Poverty

Poverty is pronounced deprivation in wellbeing, and comprises many dimensions. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better ones life.

Facts about Global Poverty

More than one billion people live on less than $1 per day.

More than 800 million people go to bed hungry each night.

Nearly 11 million children die each year before their 5th birthday.

Women and Poverty

 Of the 876 million illiterate adults in the developing world, two-thirds are women. Women are responsible for half the worlds food production. But not even two percent of land is owned by women.

Women in developing countries are 100 times more likely to die of pregnancy-related causes than those in industrialized nations.

Types of Poverty
Types of poverty

Income poverty happens when a household takes in less than one US dollar per day. This means that people will not have enough food or medicine and they will have poor clothes and houses. Income poverty is due to people not having access to money or other assets. If people do not have any other assets like land to grow their own food, then income poverty can result in stunted growth and early death. The best way to reduce income poverty is to encourage and support the development of effective businesses (small, medium and large) which make good use of our natural resources and talents to create wealth and jobs.

Non income poverty happens when people may have a little bit of money but otherwise the quality of their life is not good. They do not have access to affordable social and physical services (schooling, health care, medicines, safe water, good sanitation, good transport) and they may not feel safe in their homes either because they cannot trust the authorities or because they belong to some particularly vulnerable group The best way to reduce non-income poverty it to make sure that people have access to affordable and good quality social services and infrastructure, that they feel secure in their homes, that they trust the authorities and, if they are vulnerable, that there are safety net programmes to protect them.

Causes of third world poverty

Work and globalisation Better communications and transport have led to a globalised economy. Companies look for lowcost countries to invest in. This can mean that, though there are jobs, they are low-paid

Trade Third world countries lose out through unfair trade agreements, lack of technology and investment, and rapidly changing prices for their goods.

Debt Third world countries have to pay interest on their debts. This means they cannot afford to spend enough on basic services like health and education; nor on things like transport or communications that might attract investment.

Land If you have land you can grow your own food. But many people in the Third World have had their land taken over by large businesses, often to grow crops for export.

 Health Affordable or free health care is necessary for development. In poor countries the percentage of children who die under the age of five is much higher than in rich countries. HIV/AIDS is having a devastating effect on the Third World.

HIV is now the single greatest threat to future economic development in Africa. AIDS kills adults in the prime of their working and parenting lives, decimates the work force, fractures and impoverishes families, orphans millions... Callisto Madavo, vicepresident of the World Bank, Africa region 1999

Food and education Affordable, secure food supplies are vital. Malnutrition causes severe health problems, and can also affect education. Without education it is difficult to escape from poverty. This becomes a vicious circle people who live in poverty cannot afford to send their children to school.

Gender When we measure poverty we find differences between the level experienced by men or boys, and women or girls. Women may be disadvantaged through lack of access to education; in some countries they are not allowed to own or inherit land; they are less well paid than men.

Environment A child born in an industrialised country will add more to pollution over his or her lifetime than 30-50 children born in the Third World. However, the third world child is likely to experience the consequences of pollution in a much more devastating way. For example, annual carbon dioxide emissions have quadrupled in the last 50 years. This contributes to global warming, leading to devastating changes in weather patterns. Bangladesh could lose up to 17% of its land area as water levels rise.

COST OF POVERTY

 Philippine Study: Economic Costs Exclusion from meaningful participation in the market economy Unemployment and underemployment leading to loss of productivity and income, and the requirement of state support for social services Financial Costs Loss of tax revenue, and simultaneously increased public expenditure for education, health, social protection and other social services

Costs to International Organizations In addition to the public sector costs, there are costs to civil society whose organizations are generally funded by international organizations, and there are costs to businesses that operate globally as well as locally Social Costs Social disintegration arising from criminality, drugs and violence, especially against women and children Political Costs These costs arise from the threats to stability generated by the economic and social costs Human Costs This refers to the waste of human lives

Poverty Incidence, Magnitude of Poor and Share to the Total Poor in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, 2000, 2003, and 2006

Poverty Incidence Among Families (%)

Magnitude of Poor Families

Share to the Total Poor (%) Inc/Dec

Island 2000 2003 2006

Inc/Dec 2000 00-03 03-06 2003 2006

2000 00-03 03-06

2003

2006

PHILIPPINES

27.5

24.4

26.9

(3.1)

