.

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Enclosure to Item No. 4.14

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UNiVERSITY OF MUMBAl

PGVt-t

Revised Syllabus for the

1\1--.4.* (Part I

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Revised syllabus for M.A. degree course in E~gtish (2008-2009)

Revised 1'vf.A.in English Part I

1. 2. 3. 4. Indian Literature in English (1820s onwards) Linguistic and Stylistic Analysis of TeA1s Literature of the English Renaissance and Restoration a) Language Learning and Teaching OR b) Nineteenth and Twentieth Century American Literature

Part II
5 _Literary Theory and Criticism 6. Literature of the Romantic and Victorian Period 7. Anglo~Irish Literature of the Twentieth Century 8. a) Indian Literature in Translation OR b) New Literatures l.n English N.R. Students who opt for option 4. a) in Part I, will have to opt tor option 4. a) in part II. Students \Nho opt for option 4 b) in Pan I wili have to opt for option 4 b) in Part II

.-

.'

M.A. Revised
Paper I : Indian Literature

Course

In English

(1820s onwards)

Background (a)

themes and issues

(b)

(c)

(d)

The Beginnings and Nationalism: The beginning of English Studies in India; Macaulay's Minute; Anglicist-Orientalist Debate; Impact on early Poetry and the novel: from Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Toru Dutt, Derozio to Aurobindo and Sajorini Naidu; Early Indian Drama in English; Early literary criticism: Tagore's essays on aesthetics and literary criticism. The rise of Nationalism and the Partitioning of India: Gandhi and Nehru's vision of India; Critiques of Gandhi and other Indian nationalists by thinkers such :'5 Nirad Chaudhari. M, N. Roy, V.D. Savarkar and B.R. Ambcdkar; infpact of Western ideologies: Two-Nation Theory and the Partition of India; Impact of these political and intellectual movements on Indian writing in English. Post-Independence India: Impact on Literature of Language Policies; the role of English: Nehruvian idealism and loss of Nehruvian Dream; Power Politics; Emergency Period; Rise of Fundamentalisms; Criminalisation of politics and society; Rise of Dalit Power; Gender Reforms; Globalisation and Liberalisat;on of the Indian Economy and Society; Neo-Colonialsim Contemporary Literary Scenario: Debates on concepts of 'Indianne~;s' prescriptive descriptive: nativism versus cosmopolitanism: multiculturalism in diasporic Indian English writing; gender issues and their impact on Indian litl'raturl' in English; Attempts to modify i Indianise Standard British c I':nglish: Use of history: myth. magicill rea (ism. epic. minimal ism. fi.)lk and Scherezadic traditions and their impact on the novel. poetry and drama written in English in India.

Prescribed Texts
Pre-Independence: Novels and POetry: I. Bank im Chandra Chatterjee: Rclj1l10/WI1 's II'i/~' 2, Colonial Poetry: Poemsfrolll Ear~1-' ndio!1 I'ot.:lrr in 1:'l1glish .,/n ,-/IIf!If}jnglI 1947, edited by Eunice De Souza. Oxford l;ni\'~rsity Pr.:ss. 2006, 3, R. K, Narayan. Swami and Fri:!nds_ Post-I ndependence: Noveb v 4, Shashi Deshpande: A Marler o(Tillu: 5, Amitav Ghosh: The Ca!clIllo Chro/l/osollle
18}1.J-

Poetry': 6, Selections of poems written by Nissim Ezd,il'l. Dom \Ioan~s. Keb Danl\\alJ, AX, Ramanujan. Vikram Seth. Kamala Das. Eunice Dc Souza, Imti:17 DharklT. Dilip Chitre. Gicve Patel. \"Iccna Akxancler. Arun Kolatkar (Reader to be pl-c:pared by the lnivcl'sity Department or English. ((l!11prisillg Ill' 4 to 5 poem~ of each oft,he prescribed poets)

Drama: 7. Pratap Sharma: A Touch of Brigh/ness 8. Mahesh Dattani: Dance Like a Man ,.,/:

Secondary Reading:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Macaulay's Minu/e, 1835. Behram Malabari, The Indian Eye on English Life. 1885. Cornelia Sorabji, The Sun Babies, 1904. Bapsi Sidhwa, Ice Candy Alan, 1988. Muhammad Umar Menon, ed. An Epic (jnwrillen,Y!Je Penguin Book of Partition Stories, !998, R. K. Narayan, Waitingfor/he ;,,',i/wIIlla, 1955. Nayantara Saghal, Rich Like C,. 1985. Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold. 1997. Mulk Raj Anand, Unchouchaht..:, 1935. Amitav Ghosh,. The ShadOlI' Lines, 1988. Amitav Chaudhary, ,~ftem{)()// Roog. Gieve Patel, Mr. Beltram. 1988. Rohinton Mistry; A Fine Balance. 1991. Girish Karnad, Fire and the Rain. 1998. Raja Rao, Kan/hapu'-a. Nirad C. Chaudhari's The ;1uwhiogruphy oiAn Unknown Indian, 195.1. Rabindranath Tagore, ACelllel/(/l~r Volume. 1961. V.D. Savarkar, Hindu Rashtl'Ll f)ars/wn. 19'-19. B.R. Ambedkar, JYIla! Congn:ss (/1/(1 Gandhi hm'e done to the Unloue/wh/es. M.N. Roy, Nell' HU/Ilanism: ,1.\lanif~slO. 19.. . P M.K. Gandhi, The Selected Works nOll/flOtilla Gandhi, Vol. III. The Basic
Worl\s, Y) 23, 1968.

6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
11.

12.

13.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

1945 20.
21.

Dadabhai Naoroj,Spee.:hes 11";'111 j'"iiffeul Thinkers o(Model'l1 India. VoJ. ! 1. .lawaharlal Nehru, :\'ehru Oil .\n('il'lL Fdll:'clli in illld elillUre. 1965. ::'1. Shashi Deshpande, Thar Lon:.:. if,'lh, . S ..,.., Monica Aii. Brick LWie (These te-:ts should be drawn upon for back:,:rllund [caching e-:amination and for practical work. ifany) Recommended I. 2. 1982. 3. Reading Delhi.

K.R.S. Iyengar, Indian IoVriringill Engifsh. Bl'mbay. 1962. !'v1.K.Naik. .4. HistOlY of Indian English l.il,'I'U/lII\< Sahitya Akademi,

4.
5.
6. 7.

8.
9. 1990.

M.K. Naik. Aspects of Indian IVriling in English. j'vlacmil1an. Delhik 1979. Vasant Shahane and Shivaram Krishnan (cds.). indion P(JeffY in English.- .,j Critical Assesslllel71. Macmillan. Madras. \982. Paul C. Verghese, Essays on Indic1I1 Il'riliilg il1 English. N.V. Pclbs.. New Delhi. 1975. \Villiam Walsh, Indo-Anglian [itlmll/lr:! IS()() I 970.- A SUlTey, Orient Longman. f\1adras. 1976. Bruce King. AIm/ern Indian Pnt'lI'l' in English. O-:tl!rd University Press, Delhi. 1987. E.N. La!, The POCflT aIEnc'ollllter .. DOIII,\toraes, .-1.A. Ralllonujall ond .'\"issilll E::ekiel. New Delhi. 1983. Viney Kirpal. The
.\"e\1'

fn-iiun

.\o\'t:/

ili LlIglish. Allied Publishers,

Delhi.

10.

II.
12. 1996. 13. An 14. 15.

John Oliver Perry, Absent Authority: Issues in Con temporal}' Indian English Criticism, Sterling, New Delhi, 1992. Rangrao Bhongle (ed), The Inside View: Native Responses to Contemporary Indian English Novel, Atlantic Publishers & Dis,ributors, Delhi, 2003. Viney Kirpal (ed.). The Postmodern Indian English Novel, Allied Publishers, Nilu fer E. Bharucha and Vilas Sprang (eds.), lndia:l English Fiction I980-90: Assessment, B.R. Publishers. Delhi. 1994. Jasbir Jain and Amina Amin (eds.), .llargil:s of Erasure: Pure/ol! in the Subcontinental j\iovef in English, Sterling, Delhi. 1995. Nilufer E. Bharucha and Vrinda Nabar (eds.), ."'-lapping ClIltliral Spaces: Pastcolonia/Indian Litcral/lr.: in English. Essays in Honour ofNissim ::t:kiel. Vision Books, Delhi. 1998. M&;ashri La!, The Lull' of the 171rcshold. IVomen Writers in Indian English. Indian Institute of Advanc.:d Study. 1995. . Meenakshi Mukherjct:, Rl!alism {;nd R.:ality: The Novel and Society in India. Oxt0rd University Press. Delhi. 1985. G.N. Devy, After A/1/Ill!sia: Tradition ami Change in Indiall LiterQl}' Criticism, Orient Longman, Bombay. 1993. Makarand Paranjape (cd,) .. Vatirisms: E."XL(l':" in Criticism, Sahitya A kademi. Delhi. 1997.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Gauri Vishwanathan, Masks or ('Ollqlicst: LiteI'm)' Histol)' and British RII!l! in India, Faber, 1990. 21. Rajeshwari Sunder Rajan (cd.). 77,,' !.it! t!f the Land: English liteI'm}' Stlldies in India, Oxford University Press. lJdhi. 1983. '"'') Ashis Nandy, The lllilllwtl' Ent:IIlY: Loss and Recavel)' of Sell Under Colonialism. Oxford Un;versity Press. Delhi. 1983. 23. N. Krishnaswamy and Archana S. 13urde. The Politics vf Indian's Engfish: LiIl,'?uislicJ'ofonialislIl and t/it' F\pw!dillg c/lg/ish Empire, Oxford Univer':ily Press. DeihL 1998. 24. Vin<~yKirpal. The Third lllIr/d .\,m:/ o{D:parriation, Sterling, Dt~lhi. 191N. Ash!s Na!1dy. S. Trived~. s. \I<l~,iram and A. Yagnik. Crearing a NatioIJulity. Oxti)rd University Press. Delhi. 19l)~. Aurobindo. Thi: FlIIure (''','In.

26.

2,.
28.

Sunil Khilnani.
Tabish

The ldelI ,}(j;~ii(/. :\c\\ '{ork: Farrar Straus Gin'u:-:. 1997 [,hair. .liic/luiiJn in (illit,i1!!';'I'w:,' indian ElIgii,h X'J\ds. (h f,)r,j

University

29.
2006

Pre:"". India. 2005 Zaheer Sajjad & Amina t\l.far. Jlh' i.i;;ht: .J His/my IIfthl! .\/lIn:illl'IIi/,iI' li/cralllre in the IndO Pakistan SIi!',{"ltiIlL'I11. :,\ford University Press. India. O
Ranasinha. SOllth ../siw! 1rrih"'S ill hl'cllliel/i ( 'elltlllT IJrituiu. (II//Wc' ill Tn.ms!atiol?, Oxford English i\ipIH1graphs. Clarendon Press. 2007 Bharucha r.: Iu tCr E. (elL L I!'{)rld UIc'rutIlI'C.I':('olltell/pOrWT /'llstcuiuui, Ii un, i Ruvani

30.
31.

