UMTS Services

UMTS Services

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Contents and Session Aims

UMTS Services and Applications Architecture of a UMTS Bearer Service UMTS Bearer Attributes UMTS QoS Classes Example UMTS Services

In this session we shall look at

services and QoS issues in UMTS
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UMTS services QoS Bearer Architecture and Attributes Service Classes Major Service Types

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UMTS Services and Applications

Office Information Information
Intelligent Search and Filtering agents Internet Surfing On-line media Special Services On-line translation Security Service Local information Hotline Booking & Reservation Tele-medecine News Virtual Working Groups Tele-working Schedule Synchronisation

Telemetric Services
Machine-Machine Services Location Based Tracking Navigation Assistance Education Travel Information Virtual School Fleet Management On-line Laboratories Remote Diagnostics On-line Library On-line Training Remote Consultation

Communications
Video Telephony Video Conferencing Speech Email Announcing Services SMS Electronic Postcards

Financial Services
On-line banking Universal SIM & Credit Card Home Shopping Stock Quotes

Leisure

Public Services
Public Elections/Voting Public Information Help Broadcast Services Yellow Pages

Virtual Book Store Music on Demand Games on Demand Video-clips Virtual Sight Seeing Lottery Services

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Architecture of a UMTS bearer service

TE UE UTRAN CN
edge node

CN
gateway

TE

End-to-End Service
TE/UE Local Bearer Service

UMTS Bearer Service

Radio Access Bearer Service
CN Bearer Service

External Bearer Service

Radio Bearer Service

Iu Bearer Service

Backbone Network Service

UTRA FDD/TDD Service

Physical Bearer Service

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QoS Bearer Attributes

Maximum bitrate (kbps) Guaranteed bitrate (kbps) Delivery order (y/n) Maximum SDU size (octets) SDU format information (bits)

Transfer delay (ms) Traffic handling priority Allocation/Retention Priority

SDU error ratio Residual bit error ratio Delivery of erroneous SDUs
(y/n/-)

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Maximum bitrate

Maximum bitrate (kbps)

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Maximum bitrate can be used to make code reservations in the downlink of the radio interface Its purpose is
" to limit the delivered bitrate to applications or external networks with such limitations " to allow maximum wanted user bitrate to be defined for applications able to operate with different rates

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Guaranteed bitrate

Guaranteed number of bits delivered by UMTS within a time period Guaranteed bitrate may be used to facilitate
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admission control based on available resources and resource allocation within UMTS.

Quality requirements expressed by e.g. delay and reliability attributes only apply to incoming traffic up to the guaranteed bitrate

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Delivery order

Indicates whether the UMTS bearer shall provide in-sequence SDU delivery or not. The attribute is derived from the user protocol (PDP type) and specifies if out-of-sequence SDUs are acceptable or not. This information cannot be extracted from the traffic class. Whether out-of-sequence SDUs are dropped or re-ordered depends on the specified reliability

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Maximum SDU size

The maximum allowed SDU size The maximum SDU size is used for admission control and policing.

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SDU format information

List of possible exact sizes of SDUs UTRAN needs SDU size information to be able to operate in transparent RLC protocol mode, which is beneficial to spectral efficiency and delay when RLC re-transmission is not used. Thus, if the application can specify SDU sizes, the bearer is less expensive

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SDU error ratio

Indicates the fraction of SDUs lost or detected as erroneous. Note that by reserving resources, SDU error ratio performance is independent of the loading conditions, whereas without reserved resources, such as in Interactive and Background classes, SDU error ratio is used as target value. Used to configure the protocols, algorithms and error detection schemes, primarily within UTRAN.

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Residual bit error ratio

Indicates the undetected bit error ratio in the delivered SDUs. If no error detection is requested, Residual bit error ratio indicates the bit error ratio in the delivered SDUs. Used to configure radio interface protocols, algorithms and error detection coding

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Delivery of erroneous SDUs

Indicates whether SDUs detected as erroneous shall be delivered or discarded. Used to decide whether error detection is needed and whether frames with detected errors shall be forwarded or not.

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Transfer delay
Indicates maximum delay for 95th percentile of the distribution of delay for
all delivered SDUs during the lifetime of a bearer service

Delay for an SDU is defined as the time from a request to transfer an SDU at
one SAP to its delivery at the other SAP.

Used to specify the delay tolerated by the application. It allows UTRAN to set transport formats and ARQ parameters Transfer delay of an arbitrary SDU is not meaningful for a bursty source,
since the last SDUs of a burst may have long delay due to queuing, whereas the meaningful response delay perceived by the user is the delay of the first SDU of the burst.