2.5 4,146,663 4,022,695

4,677,305

(3.0)

16.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

Luzon 20.0 17.4 20.0 (2.5) 2.5 1,704,589 1,652,932 1,985,362 (3.0) 20.1 41.1 41.1 42.4

Visayas
35.0 Mindanao 39.3 37.7 38.8 (1.6) 1.1 1,372,870 1,419,788 1,543,462 3.4 8.7 33.1 35.3 33.0 29.4 33.0 (5.7) 3.7 1,069,204 949,975 1,148,481 (11.2) 20.9 25.8 23.6 24.6

Poverty Incidence, Magnitude of Poor Population and Share to Total Poor Population in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao: 2003, 2006, and 2009
Source: National Statistical Coordination Board.

Poverty Incidence among Population (%)

Major Island Group

Magnitude of Poor Population

Share to Total Poor Population (%)

Increase/Decr ease 2003 2006 2009

03-06 06-09

Increase/Decre ase 2003 2006 2009

03-06 06-09

2003 2006

2009

PHILIPPINES

24.9 26.4

26.5

1.4

0.1 19,796,954 22,173,190 23,142,481

12.0

4.4 100. 100.0 100.0

Luzon

16.7 18.6

17.9

1.9

(0.7) 7,564,531

8,857,020

8,850,387

17.1

(0.1) 38.2

39.9

38.2

Visayas

34.8 34.9

35.2

0.1

0.3 5,447,582

5,839,316

6,213,233

7.2

6.4 27.5

26.3

26.8

Mindanao

36.8 37.8

39.6

1.0

1.8 6,784,840

7,476,854

8,078,861

10.2

8.1 34.3

33.7

34.9

Ten Poorest Provinces in 2000, 2003 and 2006

2000 R e g Poverty i Incidence o n 2003 R e Poverty g Incidenc i e o n 2006 R e g Poverty i Incidence o n A R M M

Province

Rank

Province

Rank

Province

Rank

Masbate

V
A R M M

61.3

I Zamboanga del Norte X A R M M

64.6

Tawi-tawi

78.9

Maguindanao

59.3

Maguindanao

60.4

Zamboanga del Norte

I X

63.0

Sulu

A R M M

58.9

Masbate

55.9

Maguindanao

A R M M

62.0

Ifugao

C A R

55.7

Surigao del Norte

C A R A G A
C A R A G A

54.5

Apayao

C A R C a r a g a

57.5

Lanao del Sur

A R M M

54.7

Agusan del Sur

52.8

Surigao Del Norte

53.2

2000 R e g i o n R e gi o n

2003 R e gi o n

2006

Poverty Incidence

Rank

Province

Poverty Incidence

Rank

Province

Poverty Incidence

Rank

Camiguin

54.2

Surigao del Sur

CARAGA

48.6

Lanao del Sur

ARMM

52.5

Camarines Norte

52.7

Misamis Occidental

48.1

Northern Samar

VIII

52.2

Tawi-Tawi

ARMM

52.4

Mountain Province

CAR

46.7

Masbate

51.0

Agusan del Sur

CARAGA

52.3

Biliran

VIII

46.5

Abra

CAR

50.1

Romblon

IV-B

52.2

10

Lanao del Norte

46.5

10

Misamis Occidental

48.8

10

10 Poorest Provinces

10 Richest Provinces
1. 2nd District of Manila : Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan, Quezon City 2. 4th District of Metro Manila: Las Pias, Makati, Muntinlupa, Paraaque, Pasay and Taguig 3. Bulacan 4. 1st District of Metro Manila : City of Manila 5. Batanes 6. Rizal 7. Laguna 8. 3rd District of Metro Manila :Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela 9. Bataan 10.Cavite

1. Sulu 2. Masbate 3. Tawi-tawi 4. Ifugao 5. Romblon 6. Maguindanao 7. Lanao del Sur 8. Sultan Kudarat 9. Camiguin 10. Camarines Norte

Location

Southern Aisa, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan 3,287,590 sq.km 2,973,190 sq.km 314,400 sq.km Pakistan (northwest); China (north); Bangladesh; Nepal; Bhutan (north); Myanmar (Burma) bortheast Coal(4th largest producer in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica bauxite, titanium ore, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone Arable : 48.8% Permanent crops: 2.8 % Other : 48.37%

