2 Hydro Power L2

Copyright ,TassT
Tad , 2009 2010
Bahir Dar University , Institute of Technology
School of Computing and Electrical Engineering
AppliedEnergyConversion
AppliedEnergyConversion Eeng 428
4/10/2010
Hydro-Electric Power Plants
Water flowing from higher level to lower level has kinetic energy which can be converted to
mechanical energy and then electrical energy.
The hydro-energy in flowing water is a function of weight of water and the head through
which the water falls.
Hydro-energy is an easily storable, conventional renewable energy.
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering
School of C
Computing and Electtrical Engineering
Introduction
I t d ti
The question is how much water can be stored for channelizing through penstocks and
hydro turbines, economically and conveniently,
The water
Th
t stored
t d in
i the
th upper reservoir/
i / lake/
l k / pondd constitutes
tit t the
th primary
i
energy.
The water flows through the pressure pipe line and through the hydro- turbine and draft tube
to the tail race.
Th hydro-turbines
The
h d t bi
d i the
drive
th generators
t andd the
th water
t is
i discharged
di h
d through
th
h tail-race.
t il
The potential energy is stored water in the reservoir at high head is converted into kinetic
energy in the flowing water.
Th flowing
The
fl i water
t converts
t the
th energy into
i t mechanical
h i l rotary
t energy in
i the
th hydro
h d turbine.
t bi
Hydro-turbine drives the rotor of hydro- electric generator.

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Hydro Electric Schemes have a reservoir or a pool on one side of the darn and turbine generator
units on the other side at lower level.
The Head of water results in the flow.
Energy is proportional to total weight of upper level water than can flow through turbine multiplied by
the Head of fall.
The head of water and flow rate have decisive influence on the choice of the turbine.
The types of Hydro Plants are:
1. High Head
3. Low Head.
2. Medium Head
4. Underground high head.
Reservoir is created in a valley by building a dam across a river flowing through the
valley at reasonably high level.
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assTad
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Typical
T i l Hydro-Electric
H d El t i Power
P
Plants
Pl t
The power plant is built on the downstream side of the dam. Water from the reservoir may be taken
through pressure pipe, tunnel, penstock etc. up to turbine.
The plant rating range covers a few hundred kW to a few thousand MW.
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High Head Hydro-Electric Power Plant.
High Head Scheme has a large reservoir on higher level and water from high level
reservoir flows through pressure pipe to the turbine and is finally discharged into the
tail race.
race
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assTad
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The
Th figures.
fi
below
b l illustrate
ill t t typical
t i l conventional
ti l H
Hydro
d R
Reservoir
i Schemes.
S h
The upper reservoir is usually formed by constructing a dam on a river valley at high
level.
The excess water from the reservoir is discharged through the gates in the dam.
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The tail race water usually meets the river
along the down-stream.
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Medium
Medium-Head
Head Hydro Electric Power Plants.
Medium Head Scheme has usually a darn
on a river forming the reservoir on the river
side and a hydro-electric
y
power p
p
plant on the
lower level. The tail race water is discharged
into the river.
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
Low-head Run-of-River Scheme (Small Hydro).

The low head schemes are generally small hydro schemes
rated up to 15 MW.
Low Head Scheme is usually with a
b
barrage*
* on a flowing
fl i
river
i
and
d turbinet bi
generator units mounted' within the nozzle
shaped tubular passage through the barrage.
Low Head Schemes are generally Run-ofRiver schemes with a low high
g barrage
g or weir
across a river or a canal. The bulb type or tube
type turbine-generator is installed axially within
the passage of water through the draft tube.
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* river barrier: an artificial barrier built across a river or canal
to provide water or prevent flooding.
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Turbine and Pump at Storage type hydropower plant
T bi
Turbine
,. ; ; .
,.-, l
Pumps:
Turbines:
n (rpm)
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
P
Pump
n (rpm)
loss
Centrifugal
g
10-80 HH&SD
35-400 MH&MD
Mixed flow
70-180 MH&MD
300-1000 LH&LD
Axial flow
150-320 LH&LD
Pelton
10 40 HH&SD
10-40
Francis
Kaplan
P/QH
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loss
QH/Pi
Q
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assTad
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Underground Hydro
Hydro-Electric
Electric Power Plant.
Underground Hydro Electric Power Plants are built at lower level and inside a cave. The tail
race water is discharged through a tunnel into the downstream path of the river.
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The small hydro power plants are considered as nonconventional. Hydro-Electric Projects
rated up to and including 15 MW, are called Small Hydro Projects. Projects rated up to and
including 1 MW rating are called Mini Hydro Projects.
Projects
P
j t rated
t d up to
t 100 kW are called
ll d Micro
Mi
Hydro
H d Projects.
P j t The
Th tterms are somewhat
h t
arbitrary and not exact. Conventional Hydro Projects are generally in the range of 100 MW
and above.
The economics of Small/Mini/Micro Hydro

y
Projects
j
is different from that of Conventional
Hydro Projects.
The Mini/Micro/Small Hydro Projects are further classified as Low Head/Medium Head/ High
head Projects:.
Classification of small hydro power plants by their ratings and head.
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assTad
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Large
> 100 MW
Low Head
Medium
> 15 MW
Medium Head 20 to 150 m
Small Hydro
<15 MW
High Head
Mini Hydro
<1 MW
Micro Hydro
<100 kW
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2 to 20 m
> 150 m
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Run-of-the River Plants are built across continuously flowing river with minor
seasonal variation in flow. A barrage is built across the river and turbines are housed
within the barrage. The upstream-side of the barrage has a small pool of water at
hi h level
higher
l
l than
th the
th downstream
d
t
side
id off the
th barrage.
b
Th run-off the
The
th river
i
plants
l t are
of small, mini or micro size and employ low head: Bulb Turbine or Pit Turbine or Tube
Turbine.
Diversion
Di
i Canal
C
l Schemes.
S h
Th
These
are also
l Run-of-the
R
f th River
Ri
S h
Schemes.
Th partt
The
of the water from the main river is diverted by means of a flat canal to a Weir at a
suitable geographic location.
Multi-Step River Valley Schemes. Three or more reservoirs are built at different
l
levels
l along
l
th path
the
th off flowing
fl i river.
i
Th discharge
The
di h
off first
fi t power plant
l t is
i used
d for
f
filling the second reservoir at lower level, and so on.
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
The
Th run-off
ff the
th river
i
plant
l t is
i built
b ilt in
i the
th weir.
i The
Th tail
t il race water
t flows
fl
t the
to
th
main downstream of the original river.
Pumped Storage Plants. During off-peak period the machine operates as motorpump and
d converts
t electrical
l t i l energy to
t potential
t ti l hydro
h d energy storage.
t
D i peakk
During
load on the electric grid, the machine operates in Turbine-Generator mode and
converts Hydro energy to electrical energy.
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Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
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Energy
gy and Power of the water flow
Hydraulic energy is available wherever water can be collected at a higher level and made to flow
through the turbine to lower level. Hydraulic energy is proportional to Qt X H.
Method used for determination of hydro-energy
hydro energy potential based on Beruni
Berunis
s formula.
formula
(See Fig. below)
e2 = h2/ +
p2 2 V2 2
;
+
2g
g
L1
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
1-2
-2
P
P V 2 2 V2 2
E1 2 = E1 E2 = g W h1 + 1 h2 + 2 + 1 1
g
g
2g
E12 = E1 E2 = g W ( 1 2 ) = g W H12 ;
P1 2 =
E 1 2
W
= g
H 1 2 = g Q 1 2 H 1 2 ;
T
T
Representation of parameters of water flow portion

for determination of its power.
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Where,
L1-2 a given
i
segment/distance
t/di t
off water
t flow,[m]
fl [ ]
h1,h2 a vertical Position of a relative Potential energy taken from the
centre of gravity of each sectioned planes,[m]
density of the water
water,[kg/m
[kg/m3]
g gravitational acceleration of a free fall object,[m/s2]
1,2 coefficient of non-uniform distribution of water speed (kineticenergy)
gy) along
g the sectioned line. = 1.03 1.1
V1 average speed of the flow at the sectioned line,[m/s]
v1 actual speed of the flow of water at the given point of the
sectioned line,[m/s]
p2 pressure at the given point of the water flow,[Pa]
Q1-2 discharge of the water [m3/sec]
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assTad
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p2 2 V2 2
e2 = h +
+
;
2g
g
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The relative energy

gy of water flow at the g
given section by
y taking
g the mass of the water = 1 N.
p2
/
The summation of h2 + g = h2
E1 2
/
2
which determine the reserve of relative Potential energy at the given section.
P1
P2 1 V12 2 V2 2
= E1 E2 = g W h1 +
h +
+
g 2 g
2g
P1
- relative potential energy at given point/section with respect to centre of gravity and additional pressure,[m].
g
1 V12
2g
- relative kinetic energy of the fluid. If v1 = v2, the kinetic energy difference can be neglected
If the cutting planes 1-1 and 2-2 are approaching each other ( then V1=V2 and P1=P2),
therefore, the total potential energy will be:
Where,
E1-2 Potential energy
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
E1 2 = E1 E2 = g W ( 1 2 ) = g W H1 2 ;
H1 2 = 1 2 relative Potential energy of the flow of water called head which

equal to the level of free falling of water flow within the given segment
L1-2.
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Average
g Power on the g
given section P1-2 ((kg/m
g or Watt)) is the ratio of p
potential flow E1-2 to the time in sec:
P1 2 =
E1 2
W
= g H1 2 = g Q1 2 H1 2 ;
T
T
The units of measurement is
N m3
N m
J
=
=
= watt
tt
m
m3 sec
sec
sec
Or having 1kgsec m/sec = 9.80665 watt, = 1000 kg/m3 (average value of density) and will be found
P1-2(kW) under the given Q 1-2 (m3/s) and H 1-2 (m):
P11-22 = 9.81 Q1-2

in [kW]
1 2 H1-2
1 2;
or P1-2 in MW:
P1-2 =
Q1-2 H1-2
; in [MW]
102
;
For determining energy in kWh
kWh, we multiply P1-2 by T1 (hr),
(hr)
Hence
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
E1-2 = 9.81 Q H1-2 T

Where 1 kWh = 3.610
3 6106 Joules
Time in the year, T yearly = 8760 hrs.
Yearly electrical energy will be, 85,936 Q H1-2
Sometimes it is convenient to take W in m3 (W=Qt) so the energy in kWh can be
express as,
E1 2 =
W H1 2
;
367.2
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Types of Hydro-Turbines
The prime movers for the generators installed in a hydroelectric station are Water turbines, in which the
PE and KE of the water are converted in to the mechanical energy needed for rotating the turbine
runners and generator shaft.
The choice of turbine depends on head H and flow rate Q. There are three types of turbine.
The selection of a water turbine depends up on various factors such as working head, available
discharge, speed, output and nature of load. The effective head under which the turbine is to operate
gives the first guide to the selection of the type of the turbine.
turbine For H= 300 m and above,
above an Impulse
turbine is employed.
Reactive types are not suitable for such high heads as due to high velocity of water; there will be a
rapid wear and friction losses.
Impulse Turbine (Pe1ton wheel) is used for high heads, 100 to 1000m flow rate of 2 to 100 m3/s.
Reaction Turbine (Francis) is used for medium heads, 5 to 30m flow rate of 5 to 500 m3/s.
Propeller Turbine (Kaplan) is used for low heads,2 to 100m and flow rate of 5 to 900 m3/s.
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
Types of Hydro Turbines:
Principle of Impulse Turbine (Pelton wheel).

