MAAC-Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting Apds RULE BOOK V 1.1 2008

MAAC-Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting
APDS
RULE BOOK V 1.1 2008
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APDS Index.
1. General Purpose of APDS

2. Rules Safety
3. Rules Pistols
4. Rules Competition
5. Participation in APDS – Qualifiers
6. RCO Qualifications.
7. Match Procedures.
8. CoF – Manifesto and Match example.
9. Score Penalties, Time Penalties and Disqualifications – Summary
10. Appendix
1. General Purpose of Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting (APDS).
1.1 APDS is designed specifically for CO2 air pistol and air soft gas blow back
pistols. APDS is designed to create dynamic shooting scenarios that need to be
resolved by the competitors utilizing these pistols focusing on the universal gun
handling rules.
1.2 APDS promotes the basic safeties required in dynamic pistol shooting which
in turn becomes a solid foundation for those competitors who plan to take part in
arms proper dynamic shooting disciplines such as IDPA and IPSC.
1.3 APDS is based on the general principles of IDPA and IPSC but is not a copy
and paste rule book. APDS although designed on the same ideas is fully adapted
for this type of equipment. Whilst keeping the rules as safe, the complex IDPA
and IPSC rules are simplified to make this sport a standalone enjoyable platform.
1.4 APDS also provides a level playground for all competitors with different types
of air pistols and air soft pistols, to test their skill and ability in resolving these
scenarios with maximum safe gun handling.
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2. Rules - Safety.
There are 4 universal laws of gun safety which are also the basics of APDS.
APDS puts these rules in test to sharpen the competitor’s awareness towards
safe gun handling.
a. The gun is always loaded.
b. Never point a gun towards anything you do not intend to shoot.
c. Always be sure of your target and what lay in its surroundings.
d. Keep finger off trigger until your sights are on target.
Equipment.
2.1 Eye protection is Mandatory for APDS competitors in the Course of Fire. Eye
protection is recommended to be worn in the Shooters Area as well. Each
shooter and official has the obligation to bring to attention any shooters ignoring
the use of eye protection.
2.2 Competitors wearing vision correction spectacles are recommended to wear

protective glasses with RX inserts thus retaining the vision correction. However
normal vision correction spectacles are not a replacement for protective eye
wear.
2.3 Sound (Ear) protection is NOT mandatory but shooters are allowed to use
such devises if they wish to.
2.4 Strong shoes or boots are Mandatory for APDS. Sandals or any other type of
open shoes is NOT allowed in APDS.
2.5 Shooter is allowed to use other protective aids such as knee caps or elbow
caps during APDS matches.
2.6 Holsters are Mandatory in APDS. Any type of holster that covers the trigger
area is allowed. Only under arm holsters are not allowed in APDS. Holsters can
be worn on a secondary holster belt. Magazine pouches are also allowed in
APDS, however a shooter can hold magazines inside a shooting vest or cargo
pockets of their trousers.
2.7 The use of full military clothing is discouraged but not illegal in APDS.
2.8 All pistols must be mechanically sound for use in APDS. The pistols must
have a working safety device such as the standard safety lever. Other safety
devices such as trigger safe, as used on hammerless pistols are allowed, until it
is functional. The Range Officer may discard any pistol he suspects faulty or not
having the required safeties. The final decision must be taken between the
Range Officer, Match Officer and the APDS Rep.
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Procedure Safety.
2.9 ALL types of pistols used in APDS must remain cased and unloaded until the
shooters are inside the “Shooters Area”. The shooters exiting the “Shooters
Area” into the “Spectators Area” are allowed to carry pistols in holster unloaded &
safe in a holster but both pistols and magazines must not be touched as this will
lead to instant disqualification from the match and even from the range.
The shooters will be allowed to adjust or dry fire their pistols in the “Test area”.
2.10 Inside the Shooters Area the pistol can be uncased and holstered.
2.11 Inside the Shooters Area the pistols must be carried unloaded of magazines
and on safe.
2.12 CO2 Air Pistols can be loaded with CO2 cartridges in the Shooters Area.
2.13 GBB Pistol owners can charge the magazines with gas in the Shooters
Area.
2.14 All shooters can load their magazines with pellets or air soft BB’s in the
“Shooters Area”.
2.15 Magazines cannot be loaded inside the pistols inside the “Shooters Area”.
Any shooter loading magazines in the Shooters Area will be disqualified from the
match and the range.
2.16 It is advisable to keep the pistols cased or holstered until the time to use
them even in the “Shooters Area”.
2.17 Loading of magazines inside a pistol is ONLY allowed in two occasions:

a. When on the starting line of the Course of Fire (CoF) as instructed by the
Range Officer.
b. On the “Zeroing Lanes” under the observation of the Range Officer.
2.18 Any shooter loading a magazine empty or full in any other circumstance
which has not been instructed or authorized by the Range Officer is disqualified
from the match and the range.
2.19 Before leaving the “CoF” and the “Zeroing Lanes” all magazines must be
removed and weapon cleared before returning to the “Shooters Area”.
2.20 On the “CoF” the Range Officer is in constant attention to your gun handling
skills and safeties whilst on the “Zeroing Lane” shooters are advised to observe
basic gun handling regulations and common sense. Although this is a “Zeroing
Lane”, still the Range Officer can warn or disqualify a shooter from the match.
2.21 For your own safety all waste cartridges and other material must be
disposed in the appropriate waste bins.
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2.22 For ALL Safety and Match regulations the Range Officer word is final and
cannot be contested. The RO must inform the Match Officer about his decision.
2.23 For all Match procedure rules the APPS Representative word is final. He
can consult his decision with the Match Officer and Range Officers.
3. Rules Pistols.
Pistol types allowed and leveling in APDS.

