Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and Aquaculture in Pakistan

Muhammad Noor & Dr. Muhammad Hayat Fisheries Development Commissioner Ministry of Livestock and Dairy Development Government of Pakistan

EXPLOITABLE NATURAL RESOURCES Salt Mangrove Shells and other ornaments Sand Water Fisheries

EXPLOITABLE NATURAL RESOURCES - SALT

SINDH Mauripur Rehri Dhabeji Leth BALOCHISTAN Daband (Ormara) Ras Juddi (Pasni) Dor (Gwader) Marine Hore (Jiwani)

EXPLOITABLE NATURAL RESOURCES - MANGROVE Firewood Fodder Construction Material Land Reclamation

EXPLOITABLE NATURAL RESOURCES - SHELLS Jewelry Decoration Pieces Household Items Lime Production Shell Collectors

EXPLOITABLE NATURAL RESOURCES - SAND Reclamation Construction Material

EXPLOITABLE NATURAL RESOURCES - WATER Cooling Purposes Washing etc. Desalination

EXPLOITABLE NATURAL RESOURCES - FISHERIES Local Consumption Export Fish Meal and Poultry Feed Recreation

FISH PRODUCTION OF PAKISTAN

Marine
700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 -

Inland

Total

Marine Fish Production of Pakistan 600,000

500,000

400,000 m. tons

300,000 200,000

100,000

47

51

71

75

55

59

63

67

79

83

87

91

95

99 19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

20

03

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

FISHING BOATS (MARINE)

FISHING BOATS OF PAKISTAN (MARINE)

8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 55 57 59 63 65 67 69 73 75 77 79 83 85 87 89 93 95 97 99 71 19 19 19 19 91 19 19 19 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 03 61 81 01

Traw lers

Gillnetters

Mechanized-cum-sail boats

Sail boats

MARINE BIO MASS OF PAKISTAN

RESOURCES STOCKS
(M. TONS) SMALL PELAGICS LARGE PELAGICS DEMARSALS SHRIMPS White Shrimp Brown Shrimp Kiddi Shrimp Misc. Shrimps CEPHALOPODS MOLLUSCS CRABS LOBSTERS MESOPELAGICS G. TOTAL 700,000 80,000 500,000 88,000

MSY
(M aximum Sustainable Yield)

(M. TONS) 300,000 60,000 147,825 35,000 7,360 9,225 17,311 1,104 12,000 4,000 6,000 600 1,000,000 1,717,600

20,000 8,000 10,000 1,300 10,000,000 11,407,300

FISHERIES LEGISLATIONS
THE EXCLUSIVE FISHERY ZONE (REGULATION OF FISHING) ACT, 1975 SINDH FISHERIES ORDINANCE, 1980 BALUCHISTAN SEA FISHERIES ORDINANCE, 1971

FISHERIES LEGISLATIONS
Ban on use of Estuarine Set Bag Net (Bula) , Purse Seine (Katra) and Trawl net (Gujja) in Creeks of Sindh Ban on Trawling and Purse Seining Ban in Territorial Waters of Balochistan Close season for shrimp during June and July

ROLE OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES

Difficulty in implementation on close season due to fishermens resistance Ban on Bula, Gujja and Katra could not be implemented due to communal differences Traditional Ban in Balochistan for trawling, purse seining effectively implemented Karachi base trawlers now permitted to operate in Balochistan under special permission

TRADITIONAL CONSERVATION METHODS

Closed areas (limited fishing) Gear limitation (cast nets, handlines, bottom set gillnet etc.) Total ban on use of some gears like trawl nets and purse seine. Bag limit (catch for subsistence purposes)

BENEFIT OF TRADITIONAL CONSERVATION METHODS

Sustainable exploitation of resources Protection of the environment Ensuring regular income Equal access of resources to coastal communities Survival of local secondary industry

MANAGEMENT MEASURES
NEED TECHNIQUES
REDUCING EFFORTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTING MACHINERY TRADITIONAL METHODS

MANAGEMENT MEASURES
REDUCING EFFORTS
Closed Areas Closed Season Gear Restriction Limited Operation Time Quotas and ITQs Vessel Tonnage

Case Study
Exploitation of Fisheries Resources at higher trophic level (Sharks and other predatory fish) leads to a disturbance in the ecosystem. This leads to increase in production of fishes at low trophic level (Indian mackerel etc.)

LANDINGS OF ELASMOBRANCHS AND INDIAN MACKEREL Indian Mackerel 60,000 50,000 40,000 M . to n s 30,000 20,000 10,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Elasmobranch

Queenfish

Tuna

Predatory Fishes (Salted Dried)

Sharks

Dolphinfish

Shark Transportation

Shark Landings

INDIAN MACKEREL

Landings of Indian Mackerel

35,000 30,000 25,000

m / to n s

20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

LANDINGS OF INDIAN MACKEREL

SINDH
40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000

BALOCHISTAN

TOTAL

m . to n s

20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Indian Mackerel

MAJOR FISHING GROUND

Indian mackerel school

Indian Mackerel in Gillnet

Indian Mackerel Catch

Indian Mackerel Landings

Indian Mackerel Transportation

IMPACT
Ecosystem is readjusted Decrease in landings of predatory fish Increase in landings of Indian mackerel Needs for taking into consideration ECOSYSTEM APPROACH FOR FISHERIES