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Cross Section of a Generator-Kaplan Turbine Unit.

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assTad
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Francis (Reaction) turbine
1. Hub of runner
1
3. Spiral casing
6. Bearing
2. Blades of Kaplan (Adjustable)

2
4. Shaft
5. Wicket Gates
7. Generator
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- ( . - N=178 ; D1=9,5 ; =34,6 ; n=71,5 /)
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In reaction turbine (Francis) the water pushes the turbine-blades by reaction.

In propeller turbine (Kaplan) the blades are pushed by propelling action of the water.
Generally the turbine and generator, exciter are mounted on the same vertical axis or horizontal
axis.
Choice of Hydro Turbines and Characteristics
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assTad
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In impulse turbine high velocity water from nozzles creates impulse on the buckets of
pelton wheel.
Head of water (m)
Low
6-50
Medium
1
15-500
High
200-1000
1
Hydro Turbine
Type
Water
storage
Actual speed, Na (rpm)
Specific speed
(kW-m units)
Kaplan
(Propeller)
Flowing river
Pond
50 -250
40 80
Francis
(Reaction)
Storage,
Pond
100- 500
60 400
Pelton
(Impulse)
Large Lake,
Reservoir
200- 1000
300- 900
300
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The water flows from p

penstocks into turbine. The flow is control- led by
y the control vanes ((or g
gates))
operated by hydraulic mechanism operated by the governor. After flowing through the turbine, the water flows
into the tail-race.
In some hydro-electric systems, several hydro power stations are located at different levels.
Hydro-electric power stations are located on the lower side of a dam.
Power Equations for a Hydro-turbine Unit

The power developed by a water turbine (its shaft output) is dependent on the volumetric rate of water
flow through it and the head of the water.
Pturbine = 1000 Q H stru turbine [kgm.m/sec]

[k
/
]
Where,
Q the rate of flow of water through the turbine [m3/sec]
H - the water head [m]
stru - the efficiency of the structure (water channel
channel, head
head, penstock pipe and drought tube etc.)
etc )
Since 1kW = 102 kgm/sec
Pst . =
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
turbine the efficiency of the turbine for min and max capacities, the range differs from 0.88 up to 0.94.
1000 Q H
s t g = 9.81 Q H ;
102
Where,
station - the station efficiency
s t g (which is from 0.85 up to 0.86.)
generator - the efficiency of the generator for medium and maximum

capacities, the range differs from 0.95 up to 0.98.
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Types
T
off Turbines
T bi
for
f Small
S ll Hydro
H d
In case of Large Hydro Schemes, turbines are designed to suit site parameters.
In case of small turbines Standard Packages are available with the manufacturers and
choice is made from them.
them This saves the design time.
time
The types of standard designs for Small Hydro are:
Cross Flow Turbine.
Bulb-Turbine.
Pit Turbine with Horizontal Axis.
Pit Turbine with inclined Axis.
Horizontal Axis Francis Turbine.
Horizontal Axis Impulse Turbine.
Small
Small Francis with vertical axis.
Copyright 2009, Ta
assTad
The types of turbines for low head and low speeds are Propeller type Reaction Turbines
with Kaplan runner.
The types of constructions in propeller type include
Fixed Blade Propeller (Kaplan) Turbine.
Adjustable Blade Propeller (Kaplan) Turbine
Axial Flow Propeller Turbines
Tube
Pit
Bulb
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Types of Turbines and Parameters for Small Hydro Schemes

Type
Head ,m
Discharge ,m3.
Speed* ,rpm
Rating ,kW
7.5-100
0.15-5.0
100-1000
50-1000
Bulb (Package)
5-18
4-25
187-500
150 4500
150-4500
S-Type (Tubular)
3-18
1.5-40
120-750
50-5000
Vertical Tubular
5-18
2-20
300-750
300 750
300-750
Horizontal Francis
20-300
0.6-17
300-1000
500-5000
Horizontal PeIton
75 400
75-400
033
0.3-3
120 1000
120-1000
100 5000
100-5000
Cross flow
Typ
e
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assTad
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*Higher Generator Speeds through gearing unit.
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Cross flow
Bulb (Package)
S-Type
(Tubular)
Vertical
Tubular
Horizontal
Francis
Horizontal
PeIton
Speed* Rating kW
Head m
Discharge
m3.
7.5-100
0.15-5.0
100-1000 50-1000
5-18
4-25
187-500 150-4500
3-18
1.5-40
120-750
50-5000
5-18
2-20
300-750
300-750
20-300
0.6-17
300-1000 500-5000
75-400
0.3-3
120-1000 100-5000
rpm
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Merits of Hydro-Electric Energy

Hydro-energy is a clean and renewable energy. The hydroelectric power generation does not produce
pollution. The hydro energy is renewed naturally by rain-water and by melting of snow on high mountains during
summers.
The natural renewable energy is stored in the high level reservoir and used whenever necessary. In this
regard, it is different from the solar and wind energies which cannot be stored in huge quantities.
Very huge Hydro-electric power plants in range of several hundred to a few thousand MW rating are
operating satisfactorily with lowest operating costs and no pollution in several nations in the world.
Hydro-Energy Technology is environment-friendly, renewable and simple.
More than 35 Hydro electric power plants in the world are rated more than 1000 MW
MW, some are rated above
5000 MW. A coal fired thermal power plant of such a capacity would result in environmental pollution beyond
permissible limits.
Transport of raw energy is natural by gravity.
The other fossil fuelled power plants have to depend on transportation of fuel up to power plant.
The operating
p
g cost of hydro
y
electric p
power p
plants is low and the renewable energy
gy resource
occurs free of cost. The price rise of fossil fuels does not affect the price of hydro energy.
The life of hydro-electric plants is 40 to 80 years.
Initial capital cost is high and construction periods are long for conventional large Hydro-Electric Power Plants.
Large hydro potential is usually away from load centers and additional investment is necessary for
transmission of bulk power from large remote hydro-electric power plants to distant transmission network.
Recently, long distance HVDC Transmission Systems have been installed successfully for this purpose and
Large Hydro Electric Projects can be built far away from load centers without limitation of transmission system.
Hydro-electric power plants have operational flexibility. They can be started quickly, stopped quickly. Auxiliaries
are simple. Hydro-electric plant can be operated as a base load plant or a peak sharing plant.
Hydro-Thermal coordination helps in conserving precious fossil fuels and utilizing natural water during
monsoon (or summer water from snow)
snow).
Mile reservoirs are necessary for supplying water for drinking, irrigation, industries, power plants, fisheries,
aqua-bio energy farms, forests etc. and the water let out from tail race is usable for these multi purposes. Thus
the electric power is received as a renewable bonus.
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Merits of Hydro Turbines
Quick starting, loading, stopping.

Flexibility of operation.
operation
Excellent peaking performance.
Suitable for remote, rural, agricultural areas.
Efficiency of turbine is very high.
Long service life.
Low operating cost. Requires few operating staff.
Civil construction is simple and compact with local materials and labour.
Hydro Power Plants are environment friendly and compatible with the environment (unlike
fossil fuel plants which emit CO2, S0x, NOx, Particulate Matter and Nuclear Power Plants
associated with radioactive wastes).
Environmental Aspects concerned with Hydro Power
The major
Th
j environmental
i
t l issues
i
t be
to
b analyzed
l
d before
b f
planning
l
i
and
d sanctioning
ti i
a Hydro
H d
Scheme are however related with the reservoir volume and tailrace water flow and their impact
on the population, agriculture, geography, geology, forests, aquatic life, etc. The impact is
related with the catchment area. The permits from environmental authorities for large hydro
projects
p
j
should be taken in advance.
Hydro Schemes are multipurpose. The water is used before and after power generation and
there is no wastage of water. Only the head is lost during power generation.
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Diversion weir -Chara Chara in 1995/97
Catchment area 16,300 km2
Spillway -1787.00 mast./635 m long
Average Discharge - 118 m3/s
Firm Release - 110 m3/s
Flood Peak at PH 1720 m3/s
Tis Abay II Hydro Power Station

Water discharge, max. - 150 m3/s
Gross head 53 m
Installed
I t ll d capacity
it -73
73 MW
Yearly energy production - 359 GWH
Level differences of 59 m
Francis Type Turbine, 36.8 MW(Each)
Turbine Rated Head 52.3 MW
Turbine Rated speed 214.3 rpm
Turbine Rated Discharge (Each) 75 m3/s
Intake gates
Turbine Rated Head 52.3 m
Poundage capacity - 80,000
Double circuit 132 KV Transmission line
m3
Generator Transformer Rated Voltage
13.8/132 KV
Firm Energy (Total) 400 GWH/Year
332 m
Generator Rated Power Factor 0.9
Generator Voltage 13.8 KV
Surface penstock 2X 4.60 m
Generator Rated Capacity (Each) 40 MVA
Rectangular canal,
LXW X H
(1,500 X 17 X 8.5)m
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The Layout of hydroelectric Power Plant

Tiss abay
Out flow
regulation
Nile river
down stream -35 km
45 m fall
Tis Abay I hydroelectric plant -1964

Installed capacity - 11.4 MW.
Water discharge, max. 30 m3/s
Gross head 53 m
Generator Transformer Rated Voltage
3.3/32 KV
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P
Pmax
P
Pmax
,%
,%
Stand-by
units
HEPP
Storage
type
Paverage
4
Pmax
Pmax
SEPP
&
NEPP
Pmin
b)
Daily Load Curves of a typical power system:

a)
a Load Curve and its formation; b Power Curve and its coverage; 1- Constant and 24hrs operating factories' loads;
2- Load of factories with three shifts ; 3- Load of factories with three shifts ;
4 load for electric transport; 5 Factories with single shift; 6 lighting load; 7 Self usage for electric power station;
PR Pump regime, R Turbine regime.
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Surplus flow
. Intake head works
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- , =0,46 , 500 =49 :

1 - ; 2- ; 3- - ; 4 - ; 5 - ; - ; 7 - ; 8 -
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5- - ( 1500 , 1=1,8 ):
1
; 2 ; i;4
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P=200 kW
D of the turbine =1m
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(.,PG =300;P=310=20m;n=200/;D=4):
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The following points should be taken into account while selecting the site for a hydro-electric
PowerStation :
i. Availability of water. Since the primary requirement of a hydro-electric power station is the
availability of huge quantity of water, such plants should be built at a e.g., place (river, canal) where
adequate water is available at a good head.
ii. Storage of water. There are wide variations in water supply from a river or canal during the year.
This makes it necessary to store water by constructing a dam in order to ensure the generation of
power throughout the year. The storage helps in equalizing the flow of waters that any excess quantity
of water at a certain period of the year can be made available during times of very low flow in the
river This leads to the conclusion that site selected for a hydro-electric
river.
hydro electric plant should provide adequate
facilities for erecting a dam and storage of water.
iii. Cost and type of land. The land for the construction of the plant should be available at reasonable
price. Further, the bearing capacity of the ground should be adequate to with-stand the weight of heavy
equipment to be installed.
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Choice
Ch i off Site
Sit for
f Hydro-electric
H d
l t i Power
P
Stations
St ti
iv. Transportation facilities. The site selected for a hydro-electric plant should be accessible
by rail and road so that necessary equipment and machinery could be easily transported.
It is clear from the above mentioned factors that ideal choice of site for such a plant is near a river
in hilly areas where dam can be conveniently built and large reservoirs can be obtained.
4/10/2010
57
Hydro-Electric Power Plants - Some Exercises
Solution:Weight of water available is