Pos/-

Imperia! Uteraturt:s. Prestige. \C\\ Delhi. 2007

Examination

Pattern:

Theory Paper of 100 Marks Q. I on the Background Themes and Issues with three internal options. An::;\\crs to be given with reference to appropriate texts. other than those prescribed. Q. 2. 3.4 on the Prescribed Te,ts \\ith three internal options each and combination of texts.

M.A. Revised Course

Paper II : Linguistic And Stylistic Analvsis Of Texts The aim is to learn to analyse style based on the principles of modern linguistics. It will involve far more than a close reading of literary texts or critical appreciation of literature. Prose and poetry texts will be analysed from the perspectives of phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, discourse analysis and narratology. The approach to stylistics to be followed here is based on the work of Halliday and Leech. The emphasis will be equally on linguistic analysis and the stylistic significance of the given ling~istic choice .. The linguistic basis of literary criticism will be the focus. Textual features that are stylistically significant, such as those which make language symbolic / ironic; etc., or those which are otherwise highlighted, will be identified. An attempt will also be made to show how insir-.hts derived from stylistic analysis can alter the interpretation of the whole work. The social context of language and the lingl,istic background of literary language will also be considered. The use of the stylistic approach in teaching iiterature. with its focus on students' discovery of the meaning of the text. rather than on teacher explication. will be dealt with. Also, the impact of stylistic analysis on academic writing. mainly of M.A level student writing on literary texts. that is. in th~ development or correctness. succinctness and effe.:tiveness in literary-critical style. will be considered. The course will be taught and tested in relation to actual literary texts. 1. Stylistics a) Stylistics anti Style b) The concept of style in literature: Stylistics a~ an inpolt to iiterary criticism. Forcgrounding through style: Variation li'om the n0rm, through: i) Linguistic patterning: Phonological. grammatical and lexical patterns (e.g. structural repetition lih. parallelism, the rhetorical effect of antithesis. climax) ii) Deviation from the code (c.g, neologisms, archaisms. deviant collocations) iii) Figurative language (e.g. metaphor. symbolism. irony. paradox. tautolog::d c) The concept of the speech situation and communicative competence, language varieties, dialects (standard. non-standard, regionaL social classbased), register, style. Indian English as a non-natiye variety ,)f English. Stylistics in relation to newspaper language, academic language in different genres (such as technical writing. \\Titing on economics, literary criticisml. 2. Linguistics and Discourse Style will be studied in relation to Phonology, Grammar and Discourse Analysis, through the analysis of literary texts. prekrably phonological analysis for poetry and grammatical analysis for prose. Discourse Analysi:; will be applied to bOlh pmse and poetry texts.

.'
"';l

2.1 l)hono!ogy a) The sound system of English: vowels and consonants: articulation and function. Transcription. The concept of the phoneme. The syllable, word stress. b) Phonological patterns of rhyme, metre. alliteration. assonance. clustering of vowel and consonant sounds.

2.2. Gn:mmar
a) Morphology: derivational and inflectional atlixes. bound and free morphemes b) Lexis: parts of speech (word classes); type of vocabulary (e.g. simple / complex, formal I colloquial) c) Syntax: Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. Sentence types, sentence complexity (coordination, subordination. parataxis), types of clauses, types of phrases. The syntactic framework followed by Leech and others (1973) will be followed.

2.3 Discourse Analysis a) Cohesion: Logical and other links between sentences (e.g. subordinating and .coordinating conjunctions. linking adverbials). Cross-referencing by pronouns; Ellipsis. Lexical cohcsion: reiteration and collocation. Literary cohesion through reported speech and authorial comments in ficton. b) Coherence: seql:cnct:. sesmentation. saliencc i) The structure of written discourse . ii) The structure of conversation. Given and new information. Presupposition. Cooperative Principle (Grice. 1975).

The

Q,\ec.." '_.i .

3. Narratology a) Narrators and narration: Addn:sser-addressee relationships. Voice, focalization. distance. reliability of the narrator's perspective. Point of view. Use of authorial comment: implicit: (wert. Dialogue. free indirect discourse. stream ofconsciousness. soliloquy. b) Story. text. narra:ion. c) Text and time d) Action, Character. ~erting ..

4. The teaching of literary texts: applications of the stylistic and linguistic approach Aim: In order to introduce the discovery procedure. or a !carner-centred approach. students will be trained to ask potential learners (as if in a literature class) to draw meaning and implications from a text on their own. instead oCthe teacher explicating it. as done in the usual classroom. Method to be employed: Asking a 'series of questions appropriate to the level of the students. so that in the process of"answering. they wi II understand the nature of the passage. Questinn IOrImilation has to be practiced. The linguistic and discourse aspects of the text can be tocused on and analysed b.y asking appropriate questions, and a relationship established between the language used and the meaning intended by the passage. This is a continuation of the process rhe student has been trained for
in the

8
1

earlie,' parts of this course in Linguistics and, Stylistics. sil11ple enough for the average student to answer. They aspects of the . text. and deal with matters of lesser importance later. students can be asked to perform a variety of activities. route taken by the characters in the passage.

The questions have to be must focus on the centra; In addition to questions. e.g. drawing a map of the

5. Academic writing on literary topics: application of the stylistic and linguistic approach The :malysis of their own writing (academic essays) by the students for coherence and cohesion, suitability of tone, relevance and sequencing of ideas. clarity and effectiveness of presentation. Application of the training received in analyzing clause reIations and punctuation patterns to their writing.

Recommended

Reading:

Grammar & Phonology Text-books 1. Leech.G.N,; Deuchar. M. and Hoogenraad. R. 1973. English Grammar jiJr Today: A new introduction. London: Macmillan. (This grammatical framework will be followed). 2. O'Connor. J. D. 1967. Beller English Pronunriatiol1. Can}bridgc: Cambridge University Press. Reference reading 3. Quirk, R. and Greenbaum. S. 1973. A University urammar of English London : Longman. 4. Nihalani, P., 'Tongue, R.K. & I-losali. P. 1979. Indian & British English: A Handbook (~f Usage and Pronunciatio/l. N .Ddhi: Oxford University Press. 5. Gimson. A.D. 1964/ 1974. (2nd cd). !JIlroduction to the PronunciatioN (d English. U.K : Edward Arnold, London: ELBS. Language in Context & Discourse Analysis 6. Trudgill, Peter. 1972. Sociolinguistics. U.K.: Pen!!uin. 7. Leech. G.N., Deuchar. M. and Hoogenraad. R~ 1973. English Grammar ./hr Today: A new introduction. London: Macmillan (Chaps. 1-3). 8. Yule. George & Brown. Gillian. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ~ 9. Aitchison, Jean. 1999. Teach Yoursel( Un<;z,uistics. 5th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Chap. on Langu~ge & Style). 10. Grice, H. P. 1975. Logic & Conversation. [n P. Cole & J.Morgan (eds.) Syntax & Semantics, vol. 9: Pragmatics. N. York: Academic Press. II. Hatch, Evelyn & Brown. Cheryl. 1995. Vocabulary, Semantics & Language Education. Camb'! N. Y: Cambridge University Press (Chap. 5: 'Semantics of Figurative Language' and Chap. 13: 'Variation in vocabulary choice'). 12. McCarthy, Michael. 1991. Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press Stylistic Analysis (including the teaching of literature) Text-books 13. Leech, G.N. 1969. A Linguistic Guide to English PoetlY London: Longman.

"

14. Leech, G.N.& Shoit, M.H. 1981. Style in Fiction. London: Longman (The whole book, but particularly Chap. 3). IS. Widdowson, H.G. 1973. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature. London: Longman, (For grammatical and phonological analysis of style, and aspects of teaching literature). 16. Burton, D. 1982.Dfalogue and Discourse. A Sociolinguistic Approach 10 Modem Drama Dialogue and NaturalZv Occurring Conversation. Loncon: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Reference rea:iing'
17. Carter, Ronald (ed). Language & Literature. London: Allen & Unwin, 1982. (Useful analyses of literary works) Bradford. Richard. Stylistics. London & New York: Routledge. 1997. 18. Brumfit C.J. &. R.A Carter (eds). 1986. Literature & Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 19. Fowler, Roger. I975. Style and Structure in Literature. Oxford: Blackwell. 20. Booth, W.e. 1961.Rhp.toric of Fictioll. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 21. Brooks, e. & Warren, R.P. Brace, Jovanovitch.

!972.

Modelli Rhetoric.

New York: Harcourt,

22. Ching, M., Haley, M. Lungsford. R. 1980. Linguistic Perspectives on Literature. London: "Routledge 8: Kegan Paul. 23. Cummings, M., Simmons. R. 1983. lile /.([lIgullge of Literature: A stylistic introduction to the study of literature. London: Pergamon. 24. van Dijk, T.A. (ed). 1985. Discollrse & I.itert/fure: Nell' approaches 10 the analysis ofliterGlY genres. Amsterdam: Johns Benjamins,. 25. Chatman, S. (ed). 1973Approaches 10 PoNics. New York: Columbia University Press. (Article on 'What is slylislics and why are they saying such terrible ,things about it?'- S.E.Fish). 26. Lodge, DaVid. 1~66. Language oj" Ficf iOIl: 1:.\SIlYS Criticism & Verbal in Analysis of the English Novel. London: Routledge. 27. Page, Norman. 1973. Speech ill fhe 1:'llg!ish Son-I London: Longman,. 28. Narayan, Meenakshi (ed). 1994. F/I!leli/!!i.d .\f,l'/isfics: An AnaZvsis a/Three Can~dian Novels. Bombay: SNDT. 29. Weber, Jean Jacques (ed)~ 1996. The .'-illlisfies Reade,': from Roman " Jakobsonto the present. London: Arnold. Narratology

Text-books

30. Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. 1983/2003. 2"<! cd." .\armlin! Fiction: ContemporwyPoetics. Lond. and \i.York: Routb::;c. 31. Toolan. Michael J. 1988. Narralil'(': A ('ril iC(I/ Ullguisfic Inlroeluction. London / N.Y.: Routledge.

Rderence reading
30.
31."

Chatman, Seymour. 1978/1989. ,",'101:\' & Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Fihi,. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Labov, William. 1972. 'The transformation of experience in narrative syntax'. In Languagi! in Ihe Illner Cil)". Penn .. USA: University of Pennsylvania Press. (pp 354-396)

:.

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

Fowler. R. 1977. Linguistics and the Nove!. London: Methuen. Porter. Abbott. H. 2002. The Cambridge;, Introduction to Narrative. Cambridge University Press. Cobley. Paul. 200 I. Narrative. Land. and N. Y.: Routlec;ge. Geoffrey Leech & Jan Svartvik, A communicative Grammer of English. Person Longman. 3rd impression. 1007. . . Randolf Quirk & Sidney Greenbaum. A University Grammer of English. Pearson Education Ltd .. Sidney Greenbaum & Randolf Quirk. A student's Grammer of English Language. Pearson Education (Sinapare) Pte. Ltd., Indian Bench. 2005. .