3.1 APDS is designed for the following equipment
a. CO2 Air Pistols/revolvers (8 – 10 shot drum type) 0.177cal.
b. CO2 Air Pistols (24 Shot chain drive) 0.177cal.
c. CO2 Air Pistols Blow Backs (8 Shot or chain drive) 0.177cal.
d. Air soft Gas Blow Back Pistols 6mm cal.
. Full auto CO2 or GBB pistols are not allowed.
3.2 The pistols have different magazine capacities so these must be leveled out
to provide a level playground.
3.3 Below is a table showing the 3 types of Course of Fire (CoF) in APDS. The
maximum shoots required to complete the CoF and the number of reloads
required by standard 8 shot and 10 shot rotary drum magazine CO2 pistols.
CoF Max TGTS 8S 10s

Type Shots Drum Drum
APDS in CoF reloads reloads
Short 16 8 1X 1X
Medium 24 12 2X 2X
Long 32 16 3X 3X
3.4 There are 3 types of CoF in APDS – Short – Medium and Long. In APDS one
can shot a maximum of 2 shots per scoring target to complete the CoF. The
basic rule for scoring is the best hit out of 2 shots on one target.
3.5 As you see from the table shooters of 8 shot or 10 shot drum pistols
theoretically use the same amount of reloads during all types of CoF.
3.6 The Maximum Shots in CoF does not mean that the shooter must carry
exactly the shown number of shots unless it is not stated in the CoF Manifesto.
There will be occasions when the CoF manifesto will specify the maximum
number of shots to be carried. When not stated the shooter can carry as much
magazines as deemed necessary. Please note that even if not specified the
number of shots hitting all targets must not exceed the maximum shots for the
CoF type. Other regulations will clarify.
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3.6 Users of pistols which have a magazine capacity more then 10 shots (24
Shot CO2 and GBB’s) have two options to select before the match and to settle
with the Range Officer for counting and scoring purposes:
Option A.
Load a maximum of 10 shots in separate magazines. In this case the shooter will
not receive the Reload Handicap Penalty (RHP) or Reload Possibility Penalty
(RPP).
Option B
The shooter may load the maximum of shots the magazine holds.
The shooter will then get The Reload Handicap Penalty (RHP=4.5s) of 4.5
seconds is given per each theoretical reload and 2.5 seconds is given for each
additional Reload Possibility Penalty (RP=2.5s).
This is required to level out with 8 shot and 10 shot drum pistol owners to
complete the CoF. Below find a table showing the number of RHP and RPP
penalties one will get for selecting option B.
The shooter with 10+ shots selecting option B has the possibility to avoid only
RPP’s by removing the extra shots from the last magazine. This has to be
confirmed by RCO before CoF and noted on the score sheet.
Standard 8 drum
CoF Max 1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total Extra RHP RPP
Type Shots to Load Reload Reload Reload Reload 4.5sec 2.5sec
complete
CoF
Short 16 8 8 16 0 0 0
Med 24 8 8 8 24 0 0 0
Long 32 8 8 8 8 32 0 0 0
Standard 10 drum (Excluded fro RPP as magazines cannot be partially loaded).
complete
CoF
Short 16 10 10 20 4 0 1
Med 24 10 10 10 30 6 0 1
Long 32 10 10 10 10 40 8 0 1
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24 Chain Drive
complete
CoF
Short 16 24 24 8 1 1
Med 24 24 24 0 2 0
Long 32 24 24 48 16 3 2
18 GBB
complete
CoF
Short 16 18 18 2 1 1
Med 24 18 18 36 12 2 2
Long 32 18 18 36 4 3 1
20 GBB
complete
CoF
Short 16 20 20 4 1 1
Med 24 20 20 40 16 2 2
Long 32 20 20 40 8 3 1
24 GBB
complete
CoF
Short 16 24 24 8 1 1
Med 24 24 24 0 2 0
Long 32 24 24 48 16 3 2
3.7 Both option A or B must be noted on the Score Sheet prior to the CoF. The
Range Officer will determine the RHP and RPP value and ensure magazines are
loaded with the appropriate number of shots before the CoF starts.
3.8 Any shooter attempting to cheat will be disqualified from the match.
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Pistol Specifications.
3.9 Pistols modifications such as the installation of red dot scopes, barrel
extensions, enhanced grips and compensators are allowed until the pistol can be
holstered and is still safe to use.
3.10 Pistol must have a function safety catch to qualify for APDS. The safety can
be standard lever safety catch or a functional trigger safety such as that found on
hammerless pistols. This also includes safety bars most commonly found on
CO2 revolvers and some pistol models.
3.11 Laser dots targeting devices are illegal in Malta hence illegal in APDS.
3.12 All Pistols must be transported from home to range and vice versa in a
suitable pistol case.
3.13 It is advisable that CO2 cartridges are not left inside the pistol after use for
both safety and functionality purpose. CO2 ruins the gas seals.
3.14 It is advisable to keep GBB magazines charged with gas as these have a
tendency to leak and dry out if empty for a long time.
3.15 Keep pellets, BB’s, CO2 cartridges and Gas in a separate bag away from
the pistol.
3.16 All pistols used in APDS must be registered on your TS-B licence.
3.17 There is no pistol category. All types are leveled out to one type.
4. Rules Competition
Course of Fire (CoF) Types.
4.1 In APDS each scenario is called Course of Fire (CoF).
4.2 In APDS has 3 different CoF’s, these are:

a. Short CoF
b. Medium CoF
c. Long CoF
4.3 In a Short CoF the shooter must engage 8 scoring targets and the maximum
number of shots required to complete a Short CoF is 16 shots.
4.4 In a Medium CoF the shooter must engage 12 scoring targets and the
maximum number of shots to complete a Medium CoF is 24 shots.
4.5 In a Long CoF the shooter must engage 16 scoring targets and the maximum
number of shots to complete a Long CoF is 32 shots.
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4.6 An MAAC APDS Competition Match consists of:
1 X Short CoF and 1X Medium or Long Course.
4.7 In APDS the final score is called the Hit Factor. This is derived from the point
value minus point penalties, divided by time to complete CoF plus time penalties.
CoF Targets.
4.8 In APDS we use the following scoring targets.