W = Volume of water x density
( mass of 1 m3 of water is 1000 kg)
= (5 x 106) x (1000)
= 5 x 109 kg
= 5 x 109 x 9981
81 N
Electrical energy available = W x H x overall

= (5 x 109 x 981) x (200) x (075) watt . sec
School of C
Example 1. A hydro-electric generating station is supplied from a reservoir

of capacity 5 x 10 6 m3 at a head of 200 m. Find total the energy available in
kWh if the overall efficiency is 75%.
= (5 x 109 x 9.81) x (200) x (0.75) kWh

3600 x 1000
= 2.044 106 kWh OR 2.044 MWh
4/10/2010
58
Hydro-Electric Power Plants Some Exercises
Solution:Solution:
Weight of water available, W = 94 x 1000 = 94000 kg/sec
Water head, H = 39 m
Work done/sec = W x H = 94000 x 981 x 39 watts
= 35, 963 x 103 W = 35, 963 kW
This is gross plant capacity.
School of C
Example
E
l 2.
2 It has
h been
b
estimated
ti t d that
th t a minimum
i i
run off
ff off approximately
i t l
94 m3/sec will be available at a hydraulic project with a head
of 39 m.
Determine(i) firm capacity
(ii) yearly gross output. Assume the efficiency of the plant to be 80%.
i. Firm capacity = Plant efficiency x Gross plant capacity

= 080 x 35,963 = 28,770 kW
ii. Yearly gross output = Firm capacity x Hours in a year
= 28,770 x 8760 = 252 x 106 kWh
4/10/2010
59
Example 3. Water for a hydro-electric station is obtained from a reservoir with

a head of 100 meters. Calculate the electrical energy generated per hour per cubic
meter of water if the hydraulic efficiency be 086 and electrical efficiency 092.
Solution:Water head, H = 100 m ;
discharge Q = 1 m3/sec;
discharge,
overall = 086 x 092 = 079
Wt. of water available/sec, W = Q x 1000 x 981 = 9810 N
Power produced = W x H x overall
= 9810 x 100 x 079 watts
= 775 x 103 watts = 775 kW
Energy generated/hour = 775 x 1 = 775 kWh

School of C
4/10/2010
60
* The total rainfall cannot be utilizedd as a part of it is loost by evaporation or absorption by groound. Yield
factor indicates thhe percentage of raiinfall available for uutilization. Thus 800% yield factor meaans that only
80% of total rainffall can be utilized.
School of C
Example 4.
4 Calculate the average power in kW that can be generated in a
hydro-electric project from the following data,
Catchment area
= 5 x109 m2 ; Mean head, H = 30 m
Annual rainfall, F = 125 m ;
Yield factor, K = 80 %
Overall efficiency, overall = 70 %
If the load factor is 40% , what is the rating of generators installed ?
Solution:S
l i
Volume of water which can be utilized per annum
= Catchment area x Annual rainfall x *yield factor
= ((5 x 109) x ((125)) x ((08)) = 5 x 109 m3
Weight of water available per annum is
W = 5 x 109 x 981 x 1000 = 4905x 1012 N
Electrical energy available per annum ,
= W x H x overall = (4905
(49 05 x 1012) x (30) x (0.7)
(0 7) watt-sec
tt
= (49. 05 x 1012) x (30) x (0.7 ) kWh = 2.86 x 108 kWh
Max. demand
1000 x 3600
g ppower = 286 x 108/8760 = 32648 kW
Average
Max. demand = Average demand /Load factor = 32648/0.4 = 81620 kW
Therefore, the maximum capacity of the generators should be 81620 kW.
4/10/2010
61
i.
Calculate the total electrical energy that can be generated from the power
station.
ii. If a load of 15, 000 kW has been supplied for 3 hours, find the fall in
reservoir
i level.
l l
Solution.
i. Wt. of water available,
W = Volume of reservoir x wt. of 1 m3 of water
= (5 x 106) x (1000) kg = 5 x 109 x 9.81 N
Overall efficiency, overall = 0.95 x 0.9 x 085 = 0.726
Electrical energy that can be generated
School of C
Example
E
l 5.
5 A hydro-electric
h d
l t i power station
t ti has
h a reservoir
i off area 2.4
2 4 km
k 2 andd
capacity 5 x106 m3. The effective head of water is 100 meters. The penstock,
turbine and generation efficiencies are respectively 95%, 90% and 85%.
= W x H x overall = ((5 x 109 x 981)) x ((100)) x ((0726)) watt-sec.

= (5 x 109 x 9 8 1) x (100)x (0.72) kWh = 9,89,175 kWh
1000x 3600
4/10/2010
62
School of C
4/10/2010
63
School of C
4/10/2010
64
School of C
4/10/2010
65
School of C
4/10/2010
66
School of C

Plant
Plant
Tekeze
GilgeGhibeII
Beles
GGIII(PhaseI)
Halele
Werebesa
Halele+Worabesa
ChemogaYeda1
Chemoga Yeda 2
ChemogaYeda2
Genale2
Genale3
Genale2&3
Geba1
Geba2
Geba1&2
AleltuWest
Baro1
Baro2
Plant
Baro1&2
AleltuEastStage1
Calub(CCGT)Natgas
Caradobi
TendahoGeothermal
AlutoGeothermal
TkezeII
GibeIV
CapacityMW
Capacity MW
300
420
460
1870
100
326
422
162
118
171
177
348
194
150
344
265
166
479
CapacityMW
645
189
600
1800
30
10
450
4/10/2010
1900
Status
U.construction
U.construction
U.construction
U.construction
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Status
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
67
School of C
No.
Plant
InstallCapacityMW
Avg.EnergyProduction
GWh/Yr
Koka
Koka
43 2
43.2
171
AwashII
32
126
AwashIII
32
126
Fincha
134
531
MelkaWakena
153
604
TisAbayI
11.4
80
TisAbayII
73
279
GilgilGibeI
184
642
ICSHydro
662.6
2559
ICSDiesel
85.5
582
10
AlutoLa.Geothermal
7.3
TotalICS
755
3141
TotalSCS
36
39
TOTALICS+SCS
791
3180
4/10/2010
68
School of C
No.
HydroPlants
InstalledCapacity,MW
Tekeze
300
GilgilGibeII
420
GilgilGibeIII
1870
Beles
460
4/10/2010
69
GONDER I 15B
U/Un = 98.11
phi = -19.42
DABAT 15
U/Un = 94.35
phi = -21.08
P = 2.75
Q = 1.38
cosphi = 0.89
I = 0.03
P = -0.62
Q = -0.46
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.01
P = 0.61
Q = 0.41
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.03
P = 1.49
Q = 1.10
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.02
P = -1.49
Q = -1.10
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.02
P = 1.48
Q = 0.99
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.07
GONDER I 66
U/Un = 98.70
phi = -19.02
P = -0.61
Q = -0.41
DABAT 66
U/Un = 97.17
phi = -19.20
P = -1.48
Q = -0.99
P = -1.51
Q = -0.46
cosphi = -0.96
I = 0.01
P = -0.61
Q = -0.41
P = -0.61
Q = -0.45
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.01
P = -2.75
Q = -1.33
cosphi = -0.90
I = 0.03
GONDER II 15
U/Un = 97.20
phi = -20.41
P = 5.49
Q = 1.25
P = 4.58
Q = 1.01
P = 2.38
Q = 1.60
cosphi
p = 0.83
I = 0.11
P = -4.77
Q = -3.20
BAHIR DAR I 15
U/Un = 96.62
phi = -23.02
P = -0.02
Q = 2.68
cosphi = -0.01
I = 0.03
P = -2.00
Q = -2.69
cosphi = -0.60
I = 0.31
P = -0.01
Q = -0.05
cosphi = -0.11
I = 0.00
P = 0.00
Q = -2.85
cosphi = 0.00
I = 0.26
TIAB1 G1
U/Un = 105.00
phi = -20.11
G
TIS ABAY I 45
U/Un = 100.69
phi = -21.64
P = -1.96
Q = -5.12
cosphi = -0.36
I = 0.07
P = 1.98
Q = 2.48
cosphi = 0.62
I = 0.04
P = 2.00
Q = 2.69
P = 26.30
Q = 46.02
cosphi = 0.50
P = -0.05
I = 0.15
Q = -12.16
TIAB1 G3
U/Un = 100.64
phi = -21.64
P = -1.69
Q = -1.22
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
FINOTE SELAM 15
U/Un = 98.16
phi = -17.60
P = -20.70
Q = -13.91
P = -3.61
Q = -2.00
P = - 37.96
Q = -44.87
cosphi = -0.65
I = 0.16
P = 2.68
Q = 1.23
P = 2.73
Q = 1.20
FICTITIOUS_FIN_DEB
U/Un = 99.07
phi = -12.86
P = 2.28
Q = 1.53
cosphi = 0.83
0 83
I = 0.11
FINCHAA 15A
U/Un = 90.99
phi = -13.64
P = -2.28
Q = -1.53
P = -1.06
Q = -0.71
P = -2.97
Q = -1.99
FINCHA SUGAR I 15
U/Un = 96.41
phi = -15.74
P = -5.35
Q = -3.63
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.06
P = 2.97
Q = 1.99
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.14
P = -2.98
Q = -2.14
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
FINCHA SUGAR I 66
U/Un = 98.88
phi = -14.05
P = -7.76
Q = -5.61
P = 1.06
Q = 0.71
P = 61.11
Q = 107.47
107 47
P = 32.82
Q = 10.19
cosphi = 0.95
I = 0.09
P = 7.76
Q = 5.61
FINCHAA 66
U/Un = 100.12
phi = -13.86
FINCH G1
P = -33.00
Q = -13.76
U/Un
= 99.00
cosphi = -0.92
phiI ==1.51-7.40
P = 32.82
Q = 10.13
cosphi = 0.96
I = 0.09
P = -33.00
Q = -13.70
cosphi = -0.92
I = 1.51
P = -33.00
Q = -13.71
cosphi = -0.92
I = 1.51
P = 27.72
Q = 15.69
cosphi = 0.87
I = 0.08
FINCH G3
U/Un = 99.00
phi = -7.37
P = 33.00
Q = 13.76
P = 33.00
Q = 13.70
GP = 33.00
Q = 13.71
P = 61.11
Q = 107.47
P = -1.25
Q = -0.84
FINCHAA 15 B
U/Un = 99.09
phi = -14.62
P = 70.20
Q = 41.67
cosphi = 0.86
I = 0.38
P = -71.14
Q = -43.34
cosphi = -0.85
I = 0.38
GEFARSA 132 BB1