Examination Pattern:

100 Marks Theory Paper Q.I: Phonological analysis and stylistic analysis (based on this) of a poem/extract from poetry, with equal marks for phonological and stylistic analysis. No options. Q.2: GrammCltical analysis and stylistic analysis (based on this) of a passage from fiction with equal marks for grammatical and stylistic analysis. No options. Q.3: Analysis of aspects of narratoiogy in a passage from fiction. No options. Q.4: Three options provided: a) A short note on topics drawn trom Topic I or the syllabus: Stylistics; b) Formulation of teaching questior:s on a literary passagc (prosc or poetry) (Topic 4); c) Exercis~ on the analysis of a passage from studcnt writing. focusing on the aspects of coheren~e. cohesion. grammar (Topic 5).

M.A. Revised Course

Paper Ill: Literature

J3aekground ThcP-les and Issues

From The Renaissance

To The Augustan

Age

A. THE SOCIO-POLlTICAL

AND INTELLECTUAL

CLIMATE

RENAISSANCE. The influence of the Italian Renaissance on English writers - Humanism, Neu-Platonism, the Influence of the classical writers, chiefly Seneca - the influence of Machiavelli on Elizabethan and Jacobean tragedians. The Court of Queen Elizabeth and that of her successor, James l. The influence of Montaigne and Baconian inductive reasoning on the attitude to religion in the early seventeenth century - age of sermon writing and pamph lets. The rise of the Puritans, the beheading of Charles I and the commencement of the Cromwellian regime. _ THE PURiTAN REGIME. The political disturbances and the ~isagrcements among the Puritans. The closing of the theatres in 1642. Enlarcement of Puritan notions of 'pie~' and the persecution of Christians espousing other sects - the death of Cromwell and the dissip:llion of the regime. RESTORATiON: The fall orthe Protectorate and the Restoration or Charles II. -the ensuing political and socio-cultural real ities rcllected in the literature or this period - the influence on the men'tal and literary climate of Hobbes' s Lel'icllwl1 -the of drama -the establishment urthe Royai Society. AUGUSTAN OR NEO-CLASSICAL AGE: The growth of the 2 major political parties (Tories and Whigs) and their inllucnce on the literature of the period - the com:e houses as hubs of politics and literary life - the Scribkrus Club - the'ri5e of the bourgeoisie - the int1u::ncc oettle Ancients'- the imporl.::lnce of Reason and \loral :ty as rclk.:tcd in contemporary literature-the impact of Locke's' All E~'sa\' 011 1I1!!I1{/l1 [ncle ;,\'/Ullding the de\'clop:m::nt ()f the satiric spirit

B.

GENRE-BASED

DEVELOP/HENT

OF LITERARY

FORMS

DRAMA: Romdntic Comedy. Satirical Comedy and Domestic Comedy in the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods - Romantic tragedy and Jacobean tragedy the closing of the theatres by the Puritans - ~hc Comedy of Manners ancl the Heroic Tragedy in the Restoration age - the impact of Jeremy Collier's "/\ Short View of the Immorality and Proj~1I1enessof the English Stage" on Sentimental Drama in the Augustan age. POETRY: The characteristics ofNeo-Classical poetry with speciai reference to the heroic couplet form as seen in Dryden and Pope - the influence of Virgil-Ovid-Juvenal-Horace - the vogue of translations and imitations of these classics and their effect on reader and writer - Augustan Nature Poetry. PROSE: Non-Fictional: The 'Cony Catching Pamphlets' in the Elizabethan age. Essays and Sermons in the early seventeenth century, Diaries, Travelogues. Letters, Biographies, Periodical Essays and Political Pamphlets, Novel: Factors contributing to its growth - types of Novels: didactic. sentimental,

I~;
~:. J,

epistolary-picaresque

and experimental.

Prescribed Texts:
1. Pactry
Sir Thomas Wyatt: My Galley Charged with Forgetfulness Farewell. Love Whoso List to Hunt They Flee from Me Forget Not Yet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey: Alas. so all things now do hold th~ir peace I never saw YOll. madam. lay apart Sir Philip Sidney:' from Astrophcl and Stella: Loving in truth. and I~lin in vcrse my love to show Not at first sight. nor with a dribbled shot Fly. fly. my friends - I havc illY death wound - lly! from. The Facrie Olll:ene. Book I. Canto stan/.as ':'3 - )4

Edmund

Spenser:

i~;.

from 6.l!~~.!Jl!j: Like as a shir that thrl1ugh the ocean \\"id~ A ft~r long Sl,irmes and tcmpest' s sad assay \Viliiam Shakespearc: I .. Sl).il!l~ly frolll From t~lircst en.:alu:-cs \\;.: desin: increase

n~

20. A ,,'onwn' SI~leL"with na~ur~' 5 o\\n hand pa il~ted 60. Likc"as thL"\\a\'cs m:1kc towards the pebbled shorc'
H7. FaIT,,'cll

- thou art too dear tor my possessing

,-L They that ha\"cpower to hurt 129. Th'c:\pcnse of spirit in a waste of shame 13X. When 111\ love swears that she is made of truth 1-lL Two 1(1\"I':s have. of com fort and despair I John Donne: The (ill,)d \lornm The Canoni/.,~tion Song:" (ille and catch a 1~t1iingstar :\ \:()cturnallupon S. Luei::s Day Ii-om 1101\ Sonncts: At thc round earth's imagin'd corncrs Cod Batter my heart. three person'd A I-I\'mn to God the Father George Herbert: The Temper Denial1

The Collar The Flower Love" Robert Herrick: Tu the Virgins. To Make iVluch of Time Delight in Disorder To Daffodills His Poetrie His Pillar The Retreat The World Man They are all gone into the world ot light Andrew Marvell: To his Coy Mistress The Definition of Love The Garden A Horatian Ode upon Cromwcll"s Rcturn from Ireland To Lucasta. Going Beyond the Seas To Lucasta. Going to the Warres The Grasse-Hopper To Althea. from Prison "ivlae r1ceknoc" "Ode to b~nlll{'

Henry Vaughan:

Richard Lovelace:

John Dryden William Collins:

Thomas Gray: "Elegy Written in a Countr:- Church: arJ" 2. William Shakespeare 3. Ben Jonson - Volpone
-/ 4. Joll/l Miltoll - Paradise Losl Book I

- Richf:lni 11

5. William COllgreve - The H'ay 41he World 6. Alexander P.ope - The Dunciad

7. Thomas Sterne - Trislalli Shol1l(\' 8. Dr. Samuel JOIIllSO/l - Preface Secondary Drama Reauing:
(0

5;lwkespeiln: '

John Lyly - Encl.ymion Robert Greene - Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay Christopher Marlowe- Dr. FousWs William Shakespeare - A lvfidwll1l1ler Night's Dream ~

 William Shakespeare - King Lear John Webster - The Duchess oflvlalji Thomas Middleton ami William Rowley The Changeling .' Thomas Dekker - A Shoemaker's Holiday John Dryden - All for Love William Wycherley - The Country Wife William Congreve - The Way of the World Oliver Goldsmith - She Stoops to Conquer Richard B. Sheridan - The School for Scandol Poetry Edmund Spenser - The Shepherd's Calander (January and May Eclogues) , - f."zeFaerie Queene - Book I. Elfzabethan Poetry - John Hayward The Penguin Book of English Verse Metaphysical Poetry - Helen Gardner The Metaphysical Poets Caroline Poetry - John Hayward The Penguin Book of English Verse Samuel Bt:tler - Hudibras John Dryden - The Epistle to Dr. Arbutnought Alexander Pope - The Rape of the Lock Johnathan Swift - A Modest Proposal Non-Fictional Prose And Novel John Lyly - Euphues: The Anatomy (~f Wit Thomas Nash The Unfortunate Traveller Robert Greene - 171eC01~r-Calchil1g Pamphlets I) "The Ufe Jnd Death aCNed Browne" 2) "A Notable Cutpurse" 3) "Cony Catcher" Sir Phi,lip Sidney - An Apologyjin- PoetJy Sir Francis BaCO:1 Essays John Donne's Sermons Francis Bacon's - The New ALlantis Thomas Browne - Religio Medici Daniel Defoe - Robinson Crusoe Samuel Richardson - Pamela Henry Fielding - Joseph Andrews Tobias Smollett - Humphrey Clinker Thomas Sterne - Tristam Shan(~v Reading:

Recommended

Alpers, Paul J. Elizahethan Essays: Modern Ess(zvs in Criticism. London: OUP, 1967. Bernbaum, E., The Drama o/Sensibility. Boston, 1915.

Boas, F. S., An Introduction to Eighteenth Centliry Drama. Oxford, 1953. Bond, R. P.(ed.) Studies in the Early English Periodicals. Chapel Hill, 1957

Boys, Richard C. Studies ill Lhe Literature (~lthe Augustal1 Age: Essays Collected HOlloI' (dArthur Ellicott Case. New York: Ciordian Press, 1966. Brown, Homer abed. !17stillllions (~lthe English Novel: From Defile to ScaLI. Philadelphi9: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 997. Braunmuller, A. R. and Michael Hatt~\'.'ay. (cds.) A Companirmto English Renais:wl1ce Drama. 2nd edition 2003. ... .

in

Bush. Douglas. 1962.

English

Uler(f[ure

in the Early Sevt'lllee11lh CentllJ~v;. London: OUP,

Butt, J., The AuguslQl1 Age. London: 1950 CentlilY English Clifford, J. L (ed).Eighteenth Criticism. N.Y.1959

Literature.

i'vlodern Essays in

Craye. Jill. (ed.). The Call1hridge'ColI/ponillll to RCllllisSdlln' HUI/IUllisill. Camhridge University Press, 1996. Crutlwell. Patrick. The Shakespearean MOil/ell!. Randlllll I hllise. 19()(). Elton, Oliver. A Survey of English Literature.1730-rSO. (2 Vols.). LO'1don. 1928. Fermor. Una Ellis. The Jacobean Drama: An Illterpre [(Itio II. Vintage Books. 1964. Graham, W. The Beginnings of English Liter{//~l' Pt'riot!ica/s. Oxford. 1926 Holderness, Graham. Textual Shakespeart': II"ri,illg and fhe !Ford. lini\asity of . Hertfordshire Press, 2003. Jack, Ian. Augustan Satire: Press, Intention 1952. . Drall/(I" Modall EsscJYs and Idio1/l ill l:'ng!isli 1'0 elJ:I, IMiti-J 750.

Oxford:
Clarendon Kaufmann, Ralph J. Elizabethan 1970,

ill (:riticisll1.

London:

OUP,

Keast W. R. Sel'el7leel/th Ce11tlll)' Eng/ish l'oelJ:l'. London: OUP. 1962. Kc,mode. Frank. Shakespeare's Langllllge. l.onJtm: P~ngllin BOOKS. 2000. Kettle. A. All Introduction to the Englisli\cJl'd I.ondtm. 19:' I. Kinney. !\nhllr. (.ed.). The C(/mhri(~~[' ( "JIII/'Ii;!!"'/ Call1bridg~ University Pres:,. 2l){)-L
:::OOL i,l i-.u'-'.fi,/;

Ull'mUlr, BI:1Cb\\.'!L

15()O-1

M}O.