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Traffic handling priority

Specifies the relative importance for handling of all SDUs belonging to the UMTS bearer compared to the SDUs of other bearers. Within the interactive class, there is a definite need to differentiate between bearer qualities. This is handled by using the traffic handling priority attribute, to allow UMTS to schedule traffic accordingly. By definition, priority is an alternative to absolute guarantees, and thus these two attribute types cannot be used together for a single bearer.

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Allocation/Retention Priority

Specifies the relative importance compared to other UMTS bearers for allocation and retention of the UMTS bearer. The Allocation/Retention Priority attribute is a subscription parameter which is not negotiated from the mobile terminal. Priority is used for differentiating between bearers when performing allocation and retention of a bearer. In situations where resources are scarce, the relevant network elements can use the Allocation/Retention Priority to prioritise bearers with a high Allocation/Retention Priority over bearers with a low Allocation/Retention Priority when performing admission control

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Asymmetric Bearers

Uni-directional and bi-directional bearer services are supported. For bi-directional bearer services, the attributes Maximum bitrate and Guaranteed bitrate can be set separately for uplink/downlink in order to support asymmetric bearers.

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UMTS QoS Classes

UMTS attempts to fulfil QoS requests from the user Four traffic classes have been identified
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Conversational Streaming Interactive Background

Main distinguishing feature is delay sensitivity

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Conversational Class

Preserve time relation between information entities of the stream - transmission and reception in the same order Conversational pattern - symmetric Real time - low delay required Typically between peers Example Applications:
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Voice Videotelephony Video Games

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Streaming

Preserve time relation between information entities of the stream - transmission and reception in the same order Highly asymmetric Real time - relatively low delay required Typically between server and client Example Applications
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Web broadcast Video on demand Miscellaneous streaming multimedia

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Interactive

Request response pattern Preserve data integrity Relatively delay sensitive but not real time Treated as non-real time packet based Example applications:
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Web browsing Network games Location based services Database retrieval

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Background

Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time Preserve data integrity Treated as non-real time packet based Example Applications
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Download of emails SMS Reception of measurement records

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UMTS Circuit Switched Bearer Services

Five Circuit switched bearer services have been defined:

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Speech
" Adaptive Multi Rate

Transparent Data (Unrestricted Digital Information)

" 32kbps, 56kbps, 64kbps

Transparent Data (Audio)

" 28.8kbps, 33.6 kbps

Non Transparent Fax

" 28.8kbps

Non Transparent Data

" 14.4kbps, 28.8kbps, 57.6kbps

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UMTS AMR Speech Codec

Standard codec likely to be the multirate coder developed for GSM

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provides EFR quality for good channel provides good quality in poor conditions

The multirate codec has 14 combined channel and codec modes

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codec produces 8 source rates (4.75, 5.15, 5.9, 6.7(PDC-EFR), 7.4(IS641), 7.95, 10.2 and 12.2 kbps(GSM-EFR)) employs variable protection coding according to channel coding rate between 1/2 and 1/5 puncturing used to match bit rate to channel

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Universal Personal Telecommunications

UPT means a user can be contacted wherever they are through a single number
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User mobility rather than terminal mobility

The number translation capability of IN can be used to route a call to a convenient and suitably equipped local terminal
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A number is associated with a person not a terminal or ID card

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Virtual Home Environment

The VHE means that a roaming user can access the services that he would have access to on his home network Ideally the user should not notice he is not in his home network
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Again VHE can be implemented in UMTS through the inclusion of IN functionality

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SIM Application Toolkit

SIM Application Toolkit Features include:
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Profile Download
" To verify support of the SIM Application Toolkit by both SIM and ME

Data Download
" To enable SMS to transfer data directly to an application on the SIM

Proactive SIM
" To allow the SIM to operate the call control functions of the ME

Menu Selection
" To enable an application on the SIM to create and operate a menu on the ME

Call Control by SIM

" All dialled digits may be passed to an application on the SIM which may bar, modify or allow the call

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Location Based Services

In many regions a Location Function is a condition of the license Location information may be provided on request from a client application (in either the UE or CN) There are three main types of location derivation
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Cell Identity Based

" Giving a position within the cells coverage area

Timing Based
" Derived from relative timing measurements made on radio transmissions

Network Assisted GPS

" A UE is equipped with a GPS, whose performance may be improved by the network

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Questions

What are the four UMTS QoS Classes? How might location be determined for location based services in UMTS? What is the maximum and minimum rate of the AMR speech codec?

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Session Summary

In this session we have investigated

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QoS Architecture in UMTS Bearer attributes QoS Classes Example services such as the AMR

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