U/Un = 95.28
phi = -23.39
P = 28.00
Q = 20.58
GEFARSA 230
U/Un = 94.53
phi = -20.32
P = 37.90
Q = 45.97
cosphi = 0.64
I = 0.16
P = 29.87
Q = 15.98
cosphi = 0.88
I = 0.16
P = 29.87
Q = 15.98
cosphi = 0.88
I = 0.16
P = 29.87
Q = 15.98
cosphi = 0.88
I = 0.16
P = -30.05
Q = -18.23
cosphi = -0.85
I = 0.09
P = -30.05
Q = -18.23
cosphi = -0.85
I = 0.09
P = -30.05
Q = -18.23
cosphi = -0.85
I = 0.09
P = 81.90
Q = 26.75
cosphi = 0.95
I = 0.23
MUGER 132
U/Un = 90.89
phi = -24.95
P = 29.45
Q = 15.80
cosphi = 0.88
I = 0.15
Q = -6.53
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.05
P = 18.99
Q = 2.90
cosphi = 0.99
I = 0.05
P = 2.56
Q = 1.72
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.12
N1858
U/Un = 98.15
METU 15
U/Un = 95.52
P = -2.56
phi = -6.92
P = -19.07
Q = 15.38
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.06
SOR G1
U/Un = 104.00
phi = 0.00
P = 2.47
Q = 0.55
cosphi = 0.98
I = 0.02
P = -2.49
Q = -0.71
cosphi = -0.96
I = 0.48
P = -2.49
Q = -0.71
cosphi = -0.96
I = 0.48
P = 2.49
Q = 0.71
P = 2.49
Q = 0.71
P = 123.22
Q = 23.47
SOR G2
U/Un = 104.00
phi = -0.00
P = -3.18
Q = -2.14
P = 76.12
Q = -47.40
P = -69.44
Q = -1.61
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.18
WOLISSO 15
U/Un = 95.58
phi = -20.20
P = 3.35
Q = 2.25
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.17
P = -2.71
Q = -1.90
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = -60.00
Q = 26.56
cosphi = -0.91
I = 2.77
P = -60.00
Q = 26.56
cosphi = -0.91
I = 2.77
P = 60.00
Q = -26.56
P = -2.71
Q = -1.90
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = 2.69
Q = 1.81
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.12
P = 59.80
Q = -27.70
cosphi = 0.91
I = 0.17
P = 59.79
Q = -33.94
cosphi = 0.87
I = 0.18
GIGI G1
U/Un = 99.00
phi = -8.09
8 09
G
P = -27.09
Q = 0.44
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.07
P = -1.96
Q = 4.77
cosphi = -0.38
I = 0.02
NEKEMTE 132
U/Un = 98.54
phi = -21.25
P = -2.03
Q = -1.42
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = -2.04
Q = -1.43
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = 2.01
Q = 1.35
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.10
P = 2.02
Q = 1.36
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.10
NEKEMTE 15
U/Un = 97.94
phi = -21.72
P = 60.00
Q = - 26.56
cosphi = 0.01
I = 0.02
MENDI132
U/Un = 98.67
phi = -21.58
MIZAN 132
U/Un = 94.02
phi = -23.16
P = -4.57
Q = -3.07
P = -0.95
Q = -0.68
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.01
BEDELE 15
U/Un = 97.09
phi = -25.03
P = 1.68
Q = 1.13
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.08
WOLKITE 230 BB1

U/Un = 97.25
phi = -16.19
MIZAN 33
U/Un = 95.39
phi = -24.93
P = 1.26
Q = 0.85
P = -1.26
Q = -0.85
P = -1.81
Q = -1.22
TEPI 15
U/Un = 97.23
phi = -28.25
P = 6.44
Q = - 1.56
cosphi = 0.97
I = 0.03
P = -6.44
Q = 1.71
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.03
P = -10.05
Q = - 0.76
cosphi = -1.00
I ==0.05
P
10.05
Q = 0.76
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.05
P = 10.05
Q = 0.90
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.05
P = 1.68
Q = 1.13
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.08
P = 0.78
Q = 0.58
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.01
P = 3.99
Q = 2.68
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.19
GILGEL GIBE OLD 132 BB1

U/Un = 98.31
phi = -18.70
P = -2.31
Q = -1.55
P = 1.95
Q = 1.31
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.09
GILGEL GIBE 15
U/Un = 101.06
phi = -20.11
ALABA 132
U/Un = 83.82
phi = -28.05
P = -3.99
Q = -2.68
DUKEM 45
U/Un = 88.84
phi = -27.95
P = 3.46
Q = 2.33
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.16
KOKA 230
U/Un = 95.49
phi = -19.15
P = 58.55
Q = 28.94
cosphi = 0.90
I = 0.17
P = 4.85
Q = 3.26
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.23
MELKA WAKENA 230

U/Un = 99.57
phi = -14.87
Q = -0.58
P = 27.35
Q = 9.48
cosphi = 0.94
I = 0.07
P = -27.50
Q = -12.08
cosphi = -0.92
I = 1.28
MEWA G1
U/Un = 98.00
phi = -10.62
P = -3.92
Q = 4.10
cosphi = - 0.69
I = 0.03
0 03
BONGA 132
U/Un = 95.14
phi = -22.50
P = -1.86
Q = -1.25
P = 6.46
Q = 4.34
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.31
P = -98.86
Q = -37.15
cosphi = -0.94
I = 4.33
MEWA G2
U/Un = 99.00
phi = -10.69
P = 27.50
27 50
Q = 16.06
P = 98.86
98 86
Q = 37.15
P = 20.00
20 00
Q = 15.91
P = -52.87
MEWA QG4
= -19.39
= -0.94
U/Un = Icosphi
99.00
= 0.25
0 25
phi = -11.86
P = 10.35
Q = 3.90
cosphi = 0.94
I = 0.05
P = 4.44
Q = 3.38
P = 1.22
Q = 0.82
BONGA 33
U/Un = 97.94
phi = -24.15
ARBAMINCH 132
U/Un = 80.07
phi = -30.36
P = 6.44
Q = 4.76
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.04
BONGA 15
U/Un = 95.71
phi = -26.01
Q = - 1.68
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.04
P = 4.04
Q = 3.57
P = 3.99
Q = 2.68
Wit h Breaker
P = -6.44
Q = -4.76
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.04
P = 6.40
Q = 4.30
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.31
P = -6.40
Q = -4.30
ARBAMINCH 15
U/Un = 95.51
phi = -32.80
P = 4.09
Q = 2.84
P = -1.77
Q = -0. 74
DILLA I 45
U/Un = 79.94
phi = -33.83
P = 3.76
Q = 2.73
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.07
DILLA 132KV
YIRGA ALEM 15
U/Un = 83.41
U/Un = 85.00
phi = -28.99
phi = -35.36
P = 1.92
Q = -2.38
cosphi = 0.63
I = 0.02
P = -3.76
Q = -2.73
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.07
P = -1.90
Q = 2. 40
cosphi = -0.62
I = 0.02
P = -0.02 P == 0.02
-0.00
Q = -0.02 Q == 0.02
-0.00
P = 1.74
Q = 0. 65
P = 0.00
Q = 0. 00
P = -1.74
Q = -0.65
cosphi = -0. 94
KOKA G1
U/Un = 98.00
phi = -19.45
KOKA G2
U/Un = 98.00
phi = -19.48 G
P = 10.00
Q = 7.67
P = 11.00
Q = 4.90
P = 11.45
Q = 6.13
P = -13.00
Q = -8.27
Q = -2.10
P = - 3.87
Q = -2.18
cosphi = -0.87
I = 0.04
P = 1.57
Q = 1.05
P = -4.12
Q = -2.61
P = 4.12
Q = 2.61
GOBESA 66
U/Un = 94.93
phi = -23.14
P = 2.52
Q = 1.11
P = 4.13
Q = 2.61
P = 2.53
Q = 1.12
P = 3.71
Q = 2.78
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.04
P = - 1.18
Q = -0.05
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.01
P = 1.17
Q = 0.85
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.01
ROBE 15
U/Un = 92.76
phi = -25.75
AWASH II 15A
U/Un = 93.63
phi = -23.78
P = 1.85
Q = 1.21
cosphi = 0.84
I = 0.09
P = -1.17
Q = -0.85
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.01
P = 1.16
Q = 0.78
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.03
P = -3.74
Q = -0.92
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.02
P = 6.53
Q = 4.83
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.04
DILLA I 15
U/Un = 86.71
phi = -35.55
P = -3.74
Wit h Breaker
P = 1.77
Q = 0.74
P = 2.24
Q = 1.50
P = -3.26
Q = -2.41
P = 3.74
HAGEREMARIAM132KV
Q = 2.51
HAGEREMARIAM33KV
cosphi = 0.83
U/Un
= 83.43
I = 0.20
U/Un = 82.94
P = -3.27
Q = -2.42
phi = -29.41
phi = -30.21
SHAKISSO 15
U/Un = 73.97
phi = -36.84
P = 2.23
Q = 1.50
P = 0.99
Q = 0.37
P = 3.26
Q = 2.41
SHAKISSO 66
U/Un = 76.06
phi = -34.80
P = -1.89
P = 1.89
Q = -0. 74
Q = 0.74
P = -1.09
Q = -1.80
cosphi = -0.52
I = 0.02
P = 6.54
Q = 4.46
cosphi = 0.83
PI = -6.55
0.07
Q = -4.46
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.07
P = 1.09
Q = 1.80
cosphi = 0.52
I ==0.02
P
-1.09
Q = -1.79
cosphi = -0.52
I = 0.02
P = 5.32
Q = 4.18
II 15
U/Un = 97.49
phi = -30.18
P = 3.03
Q = 2.04
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.14
P = -3.05
Q = -2.15
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.03
P = 11.42
Q = 8.65
P = -12.00
Q = -10.16
P = 11.42
Q = 8.65
ASELA 132
U/Un = 92.35
phi = -24.38
P = -12.42
Q = -8.74
cosphi = - 0.82
I = 0.07
P = 2.78
Q = 1.87
P = 2.73
Q = 1.83
P = -8.14
8 14
Q = -6.57
P = -0.50
Q = -0.18
P = 2.35
Q = 1.58
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.11
AWAS2 G3
U/Un = 100.00
phi = -19.03
G
P = -13.00
Q = -10.06
P = 13.42
Q = 8.83
P = 0.50
Q = 0.18
AWASH III 15
U/Un = 94.11
phi = -23.34
P = 27.48
Q = 18.44
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.16
P = -20.68
Q = - 13.03
cosphi = -0.85
I = 0.12
P = -6.80
Q = -5.40
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.04
P = 6.74
Q = 4.53
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.33
ASELA 15
U/Un = 95.29
phi = -28.70
BUTAJIRA 132
U/Un = 88.76
P = 3.73
phi = -25.90
Q = 2.63
BUTAJIRA 33
cosphi = 0.82
U/Un = 96.05
I = 0.02
P = -3.73
P = 3.73
P = 1.38
phi = -26.82
Q = -2.63
Q = 2.63
Q = 0.93
P = 27.98
Q = 18.77
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.16
HARAR II 33
U/Un = 98
98.54
54
phi = -29.46
P = -8.12
8 12
Q = -6.56
HARAR II 132
U/Un = 91.75
phi = -27.06
P = -11.71
Q = -5.64
cosphi = - 0.90
I = 0.06
CHELENKO 15
U/Un = 95.94
phi = -30.57
P = -2.35
Q = -1.58
P = 12.00
Q = 10.16
P = 13.00
Q = 10.06
AWAS3 G1
U/Un = 100.00
phi = -18.77
P = 6.53
Q = 4.47
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.07
HARAR I 66
U/Un = 98.91
phi = -28.91
P = -2.18
Q = -1.49
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
P = 2.16
Q = 1.36
cosphi = 0.85
I = 0.10
HARAR I 15
U/Un = 96.79
phi = -30.53
HARAR I 45
U/Un = 103.91
phi = -32.69
P = -2.18
Q = -1.49
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
P = -2.18
Q = -1.49
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
P = 2.16
Q = 1.36
cosphi = 0.85
I = 0.10
P = 2.16
Q = 1.36
cosphi = 0.85
I = 0.10
P = -2.90
Q = -1.67
cosphi = -0.87
I = 0.13
P = -3.59
Q = -2.41
P = 2.88
Q = 1.50
cosphi = 0.89
I = 0.04
JIJIGA II 15
U/Un = 96.24
phi = -32.25
P = -2.88
Q = -1.50
cosphi = -0.89
I = 0.04
P = -11.48
Q = -8.75
JIJIGA II 33
U/Un = 97.46
phi = -31.24
P = -5.62
Q = -3.78
JIJIGA I 45
U/Un = 96.37
phi = -33.32
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
P = 2.82
Q = 1.60
cosphi = 0.87
I = 0.04
0 04
P = -1.44
Q = -0.57
cosphi = -0.93
I = 0.02
P = 1.38
Q = 1.04
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.02
BABILE 45
U/Un = 101.29
phi = -32.93
P = -1.38
Q = -1.04
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.02
JIJIGA II 132
U/Un = 88.60
phi = -28.44
P = 11.48
Q = 8.75
P = 5.62
Q = 3.78
BABILE 15
U/Un = 103.01
P = 1.35
phi = -35.75
Q = 0.91
P = -1.37
Q = -1.04
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.02
P = 11.48
Q = 8.75
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.07
P = 5.81
Q = 3.91
P = -5.81
Q = -3.91
P = -1.35
Q = -0.91
P = -2.33
Q = -1.57
P = -5.51
Q = -3.70
P = 8.12
Q = 6.56
P = -2.36
Q = -1.69
1.69
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
HARAR II 66
U/Un = 99.22
phi = -28.89
P = 5.36
Q = 4.21
P = 8.14
Q = 6.57
P = 1.36
Q = 0.91
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
P = -1.36
Q = -0.91
JIJIGA I 15
U/Un = 103.21
phi = -36.11
COMPUTER MODELLING OF THE INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM
Created by :
Checked by :
Scale : No scale
Approved by :
P = 1.01
Q = 0.38
P = - 2.00
Q = -0.74
cosphi = -0.94
I = 0.02
P = 3.27
Q = 2.42
P = 1.89
Q = 0. 74
DILLA33KV
cosphi = 0.93
I = 0. 01
U/Un = 95.31
phi = -29.00
SINCAL File name : GGSC1