KitH'.?). Arthllr,l~d.)

... / COlllIWlli'OIl to N,'IIUi\.\(tii,' iln/!llil.

Knit. .Ian. Sh([k('.\f!('r~m'.

(Jur ('OlUCII/JWl"lI/T 1l}(lLi.l1!1,h'n: \kthucn

lk.\)b.

19S1.

Knights. L. C. J)/"(iI//(/ (llId 80cic/.I ill f/W .{~(' oj .tiJl/\oll. 1\:rL'grine. l)(12. I.egatl. Ak.\.ander (cd.), A ('Olll/Wilil/ll 10 Sh<lko'jl"ill"l'llii ('olllc'dl'. Cambridge University Press. 2002. Legatl. A le.\.ander. f:'l1gIish Dramo: .\"/wke.\/JL'(I/"('to I?cstorul ion /59{)-! !>n(}. London: Longman Leavis, F. R. The Great Tradition. London. 1948.Lewis, Cecil Day. English Literature ill tlit' S'('\'entt'en{h CentlllY Excllldil/g Drama. London: OUP, 1964. l.oornba Ania. and \'lartin Orkin.Ceds.). /'(I\t("O/Ol/iil/.\huknpcure. L,,ndon: Routledge, 1998. Macgu:rc. Lauric E. Stl/((vllIg Shakc.\j!carc: .1(iuiJe lotlie 1'!o)"s.13i::l-:-K\\cll. 2004 Marr, G. S., The Periodical Essayists of the Eighteenth Centll1)'. London, 1923 McDonald. Russ (cd.) Slwknpcor,': .111 .li!!holugl 0( 'rificisJI/ mid Filcol"v 11)./5lOOO.

Blacbvcll.

2004.

Morgan, C.E. The Rise of the Nove/ ofMallners. New York. 1911. Nicoll, A. A., A HisLOf)! of Early Eighteenth eentlllY Drama, 1700-1-50. Cambl'idge 1925, rev.1952. Parfitt, George. El1g/ish Poetf}' of the Seventeenth Cent/T London: Longman

.'
Previte-Olion, C. W., Political Satire in English PoetlY. Cambridge, 191 O. R ichetti, John. The English Nord ill History: 1700 - 1780. London: Routledge, 1999. Ricks. Christopher. (ed.) English Drama to 1710. - The Ne'l.\' Penguin Guide to Literature. , Ricks. Christopher. (ed.) english Poetry and Prose 15.fO~1674.- The New Penguin Guide to Literature. Sherbo, A. English Sentimental Drama. East Lansing, 1957. Singer, G. F. The Epistolary Novel. Philadelphia, 1933. Smith, D. Nichol. Some Observations on Eighteenth Eighteenth CentlilY PoetlY. London, 1937. Spector, R. D. (ed.)Essays on the Eighteenth Century Novel. Bloomington and London, 1965. Stauffer, D. A. The Art (~lBiog,raphy in Eighteenth Century England, Volumes 1 & 2. Princeton, 1941. Stephen, Sir Leslie. English Literature and Society in the EighJeenth Century. London, 1904 Sutherland, J.R., English Satire. Cambridge. 1958. Sutherland, J, R. A Preface to Eighteenth CentlilY Poetry. Oxford, 1948. Tillotson, G., Augustan Poetic Diction. London, 1964. Tillyard, E. M, W. The Eli::abethan World Picture. Peregine, 1963. Walker, Hugh. The EnglishEs.w~v and Ess(~Vists. London, 1915. Waller, Gray. English Poetl)' (~lthe Seventeenth ('emury. London: Longman. Watt, Ian. The Rise of the Novel: St'ldies in Defoe. Richardson and Fielding. London, 1957. Wi lley, Basi I. The Sevenleelllh ( '\l'eJ1llllYBackground. Peregrine, 1962. \\'ray. Ramona. '{omen II'r;ft'l',\ o/iil,' -t!; ( ','lI/IiIT, \!"llnCt)tc House Publi5hing

Ltd. 20(l~.

Examination

Pattel'O:

Theory paper of 100 marks. Question I, on Background theories and issues. will have three internal options. Answers must include references to appropriate texts other than those prescribed. Questions 2, 3 and 4.will be on the prescribed texts with three internal options each and will combine texts.

M.A. Revised Course Paper IV: a) Language Learnin!:i 1. Nature of Linguistic Proficiency,

& Teaching

Syllabus Design and Testing

a) Objectives, Goals and Syllabus Design Nature of language proficiency: competence, performance, communicative competence Functions of English in contclllporary India
General language proficielKY vs. specific proficiencies Is proficiency in language unitary or multi-faceted '? The l'lmnalist approach to teaching language through grammar and voc1bulary: tilL"functional approach through the four skills of reading, wr:ting. speaking. listcning. Principles of syllabus tksign. Types of syllabt.scs: Structural. communicative, notional-functional. procedural and others. Application of the principles of syllabus design lor designing courses in General English, English for Special Purposes. etc. Relationship between syllabus, classroom teachingileaming. situation of use. and testing and target

b) Testing and Evaluation Relationship to thc syllabusi. Relati __ mship between test purpose, test content and test format. Backwash dkct of tcsting on teaching, syllabus. Criteria for a good test: Validity: race .validity: Content validity: Construct \alidit\" Concurrent and Pr.:dictivc validity "Reliability Feasibility. History of language testing 'pre-scientific', psycholinguistic-sociolinguislic periods, communicative,

Empirical validity

psychometrk-strucwralisL integrated.

Approaches to testing: subjective vs objective; direct vs. indirect; integrati\'~ \"s. discrete-point" analytic vs. holistic; communicative; integrated testing. Weight of items and their' functional load' (Spolsky). Is there a best test ': i\1ajor test formats. Open-ended. cloze. dictation. summary completion. multiple-choice. true/false, transformation from one category' 1~)I"mat to another, verbal to non-verbal. Process vs product in testing. Strategies employed in test-taking. question prompt and of nature of task. Assess.ment: Standards, criteria. rating scales Practical work: a) Analysis of actual syllabi at school and college levels. Interpr~tation of the

b) Writing test items in major test formats, and analysing the skills these elicit. 2. Methods of Language Teaching, use. a) Methods and classroom interaction Approach, method, technique Is there a 'best' method? fs teaching an art or a science? Classroom Interaction and Materials to

ivlethods of language teaching: G,'ammar- Translation, Direct, Audio-Lingual/Visual. Task-oriented/Commlinicative. Commllnicational (Prabhu), Immersion approach. the Natural Method. Does teaching interfere with the karning process? Is teaching equivalent to learning? Sequence in presentation of grammatical features yersus saturation (natural input). Classroom interaction patterns. Classroom management based on these patterns. Ways of assessing effectiveness in classroom leachin~. b) Materials for Language Learning/Teaching: " Principles of sdection and production of mat'~rials. adaptation and simplification: Re!evance and appropriateness. method of teaching. Relationship of text and exercise to technique and

"Authentic" and "fabricated"matcrials Appropriate challenge in terms of linguistic and cc1.:;niti\c demailds .. Learner ii,VO Ivement. Cultural content Practical work:

a) Peer group teaching using specitic methods' techniques b) Survey of available materials. Productiun of c\:Cfcises for specific skills and purposes. 3. The Process of Learning . a) Language Skills, Linguistic Knowledge and Teaching Techniques. Analysis of the skills of reading, writing, speaking. listening. Strategies employed by the good reader, writer, oral communicat?r. Techniques for teaching these skills.

b) Grammar; Di!'course Analysis: Descriptive and pedagogical grammar. Techniques of teaching grammar and vocabulary. Discourse analysis. Linguistic form and discourse function. rhetorical organisation, coherence. cohesion. What is a text?-

Rhetorical organisation: Topic, theme: given and ne\\" information. Rhetorical structure analysis. e.g. cause-effect patterns: antithesis. statement ofcondilions.

Relationship between spans of text within a text: cohesion and coherence, including the use of punctuation and paragraphing. The impact of the grammar-based teaching. and discourse-based approaches on language

Practical work: Practice teaching on peer group, trying out techniques for a) teaching specific language skills; b) teaching through the use of grammar vs tliscourse-based teaching. Rhetorical analysis of texts. 4. Language Acquisition & Error Analysis: . a) Language Acquisition: First language acquisition and second language learning/ acquisition Chomsky's language acquisition device (nati\ist approach) and behaviorist and interactionist theories l\laturational factors in L! acquisition. Learncr charactaistics affecting L2 iearning/ karning. The distinction between acquisitil~n and learning, formal and informal learning. Learning processes. Optimal sequence or morpheme acquisition. interaction and instruction. Role of inpuL .

b) The nature of error. Explanations for error: (i) DevelQpmental grammar. intcrlal1gli~!gc. prucc:.'scs of learning, ('.g. o\~rgeneralisation / intra-linglial error (n:lcrolm~!liln theory. Oi) The contrastiv~ analysis hypothesis mmhcf tongue interference/interlingu31 error (habil (nmnlin:1till.'ory). Types of error: Syntactic. phonological. lexical. Jisc'')llrs~ : cohesion. coher~nce. register. Errors of correctness/acceptability. api'ropriatcncss. intelligibility. Types of feedback an error: knowledge of results. atli:ctivc nature of feedback. Effect of teacher correction: input. intake. Whether feedback/ correction helps. Fossilization of language forms.

Practical

work:

a) Data collection of first and second language acquisition! learning and analysis of data
b) Error analysis of written assignments by E51. learnersftranscripts

of classroom

language. RECOMMENDED READING

Topic 1 1. Smith, Neil& Wilson, Deirdre. 1979/ 1980. Modern Linguistics: The Results 0/ Chomsky's Revolution. Penguin. (Chapters 1 and 2) 2. Syal, Pushpinder & Jindal, D. V. 1998. An Introduction to Linguistics: Language, Grammar &Semantics. New Delhi: Prentice-Ha II. . 3. Cameron, Deborah. Verbal Hygie'le. 1995. Lond. and N. Y:Routledge 4.Yalden, Janice. 1987. Principles of Course Design/or Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 5. Prabhu, N.S. 1987. SecondLang/iage Pedagogy. Oxford University Press. 6. Widdowson, H.G. 1978. Teaching Language as Com11lunicarion. Oxford University Prt;ss 7. Alderson, J.e. & Ht:ghes, Arthur (eds.). 1981. Issues in Language Testing. ELT Documents III. The British Council. 8.
C)

Bachman, Lyle F. 1990. Fundamental ConsideraTions in Langnage Testing. Oxford University Press. Spolsky. B. 1973. What does it mean to know a language or how do you get someone to perform his competence? In Oller. J\\' led) Focus on the Learner. Newbury House. Rowley. MA. pp 164 - 76. 10. Bachman L.F & Palmer. A.S . 1982. The construct validation of some components of communicative language proficiency. TESOL Quarterly 16 (4).
pp 449 ,--65.

