applications can negotiate with networks so that they can be transferred with the most efficient channel, e.g. indoor networks or WLAN or cellular systems in a wide area. Services will be tailor able in order to fit the different network environments and the varying traffic conditions. delivery, and auto-

COVERAGE:
Coverage is achieved by adding new technologies (possibly in overlay mode) and progressively enhancing density. Take a WiMAX deployment, for example: first the parent coverage is deployed; it is then made denser by adding discontinuous Pico cells, after which the Pico cell is made denser but still discontinuously. Finally the Pico cell coverage is made continuous either by using MIMO or by deploying another Pico cell Coverage in a different frequency band (see Figure 9). Parent coverage performance may vary From 1 to 20 bit/s/Hz/km, while Pico

The 4G vision can be summarized by following figure:

cell technology can achieve from 100 to 500

excess of power, which may raise significant Interference issues.

Indoor short range radio:

It is connected to the fixed network.

Connection via a relay:

Connection to a Pico cellular access point.

Integration in a Broadband NGN:

The focus is now on deploying an architecture realizing convergence between the fixed and mobile networks (ITU-T Broadband NGN and ETSI- TISPAN). This generic architecture integrates all service enablers (e.g. IMS, network selection, middleware for applications providers), and offers a unique interface to application service providers.

CONCLUSION:
. Figure 9: example of deployment in dense traffic areas. Bit/s/Hz/km, depending on the complexity of the terminal hardware and software. These performances only refer to outdoor coverage; not all the issues associated with indoor coverage have yet been resolved. However, indoor coverage can be obtained by: We think that future mobile networks can be the ideal target for the adoption of active networks. The main benefit of active networks is the added flexibility. This flexibility is mainly needed for two reasons. First, applications will evolve rapidly and adaptation of lower layer infrastructure will be needed to optimize these applications. Secondly, new wireless technologies and ad-hoc networks will require continuous adaptation of the networking layer.

Direct penetration:
This is only possible in low frequency bands (significantly Below 1 GHz) and requires an

REFERENCES:
www.4gmf.org www.eogogics.com

www.agilent.com www.silobreaker.com www.wiley.com

o OFDM For Wireless Communication System by Ramjee Prasad. o Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks by Luis M.Correia.