MODIFIED FROM PRP1 PROJECT 33.20/71
Variant : Peak hours A
Date : 27.07.2009
LOAD FLOW STUDY
ETHIOPAN ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION

ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
P = -1.88
Q = -0.69
NEGELE BORENA 66
U/Un = 71.51
phi = -35.76
P = 0. 00
DILLA15B Q = 0.00
U/Un = 95.31
phi = -29.00
P = -4.47
Q = -3.00
P = -6.54
Q = -4.46
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.07
P = 2.36
Q = 1.69
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.03
P = -6.74
Q = -4.53
P = 20.27
Q = 14.04
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.12
DIRE DAWA II 15
U/Un = 100.86
= -26.05
P = -3.03
Q = -2.04HARAR
P = 13.00
Q = 8.14
P = 13.42
Q = 8.83
P = 1.28
Q = 0.86
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
ALEMAYA 66
U/Un = 98.72
phi = -28.78
CHELENKO 66
U/Un = 96.85
phi = -29.04
-29 04
AWASH III 132 BB1

U/Un = 96.51
phi = -22.74
P = -1.16
Q = -0.78
P = -28.58
Q = -18.37
cosphi = - 0.84
I = 0.16
P = 1.08
Q = 1.94
cosphi = 0.49
I = 0.02
P = 13.00
Q = 8.27
P = -12.42
Q = - 8.74
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.07
GOBESA 33
U/Un = 95.40
phi = -23.97
DIRE DAWA II 132

U/Un = 95.27
phi = -25.64
P = -1.29
Q = -0.94
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.01
P = 3.82
Q = 0.96
cosphi = 0.97
I = 0.03
P = -3.82
Q = - 0.96
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.03
P = -3.66
Q = -2.46
P = -1.87
Q = -1.37
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
MELKA WAKENA YOU 66

U/Un = 96.16
phi = -22.83
ADAMITULU 132
U/Un = 89.19
phi = -25.66
P = -4.67
Q = -3.55
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.03
P = 31.20
Q = 20.28
cosphi = 0.84
I = 0.17
P = -1.33
Q = -0.97
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.01
P = - 1.08
Q = -1.94
cosphi = -0.49
I = 0.02
P = -2.40
Q = -1.16
cosphi = - 0.90
I = 0.02
AWAS2 G1
U/Un = 99.00
phi = -18.70
P = 0.48
Q = 0.52
P = -3.87
Q = -0.69
cosphi = -0.98
I = 0.03
P = -2.60phi
Q = -1.74
P = 1.08
Q = 1.97
cosphi = 0.48
I = 0.02
P = 12.42
Q = 8.79
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.07
P = -1.96
Q = -1.32
P = -11.86
Q = -9.57
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.07
P = 4.63
Q = 3.11
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.23
P = 3.82
Q = 0.98
cosphi = 0.97
I = 0.03
P = -2.50
Q = -1.79
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
P = 2.49
Q = 1.67
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.12
P = 8.58
Q = 5.77
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.41
P = -8.63
Q = -6.54
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.05
AWAS2 G2
U/Un = 99.00
phi = -18.63
G
P = 1.48
Q = 0.79
P = 1.82
Q = 1.25
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.09
P = 14.38
Q = 9.35
P = 3.87
Q = 0.69
P = 1.32
Q = 0.88
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
P = -2.49
Q = -1.67
P = -13.00
Q = -8.14
Q = -1.38
P = -1.84
Q = -1.41
cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.02
P = -14.38
Q = -9.35
P = -10.44
Q = -7.02
P = -10.50
Q = -6.29
cosphi = -0.86
I = 0.06
P = 11.45
Q = 6.13
AWASH II 15B
U/Un = 95.82
P = 12.45
Q = 6.33
P = -2.05
phi = -23.26
ROBE 66
U/Un = 91.52
phi = -23.41
P = -8.58
Q = -5.77
P = 12.42
Q = 8.79
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.07
P = 12.45
Q = 6.33
WONJI 15
U/Un = 96.17
phi = -25.78
P = 8.63
Q = 6.54
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.05
P = 10.47
Q = 7.00
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
P = -7.99
Q = -4.38
cosphi = -0.88
I = 0.04
P = -2.07
Q = -1.46
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = -0.01
Q = -0.02
cosphi = -0.50
I = 0.00
ALEMAYA 15
U/Un = 96.51
phi = -30.35
WONJI 132
U/Un = 95.92
phi = -22.97
P = -1.84
Q = - 0.49
cosphi = -0.97
IP==0.01
-8.63
Q = - 6.51
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.05
P = 7.97
Q = 5.12
cosphi = 0.84
I = 0.04
P = -28.17
Q = -17.92
cosphi = - 0.84
I = 0.15
P = -1.65
Q = 4.01
cosphi = -0.38
I = 0.16
P = 1.68
Q = -3.81
P = -7.97
Q = -5.12
cosphi = -0.84
I = 0.04
P = 2.24
Q = 1.51
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.11
ADAMITULU 15
U/Un = 95.27
phi = -28.68
Q = -2.51
P = -3.99
Q = -2.68
P = 0.00
WOLAYITA SODDO 15
Q = 0.00
U/Un = 81.83
WOLAYITA SODDOphi
66 = -36.51
YIRGALEM15B
U/Un = 85.48
U/Un = 93.96
phi = -33.36
phi = -30.32
KOKA G3
U/Un = 98.00
phi = -19.81
P = -10.00
Q = -7.67
BUTAJIRA 15
U/Un = 95.55
phi = -27.23
P = -3.23
Q = -2.17
YIRGALEM33KV
U/Un = 94.41
phi = -29.65
P = -11.00
Q = -4.90
P = -0.00
Q = -0.00
cosphi = 0.00
I = 0.00
DIRE DAWA I 66
U/Un = 100.24
phi = -28.36
P = -1.38
Q = -0.93
P = -1. 93
Q = 3.65
cosphi = -0.47
I = 0.02
P = -4.04
Q = -3.57
P = -0.14
Q = -1.48
P = -11.00
Q = -4.85
P = 2.05
Q = 1.38
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.10
P = -4.13
Q = -2.61
MU G1
U/Un = 100.00
phi = -23.62
P = -31.35
Q = -20.24
cosphi = -0.84
I = 0.17
DIRE DAWA I 15
U/Un = 97.85
P = 10.44
phi = -30.31
Q = 7.02
P = 1.62
Q = -4.16
cosphi = 0.36
I = 0.02
P = -1.68
Q = 3.81
cosphi = -0.40
I = 0.58
P = 0.06
Q = 0.73
P = 31.35
Q = 20.24
cosphi = 0.84
I = 0.17
P = -12.76
P == 12.76
Q
-13.50
cosphi
Q
= 13.51
= -0.69
I = 0.08 = 0.69
cosphi
I = 0.08
DIRE DAWA I 132

U/Un = 96.18
phi = -25.25
P = 1.66
Q = -3.99
cosphi = 0.38
I = 0.16
P = 2.33
Q = 1.57
P = -4.09
Q = - 2.84
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.07
P = 3.23
Q = 2.17
P = 10.58
Q = 5.25
cosphi = 0.90
I = 0.06
WOLAYITA SODO 132

U/Un = 82.12
phi = -29.15
P = -6.54
DIRE DAWA III 15

U/Un = 94.74
phi = -25.69
MU DIESEL 15
U/Un = 102.93
phi = -24.53
P = 10.07
Q = 8.18
P = 11.00
Q = 4.85
MELKA WAKENA YOU 132

U/Un = 96.18
phi = -19.07
P = -12.90
Q = -9.64
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.08
SHAKISSO 132
U/Un = 80.77
phi = -30.24
P = 7.41
Q = 6.22
P = -1.22
Q = -0.82
P = -3.19
Q = -2.14
DIRE DAWA III 132 BB1