Topics 2 & 3 II. Prabhu. N.S. 1987. Second Language Pedagogy. Oxford University Press. 12. Brown. H. D. 2001. Teaching by Principles. Premice-Hall. 13. Carter. R. & D. Nunan.200l. The Cambridgr: Guide tll Teaching English 10 SiJeakers ufother Languages. Cambridge Lini\ers:ry Press. 14. Cclcc-i\rlurcia. Marianne & Sharon Hills. 990. T~c;111iqlles ollil Re.wurcL'.'" ill_ Teaching Gr(lmmw. Oxford L;niversit) Press IS. Long. ivlichael & Jack Ri..:hards (cds.). 1987.. ~k:;iodology in T~OL: A Book uf Readings. NewburyHouse/Haqxr & Row. ! 6. Hall. David R. & Ann Hewings (eds.). 200 !1!!?tin7liol1 ill EJ1gh~hLanguage_ Teaching. New York: Routledge. 17. Richard-Amato. Patricia and Marguerita Ann Sn~"'\\. 1992. The cHulTintil1lrtl( Classrooll1. London: Longman. 18. Richards. Jack & Ted Rodgers. 200 I.. '/JPnJocli.:' LInd Jlelhod, ill I.m~Zllage_ Teaching. Cambridge University Press. 19. Richards. J.e. 1985. The COil/ext o(Lon,!!.lfoge T<,,;ching. Cambridge Lniversity Press.

i.

20. Nunan. David. 1989. Desl~!Jl1ing Tasks/orlhe COilllJllfniclltin! C!lL'i . Oi1l. m Cambridge University Press .. 21. Alderson. J.C. & Urquhart. ,A .H. (eds). !984. R':t:Jing in a Foreign Language. London: Longman 22. Shaughnessy. M.P. 1977. Errors and ExpeClmiO':.': A Guide to Basic fFriting. New York: Oxford University Press. 23. Kroll, Barbara (ed.). 1992. Second Language Trrf:ing. Cambridge University Pres. 24. Harmer. Jeremy. 1983. The Pmclice olEnglish LlI1guage Teaching. Lond. & N.Y.:Longman.

25. Ochs, Elinor & Schieffelin, Bambi B. 1983. Acquiring Conversational Competence. N.Y.: Routledge & Kegan PauL 26. Hoey, MichaeL 1991. Patterns of Lexis in Texl. Oxford University Press. 27. Leech, Geoffrey N. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. Lond. & N.Y.: Longman. 28. Brown, G. & Yule, G. 1983 - Discourse Ana~vsis. Cambridge University Press. 29. McCarthy, Michael. 1991. Discourse A nalpisfor Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press. Topic 4 30. Aitchison, Jean. 200 I. The Articu/ale A/amma/: An llllroducliOtuo Psycholingllistics.jlh ed. Lond. & N.Y.: Routledge. 31. Spolsky, Bernard. 1989. Condit iom for Secvnd Language Learnir:g. Ox ford University Press. . 32. Larsen-Freeman, Diane and Michael H. Long. 1991. An Introduction to second Language Acquisition Research. Lond. & N. Y.: Longman. 33. Ellis, Rod. 1984. Classroom Secolld Language De"elofJment: A SllI((v of Classroom Interaction and Longuage Acquisition Oxford: Pergamon (esp. Chaps. 5 & 7). 34. Ellis. RDd. 1986. (}nderstwulint:: Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University Press. 35. Dulay, H. Burt. ivl. & Krashcll. S.I). 1982. Language Two. \:cw York: Oxford University Press. 36. Krashen. S.D. 1982. I'rincil'!t'S Illd/'rae-tice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon (esp. Chaps. 4 & :' ). 37. Richards. Jack C. 1972 .. /nllllmduuilln /(J Error Analysis. Lond: Longll13n. 38. Corder. S.P. 1981. I:'-rrur .!n/1sis and !!!!t!r-!a!1guage. Oxford University Press. 39. Cohen, A.D. 1987. All IlIirududiIJi/ to !.lIllguage Testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. For Project work 40. Wray. Alison~ Kate Twtl &. :\ib.:n '~:,~,)m~r. l'NS. Projects ill Lillguisfics: A Practic(d Guide to Researching i.lIngulI.::',. I.onl~.::\rnold. Examination Pattern:

100 Marks Theory Paper Each question will be of ~5 marks. There will be four questions with thr~L:internal options for each question. The "questions may combine topics. \\hcrncr admissible.

M.A. Revised Paper IV : b) Nineteenth And Twentieth

COli rse Century American Literature

Background on American literature. A) Developments in 19th century: Impact of Puritanism Frontier Myth in American literature. The concept of American Adam. American romanticism, New England transcendentalism, philosophy of self-reliance. American Civil War, abo~iticn of sbvery. Re'_J:sm and Naturalism B) 20th century developments Renaissance. the Southern Expressionism and Surrealism. up to World Ret.aissance, War II: the Jazz Age, impact of Symbolism, the Harlem Imagism.

the Lost Generation.

C) Developments after Worid War II: The etTects of World War' II. Cold War. McCarthy era. the Beat Generation. The Philosophy of the Absurd. Jewish American voices. Con fessional poet::>. :\ll1erican \ 111lti-clilwral ism. Black \V omen \\Titers. Native American voices. Prescribed Texts Bifh-Budd

I) Herman iv1ch'ilk: 2) Walt Whitman:

Sons" of\!y::>df
.:\ Woman \\ aits

fix \ic

o Car-lain

\1:. Captain ;\ Noi::>L'k-:::>ainh:J Spider P I lkar-\mcri..:a Sillgin~ F,ll" Yl)ll () !)~;n.'l.I~:.:\

3) Short S:.ories Nathaniel Ha\'.thorne The \1 in i:-;l\:r' s B!:u:k Veil

Edgar Allan Poe Steph-:n Crane Jack London. Bret Harte MClI-kTwain Fall orthe 1I,.';15e of Usher. The Gold Bug The Upen B'XIl To Bui!J a Fir: Ho\\ Santa Clau::>Came to Simpson's The i\lan That Corruptcd Hadleyburg Bar

4) Tennessee Williams: A Srn:elcar Sallied Desire 5) Langston Hughes : I Too Sing America Mother to Son Negro Speak:; of Rivers Wearv Blues Let America be America Dream Variations As I Grcw Older Dream Deterred
J

6) Waliace

Stevens:

Sunday Morning The \lan \\ith the Blue Guitar

2..3

The Snow Man Thirteen Wr.ys of Looking at a Black Bird Anecdote of the Jar The Man whose Pharynx was Bad The Comedian as the Letter C

William Falllkn~r -v 8) Bernard Malamud ~/ 9) Alice Walker

~/7)

The Sound and the Fw}" The AssiSlant The Temple ojJrv Familiar

Supplementarv

Reading: Selj:reliance
TYalden

Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Nathaniel Ha\vthorne Herman Melville Ernest Hemingway Eugene O' Neill Arthur Miller J. D. Salinger Tony l\'lorrison Alice Walker Arthur i'vlilkr Recommended Boyars. ! 97,L Chase.
1957.

The Scarlet Leller Jfobv Dick The Old Man and the Sea Emperor .Jones
.,II! J~\'Som C. '(ilcher in thl! Rl'e

The Song a/Sololllo/1 Possl!ssing the Secret 0(.10.1' ../11.\I~' Sons

Reading: (Ed.) C;!illt'iIlpOran' foe/n'
"[h" .-imaiC(/;1

Robert. Richard.

ill America. :-\ew Yelrk: Sch;J.:kcn. /i-wiilion. Nt:\\ ')"ork' i)"ut"k Day,

.\O\'el anelils

Cohn. Ruby. SelF Americull Dramatists Dcmna. Alan. Fiji) Y.::,ar, of.li!leric({n
1951.

/%O-/9SU. London: :vlac\'l!!ian. !982. DralllU!900-!~150. Chicagc lLgnery.

Gaustad. E.S. flit' Grc(Ii .l\mkening in A"ell' England. New '{ark: Harper. 1957. Ford. Boris. (Ed.) The Sell Pelican Guide ro Engiish Ii:t:ralure .. -\merican Literature. Vol 9. Hassan. Ihaal). COn!l!lI!pm'w:\' .-1l11l!riconLiterotllre. /i)-!5-19~2:.-111 illlrut/lfUioll. New York. Frederick L ng::r Publ ish ing Company.i 979. Hassan. lhab. Rac/iea/lniloccnce: Swelie.lil! thc COi1i:!lIljJorary Alilcrico!/ "(}\cl. Prinston: Prinsun L'ni\ersi[~ Press. 1961. Hoffman. Daniel. Hurnlra Guide fe) CUnlel!ipOran' .illicrican Writing. Cambridge, \ilass. Harvard University Press. 1979. Kiernan. Robert. AllieticUi! Wril iJig ,)"incl! /9-15: .--1 Cril ieal SIll..-e)'. :\e\\ \{ ork: Frederick Ungar Publishing C)mpany. 1982. \la55.: Harvard l!niva:)ity Prt:ss. Rosenblatt. Roger. B!uck Ficfioll. Cambridge. 197-1. Tytell. John. Naked Angel,: York: \1cCra\\-Hill. 1976
TZu: LiFes Lind Liferalurt!

cf [he Beat Gellc'l"utioll. Ne\1

Walker, Marshall. The Literature of the United States of America. London: Macmillan, 1983. Weiland, D. S. R (Ed).The United States: A Companion to American Studies. London: Methuen, 1974. Young, Philip. Three Bags Full: Essays in American Fiction. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1972. Examination Pattern : Theory Paper of 100 Marks Q.l on the Background Themes and Issues with three internal options. Answers to be given with reference to appropriate texts, other than those prescribed. Q.2: 3 &4 on the Prescribed Texts with three i~ternal options each and combinati0:: of texts.

M. A. (Revised)

Paper V - LITERARY THEORY AND CRITICISM

Prescribed Te.xts Criticism

A) Classical and Romantic Aristotle - Poetics

William Wordsworth - Preface to The Lyrical Ballads Matthew Arnold Function a/Criticism Kev COllce{JfSin Classical Criticism. I. Concepts of order and discipline. 2. The importance of 'decorum". 3. View of Reality Kev COl1c:!ptsin Romantic Criticism. I. Thc,,:mphasis on Imagination 2. 3. Experimentation Viewof reality with new forms and themes

B) Formalism

and Marxism

Victor Shklovsky AI'; as Technique Terry Eagl'eton ,Harxism and Litermy Criticism Louis Althu~ser
TIn?

Ideoiogical5'tate

Apparatus

KeF COlleeNS ili Formalism.

I.
L..

Varieties of Formal ism Cultural background of American Formalism Cultural background of Russian Formalism Kel' COllCt!utsill J/arxiSIll.

3.

I. The concepts of culture. language. literature and ideology 2. Cultural Theor: 3. Literary Theory

C) Modernism

and Postmodcrnism

Ortega )'e Gasset The Death oj't/If! .vowl Ihab Hassan The Postlllodern Turn: Ess(~vs in Postmodern Ess(~rs mid Cullure Frederic Jameson PostlllodernislIl (/nd Consumer Society

Kev Concepts in Alodernism The modernist concept of the relationship between the self and society. 2. Experimentation in forms and themes - its pervasiveness in the other art forms. harmony and radiance"

3. The value of"wholeness,

Kev Concepts in Postmodernism I. Incredulity towards all metanarratives

2. Revisioning the concepts of representation. sulziectivity and olli.:ial histories 3.. Text as a "tissue of quotations from various sites of culture"

D) Feminism.