A: Classic Diamond 1/3 scale
B. Classic IDPA Target 1/3 scale.
4.9 These targets have hit zones marked in A, C & D. The values are as follows:
A=5 points
C=4 points.
D=2 points.
4.10 In APDS each scoring target can be shot a maximum of 2 times. The pellet
or BB touching a zone line will be given the zone points (outer scoring method).
The pellet or BB hit with the highest value is the score for that target.
4.11 There are two variations of these targets.

a. Covered Targets.
b. No Shoot Targets.
4.12 Covered targets have a part of the scoring area printed all black. This
represents the target as being behind cover. If a shot lands in this black area this
is regarded as target not hit. If the shot falls on the scoring area, then scoring will
be applied as in 4.9 & 4.10. A pellet or BB falling between the cover and scoring
area is considered as a score.
4.13 No Shoot Targets as the name imply are No Shoot Targets. If a shooter hits
the No Shoot Target by mistake, ricochet or punch trough these target are
regarded as hit. The hit with the highest value is taken and multiplied X 2. This
value is a NO HIT PENALTY and will be deducted from the total scoring points.
Example 1: If a NO Shoot Target receives 3 hits 2 in zone D and 1 in zone A, the

highest value is zone A = 5 points. The NO HIT PENALTY for this NO HIT Target
is 5X2 = 10 points which will be deducted from the final total scoring points.
4.14 All targets described in 4.8 and 4.11 can be mounted from 0.5 meters center
to ground up to 1.5m center to ground.
4.15 Targets can be placed at any distance between minimum 4 meters

maximum 15 meters.
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4.16 The CoF specify the MAXIMUM number of scoring targets depending if
Short, Medium and Long. However it does not specify the Number of NO HIT
Targets. This is left to the course designers. Still the NST must not exceed ½ the
amount of scoring targets.
4.17 The course designer can include a number of NO HIT Targets in a CoF and
he can arrange them in a way that the shooter must find the correct angle to
shoot to confirm with the universal gun law “Always be sure of your target and
what lay in its surroundings.”
4.18 The course designer may include any type of barrier or cover that must be
incorporated in the scenario. Such barriers must be constructed with safety in
mind and must not be of any danger to the shooter. The barriers must also not
restrict any shooter from the possibility to conclude his scenario due to physical
difficulties.
4.19 The course designer can use also a Metal Stop plate (diameter 20cm) or
knock down Classic Popper as a means to show that this is the last target of the
CoF. This must be one of the MAXIMUM scoring targets of the CoF. Any metal
Classic Popper or Stop Plate hit value is 5 points.
4.20 In APDS each scoring paper target can be hit by a maximum of 2 shots.
If a scoring paper target registers more then 2 shots the highest score on the
target will be taken and -2 penalty deducted from the final point score.
4.21 Each CoF specifies MAXIMUM number of shots. If the total number of hits
specified for the CoF is exceed on both Scoring Targets and Non Shot targets
and metal targets then for each extra shot a -5 point penalty is applied.
CoF Manifesto.
4.22 Each CoF will have a written scenario briefing called CoF Manifesto.
4.23 This must be shown in the notice board so that all competitors can read the
specification for the CoF. The RO reads the CoF manifesto in his briefing.
4.24 The CoF Manifest must include:

a. CoF Type – Short – Medium – Long.
b. CoF layout showing Scoring Target numbered, NON Shoot Targets
numbered, Barriers, fault lines, charging lines etc.
c. Shooter Starting position and stance.
d. Pistol ready conditions.
e. Course of action procedure.
f. Any other information such as mandatory reloads etc.
4.25 The scoring targets have to be labeled with T on the score sheet.
Starting from T1 to max targets used for CoF.
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4.26 The No Shoot targets have to be labeled with NST on the score sheet.
Starting from NST1 to max NST used for CoF.
4.27 Shooters starting position and stance must be indicated.

Normally the shooter starts from inside a box or a charging line.
The start position of shooter can be natural hand on sides or on head height.
There can be also other details such as back to targets, facing targets, seated,
laying down flat or any other every day normal stance such as reading a news
paper. As written on the manifesto.
4.28 Pistol ready conditions are limited to the following:

a. Unloaded holstered or non holstered.
b. Loaded with hammer down and safe holstered or un holstered.
c. All Single Action pistols start magazine loaded with no pellet or BB in chamber
holstered or un holstered.
4.29 The description of the action must be simple step form. Showing step by
step what is expected by the shooter during the CoF. This is called Procedure.
Failing to follow the procedures requested will result in Procedural Penalties.
4.30 Procedural Penalties carry each 1 second penalties. These are added to the
recorded time to complete CoF.
4.31 Procedural Penalties can be the following.

a. False Start.
b. Not meeting Pistol Ready conditions.
c. Not observing the shooter starting position or stance correctly.
d. Foot faults (with one leg out of a shooting box when requested)
e. Shooting from beyond a fault line.
f. Not observing any part of the procedure.
g. Sweeping on a pistol draw.
4.32 Failing to carry out a Mandatory Reload if requested in the procedure will
carry a higher weight. The shooter will get the following penalties:
a. 1 second for not observing a procedure.
b. 4.5 seconds reload time.
c. 4.5 seconds for not reloading when requested.
Hence 10 sec in total that will be added to the recorded time to complete the
CoF.
Other Penalties that lead to disqualification from the Match.
4.34 In APDS the shooter must engage targets as they appear giving attention to
non hit targets and engaging targets from behind cover of barricades. Open
targets are normally separated by a fault line, the shooter must never go beyond
a fault line to shoot targets. Skipping fault line inquires a procedural penalty of
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1sec for each target shot Procedural Penalty. However whist moving and
shooting APDS enforces two universal gun rules of safe handling:
Never point a gun towards anything you do not intend to shoot.
Keep finger off trigger until your sights are on target.
4.35 It is required in APDS that you engage targets while advancing or retreating.
This means that while moving you need to shoot. Here in such a scenario one
can keep his finger on the trigger whilst moving only if he has the target acquired
in his sight and is finding the correct moment to shoot it. If the gun is not pointed
to the target with the shooter in aim and his trigger finger is on the trigger then
the shooter is disqualified from the match.
4.36 During loading or unloading the pistol or clearing a malfunction the finger
must run on the trigger guard. If the finger is placed on the trigger during this
procedure the shooter is disqualified from the match.
4.37 If during a CoF the shooter encounters a malfunction he must deal with this
in a safe manner thus pointing the pistol toward others including yourself will
immediately disqualify the shooter. Any action done must be facing down range.
Malfunctions on start or during the CoF will not stop the CoF timing.
4.38 The course design must not force the shooter to turn toward the crowd to
complete the CoF. This has to be checked by Range Officers prior to the match.
If for any reason the shooter points the pistol toward the crowd he will be
disqualified.
4.39 Accidental discharge during loading or unloading leads to disqualification