U/Un = 96.36
phi = -25.22
P = -31.41
Q = -20.21
cosphi = -0.84
I = 0.17
P = -0.02
Q = -4.49
P = -2.63
Q = -1.77
KOKA 132 BB1

U/Un = 95.91
phi = -22.98
P = 1.83
Q = 0.80
cosphi = 0.92
I = 0.01
P = 0.08
Q = 0.75
P = 10.87
Q = 3.23
MELKA WALKENA 132

U/Un = 96.73
P = -3.13
phi = -18.73
P = 52.68
Q = 19.18
cosphi = 0.94
I = 0.25
P = -44.43
Q = -13.97
cosphi = -0.95
I = 0.21
P = 41.21
Q = 11.36
cosphi = 0.96
I = 0.22
P = 26.40
Q = 9.88
cosphi = 0.94
I = 0.15
YIRGA ALEM 45
U/Un = 87.38
phi = -33.57
P = -7.41
Q = -6.22
P = 7.96
Q = 5.43
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.04
KOKA HYDRO 15
U/Un = 94
94.45
45
phi = -23.51
P = -2.27
Q = -1.71
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.04
MELKA WAKENA YOU 15

U/Un = 95.34
P = 1.57
Q = 1.06
phi = -23.55
P = -4.22
Q = -3.15
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.03
P = -6.65
Q = -0.97
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.04
Wit h Breaker
P = -0.00
Q = -0.13
P = -27.07
Q = -36.87
P = -12.77
Q = -13.38
cosphi = - 0.69
I = 0.08
P = -0.02
Q = -7.43
With Breaker
P = 0.00
Q = 0.13
P = 10.85
Q = 3.16
P = 52. 87
Q = 19.39
cosphi = 0.94
I = 0.25
P = -20.00
Q = -15.91
cosphi = -0.78
I = 1.08
P = -13.23
Q = -3.61
cosphi = - 0.96
I = 0.07
P = -17.93
17 93
Q = - 3.56
cosphi = -0.98
I = 0.09
P = 17.75
Q = 4.28
cosphi = 0.97
I = 0.10
Wit h Breaker
P = 2.67
Q = 6.42
P = -0.02
Q = -0.17
P = 10.07
Q = 8.18
P = 2.31
Q = 1.66
P = -53.23
Q = -24.01
cosphi = -0.91
I = 0.15
P = 19.88
Q = 14.02
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.06
AWASA 132
U/Un = 84.38
phi = -27.61
P = -4.24
Q = -3.17
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.03
P = 4.20
Q = 2.83
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.20
P = -6.46
Q = -4.34
P = -6.49
Q = -4.70
cosphi
p = -0.81
I = 0.04
P = -10.48
Q = 0.33
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.05
P = -0.00
Q = 0.00
P = 27.07
Q = 36.87
P = 10.87
Q = 3.23
AWASH II 132 BB1

U/Un = 96.46
phi = -22.76
MEWA G3
U/Un = 102.00
phi = 0.00
SHASHEMENE 15
U/Un = 95.66
phi = -29.50
P = -2.31
Q = - 1.66
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.04
P = -59.49
Q = -11.15
cosphi = - 0.98
I = 0.15
P = 97.63
Q = 9.59
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.25
P = -27.50
Q = -16.06
cosphi = -0.86
I = 1.35
G
P = 27.50
27 50
Q = 12.08
P = -59.49
Q = -11.15
cosphi = -0.98
I = 0.15
P = 27.34
Q = 13.22
cosphi = 0.90
I = 0.08
P = -2.33
Q = -1.70
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
AWASA 15
U/Un = 96.38
YIRGA ALEM 132 phi = -30.27
U/Un = 83.16
JIMMA
15= -28.76
phi
P = 4.21
Q = 2.82
U/Un = 95.73
P = -8.41
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.20
Q = -5.65
phi = -22.91
P = -2.24
Q = -1.51
P = -4.63
Q = -3.11
JIMMA 132
P = 20.89
Q = 0.26
U/Un = 96.78
cosphi = 1.00
phi = -21.01I = 0.09
P = 19.89
Q = 13.37
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.11
DIRE DAWA III 230

U/Un = 88.77
phi = -23.36
P = 10.85
Q = 3.16
P = 2.27
Q = 1.71
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.04
MODJO 15
U/Un = 93.73
phi = -29.72
P = -4.89
Q = -3.69
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.03
SHASHEMENE 132
U/Un = 85.74
phi = -26.67
AGARO 15
U/Un = 97.79
phi = -23.90
P = 10.00
Q = 7.50
P = 19.91
P = -19.91
Q = 13.29
Q = -13.29
cosphi = 0.83cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.11
I = 0.11
P = 4.36
Q = 3.85
P = 2.00
Q = 1.35
P = -4.85
Q = -3.26
P = 2.31
Q = 1.55
cosphi = 0.83
0 83
I = 0.11
P = 0.00
Q = 0.00
cosphi = 0.00
I = 0.00
P = 2.33
Q = 1.70
P = -2.33
cosphi = 0.81
Q = -1.70
I = 0.02
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
P = -10.71
P = 13.04
Q = -3.59
Q = 5.29
cosphi = -0.95 cosphi = 0.93
I = 0.06
I = 0.07
G
P = 3.00
Q = 2.25
P = 10.00
Q = 7.50
G
G
AWASH 7 KILO 11B

U/Un = 106.93
phi = -21.43
G
G
P = 3.00
Q = 2.25
P = 24.31
Q = 27.65
P = 5.97
Q = 4.26
P
= -6.00
cosphi
= 0.81
Q
-4.50
I ==0.27
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.37
P = -20.00
Q = -15.00
cosphi = -0.80
I = 1.01
P = 19.92
Q = 13.27
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.11
P = - 19.92
Q = -13.27
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.11
P = -8.95
Q = -6.42
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.40
P = -4.36
Q = -3.85
P = 2.30
Q = 1.68
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.04
MODJO 45
U/Un = 93.11
phi = -26.99
ELALA GEDA 15
U/Un = 97.49
phi = -26.55
P = 1.73
Q = 1.16
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.09
P = -1.73
Q = -1.16
P = 58.55
Q = 28.94
cosphi = 0.90
I = 0.17
P = -6.74
Q = -4.85
ELALA GEDA 132

U/Un = 95.41
phi = -23.49
DUKEM 15
U/Un = 91.84
phi = -29.11
P = -0.86
P = -1.75
Q = -1.29
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
DEBRE ZEIT I 15
U/Un = 89.36
phi = -30.31
HOSAINA 15
U/Un = 98.77
phi = -21.85
ALABA 15
U/Un = 95.19
phi = -29.91
P = - 19.93
Q = -13.22
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.11
P = 3.00
Q = 2.25
P = -2.30
Q = -1.68
cosphi = - 0.81
I = 0.04
P = 4.89
Q = 3.69
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.03
P = 2.64
Q = 1.90
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.05
P = -0.87
Q = -0.63
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
P = -27.68
Q = 1.86
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.07
P = -44.71
Q = -29.87
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.14
P = -44.71
Q = -29.87
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.14
cosphi = 0.68
I = 0.29
P = 0.86
Q = 0.58
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.04
P = 1.75
Q = 1.29
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.03
DEBRE ZEIT I 45
U/Un = 88.14
phi = -27.96
P = -3.73
Q = -2.51
P = 3.73
Q = 2.51
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.18
P = -6.00
Q = 6.02
cosphi = -0.71
PI = 0.04
= 6.74
P = 5.96
Q
= 4.85
Q = -6.39
KOKA 45
U/Un = 94.89
phi = -26.97
P = 13.73
Q = 1.23
cosphi
hi = 1.00
1 00
I = 0.06
P = -4.89
Q = -3.49
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
P = -8.84
Q = 2.26
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.04
DEBRE ZEIT II 15
U/Un = 96.50
phi = -24.82
P = -17.28
P = -1.77
Q = -1.27
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.04
P = 8.83
Q = -1.66
cosphi = 0.98
I = 0.04
Q = -11.61
P = -0.78
Q = -0.58
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.01
HOSAINA 132
U/Un = 98.10
phi = -19.12
P = -3.77
Q = -2.81
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.02
P = 19.93
Q = 13.22
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.11
P = 12.76
Q = 13.50
cosphi = 0.69
I = 0.08
P = -13.78
Q = - 0.32
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.06
P = -2.00
Q = -1.35
P = 15.05
Q = 3.21
cosphi = 0.98
I = 0.07
P = - 2.69
Q = -1.87
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.05
P = -4.01
Q = -2.89
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.07
AKAKI I 15
U/Un = 95.93
phi = -29.44
P = -0.77
Q = -0.52
P = -0.00
Q = 1.75
cosphi = -0.00
I = 0.01
DEBRE ZEIT II 132

U/Un = 95.14
AKAKI
45
phi = I-23.98
U/Un = 90.68
phi = -27.91
P = -0.79
Q = -0.50
ABA SAMUEL 15
U/Un = 87.08
phi = -30.01
DIRE DAWA DIESEL 15

U/Un = 95.46
phi = -21.81
P = - 7.52
Q = 3.85
cosphi = -0.89
I = 0.04
P = 3.75
Q = -18.65
cosphi = 0.20
I = 0.09
P = -16.98
Q = -0.36
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.08
P = -15.05
Q = - 3.20
cosphi = -0.98
I = 0.07
0 07
P = -8.83
Q = 1.66
cosphi = -0.98
I = 0.04
AKAKI S.P FACTORY 15

U/Un = 97.12
P = 0.77
phi = -29.14
Q = 0.52
P = -5.05
Q = -3.40
P = 1.63
Q = 1.17
P = -1.63
Q = -1.17
P = 7.38
Q = 4.33
cosphi = 0.86
I = 0.04
P = 3.59
Q = 2.42
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.17
P = -3.61
Q = -2.60
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
YESU FACTORY 132

U/Un = 95.25
phi = -23.97
P = 16.93
Q = 0.88
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.08
P = -7.57
Q = -5.31
cosphi = - 0.82
I = 0.13
P = 7.49
Q = 5.26
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.13
P = -9.28
Q = -6.24
P = 2.37
Q = 1.15
cosphi = 0.90
I = 0.11
P = 27.07
Q = 36.87
cosphi = 0.59
I = 0.13
P = 9.18
Q = 6.21
P = 4.66
Q = 3.13
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.23
P = -3.08
Q = -2.32
P = 1.81
Q = 1.22
P = -1.77
TEPI
33
Q = -1.19
U/Un = 99.27
phi = -26.55
P = 1.68
Q = 1.13
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.08
P = 69.03
Q = 9.04
cosphi = 0.99
I = 0.18
P = 3.19
Q = 2.14
P = -3.13
P
Q == 3.08
-2.04
Q
= 2.32= -0.84
cosphi
cosphi
I = 0.03 = 0.80
I = 0.04
P = 5.39
Q = 4.30
P = -4.69
Q = -3.57
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.09
ABA SAMUEL 45
U/Un = 90.04
phi = -27.93
P = -2.41
Q = -1.34
cosphi = -0.87
I = 0.03
P = 5.75
Q = 3.16
P = -2.69
Q = -1.81
P = -3.00
Q = -2.25
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.19
BEDESA 15
U/Un = 94.01
phi = -30.36
P = -2.37
Q = -1.15
P = 2.41
Q = 1.34
cosphi = 0.87
I = 0.03
YESU FACTORY 15
U/Un = 96.90
phi = -25.73
P = -10.12
Q = 1.54
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.05
AKAKI S.P FACTORY 45 cosphi = -0.84