Postcolonialism

and Reader R~ponse

Toril rvloi Sexual/Textual Franz hnon

Politics: Feminist Literary Theory

Pitfalls of National Consciousness

Stanley Fish Is There a Text in This Class? Kev Concepts in Feminism I. Femininity as a linguistic 'construct' 2. Central theory or playful pluralism. teminist critique and g~n('.:riticislll 3. Queer theory - problematising "compulsory hela\)SCXllillil~ ..

Fn'
L.

Concepts in Postcalania/ism
5:. :;1CI11 ,)

Strategies used in postcolonial discourse to subvert the va lue coloniser which was paraded as universal.

r 1 he

Narrating nations (H. Bhabh~) and reacting to 'hiSiOrical catakp5: .. (A.

Nle
III 111

i)

3. \'loving li'olll a re-active to a pro-active position.

KeF

('(ll/ccms in Reader Response

I. Concepts of horizon of expectation. interpretative eO!l1lllunities ') The' pe r!'()J"lllaee . of the reader in the construction of the mean ing 0 f the n
text.

3. i\'1Ltltiplicityof meanings due to life-to-text interactions. Recommended Reading: :>[ato. Republic. Books 1/ & .Y Alexander Pope. Essay on Criticism S. T. Coleridge. Biographia Literaria - Chapter XIII on Fancy and InuginatiC'!1 Walter Pater. "An Essay on Style" in Appreciations. A. C. Bradley. Poeu)' for Poetry's Sake. Cleanth Brooks, "The Language of Paradox" (from The rVell-Wro/lghr ['1"11. London: Dennis Dobson. 1960)

2.(

T. S. Eliot. Tradition and the Individual Talent. R. Jakobson, "Linguistics and Poetics" "The Metaphoric and Metonymic Poles" (both in Lodge, 1988) J. Culler, Structuralist Poetic. (Chap.!) London: Routledges & Kegan Paul, 1975. S. Freud, "Creative Writing and Day-dreaming" (in Lodge, 1972) G. Lukacs, "The Ideology of Modernism" (in Lodge. 1972) Gerard Genette. Structuralism and Literary Criticism. Roland Barthes. The Death of the Authvr. Jacques Derrida. Structure, Sign and Play i/1the Discourse of Human Sciences. Aijaz Ahmed. Orientalisl11 Revisited. M. Bakhtin. "From the Prehistory of NOllelistic DisCOlm;e" (in L0dge.1988) J. Kristeva. "The Ethics of Linguistics" (in Lodge. 1988) M. Foucault, "rVhat is an AuthorT' (in Lodge. 1988) Paul de Man. "The Resistance to Theory'" (in Lodge. 1988) J. Mitchell. "Femininity. Narrative and Psychoana(ysis" (in Lodge, 1988) C. MacCabe, "Language. Linguistics and the Study of Literature" (in Lodge. 1988) F. Jameson. "The Politics of Theory Ideological Positions in the Postmodernism Debate"(in Lodge. 1988) T. Eagleton. "Capitalism. Modernism (lnd Postmodernis111" (in Lodge. 1988) R.C. Holub. Reception nleory': A Critical/11Iroduction. London: Methun. 1984. Stephen Greenblatt. Learning to Curse.' Essays in Early i\Iodern Culture. New York: Routledge. 1990. H. Aran Veeser (ed.). The Nell" HislOricism. :\ew York: Routledge. 1989. John Brannigan. New Historicism and Cultural .\fateria!ism. New York: St. \Iortin's Press. 1998. R. i iolub. "Henneneutics" and "Ph~nomenoiogy" (both in The Cambrid,vc Ifistorv of Literary Criticism. Vol. ed. R.Se!den. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995) . \-1. Heidegger. Poc!rJ. Longz!ag('. T"iumgiJr. (trans. A. Hofstadter), New York: Harper & Ro\\'. 1971. De\-id Lodge. Modem Criticism and Theory. Pearson Longman. 2nd End .. 2007. Examination Pattern: Theory paper of 190 marks. Questions 1. 2. 3. and 4 will be of 25 marks each with three internal options. Combination of texts is possible.

-.

Revised M.A. Course Paper VI: Literature Background From The Romantic To The Victorian Age

~ Themes and Issues

A. The socio-ecol1ol1lic. political. historical and intellectual

background of/Ire Romantic Age

The impact of thinkers like Burke and Rousseau (as against Locke ~l,_': Hobbes) on English Romantic writing (poetry. essay and :lovel). The gradual transition from Neo-classical literature to Rom~tic writing 35 seen in the works of the Augustan Nature poets like Goldsmith.. Gray. Laj~. Winchdsca and the Pre-Romantic poets.. Cowper. Collins.. Thomson. The in fluence of German Transcendentalism (Schelling,. Hegel. Kant) an':: . European Romanticism (Goethe) on the English Romantic writers.

B. Tire "'iocio-(,col1ol1lic. olitical, historical and intellectual p

!Jackground of the Victorian Age

The Industrial Revolution and its impact on nineteenth literature. Utilitarianism and laissez-faire ideas. century life an.:

The scientific temper and its impact on the writers of the time. Th~ corresponding decline of faith and the growth of agnosticism. l'harlism and the Oxford Movement The Pn:-Raphaelite Movement and the growth of Aestheticism .

Your answer to the question nn the Background must reflect y,-,v iIi~lril: _ Illll on Iy with the writers whose works are prescribed I()(" ~tudy. but al~: t!JOSl'that katlln: in the Secondary Reading list.
.Yole 10 sl/{{II'/lls:
1;\111

Prcscl"ihed Texts: 1. I~omantic Poetry \Villiam 8Iake "The Divine Image" "Piping Down the Valleys Wild" "The Chimney Sweeper" "A Poison Tree" William Wordsworth "She dwelt among the untrodden ways" "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey"' "The world is too much with us" Samuel Taylor Coleridge "The Rime Mthe Ancient Mariner" (Sections IV ar:c V) Percy B. Shelley "Ode to a Skylark" "Ode to the West Wind" "Mutability" John Keats "Ode on a Grecian Urn" "To Autumn" "Bright Star" Lord Byron ~'The Eve of Waterloo" "So we'll go no more a - roving"

2. Prose Works
Charles
r-.ly

Lamb Essays ofElia

Relations '1'\1,'0 Races of Men

The

A Bachelor's Complaint of the Behaviour (If Married People

Matthew Arnold C'u!tllre and Anorcl11'; Chapter I - Sweetness and I.igln Chapter 2 - Doing as one likes Thomas Carlyle "'Past and Present" Books I and II John Ruskin Sesame and Lilies. Lecture I - OfKing.s' Treasuries"

Alfred Tennyson L VI and

Victorian, Pre-Raphaelite PoetlY and Hopkins In Mel11oriul11 Sections I. IX, XIX, XXVII, XXXV,
XCVI. "The Lotus-Eaters"

L, LV,

"Break, Break, Break" Robert Browning "My Last Duchess" "The Last Ride Together' Matthew Arnold "Dover Beach" "The Scholar Elizabeth Barrett Browning Qypsy" - ."oJ1I1r!lsfml11 the POrluxese

must love me let it be for nought.. ... "Beloved. thou has brought me many flo.vas .... ""\hen our two slh'ldd stand up erect and strong .... Thomas Hardy ",-\re you digging on my gr<l\e"!" D.G.Rossetti "Barren Spring" "Sudden l.ight" Christina Rossetti ':Rernember me. \\h . I am gone" " Gerald M. llopkins "The \Vindhover" "Pied Beauty" "No worst there is none"

." r thou

3. Charles Dickens - David Copperfield

5.
6.

William Thackeray

- Vallilr Fair

George Eliot - Daniel Deronda

7. Thomas Harc{v - Jude the Obscure

8. Oscar Wilde - The Importance of Being Ernest

Reading: William Blake 777e Marriage (dIkal'en Jean J. Rosseau Social COI7ll'act Secondary

and Hell

Mary Woolstonecraft Vindication (~llhe RI'I:f!.lJls (~lH'()mel7 Mary Shelley Frankenstein Percv B. Shellev Prometheus Unho7lnd ~

John Keats "Lamia" and "The Eve ot'St. Agnes" Benjamin Disraeli Sybil' Charles Kingsley Westlrard Ifo Charlotte Bronte JWII! EVI'I! Elizabeth Gaskell. Cranford . .lane Austen 5';l!I1SC llnd Sen.,i!Jilily John Henry Newman, Apologia Pro Vita Sua John Ruskin Unto This Lasl Joseph Conrad Nigger O(/Varciss/ls Oscar Wilde. The PiCl1lreof Dorian Gray.
Sir \Valter Sent! !F(mhot!

RccomJll'~JJ(lcd

Reading:

H. The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tra(/it ion. Oxford University Press. 1971. Bloom, Harold. (Ed.) Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism. W. W. Norton & Co .. 1970. Bradley, Deane. The Making of the Victorian Novelist: Anxieties of Authorship in the i'vlass Market. London: Routledge, 2003. Cecil, David. Early Victorian Novelists. Collins, 1966. Dearborn, Fitzroy. Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era }-60-1850. )\ew York: 2004. 2 volumes, Vol. 2 . 945-946. Deirdre, David The Cambridge Companion to the Victorian Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001. I:::bbatson. Roger. An Imaginary England: Nation. Landscape and Literature. 18401920. Ashgate Pllblishing, Ltd. 2005. Feldman. Paula. British Women Poets of the Rom(J17IicEra: An Anrh%gy.: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2001. Hough. Graham. The Last Romantics, 'Methuen, 196/. Jack. Ian. English Literature 1815 - 1832, Oxford Uni\ersity Press. 1963. Jacobs, Richard. A Beginner's Guide to Critical Reading: An Anthology of Literary Texts. London: Routledge, 2001. Klarer, Mario. An Introduction to Literary Studies. London: Routledge, 1999 Kreilkamp. Ivan. Voice and the Victorian Storyteller Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Mahoney, John. (Ed.) The English Romantics: Major Poetly and Critical TheOl)l, D.C.Health & Co., 1978.
IV!.

Abrams,

Miller, J. Hillis. The Disappearance of God: Five Nineteenth 'Century Writers. New York, Scholar Books, 1965. Mipshi, Masoa. The Divided Self: A Per::.pective on the Literature o/the Vicrorians. New York University Press. . O'Neill, Michael. (ed.), Literature of the ROinantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Phegley. Jennifer and Janet Badia Reading Won1en: Literary Figures and Cultural Icons fr~m the Victorian Age Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2005. Pollard, Arthur. (Ed.) The Victorian~, Penguin, 1987. Richards. Bernard. English Poetry of the Victorian Period 1830 - 1890, Longman.

.'