unless it is a malfunction of the pistol. Malfunction must be verified by Match
Officer, APDS Rep and Range Officer. Experts may be called by Match Officer
for a better decision.
4.40 If during the CoF the shooter drops his pistol he must stop and do not
collect it. The Range officer will collect the pistol clear it from pellets inspect it,
put it safe and hand it over to the shooter. The shooter will be disqualified only
from this CoF and not the match. A shooter picking up a dropped pistol is
disqualified from the complete match.
4.41 In some occasions during a CoF it might be requested to reload. During this
action a shooter might choose not to holster his pistol after clearing it but place it
on a surface until he prepares a fresh magazine. This is not considered a pistol
drop.
4.42 If a shooter carries more then one pistol at a time he is automatically

disqualified from the match.
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4.43 If the shooter refuses to follow Range officer instructions he is disqualified
automatically.
4.44 If the shooter behaves in an unsportsmanship like behavior he is

disqualified and sent home.
4.45 If the shooter is under the influence of alcohol or drugs he is disqualified and
asked out of the range.
Malfunctions.
4.46 In real word scenarios malfunctions occur hence that are part of APDS
unless the occurrence is not noted just before the start signal.
4.47 The shooter can decide to:

a. As for self disqualification.
b. Attempt to remedy the malfunction.
4.48 If the shooter asks for self disqualification he will be only disqualified from
this match. The Range Officer will stop the time on notification. Only in this case
after the Range Officer clears the shooter and pistol, the targets done until
malfunctions are checked for score and the score sheet completed. The shooter
will gain hit fact till time of malfunction. All other disqualification means no points
are accounted for. This is the only exception to the rule.
4.49 The shooter has the option to remedy the situation. He is limited to do so
within 60 seconds. If he cannot remedy within 60 second then he is disqualified
by the Range Officer which stops the timer. The shooter and pistol are cleared
then counting is done for this exception.
4.50 In NO occasion must a pistol get back in the Shooter Area loaded due to
malfunction. Gas must be released, CO2 cartridge removed and magazines
removed.
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Range Officer
4.51 The Range officer issues the starting commands according to the CoF
manifesto. This may include:
LOAD & MAKE READY (depends on pistol ready conditions in the manifesto).
The following commands are always standard.
ARE YOUR READY
STAND BY
GO ( or Beep )
At the end of the CoF
UNLOAD AND SHOW CLEAR
YOU ARE CLEAR HOLSTER.
RANGE & SHOOTER CLEAR
4.52 The Range Officer will not warn the shooter of any procedural penalties but
marks the score sheet on each occurrence. He will warn and give penalty only on
Pistol ready conditions.
4.53 The Range Officer will ONLY give a command to the shooter if his
procedural penalty is considered a case of Disqualification. In such a case the
Range Officer will issue command:
DQ
Followed by:
UNLOAD AND SHOW CLEAR
YOU ARE CLEAR HOLSTER.
RANGE & SHOOTER CLEAR
SHOOTER LEAVE COF.
5. Participation in APDS – Qualifiers.
5.1 Participating in APDS matches requires that one passes a Qualifier.
5.2 The APDS Qualifier is preceded by an introduction to APDS.
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5.3 The persons may practice the APDS qualifiers at their own pace to get the
correct skill and the required score. This also helps the participant to get
accustomed to his/her equipment and learn all the required safety skills.
5.4 It is also important that the persons seeking participation in APDS understand
this rule book to lean the basics of this sport.
5.5 When the person feels confident that he can perform the APDS qualifier
successfully then he shall perform it under the observation of APDS officer for
final certification.
5.6 Only qualified shooters will be allowed to participate in APDS championship

matches.
5.7 In the next page you will find the qualification stages are requirements.
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APDS – COURSE QUALIFIER
NOTE: Start position for all strings EXCEPT Stage One / String 5 is hands naturally at the sides.
The wall is 24 inches wide by 6 feet tall and box is 24 inches wide. Classic Diamond Targets.
STAGE 1
4 meters - 100% shots (12) in this stage must land in the target scoring area otherwise
repeat.
String Position Instruction Shots
1 1 From Box load magazine, draw and fire two (2) shots to T1. 2
2 1 From Box draw and fire two (2) shots to T2. 2
3 1 From Box draw and fire two (2) shots to T3. 2
4 1 From Box load magazine draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1- 6
T3
**Hits must be patched before string 5
5 1 From Box start draw the gun and with the WEEK fire one (1) 3
shot at each T1-T3.
WEEK HAND ONLY.
6 1 From Box load magazine. Start back to targets, turn-draw and 6
fire one (1) shot at each, T1-T3, reload new magazine and fire
one (1) shot each T1-T3.
T3 STRONG HAND ONLY.
STAGE 2
8 meters – 80% of the shots (24) in this stage must land in the target scoring area
otherwise repeat.
1 2 From Box load magazine draw and advance towards targets fire 6
two (2) shots at each T1-T3 while moving forward ( all shots
must be fired while moving) there is a forward fault line at the 4
meters for this string
2 3 From the fault line load magazine draw and retreat from targets, 6
fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 while retreating. (All shots must
be fired while moving) till you reach the box.
3 2 From Box load magazine. Start back to the targets, turn draw 12
and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3, reload and fire two (2)
shots at each T1-T3.
T3 “STRONG HAND ONLY”.
STAGE 3
Position 4 – 10 meters
Position 5 – 12 meters
Wall and oil drum required.
50% of the shots (15) in this stage must land in the target scoring area otherwise repeat.
1 4 Load - Draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from either 12
side of the barricade, reload and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3
from the other side of the barricade.
2 4/5 Load - Draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from either 12
side of the barricade, reload and advance to position #5, fire two
(2) shots at each T1-T3 from around either side of the oil barrel.
3 5 Load - Draw, kneel and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from 6
around either side of the oil barrel.
CO2 pistols start in DA hammer down safe – SA start no pellet or BB in chamber.
If more then three repeats are required, the qualifier must be re-started preferably on
another day. All persons passing this qualifier can take part in Air Pistol Dynamic
Shooting events.
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6. APDS - RCO Qualification
6.1 In APDS the role of the RCO is very important. He must guide and judge the
competitor through the CoF. Unlike other shooting disciplines the RCO in APDS
must judge by sight the actions of the competitor hence a basic knowledge of
APDS rules is required to help him judge a competitor conducting a CoF.
6.2 All APDS RCO’s must pass the APDS qualifier program.
6.3 The APDS – RCO Qualification is based on levels. There are the following
levels.
a. APDS RCO – Level 1