GDP

Economy
$691 billion Real Growth rate : 6.9% Per capita GDP : $640 22.7% of GDP 26.7% of GDP

Total Area Land Water Borders

Agriculture Industry

Services and Transportation

Chief Exports

50.7%
Handicrafts, engineering goods, tea, fish, fruits, vegetables, cotton apparel, yarn and fabrics, gems and jewelry ($76.3B 2004) Fuel oil, refined petroleum products, chemicals, gold and steel ($99.8B, 2004) Japan, EU, Russia, US

Natural Resources

Chief imports

Major trading partners

Land Use

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Population 1.1 billion Annual growth rate : 1.4 % Years compulsory 9 . Literacy 65.38 % 1971 : 65.90%; 1981 : 59.2%; 1985 : 55.90%; 1990 : 51.80% Infant mortality 61/1,000 Life Expectancy : 63 years

Education

Health

Labor Force

416 million Agriculture: 63%, Industry : 22%; services 11%; transportation :4%

POVERTY PERCENTAGE
States AP Assam Bihar Percentage of Population 62.8% 60% 60.2%

Gujarat
Haryana

53.6%
54.7%

HP
Karnataka

11.3%
58.5%

Kerala
MP

68.6%
62.1%

Maharashtra
Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Tamilnadu UP W. Bengal Delhi

62.2%
34.3% 46.2% 46.8% 58.8% 59.7% 45.3% 53.6%

All of India

54.9%

ECONOMY
South Africa is a modern industrial country. It has a developing economy. It is overly dependent on commodity exports. The economy depended on mineral and agricultural products until the mid 20th century. The manufacturing sector developed in the second half of the century. South Africa has a two-tiered economy; one rivaling other developed countries and the other with only the most basic infrastructure. It exhibits many characteristics associated with developing countries, including a division of labor between formal and informal sectors, and uneven distribution of wealth and income. The formal sector, based on mining, manufacturing, services, and agriculture, is well developed.
Main Crops: Corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, dairy products. Natural Resources: Gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas.

Major Industries: mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, foodstuffs.

. HIV/AIDS intersection with Gender based Violence and Poverty

Rank Country / Territory

Women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS stem from a range of social, economic, biological, cultural and legal factors In sub-Sahara Africa, 55% of adult infections are among women The highest number of new cases is among girls of 15-19 Most women are infected by a partner to whom they are faithful South Africa is one of the countries most affected by HIV with 5-6 million HIV infected individuals. Nearly 20% of the 15-49 year old population is infected and in parts of the country up to 40% of women of child-bearing age are infected. Approximately 40% of adult deaths and 25% of all deaths in 2000 were due to AIDS. Without effective prevention and treatment 5-7 million cumulative AIDS deaths are anticipated by 2010 (with 1.5 million deaths in 2010 alone), and there are projected to be over 1 million sick with AIDS. Recent studies predict the epidemic could cost South Africa as much as 17% in GDP growth by 2010. Women take the major responsibility for caring for the sick or orphans

people living with HIV/AIDS 38,217,530

Date of Information

World

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

South Africa
India Nigeria Zimbabwe Tanzania Ethiopia Mozambique Kenya Democratic Republic of the Congo

5,300,000
5,100,000 3,600,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000

2003 est.
2001 est. 2003 est. 2001 est. 2003 est. 2003 est. 2003 est. 2003 est. 2003 est.

10
11

United States
Zambia

950,000
920,000

2003 est.
2003 est.

12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Malawi
Russia People's Republic of China Brazil Cte d'Ivoire Thailand Cameroon Uganda Sudan

900,000
860,000 840,000 660,000 570,000 570,000 560,000 530,000 400,000

2003 est.
2001 est. 2003 est. 2003 est. 2003 est. 2003 est. 2003 est. 2001 est. 2001 est.

POLICY INTERVENTIONS

Government Commitments Following the 1994 elections, the Government committed itself to a number of specific goals in the area of social policy, including: The elimination of poverty and the establishment of a reasonable, and widely acceptable, distribution of income; The provision of a reasonable income in old age; The provision of affordable, decent and effective health care for all; and Full employment, or if this proves not possible, an adequate mechanism to deal with poverty.