Shorter, Clement. Victorlan Literature: 8{'(ty Years oj Books and Book/lren. Kessinger Publishing. 2u04. Wheatley, Kim. Romantic Periodicals and Print Culture.: London: Routledge, 2003. Wheeler, Michael. English Fiction of the Victorian Period 1830 - 1890, Longman Literature in English Series, Longman. . Whitehead, A.N. Science in the Modern World, Cambridge University Press, 1945. Willy, Basil. Nineteenth Century Studies, Chatto & Windos, 1964. Willy. Basil. More Nineteenth CentlllY Studies: A Group oj Honest Doubters, Cambridge University, 1980. Examination Pattern: Theory paper of 100 marks. Question I. 01' Background theories and issues, \\ill have three internal options. Answers must include references to appropriate texts other than those prescribed. Questions 2, 3 and 4 will be on the prescribed texts with three iilternal options with combination of texts.

31 .
Revised M.A. Course Paper VII: Anglo-Irish Literature of the
20th

Century

Background Themes and Issues (a) Modernist Literary Movements. the War Years and Revolutions: Impact on Literature of the cultural movements in art, literature, music & architecture such as Imagism, Symbolism. Surrealism. Cubism, Bauhaus, Existentialism, Expressionism, Jazz. (b) Impact 0:1 Literature of the 20th Century of World War I and II such as the bil1h of machine warfare, trench battles, air battles, the atom bomb; Impact of 20th Century Revolutions such as the Russian Revolution, the German Revolution. the Irish Freedom Movement, Divided Ireland, the Irish Troubles. (c) Post modern Literary Movements and Post-Imperial Scenario: Impact on Literature of Nihilism. Pop Art, Absurdism. Postmodernism in art, literature, architecture and music; Alternative narratives such as m<\gic realist, fantasy, gothic. meta fiction. (d)lmpact on Literature of1-oSS of Empires, Rise of Postcolonial Societies, Social and Psychological Realism, Rise of Multiculturalism, Racism, Rise of the New Left, Feminism, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Hippie and Drug Culture, Globalisation, Information Technology. Impact on Literature of Diaspora and Immigra~ion, Cultural Hybridity. P"cscribed Fiction: I. 2. 3. 4. Texts:

Virginia Woolt~ Mrs. Dal/oway D.H. Lawrence, Women in Love James Joyce, The Dubliners Hanif Kureshi, The Buddha o/Suburbia

Poetry: , 5. T.S. Eliot, 'Burnt Norton'. from The Four Quartets W.B. Veats, 'Among School Children'. 'Circus Animals' Desertion', 'Leda and the Swan', 'An Acre of Grass', 'Sailing to Byzantium', 'The People'. (from, W.B. Veats, Selected Poel1y) Wilfred Owens, 'Strange Meeting', 'Insensibility' Siegfried Sassoon, 'An Anthem for Doomed Youth' W.H. Auden, 'Unknown Citizen', 'Law Like Love' (From ThePenguin Book o/Contemporary Verse, Edited by Kenneth Allott) Dylan Thomas, 'A Refusal to Mourn' Seamus Heaney, 'The Otter'. 'Funeral Rites' Anne Stevenson, 'The Marriage' Carol Rumen, 'The Freedom Won by War for Women' James Fenton, 'A Vacant Possession' (from The Penguin Book o/Contemporary British Poetry, edited by Blake Morrison and Andrew Motion) Drama: 6. John Synge. Riders to the Sea 7. T.S. Eliot. Murder in the Cathedral 8. Harold Pinter. The Caretaker 9. Tom Stoppard, Rosencranlz and Guildenstem

are Dead

32

Secondary
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Reading:
Andrew:

Motion

First World War Poems

Remarque Maria Erich: All QuieT on the Western Front W.B. Yeats: The Countess CaThleen

Carol Churchill: Top Girls Peter Shaffer: Equus Robert Bolt: A lv/anfor All Seasonsu George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion Martin Amis: Money Salman "Rushdie: FllIJ' 10 . .lames Joyce: U~Fsses II. \Villiam Golding: Lord of-:he Flies /2. Iris Murdoch: The Sea, The Sea
J

3. Virginia Woolf: To the Lighthouse 14. Doris Lessing: The Gra.ss is Singillg C 15. Dermot Bolger: Tlte Vintage Booli (~l onlemporary 16. Patrick Mccabe: Breakfast all Pluto: A Novel 17. Paul Muldoon: Selected PoefJ)': /968-1998 18. Patrick Crotty: .Modern I1"1:<;h Poell)'." An Anthology 19, Brian Friel: Trallslations

!ri.\" Fiction

20. S~muel Beckett: Krapp's LasT Tape 21. Oscar Wilde: The Importance (~(Being EarneST
(These texts should be drawn upon for background teaching examination and for practical work. if any)

Recommended
I. ,2. 3. 4.

i .. ReadIng:

Bentley Eric: The PlaYlI'r('-!/uas Thinker: A SlII,t\ of Drama ill Modern Times. New York. 1946. Williams Raymond: Drama/rom Ibsen to Eliot. Penguin. 1968. Innes Christopher: Modern British Drama /890-/990, Cambridge

University Press, 1992 Taylor John Russell ed.: Anger and After: Drama. Penguin rev. 1963: 5. Esslin Martin: The Theatre of the Absurd, Modern Verse Drama, 6. Heathcliffe,Arnod: Series 7. Heathcliffe Arnod: The Absurd. rvtetheun 8. Weston Richard: Modernism. 9. Garrett Chris: Introducing :\1oderm:<;m

A Guide to Nell' British

Pelican. rev. 1968 Metheun Critical Idiom Critical Idiom Series

10, Overy Paul: De S't!il: .11'/. ,..Jrchifecllire. Design (World oj.-1m II. Grenz Stanley .I: A Primer on Posfmodernism 12. Best Stephen: Posfmodern Theory 13.' Smith Gregory Bush: Nil!t:~\clle. Heir/egger. and tlte Transitioll to

.Postllwtlerni(l'
14. Kuspit Donald: Signs of P!>)'chein Modern and Postmodem 15. Geddes Gary: Twentieth Century Poetry and Poetics 16. Morgan Robert: Anthology o/Twentieth Century Ml!sic

Art

) I
)

17. Parrinder Patrick: Nation and Novel: The English Novelfrom its Origins to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006 18. Harper Margaret Mills: The Spiritual and Literary Collaborations of George alld W.B. Yeats, OxfOid University Press, Oxford, 2006 I 'J. Kendall: Modern English War Poel1y, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006 20. Potter Rachel: Modernism and Democracy, LiteI'm)' Culture 1900-1930, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006 21. Sheringham Michael: Evel)Jday L(fe, Theories and Practicesji-olll SurreJlism to the Present, Oxford Univer:;ity Press, Oxford, 2006 22. Toril Moi: Henrik Ibsen al1d the Birth of Model'11ism: Art. Theatre, Phi!osophy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006 23. Elic.~abethButler Cullingford: Ireland's Others: Ethnicity and Gender in Irish Uterature and Popular Culture. University of Notre Dame Press.
2(JJ~:

24. t~elson O'Ceallaigh Ritschel: S)'Ilge and Irish Yationalism: The Pr.?cursor to Revolution, Greenwood Press, 2002 25, Diarmaid Ferriter: the Transformation aflrelal1d. Overlook Press. 2005 26. Stephen James Meredith Brown: Ireland in Fiction. A Guide 10 Irish Novels, Tales. Romunces and Folk Lore, Ayer Company Publishers.. 1985 Examination Pattern: 100 Marks Theory Paper Q. 1 on the Background The-mes and Issues with three internal options Answers to be given with reference 1() appropriate texts, other tha'n those prescribed. 'Q. 2, 3,4 on the Prescribed Texts with three internal options each 11nJ combination of texts.

)
!

Paper VIII:

a) In(lian Literature

In Tr~nslation

The objective of this paper is to offer an exhaustive study of Indian literatures in the various Indian languages through English translation. The paper will cover the history of Indian Literature from the medieval times down to our own. It will concentrate on major movements, trends and tendencies, besides the major authors and literary texts. Since the paper concentrates on Indian literature in translation. r.ot on the act of translation itself: the focus \vil! be on the literary movements, texts and authors. NewI1heless a brief acquaintance with prob!ems and issues involved in literary translation also forms a Paft of the paper.

I. The outline and short history of Indian literature

from twelfth century

to our times.

Various movements swept across the nation and their impact on Indian life and literature: a) The Bhakti movement: A reaction against the Brahminical social structure and the way of . lite. A resistance to the Sanskritised. Devotion to spirituality and eHarts to bring it down to the masses. A sense of social equalily and grievances against the caste-system. A cultural revolution. The medieval Indian Renaissance. b) The influence of Islamic culture on Indian life and literature: TIle Muslim invasions in the medieval period. Wars with the native r:tlers and their effects. Social customs like sati, purdah. etc. The Mughal period. Babumama. Akbar's initiatives towards communal harmony. Din-e-llahi Aina-e-Akhar. TIle Mughal architechrue. TIle emergence of Urdu as an Indian language and its literature c) The colonial impact on Indian literature: The Battle of Plassey in 1757. The introuduction of English in Indian education. Anglo-Indian literature. Nov 1 as a new literary genre. Romanti:::ism and Modernism and their impact on Indian writings. The colonial criti.:al notions. Formalism, Surrealism. the Freudian analysis of the human mind and personality. d) The recent trends in Indian writing: The Indian national freedom movenemtn. The spread of education among the masses. The spread of democratic values. Mass movements. mass literature. Literature of the rural life and of tribal experiences. The 'crisis' of language and the related issues. II: Issues and IH'oblems involved in translating literarv texts: a) transference of meaning from Source Language to Target Language i) decoding & encoding of meaning. ii) constraint between major and minor languages b) The concept of equivalence in translatior:, c) Loss of meaning in translation i) loss of culture-specific features ii) loss of genre-specific features d) Free and faithful translation i) faithfulness to the original text ii) liberties taken in the act of literary translation Texts

Poetry:
I. Selections from Akka Mahadevi: from, A.K. Ramanujan's

Speaking ofShiva and from, The Golden Treasury: An Anthology of Urdu Poetry, Ajmed AIi (ed)

2. Kabir: Bijak of Kabir, translated by Linda Hess and Sukhdev Singh.

35.