I = 0.01
U/Un = 91.02
phi = -27.91
P = -1.70
Q = -1.25
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
P = 1.25
Q = 0.84
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
AWASH 7 KILO 132

U/Un = 96
96.05
05
phi = -24.62
P = 2.98
Q = 2.15
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.13
P = 50. 51
Q = 61.30
cosphi = 0.64
I = 0.36
P = -3.49
Q = -2.59
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.02
BEDELE 132
U/Un = 97.62
phi = -21.54
P = 0.93
Q = 0.63
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.04
P = -5.92
Q = -0.52
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.03
P = -0.93
Q = -0.62
P = 0.93
Q = 0.62
P = 4.91
Q = 3.31
P = -1.78
Q = -1.27
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
TEPI 66
U/Un =P =94.04
1.77
Q = 1.19
MIZAN 15 phi = -24.80
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.09
U/Un = 96.17
P = 3.08
Q = 2.32
phi = -26.11
P = -1.70
Q = -1.25
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
P = -1.27
Q = -0.94
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.01
BEDESA 66
U/Un = 92.61
phi = -27.29
P = -2.43
Q = -1.12
cosphi = -0.91
I = 0.03
P = -2.51
Q = -1.69
P = 8.92
Q = 5.92
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.05
AWASH 7 KILO DIE 15

U/Un = 105.21
phi = -22.58
P = -4.79
Q = -2.46
cosphi = -0.89
I = 0.05
P = -3.59
Q = -2.42
P = 3.91
Q = -2.62
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.02
P = -0.41
Q = 5.22
cosphi = -0.08
I = 0.02
P = -3.46
Q = -2.33
P = 0.40
Q = -1.70
cosphi = 0.23
I = 0.01
P = -4.44
Q = -3.38
P = 5.87
Q = 4.23
MIZAN 66
U/Un = 95.67
phi = -24.65
P = -4.62
P = 4.57
Q = -3.54
Q = 3.07
cosphi = 0.83 cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.03
I = 0.22
I = 0.00
P = -5.87
Q = -4.23
Q = 1.87
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.04
P = -1.78
Q = -1.27
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
P = 5.39
Q = 3.57
P = -21.26
P = -1.97
Q = 2.02
Q = -1.40
cosphi = -1.00
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.10
I = 0.01
P = -9.78
Q = -7.41
cosphi = - 0.80
I = 0.17
P= 9
9.35
35
Q = 7.12
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.17
P = -5.05
Q = - 3.68
P = 8.99
P == -3.94
cosphi
-0.81
Q = -3.50
Q = 7.18
I = 0.03
cosphi = 0.93
cosphi = -0.48
I = 0.04
I = 0.04
P = 6.43
Q = -1.18
cosphi = 0.98
I = 0.03
P = 1.88
Q = -1.11
cosphi = 0.86
I = 0.01
P = 3.92
Q = -5.97
cosphi = 0.55
I = 0.03
P = 5.05
Q = 3.68
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.03
KALITI I 230 BB1

U/Un = 93.21
phi = -20.45 AWASH 7 KILO 11A
U/Un = 106.08
phi = -22.00
P = 44.39
Q = 36.80
cosphi = 0.77
I = 0.16
P = - 26.66
Q = -9.75
P = 11.58
cosphi = -0.94
Q = 11.65
I = 0.14
cosphi = 0.71
I = 0.08
P = -0.00 P = -0.04
Q == -0.00
3.90 Q = -7.79
P
cosphi
= -0.00
Q
= -0.00
I = 0.02= 0.00
cosphi
ASSOSA132
U/Un = 99.07
phi = -21.68
P = 8.80
Q = -0.50
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.04
P = -10.85
Q = -8.91
P = 12.84
Q = 8.63
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.62
P = 5.87
Q = 4.23
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.03
P = 44.39
Q = 36.80
cosphi = 0.77
I = 0.16
P = -12.84
Q = -8.63
P = 1.95
Q = -0.89
cosphi = 0.91
I = 0.01
GHIMBI 15
U/Un = 98.66
P = 0. 05
phiQ ==3.89-21.85
ADDIS SOUTH I 15
U/Un = 93.04
phi
= -31.10
P = 2.55
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.04
P = -1.70
Q = -1.25
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
P = -3.62
Q = -2.31
cosphi = -0.84
I = 0.04
P = 3.77
Q = 1.06
cosphi = 0.96
I = 0.02
P = 27.01
Q = - 2.66
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.12
P = -2.57
KALITI I 45 BB1
Q = - 1.86
cosphi = -0.81
U/Un = 91.71
I = 0.04
ADDIS SOUTH
phi
hi = -27.89
27I 45
89
U/Un = 87.72
phi = -27.89
15
U/Un = 96.01
phi = -19.04 QP == 2.55
1.87
P = -3.50
Q = -2.35
P = -1.95
Q = -1.31
With Breaker
GHIMBI 132
U/Un = 98.94
phi = -21.64
P = 0.02
Q = 18.16
P = -2.57
Q = -1.86
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.04
P = -4.66
Q = -3.55
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.09
P = -3.78
Q = 2.05
cosphi = - 0.88
I = 0.02
P = 60.00
Q = -20.92
P = -4.04
Q = -2.71
Q = 0.62
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.04
P = 0.02
Q = 18.16
P = -51.20
Q = -70.96
cosphi = -0. 59
I = 0.24
P = 9.52
Q = 8.04
P = -4.25
Q = -1.88
cosphi = -0.91
I = 0.02
P = -0.05 P = -0.95
Q = -0.68
Q = 2.25 cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.01
cosphi = -0.02
I = 0.01
P = 0.93
P = 0.02
Q = 18.16
P = - 69.05
Q = -8.66
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.18
P = -27.03
Q = 2.73
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.12
P = -60.00
Q = 20.92
cosphi = -0.94
I = 2.66
AGARO 132
U/Un = 96.93
phi = -21.30
P = -0.02
Q = 18.16
P = -5.42
Q = -3.64
GUDER 15
U/Un = 102.02
phi = -20.61
P = 63.41
Q = -92.26
P = -0.02
Q = 18.16
P = 50.70
Q = 61.50
cosphi = 0. 64
I = 0.37
P = 1.25
Q = 0.84
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
P = 2.32
Q = 1.12
cosphi = 0.90
I = 0.10
P = -0.03
Q = -0.08
phi = -29.70
P = -1.27
Q = -0.94
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.01
AWASH 7 KILO 15
U/Un = 102.66
phi = -28.86
P = 5.32
Q = 3.81 P = 2.69
Q = 1.81
ASEBE TEFERI 15
U/Un = 95.27
phi = -31.24
P = -2.32
Q = -1.12
P = -2.34
Q = -1.37
cosphi = -0.86
I = 0.03
P = 4.77
Q = 2.49
cosphi = 0.89
I = 0.05
P = -5.75
AMIBARA 15 Q = -3.16
U/Un = 99.15
P = -5.32
Q = -3.81
P = -9.11
Q = 6.99
cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.05
P = -3.80
Q = 19.03
cosphi
hi = -0.20
0 20
I = 0.09
P = 10.85
Q = 8.91
P = 4.62
Q = 3.11
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.23
P = 6.59
Q = 4.70
P = 27.03
Q = -2.73
cosphi = 0.99
I = 0.12
P = 4.22
Q = 5.24
cosphi = 0.63
I = 0. 03
P = -0.02
P = 59.87
Q = 14.36 P = 59.87 Q = 18.16
Q = 14.36
P = -51.39
Q = -71.20
cosphi = -0.59
I = 0.24
P = -1.88
Q = 2.33
cosphi = -0.63
I = 0.01
P = 3.53
Q = 2.64
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.04
P = 1.16
Q = 0.78
GIGEL GIBE I 132

GIGI G2
GIGI G3
U/Un = 98.37
U/Un = 99.00 U/Un = 100.00
phi = -18.59
-18 59
phi = -8.09 G phi = -8.16
P = 63.59
Q = 83.60
P = -123.22
Q = 23.47
P = -51.11
Q = -70.86
cosphi = -0.58
I = 0.24
P = 50.42
Q = 61.21
cosphi = 0.64
I = 0.36
P = 9.69
Q = 8.09
P = 4.06
Q = 2.51
P = 7.92
Q = 5.93
P = -1.76
Q = -1.19WOLKITE
P = -62.44
Q = -4.34
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.16
P = 62.42
Q = 4.74
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.16
P = 2.69
Q = 1.81
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.12
P = 10.28
Q = -0.05
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.05
P = -9.52
Q = -8.04
P = -41.31
Q = -35.94
cosphi = -0.75
I = 0.25
P = 1.60
Q = 1.38
P = 1.75
Q = 1.12
cosphi = 0.84
I = 0.08
WOLKITE 66
U/Un = 95.51
phi =33-17.57
WOLKITE
U/Un = 95.35
phi = -17.75
P = 69.07
Q = 8.28
cosphi = 0.99
I = 0.18
P = 5.42
Q = 3.81
cosphi = 0.82
0 82
I = 0.03
P = -44.05
Q = - 37.22
cosphi = -0.76
I = 0.26
P = -10.86
Q = -7.30
P = 2.71
Q = 1.82
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.13
P = 1.76
Q = 1.19
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.09
FITCHE 15
U/Un = 93.55
= -35.80
GILGEL GIBE I 230