b. APDS RCO – Level 2
c. APRDS RCO – Level 3
6.4 A level 1 - APDS RCO will be qualified on the basic safety and competition
rules and will be able to conduct CoF follow through with the competitors.
6.5 A level 2 – APDS RCO will be qualified on all the Rules to conduct basic
safety and competition rules and match rules. Level 2 RCO will lead all other
Level 1 RCO’s during a match.
6.6 A level 3 – APRDS RCO will be qualified on all the Rules appertaining to
APDS and ARDS ( Air soft Rifle Dynamic Shooting ) or a combination of Pistol
and Rifle dynamic shooting called “2-Gun Dynamic Shooting”.
6.7 For one to qualify as an APDS RCO he must study the color coded chapters
shown in the APDS index and sit for a multiple choice exam that is specifically
covering that level. The contents of Yellow chapters are required for Level 1 RCO
qualification. The contents of the Green chapters plus the Yellow chapters are
required for level 2 RCO qualification. For level 3 qualification one must study the
regulations of the ARDS which are on a separate Rule Book.
To qualify for any level one must score 100% before proceeding to a higher level
of qualification.
6.8 Once can attempt to take examination in step or at a higher level any time.
7. Match Procedures.
Match Management.
7.1 The direction of all the persons qualified for running an APDS match is the
Match Officer. He is required to co-ordinate Range Officers, APDS rep and other
match crew members.
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7.2 The APPS rep is the person responsible for setting up for the APDS match
together with the match crew and to ensure that all related equipment, targets,
props are in perfect order during the match.
7.3 The match layout must be inspected and certified by the APDS Level 2 RCO
prior to the match. In case of non conformity with safety or APDS rules he will
instruct necessary modifications.
7.4 The Match RCO’s will issue commands and follow through competitors
during the match and record their CoF process details on the shooters score card
which include:
a. Pistol Type Leveling details.
b. Procedural Penalties.
c. Scoring Penalties.
d. Final recorded time.
e. Disqualification Notes.
After the shot the RCO together with the competitor will walk the stage to record
hits on each target and scores. The Range officer will not announce verbally any
procedural penalties during the CoF unless there is a disqualification due to the
action DQ.
7.5 The Match Officer will pass the sheet to the counting officers to finalize the
score once signed by the RO and the competitor.
7.6 Should a competitor contest the decision taken by the Range Officer during
his score sheet filling he may present a protest to the APDS RO Level 2.
7.7 The APDS RO level 2 decision is final.
Registration and squadding
7.8 All participants must be APDS qualified to register for a match.
7.9 All qualified APDS participants must register within the stipulated time set by
MAAC for the match.
7.10 Any late comers can be denied participation to the match.
7.11All registered participants will be given a squad number (their group

number).
7.12 Each RCO will be assigned with a squad number and the list of members in
his squad is given to him by the registrar.
7.13 Registered participants can until 15 minutes from briefing practice at the
zeroing lane. However no one is allowed to practice on the match CoF.
7.14 The safety briefing is given by the RCO to his squad.
18
7.15 The RCO will walk through with the squad the CoF according to the CoF
manifesto.
7.16 Anyone person registered not present for the safety briefing will be
Disqualified from the Match.
7.17 After the walk through the RCO will allow some time for any questions.
7.18 Then all the competitors must return to the “Shooters Area”.
7.19 NO FURTHER SHOOTING OR ZEROING ALLOWED AFTER THE SAFEY

BERIEFING.
7.20 The Range Officer will call the 1st person on his squad list to the CoF.
7.21 The Range Officer will read the Shooter Starting Conditions and the Pistol
Ready conditions.
7.22 The Range Officer will commence with the CoF.
7.23 When the CoF is over and there is no DQ the Range Officer will declare
range clear and walk the CoF with the shooter to fill up the remaining items on
the score sheet.
7.24 Once the sheet is signed by competitor the competitor is sent by the RO to
the “Shooters Area” and wait until all the squad members are ready from this
CoF.
Patching up and replacing targets.
7.25 A member or members of the set up crew will then patch or replace the
targets.
7.26 Target will be replaced for every 5 competitors. Meaning if 6 competitors are
in the squad the 6th competitor will also shoot on a patched target. There must be
10 competitors to replace the target after the 5th shooter.
7.27 The crew must ensure all holes on all paper targets are patched and any
metal poppers are reset. If the targets need to be replace they must match the
manifesto and in the same position and height. If there is a change and such
change is not made clear to the RCO and the next shooter then the CoF is null
and must be re shot.
Score and Score Sheets.
7.28 The score sheets are filled up by the Range Officer but will be counted by
the statistic officers.
19
7.29 The score for the CoF for each shooter will be displayed on a notice board.
7.30 It is the responsibility of the shooters to verify the score.
7.31 Any scoring mistakes must be cleared until 10 minutes from the issue of the
last score sheet on the notice board.
7.31 Later protest will not be recognized.
7.32 After 10 minutes from the issue of the last score sheet the statistics officers
will issue the classification.
7.33 The first 3 ranking places will receive the prices.
Ties.
7.34 In MAAC APDS the match is composed of 2 x CoF as described in 4.6.

The over all result is determined by the total Hit Factor obtained from CoF 1 and
CoF 2.
7.35 Should there be more then one shooters with the same Hit Factor this
means that we have a Tie. The 1st Tie breaker will be to list the competitors by
the final scoring target points (Final scoring points = Value of Scoring Targets –
No Shot target value – scoring penalties).
7.36 The Ties is resolved by a shoot off on steel plate. The design of the steel
plate is decided by the APDS rep on site. There will be only one string. The
fastest will win.
7.37 Steel Plate shooting will continue until all ties are resolved.
20
8. CoF Manifesto and Match example.
8.1 CoF Manifesto.
MAAC APDS – Match Jan 2008 – CoF 1

CoF Type Short Shooter Start In Box A. Back to targets. Both
position and Hands on head.
stance
Max Shots to carry. OPEN Pistol ready Loaded – Safe On – Hammer
condition down – Holster.
CoF Layout
Course of Action Procedure.