3. Selected Poems by the following Contemporary Indian Poets: a. Jibanananda Das ) ,b. B.S. Mardhekar ) The Depal1ment shall make the selected poems c. G.K. Adiga ) of these poets available in English transhtioll. d. Namdeo Dhasa! ) e. Daya Pawar ) f. Dalpat Chavan )

NO':~I:
4. Munshi Premchand: Nirl1lala. Translated by Alok Rai. OUP. 1999 5. S.S. Pillai. Chct!l1ien 6. O. V. Vijayan. Tho! Lengend olKhasak

Drama:
7. Girish KamaI'd: Nagmandala. OUP 8. Premanand Gajvee: Kinmnt. Seagul. 2005 9. Dhiruben Patel: Biwmi Bhomi. Trans. Kctan iVlehta Recommended Reading:

I. Bassncll. Susan. Trans/ation Stlldies. Routledge. 1991. 2. Sujit Mukhe~iec. Truns/ation as Discon'/T. Orient Longman. 1994. 3. C.D. Narsimh3iah (cd.).lndiun Literatw<! o(the Past Fijiy i'ears (/9F-/96-J. 4. R.K. Dhawan (cd.). Indian Literatllre Todc~L VaLl. II. Prestige Books. New Delhi. 1994. 5. GangadharGadgil. Delhi. 1995. Indian Liteniture: Issues and Explorations. B.R. Publishers. New

6. Arjl1n Dangle (ed.). Poisoned Br~ad: Trans/ations From Modem Alarathi D(t/it Lilermllre. Orient Longman. 1992. 7. Hohl1es J. Lambert J and Lefevere A. (eds.): litera/lire and Trans/ation. LouvClin. ACCO. 1978. 8. Paul Selver. 7lJe .-1.rl (~rTra!1slating Pac/n-. London. John Baker. 1966. 9. Olive Classe (cd.). Encyclopaedia oj'Lilerurl' Translation h7 English. Dearborn. 1999. London. Fitzruy

Since Critical books in English on Indian writers may not be readily available. :,ltl(l<~I1lS are advised to refer to Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi's Bi-monthly journal which carries regular articles on Indian '.\Titers and on the problem r('lated to Indian Literature. Examination Pattern:

100 marks Theory Paper

Q. I on Background themes and issues with three internal options. Q. 2, 3 & 4 on texts, withthree internal options, with combination of texts

37

Revised M.A. Course Paper VIII: b) New Liter:atures Background Themes and [ssues: In English

A. Historical perspective on colonization. Different types of colonies and the resultant colonial experiences. Rise of nationalist movements and the' emergence of narrati';es or cultural nationalism. B. Orientalism. Problems of eu Itural hegemony. Reasscrtion of indigenous identities Natinns and narratives - Impact of colonization on the psyche. Mechanisms PI' imposing slave mentality and rcasscrtiol1s ofth~ self. Postcolonial ambivalences. fractures and In-betweeness. C. Creative strategies in new literatures. Challenging I1prms of EUl'lxentric literary traditions. QlIc~;ti~ln Iang\.lage - sulwening lhe language or the cu!(lni7cr: usc or or oral traditipns: myths and magic realism. D. M igrat ion and diasporic subjectivities. Ambiguous concepts of home. Ilybridity. cTc,llizati(ln ;'111dyncretism. - Concepts oflhird world feminism and s other gcndcred pcrspccti\'(~s - Phenomena or nC(l-colonizalion. Narrati\cs or decolonizatilll1 and Lhe rise ofNativilislll. Prescribed AFRICAN Texts:

1. Wole Soyinka- Death and the King's Horseman 2. Ama Ata Aidoo - My Sisler Killed .Joy CARIBBEAN 3. Derek Walcott - Oil/eras 4. Ramabai Espinet - Swinging Bridges CANADIAN 5. Margaret Laurence - The Fire Dwellers 6. Tomson Highway - The Rez Sisters AUSTRALIAN 7. Selections from A.D. Hope and Judith Wright 8. Sally Morgan - My Place

Secondary

Reading:

AFRICAN LITERATURE
Ben Okri - The Famished Road Buchi Emecheta- Destination Biafra Ngugi wa Thiong'o - Petals a/Blood Ayikwei Armah - Fragments Nuruddin Farah - Maps Chinua Achebe - Things Fall Apart Ken Sariwiwo - Prisoners o/Zeb

0/

CARIBBEAN

LITERA TURE

Carlyle Phillips - Cambridge Jean Rhys - Wide Sargasso Sea George Lamming -In the Castle of my Skin .. . S. Naipaul - Mimic lv/en v Sam Selvon - The Londoners Wilson Harris - Palace of the Peacock Jamaica Kinciad - Annie, Gwen, Lilly, Pam and Tulip CANADIAN LITERA TURE

A!ice Munro Lives of Girls and Women Ethel Wilson Swamp Angel Margaret Atwood The Handmaid's Tale Marlene Nourbese Philip She Tries Her Tongue. Her Silence Softly Breaks Michael Ondaatje Running in the Family Ramabai Espinet The Swinging Bridge Robertson Davis F[iih Business LITERATURE

AUSTR.-tLIAN

.-\. D. Hope. 111elYandering bilands' Christina Stead 771eAlan Who Loved Children D~\'id Maoluf - The Great World Elizabeth Jolley The Well The Golden Treaswyof A ustralian Verse (1918) Patrick White Voss Sally i'v1organ !\4y Place Jack Davis - Kul/ark

Recommended Reading: , General Reading On Postcolonial Theorv Ahmed. Aijaz. In Them)'. Verso, 1993. Ashcroft. Bill et al. The Empire Writes Back: TheOl)' and Practice in Postcolonial Literature. Routledge, 1989. Bhabha, Homi. Nation and Narration. London: Routledge, 1990. ____ . Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994. Brydon, Diana and Helen Tiffin. Decolonising Fictions. Dangaroo, 1993. Eagleton, Terry. Nationalism, Colonialism and Literature. Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press, 1990. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. London: Pluto Press, 1986. Gates, Henry Louis. Race, Writing and Difference. Chicago: t 985. Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Verso, t 994. Greenblatt. Stephen. Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the Nell' World. Chicago Univ. Press, t 99 1. Guha, Ranjit and Gayatri Spivak. (ed.) Selected Subaltern Studies. New York: OUP, 1988. King, Bruce. The New Literatures: Cultural Nationct/ism in a Changing World Macmillan, 1987. Loomba. Ania. Colonial/Postcolonial. Routledge, .1998.
./
r

33 ....i :,

.i . ;/?

Nandy, Ashish. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism. Delhi: OUP, 1995. ____ . Creating a Natonality. Delhi: OUP. 1995. Paranjape, Makarand. (ed.) Nativism: Essct.vsin Criticisni. Delhi: Sahitya Academy, 1997. . Said, Edward. Orientalisl11. London: Routledge, I978. ____ . Clllture and Imperic'llislll. Vintage. 1993. Tiffin, Chris and Alan Lawson. (eds.)De-scribing Empire: Poslcolonialislll and Tex/llalily ROIl/ledgt!. 199-1.

Criticism

Specific To The Various Postcolonial

Nations

Aehebe. Chilwa. Home and E:rile. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000. Armstrong. Jeannette. (ed.) Looking at the Word,; oJOllr People: Firs/ Nations Analysis (!ILi/erature. Penticton: Theytus Books. 1993.. Atwood. Marg,m~t. Survintl: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature. Toronto: Anansi Press. 1982 .
.i30ttomky. (;. and de I.epcnanche. M. (Ed). /:l!lIlicill. ('/oss and (;t!/lder in Australia. S\(II1<.'\: :\Ilen and UI1\\in. 19X-I-. ()/J.H'ITutiol'/\ Bo\\dcn. R. and lhlllhur:,. B. (comp.). IJeing .,I/JurigilJuJ- (U/lllrlcnls. ([nd .\'tories/i(l1/I ,l/Joriginal Anwraliam. Sydney: :\ustralian Broadcasting Curporali,)n. 1990. Castles. S. Kal;lI1t/i~. \1. Cope. B. and j\1orissey. \1. Mistakcn idemitv: .\/II!ficllifur,i/i\i1/ lInd fhe f)clIlise (l/Sa/iona/ism in .llls/ralia. Sydne~: Pluto Press.ll)gS. CorkhilL Annette Robyn. The III/migrant Experience in Austra!ian Lilerallire. i\klbourl1c: Acadcmia Press, 1995.

David, Mary. IVole Soyinka: A Questfor Renewal. Madras: BI Pubicatons. 1995. Githae-ivlugo. rvlirce. ,Visions of Africa. Kenya Literature Bureau, 1978. Jelinek-rvlaes. H=na ct a1. A Shaping ofCo'nnec/ions: Commonwealth Literature Studies - Then and Now. Sydney: Dangaroo Press, 1989. . I-farris. Wilson. haditioll. lhe rVriler aile.! Society. London: New Beacon Books. 1967. rpt. 1973. Sce cxtract in John Thieme. cd. The Amold.lnIJIO/o.!..'y4 I'osf-( 'o!oniu! f.ifel'a/ures ill English I.tmdon: Arnold. 1996. pr 5.; ~ -53 7.
Hergenhan. I .. (Ed. J. jhe Pengllin Nell' U/emrr Penguin. 1988. 1991.

/ fis/orr of.-Ilisfralia. Ring\\ood:

Hutcheon, Linda. Splitting Images: Contemporary Canadian Ironies. Toronto: OUP, Lamming, George. The Pleasures of Exile. London: Allison & Busby, 1984. Lewis. Reina and Sara Mills. (ed). Feminist Postcolonial 711eory. Edinhurgh Universil\' Press. 2003. Lutz, Hartmut. And Coomi S. Vevaina. Connections: Non-Native Responses to Native Canadian Literature.(ed.) New Delhi: Creative Books,2003. Nasta, Sushila. Motherlands: Women's Writingfrom Africa,the Caribbean and . South Asia. Women;s Press. 199 I. 1'!euman, Shirley and Smaro Kamboureli.(ed.) Amazing Space: Writing Canadian Women Writing. Edmonton: Longspoon and NeWest Press. 1986.

)
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)!u Obafemi Contempormy Nigerian Thealre: Cultural Heritage and Social Vision. Bayreuth African Studies 40. 1996. he Oxkrrd Hisll)!:\" of A IIsll"(lliLIil /)[''I"Oill/"{'. \:lel b()L1rn~. 1981. ingh. /\rnrijii and Peter Schmidt. leJ)' ['os/colonial Theorr and IIIe !:..Jlliled S/ates. t:ni\crsity ofi'v1ississippi Press. 2000 Race. EtlmicilY ond I.i/l'W/lif"(,. -,oyinka. Wole. Myth. Literatllre and the A./i-ican Worfd Oxford, 1991. hiong'o.Ngugi \\'3. Deco/tlni::illg//;e :lfind' 111e !'o/itics o(Lal1[!lwge in A/i'ican Literallfrc. I.ondon: .lam~~ Currey. 1986 . ____ .Moving the CeiHr.:: The Struggle li)r Cultural Freedom. London: .lames Currey. 1993 . .PenjJoil1ts. Gunpoints. and Dreams. TO\1'ard\'a C'riticaf I1wO/:v oOlle Arts and the .~":ateill ./(rica. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1998. "Acceptance Speech. Fonlon-Ni<.:lwb A\\arJ. March 30.1996". !evaina, Coomi and Barbara Godard.(ed.) !ntersexions: Issues of Race and Gender in Canadian [Vumen's rVritillg. New Delhi: Creative, 1996. Vhitlock. Gillian and Cu1cr, David (Ed). Images o(.-lustralia. Queensland: University of Queensland Press. 200 I. Examination Pattern:

Theory paper of 100 marks. Question I. on Background theories and issues, will have three internal options. Answers must include references to appropriate texts other than those prescribed. Questions 2, 3 and 4 will be on the prescribed texts with three internal options each and combination of texts.

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