1. Shooter Starts on GO signal from Box A
2. Draws and proceed to Drum while engaging T1 – T2 – T3
3. From either side of the Drum engage T4 – T5 – T6
4. Retreat from Drum and engage T7 – T8 until in Box A to stop time.
Additional Information.
1. Shooting for Drum sides in crouched position.
2. Start and End procedures governed by RO
21
8.2 EMPTY APDS Score Sheet for COF
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (SHORT Version)

CoF Type Short Name &
Surname
Max Shots on Targets 16 Pistol Type
Max Shots Carried Open Squad Number
Memb No.
Pistol Leveling RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason
RPP (2.5s)
Time to complete CoF
Procedural Notes
Penalties
Non effected Notes
Mandatory
reloads
Scoring Targets No Shoot Targets
Target No Hits Value Penalties Target Hits Value Penalties
No
T1 NST 1
T2 NST 2
T3 NST 3
T4 NST 4
T5
T6
T7
T8
Totals Totals
1. Best value out of 2 hits. 3. NST highest value X 2 penalty.
2. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2 penalty.
Points Calculation ( Statistic Officer use only)
Add Total Hits ST and NST Add Total Point
CoF Short 16 Penalties ST and
CoF Medium 24 NST
CoF Long 32
Max CoF shots exceeded -5 Calculate Final Penalty Points
Value Points Total Penalties Total

Scoring Targets Final
Points
Time Calculation (Statistic Officer use only)
Total RHP and RPP Time to complete
CoF
Add total RHP-RPP to Time Total time with
to complete CoF RHP RPP
Time Penalties. Count Procedural A V Count Non effected A V
Penalties 1sec mandatory reloads 10sec
each each
Total Time Penalties Total Final Time
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final

Time
22
8.3 Below is the sequence of events during the CoF performed by this shooter.
These are actions being observed by the RO following our shooter.
The hits are checked after the CoF is performed and range is clear.
Note all these details are reflected in 8.4 the score sheet which is partially filled
by the RO.
• Shooter John Borg has an 8 shot drum C02 Pistol hence no RHP or
RPP penalties.
• Shooter John Borg had 3 X 8 shot magazines and was not checked
since CoF was not shot restricted.
• Shooter John Borg started with correct Pistol Ready condition and
Shooter Start and stance.
• He engaged T1 on the move with 2 shots highest value 2
• He engaged T2 on the move with 3 shots highest value 4
• He engaged T3 on the move with 1 shot highest value 4
• No Finger on trigger while pistol was not pointed to T1-T2-T3
• He hit NST1 with 1 shot highest value 2
• He hit NST 3 with 1 shot highest value 2
• He arrived at drum .
• He engaged T4 with 2 shots highest value 4 from above drum
Procedural Penalty.
• He engaged T5 with 2 shots highest value 4 form side of drum
• He engaged T6 with 2 shots highest value 4 from side of drum
• He engaged T7 on the move with 2 shots and missed
• He engaged T8 on the move with 1 shot highest value 2
• No Finger on trigger while pistol was not pointed to T7-T8
• He returned to Box A
• His total CoF time was 12.57sec
23
8.4 APDS Score Sheet for COF Filled by RCO

CoF Type Short Name & John Borg
Surname
Max Shots on Targets 16 Pistol Type CP 88
Max Shots Carried Open Squad Number 2
Memb No. 010
Pistol Leveling n/a RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason
n/a RPP (2.5s)
Time to complete CoF 12.57
12.57 sec
Procedural 1 Notes 1st shot from above drum
Penalties
Non effected n/a Notes n/a
Mandatory
reloads
No
T1 2 5 NST 1 1 2
T2 3 4 NST 2
T3 1 4 NST 3 1 2
T4 2 4 NST 4
T5 2 4 Notes : T7 hit 2X but all in out boarder no
T6 2 4 score
T7 2
T8 1 2
Totals Totals
CoF Medium 24 NST
CoF Long 32
Max CoF Calculate Final Penalty Points
shots
exceeded -5
Points
CoF
each each

Time
24
8.5 APDS Score Sheet for COF Filled by Statistics Officer.

CoF Type Short Name & John Borg
Surname
Max Shots on Targets 16 Pistol Type CP 88
Max Shots Carried Open Squad Number 2
Memb No. 010
Pistol Leveling n/a RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason
n/a RPP (2.5s)
Time to complete CoF 12.57
12.57 sec
Procedural 1 Notes 1st shot from above
above drum
Penalties
Non effected n/a Notes n/a
Mandatory
reloads
No
T1 2 5 NST 1 1 2
T2 3 2 -2 NST 2
T3 1 4 NST 3 1 2
T4 2 4 NST 4
T5 2 4 Notes : T7 hit 2X
2X but all in out boarder no
T6 2 4 score
T7 2 0
T8 1 2
Totals 15 25 -2 Totals 2 4 -8
Add Total Hits ST and NST 15+2=17 Add Total Point -2 (+) -8 = -10
CoF Medium 24 -1 NST
CoF Long 32
Max CoF -5 Calculate Final Penalty Points -5 (+) -1 (+) -10 = -16
shots
exceeded -5
Value Points 25 Total Penalties -16 Total 9
Points
Total RHP and RPP n/a Time to complete 12.57
CoF
Add total RHP-RPP to Time 0 Total time with 12.57
Penalties 1sec 1 1 mandatory reloads 10sec 0 0
each each
Total Time Penalties 1 Total Final Time 12.57 + 1 = 13.57
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final 9/13.57 = 0.66

Time
25
9. Summary Score Penalties – Time Penalties and DQ’s.
9.1 Time Penalty Summary.
Time Penalties Summary

Reload Handicap Penalty 4.5sec for each Theoretical reload.
RHP
Reload Possible Penalty 2.5sec for each Possible reload after
RPP Theoretical reloads.
Notes on RHP and RPP :
8 shot and 10 shot drum Theoretical reloads
Short CoF : 1x
Medium CoF : 2x
Long CoF : 3x
Divide magazine capacity by 10 to determine RHP and RPP.

RHP and RPP must be added to the recorded time to complete CoF.
No RHP or RPP is user load 10 shots max per magazine.
Procedural Penalties 1 sec for each infringement
List of Procedural Penalties False Start
Not meeting Pistol ready conditions
Not meeting Shooters ready conditions
Foot Faults
Shooting beyond fault lines.
Not following any CoF manifesto requirements
Notes on Procedural Penalties: The RCO will not inform the shooter about
Procedural Penalties during the CoF. He will only do so if there is a possible
safety concern. Normally in the Pistol Ready Condition.
Procedural Penalty – Mandatory 10 sec penalty for each mandatory
Reloads. reload not performed.
Note: If the CoF manifesto specifies a

mandatory reload at any point of the
CoF this has to be observed.
ALL Time Penalties will be add to the Recorded Time to complete the CoF
26
9.2 Score Penalty Summary.
Score Penalties Summary

Scoring Targets Value Paper Targets
A = 5 points C = 4 points D = 2 points
Notes on scoring :
Outward scoring method.
Cover targets do not score on BLACK area.
If bullet is between BLACK and WHITE area it will score a hit.
Max hits per scoring target 2
Best Value out of 2 shots taken as hit value for the target
Steel plate or popper scores A = 5 points
No Shoot Targets Value (Penalty) Paper Targets
A = 5 points C = 4 points D = 2 points
If a No Shoot Target is hit the highest score is taken.
The value is doubled (x2)
This value must be deducted from the Scoring Targets Value.
Penalties on Scoring Targets Paper The Highest Value – 2 points. This
if more then two bullet hits on value must be deducted from the
target. Scoring Target Value.
Exceeding CoF Maximum Hits - 5 points. This value must be deducted
required to complete CoF from the Scoring Target Value.
27
9.3 Actions leading to Disqualification from entire Match or CoF.
Match DQ (Disqualifications) Actions.

Exposing pistols in the Spectators Area – Match DQ
Loading of a full or empty magazine inside the pistol in the Shooters Area,
Zeroing lane or CoF without the RO permission. – Match DQ
Not observing gun handling rules during Zeroing – Match DQ
Irresponsible or non sportsmanship conduct – Match DQ
Moving with finger on trigger whilst pistol is not pointed to target – Match DQ
Finger on trigger during load and unload procedure – Match DQ
Finger on trigger during clear of malfunction – Match DQ
Pointing the pistol toward the spectator are or yourself – Match DQ
Accidental discharge unless caused by malfunction – CoF DQ on Mal – Match
DQ
Dropping pistol during CoF and not picking it up – CoF DQ
Dropping pistol during CoF and picking it up. – Match DQ
Cary more the one pistol at a time – Match DQ
Refusing Range Officer Orders – Match or CoF DQ
Shooter under influence of alcohol or drugs – Match DQ
Malfunction Self Disqualification (DQ from this CoF only – Points till self DQ
valid)
Malfunction Disqualification after 60sec (DQ from this CoF only – Points till DQ
valid)
Pistol Sweep during draw – CoF DQ
10. APPENDIX
10.1 Score Sheet CoF Short

10.2 Score Sheet CoF Medium
10.3 Score Sheet CoF Long
10.4 CoF Manifesto Sheet
10.5 APDS TARGET TYPES
10.6 ADPS POPPER
10.7 ADPS STOP PLATE
10.9 ADPS Fault Line
10.10 ADPS Shooting / Start Box
28
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (Short Version)
Surname
Memb No.
RPP (2.5s)
Procedural Notes
Penalties
Non effected Notes
Mandatory
reloads
No
T1 NST 1
T2 NST 2
T3 NST 3
T4 NST 4
T5
T6
T7
T8
Totals Totals
CoF Medium 24 NST
CoF Long 32

Points
CoF
each each

Time
29
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (MEDIUM Version)
Surname
Memb No.
RPP (2.5s)
Procedural Notes
Penalties
Non effected Notes

Mandatory reloads
Target No Hits Value Penaltie Target Hits Value Penaltie
s No s
T1 NST 1
T2 NST 2
T3 NST 3
T4 NST 4
T5 NST 5
T6 NST 6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T12
Totals Totals
CoF Medium 24 NST
CoF Long 32

Points
CoF
each each

Time
30
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (LONG Version)
Surname
Memb No.
RPP (2.5s)
Procedural Notes
Penalties
Non effected Notes

Mandatory
reloads
Target No Hits Value Penalties Target No Hits Value Penalties
T1 NST 1
T2 NST 2
T3 NST 3
T4 NST 4
T5 NST 5
T6 NST 6
T7 NST7
T8 NST8
T9 NST9
T10
T12
T13
T14
T15
T16
T17
T18
Totals Totals
17. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2
penalty.
CoF Short 16 Penalties ST and NST
CoF Medium 24
CoF Long 32
Value Points Total Penalties Total Final

Scoring Targets Points
Total RHP and RPP Time to complete CoF
Add total RHP-RPP to Time to Total time with RHP

complete CoF RPP
Time Penalties. Count Procedural A V Count Non effected mandatory A V
Penalties 1sec each reloads 10sec each
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final Time
31
MAAC APDS – Match Jan 2008 – CoF 1
CoF Type Shooter Start
position and
stance
Max Shots to carry. Pistol ready
condition
CoF Layout.
Course of Action Procedure.
Additional Information.
32
33
34
35
36
20 CM METAL DISK STOP PLATE
APDS FAULT LINE = RED WHITE MARKER TAPE
APDS FAULT LINE = 3 METER 1 ½ INCH WOODEN BEAMS

PAINTED IN FLORESANT COLOUR.
APDS BOX = 1M X 1M PAINTED YELLOW AND BLACK
37
Supplement Pistol types.
One has to consider that the pistols used in APDS are not fire arms. Although the
outer shell can be 100% identical to the reproduced fire arm still this does not
guarantee full control functionality as the real fire arm.
The most evident feature is magazine loading in CO2 Air Pellet Pistols.
The majority of CO2 pellet pistols make use of drum magazines which are loaded
by opening the top slide. Only some CO2 pellet pistols make use of the stack
magazine which also incorporates the CO2 cartridge making them resemble real
fire arms. The most realistic replicas of fire arms that can be used in APDS are
air soft gas blow back guns. These normally have 100% functionality of real fire
arms both in controls and the BB loading. The difference is that the magazine
incorporates both BB’s and the propellant gas.
These factors are not of primary concern in APDS. The issue remains on the
trigger type which can effect the pistol ready conditions. Most of the pistols are
Double Action. This means that from rest with hammer down when the trigger is
pulled the trigger is cocked then on a later trigger pull stage the hammer is
released followed by a shot. For the second shot the trigger and hammer need to
go again through the cycle. Some CO2 pistols incorporate a blow back system.
This feature turns a DA into a Double Action/Single Action pistols. The reason is
that after the first DA shot is taken a portion of gas kicks the slide back to re cock
the hammer. This makes the trigger lighter to release the second and
subsequent shots.
There are pistols in Single Action which means that they cannot operate the
trigger from rest to cock the hammer. The hammer has to be manually cocked for
every shot normally spring or pneumatic pistols. This type of pistol is not allowed
in APDS as the scope for the event will be lost. However there exist a hybrid
between SA and DA this in fire arm terminology is called Striker Firing Pin Action.
This is typical of hammerless pistols such as Glocks. Glock calls it "Safe Action,"
in terms of the shooter interface, as a single-action, even though its concealed
striker is cocked by the short trigger stroke. (The BATF classifies the Glock
design as "double action only.") It does not offer second-strike capability unless
the slide moves to reset the concealed striker pin. In reality this design is neither
SA nor DA, but something new. The trigger of although lighter then DA is not as
light as the SA design since each pull needs to activate the strike fire pin
mechanism. The slide movement only resets the striker but do not cock the
“hammer”.
How does all this affect APDS?

In APDS we have what we call the pistol ready condition.
The following are the primary conditions possible.
a. Pistol Unloaded, hammer down and safe.

b. Pistol Loaded, hammer down and safe.
38
These apply to DA and DA/SA pistols and can be effected 100%.
In condition A the shooter must load a magazine after the start signal and start
shooting. The shooter may start to shoot DA or SA if he opts to cock manually
the hammer for the first shot. The remaining shots are carried out according to
the pistol type used.
In condition B the shooter loads a magazine, puts safe and hammer down before
the start signal. On the signal the shooter must draw from holster, remove the
safe and engage the first shot in DA. The remaining shots are carried out
according to the pistol type used.
For pistols hammerless or hammered which operate with the Striker Firing Pin
concept there has to be a clarification.
In condition A the shooter with a DA or DA/SA pistol is empty without magazine.

This condition will apply to those with SFP types. So the pistol must be without
magazine. On the start load magazine, the shooter must rack the slide after the
draw remove safe (if available as most SFP are trigger safe) and fire. The
remaining shots are carried out according to the pistol type used.
In condition B the shooters with a DA or DA/SA pistol start loaded but hammer
down and safe. They have the capability to shoot DA from rest. The SFP
shooters cannot perform their first shot unless the slide is racked first.
This is equivalent in fire arm terms as if the DA or DA/SA pistol has a round in
the chamber already whiles the SFP has no rounds in chamber but in magazine.
Thus in condition B the shooter using SFP must load the gun, rack the slide put
on safe and holster. This will get it in condition pellet in chamber as a DA or
DA/SA pistol.
Note the above are only the primary condition of a pistol. Remember that
conditions can be either one of the primary then a secondary condition is
imposed such as.
a. Holstered.
b. Un holstered.
MAAC PO BOX 38
NAXXAR
MALTA
39

MAAC-Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting Apds RULE BOOK V 1.1 2008

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MAAC-Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting

1. General Purpose of APDS

1. General Purpose of Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting (APDS).

2.2 Competitors wearing vision correction spectacles are recommended to wear

2.17 Loading of magazines inside a pistol is ONLY allowed in two occasions:

Pistol types allowed and leveling in APDS.

CoF Max TGTS 8S 10s

Standard 10 drum (Excluded fro RPP as magazines cannot be partially loaded).

Course of Fire (CoF) Types.

4.1 In APDS each scenario is called Course of Fire (CoF).

4.2 In APDS has 3 different CoF’s, these are:

4.8 In APDS we use the following scoring targets.

4.11 There are two variations of these targets.

Example 1: If a NO Shoot Target receives 3 hits 2 in zone D and 1 in zone A, the

4.15 Targets can be placed at any distance between minimum 4 meters

4.24 The CoF Manifest must include:

4.27 Shooters starting position and stance must be indicated.

4.28 Pistol ready conditions are limited to the following:

4.31 Procedural Penalties can be the following.

Other Penalties that lead to disqualification from the Match.

Never point a gun towards anything you do not intend to shoot.

Keep finger off trigger until your sights are on target.

4.39 Accidental discharge during loading or unloading leads to disqualification

4.42 If a shooter carries more then one pistol at a time he is automatically

4.44 If the shooter behaves in an unsportsmanship like behavior he is

4.47 The shooter can decide to:

The following commands are always standard.

ARE YOUR READY

At the end of the CoF

UNLOAD AND SHOW CLEAR

YOU ARE CLEAR HOLSTER.

RANGE & SHOOTER CLEAR

UNLOAD AND SHOW CLEAR

YOU ARE CLEAR HOLSTER.

RANGE & SHOOTER CLEAR

SHOOTER LEAVE COF.

5. Participation in APDS – Qualifiers.

5.1 Participating in APDS matches requires that one passes a Qualifier.

5.2 The APDS Qualifier is preceded by an introduction to APDS.

5.6 Only qualified shooters will be allowed to participate in APDS championship

a. APDS RCO – Level 1

7.7 The APDS RO level 2 decision is final.

Registration and squadding

7.8 All participants must be APDS qualified to register for a match.

7.10 Any late comers can be denied participation to the match.

7.11All registered participants will be given a squad number (their group

7.14 The safety briefing is given by the RCO to his squad.

7.19 NO FURTHER SHOOTING OR ZEROING ALLOWED AFTER THE SAFEY

7.22 The Range Officer will commence with the CoF.

Patching up and replacing targets.

Score and Score Sheets.

7.30 It is the responsibility of the shooters to verify the score.

7.31 Later protest will not be recognized.

7.33 The first 3 ranking places will receive the prices.

7.34 In MAAC APDS the match is composed of 2 x CoF as described in 4.6.

8.1 CoF Manifesto.

MAAC APDS – Match Jan 2008 – CoF 1

Course of Action Procedure.

MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (SHORT Version)

Value Points Total Penalties Total

Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final

MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (SHORT Version)