U/Un = 98.07
phi = -13.77
P = 31.80
Q = 41.91
P = 31.80
Q = -41.91
P = 63.41
Q = 92.26
P = 6.45
Q = -13.01
13 01
P = -6.44
Q = 1.56
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.03
P = 1.71
Q = 0.94
P = -1.77
Q = -1.27
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
P = 1.75
Q = 1.23
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.09
P = -3.35phi
Q = -2.25
P = 59.79
Q = -33.94
cosphi = 0.87
I = 0.18
P = - 5.43
Q = -2.31
cosphi = -0.92
I = 0.03
P = 63.59
Q = -83.60
N1853
U/Un = 99.82
P = -1.76
Q = -1.37
cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.02
P = -3.37
Q = -2.52
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.04
P = 1.74
Q = 1.17
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.04
P = -1.74
Q = -1.17
P = -25.84
Q = -21.34
cosphi = -0.77
I = 0.15
METEHARA 132
U/Un = 95.68
phi = -24.31
P = 5.03
Q = 3.38
cosphi = 0.83
P = 64.92
Q = 139.42
cosphi = 0.42
I = 0.41
P = -2.59
Q = -1.45
cosphi = - 0.87
I = 0.03
P = 2.59
Q = 1.45
P = 6.45
I = 0.24
P = -5.05
Q = -13.01
P = 6.45 Q = -3.68
cosphi = -0. 81
Q = 13.01I = 0.03
P = -65.05
Q = -139. 70
cosphi = -0.42
I = 0.41
P = 4.14
P = -4.17
Q = 2.78
Q = -2.95
cosphi
p = -0.82cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.20
I = 0.02
KALITI II 15A
U/Un = 95.16
phi = -29.37
P = -9.69
Q = -8.09
P = -3.50 P = 3.48
Q = -2.60 Q = 2.47
cosphi = 0.82
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.17
I = 0.23
P = 3.50
Q = 2.60
P = -2.73
Q = -1.89
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
MEKANISSA 15
U/Un = 96.67
phi = -24.32
P = 18.01
Q = 0.16
P = -10.43
Q = 5.12
cosphi = -0.90
I = 0.05
P = -12.46
Q = 9.48
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.07
P = 2.71
Q = 1.82
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.13
P = -1.16
Q = -0.78
P = -5.38
Q = -3.62
P = 76.12
P = -19.07
Q = -47.40
Q = 15.58
P = 30.49
Q = 2.10
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.14
P = -2.73
Q = -1.89
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
FITCHE 66
U/Un = 87.33
phi = -33.26
P = -1.75
Q = -1.24
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
FITCHE 33
U/Un = 95.37
phi = -34.50
P = 15.86
Q = -2.80
P = 76.12
Q = 47.40
P = 31.80
Q = 42.10
P = 31.80
Q = -42.10
P = 8.33
Q = 5.91
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.05
P = 43.99
Q = 37.15
cosphi = 0.76
I = 0.27
P = -8.29
Q = -5.57
P = -4.17
P = 4.14
Q = -2.95
Q = 2.78
cosphi = -0.82cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.02
I = 0.20
P = 25.75
Q = 21.41
cosphi = 0.77
I = 0.15
P = 15.65
Q = - 5.22
cosphi = 0.95
I = 0.08
MEKANISSA 132
U/Un = 95.05
phi = -23.68
P = -62.42
Q = -4.74
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.16
P = 19.07
Q = 15.58
P = 76.12
Q = 47.40
P = -4.94
Q = -1.09
cosphi = -0.98
I = 0.04
KALITI NORTH 15
P = 65.05
Q = 139.70
U/Un FICTITIOUS_SEB_KAL
= 97.72
cosphi = 0.42
phi = U/Un
-25.32= 93.65
I = 0.41
phi = -20.37
P = -8.33
Q = -5.89
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.05
ASEBE TEFERI 66
U/Un = 93.67
phi = -27.15
P = -0.00
P = -0.00Q = -0. 00
Q = -0.00
cosphi = 0.00
cosphi =I 0.00
= 0.00
I = 0.00
P = 0.03
Q = 0.08
AWASH 7 KILO 66
U/Un = 97.63
phi = -27.87
P = -5.03
Q = -3.38
NAZRETH II 132
U/Un = 95.40
phi = -22.77
P = 6.45
Q = 13.01
P = -18.66
P = 18.53
Q = -15.19
Q = 12.45
I = 0.90
I = 0.11
KALITI NORTH 132

U/Un = 94.97
phi = -24.17
P = -35.66
Q = - 31.26
cosphi = -0.75
I = 0.22
P = 0.00
Q = 0.00
KALITI I 15
KALITI I DIESEL 11
U/Un = 96.76
U/Un = 98.09
phi = -28.76
phi = -27.78
WOLISSO 66
U/Un = 93.08
phi = -17.81
Q = 3.76
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.06
P = 82.91
Q = 19.86
cosphi = 0. 97
I = 0.22
P = -1.13
Q = -0.76
GEFARSA 66
U/Un = 97.64
phi = -32.62
P = -1.60
P = -1.60
Q = -1.17
Q = -1.17
cosphi = -0.81cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
I = 0.03
P = 1.59
P = 1.59
Q = 1.07
Q = 1. 07
cosphi = 0.83 cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.08
I = 0.08
P = 5.12
P = 0. 00
Q = -0.00
cosphi = 0. 00
I = 0.00
AKISTA33
U/Un = 91.79
phi = -33.41
P = -0.02
Q = -0.05
cosphi = -0.38
I = 0.00
AKISTA66
U/Un = 91.79
phi = -33.41
P = 2.54
Q = 1.88
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.03
METEHARA 15
U/Un = 96.46
phi = -25.92
P = -36.82
Q = -24.74
P = -18.41
P = 18.28
Q = -14.99
Q = 12.29
I = 0.11
I = 0.89
P = 37.07
Q = 30.18
P = 40.67 cosphi = 0.78
Q = 35.19 I = 0.23
cosphi = 0.76
I = 0.25
P = 13.20
Q = 11.99
P = 12.42
Q = -8.91
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.07
P = -55.55
Q = -47.54
cosphi = -0.76
I = 0.34
KALITI I 132 BB1

U/Un = 95.20
phi = -24.10
P = 35.39
Q = 2.36
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.16
P = 5.69
Q = 3.25
cosphi = 0.87
I = 0.06
P = -5.69
Q = -3.25
cosphi = - 0.87
I = 0.06
GUDER 132
U/Un = 98.67
phi = -19.57
P = 2.47
Q = 0.55
cosphi = 0.98
I = 0.02
cosphi = -0.58
I ==0.03
P
-37.21
Q = -30.30
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.23
P = -13.20
Q = -11.99
KALITI II 132
U/Un = 94.60
phi = -24.28
P = -6.59
Q = -4.70
GHEDO 132
U/Un = 99.14
phi = -19.37
Q = -1.72
SOR 66
U/Un = 101.90
phi = -3.27
GEFARSA 45
U/Un = 98.87
phi = -28.21
P = -5.77
Q = -3.94
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.09
DEREBEREHAN33
U/Un = 87.81
AMIBARA 66
U/Un = 95.56
phi = -28.00
P = -12.82
Q = -9.77
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.24
P = 13.10
Q = 9.97
P = 0.02
Q = 0.05
cosphi = 0.38
I = 0.00
AKISTA 132
U/Un = 80.32
phi = -33.41
33 41
P = -0.00
Q = 0.00
cosphi = 0.00
I = 0. 00
DEBRE BIRHAN 15
U/Un = 95.69
P = -3.31
phi = -30.85
Q = -2.23
DEREBEREHAN15B
U/Un = 87.81
P = 12.76
Q = 8.57
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.63
P = -13.10
Q = - 9.97
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.24
P = -12.55
Q = -9.42
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.07
P = 9.11
Q = 6.22
P = -3.34
Q = -2.28
cosphi = - 0.83
I = 0.05
P = 0.00
Q = 0. 00
cosphi = 0.00
I = 0.00
P = -3.34
Q = -2.48
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.02
WEREGENU 15
U/Un = 95.22
phi = -30.12
COMBOLCHA 132
U/Un = 80.03
phi = -33.32
P = -1.55
Q = -1.04
P = 3.31
Q = 2.23
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.16
WEREGENU 132
U/Un = 92.15
P = -3.47
Q = -4.89 phi = -25.00
P = 12.50
Q = 8.40
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.60
G
P = -0.00
Q = -0.00
P = 7.96
Q = 5.35
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.39
P = 21.19
Q = 7.99
cosphi = 0.94
I = 0.11
Q = -5.65
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.11
P = 3.46
Q = 4.99
cosphi = 0.57
I = 0.03
P = -7.41
Q = -4.98
P = -0.02
Q = 2.41
cosphi = -0.01
I = 0.01
P = 15.39
Q = 8.39
cosphi = 0.88
I = 0.10
P = 1.55
Q = 1.04
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.07
P = -17.85
Q = -5.51
cosphi = -0.96
I = 0.09
DEBRE BIRHAN 132

U/Un = 87.81
phi = -28.31
P = 14.14
Q = 9.50
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.68
P = -21.94
P = 12.82
Q = 9.77
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.24
KALITI II 45
U/Un = 89.52
phi = -28.88
KALITI II 15B
U/Un = 96.58
phi = -27.12
P = -12.50
Q = -8.40
SEBETA 66
U/Un = 101.87
phi = -30.75
p
P = 2.07
Q = 1.39
P = -2.07
Q = -1.39
P = -2.59
Q = -1.96
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.03
P = -14.35
Q = -12.98
cosphi = -0.74
I = 0.09
P = -27.31
Q = -23.01
cosphi = -0.76
I = 0.17
P = - 4.81
Q = -0.39
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.02
P = -18.01
Q = 0.16
GHEDO 15
U/Un = 97.59
phi = -15.38
COTOBIE 45
U/Un = 88.43
phi = -31.25
ADDIS CENTER 15
U/Un = 94.03
NEFAS SILK 45
phi = -31.06
U/Un = 87.64
P = 27.07
Q = 18.20
phi = -28.88
cosphi = 0.83
P = 54.62
Q = 46.01
cosphi = 0.76
I = 0.34
P = 2.73
Q = 1.84
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.13
P = 7.66
Q = 5.39
P = -7.66
Q = -5.39
P = -7.70
Q = -5.41
SHOA ROBIT 15
U/Un = 96.55
phi = -31.13
P = -16.00
Q = -5.71
cosphi = -0.94
I = 0.09
P = 17.56
Q = 6.82
cosphi = 0.93
I = 0.10
P = -14.14
Q = -9.50
P = -9.89
Q = -9.56
P = 9.89
Q = 9.56
P = -30.58
Q = - 1.97
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.14
With Breaker
P = 4.86
Q = 1.32
cosphi = 0.97
I = 0.04
GEDJA 15
U/Un = 94.15
phi = -32.23
P = -83.22
Q = -17.26
cosphi = -0. 98
I = 0.22
P = 82.24
Q = 14.20
cosphi = 0.99
I = 0.21
P = - 2.28
Q = 0.64
cosphi = -0.96
I = 0.02
METU 66
U/Un = 100.23
phi = -3.72
SHOA ROBIT 132

U/Un = 85.51
phi = -29.94
P = 1.30
Q = 0.87
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.07
COTOBIE 132
COTOBIE 15B
U/Un = 92.67
U/Un = 96.83
phi = -24.82
phi = -33.01
Q = -0.00
P = 9.87
Q = 7.58
I = 1.34
ADDIS CENTER 132

U/Un = 92.50
phi = -24.90
P = -2.74
Q = -1.96
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.04
P = 2.73
Q = 1.84
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.13
DESSIE 15
U/Un = 95.47
P = -5.47
phi = -37.34
Q = -3.67
COMBOLCHA
15
U/Un = 92.44
phi = -35.21
P = 3.70
Q = 2.49
KOKA 15
U/Un = 88.60
phi = -31.95
GHEDO 230
U/Un = 98.45
phi = -15.09
P = 3.71
Q = 2.49
P = - 17.07
Q = 0.48
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.08
FICTITIOUS_GHE_GEF
U/Un = 97.58
phi = -16.37
P = -1.09
Q = -0.12
cosphi = - 0.99
I = 0.01
P = 2.19
Q = 0.94
cosphi = 0.92
I = 0.02
P = -0.00
Q = -0.01
cosphi = -0. 18
I = 0.00
GEFARSA 15B
P = -5.53
U/Un
= 104.05
Q = -3.71
phi = -29.31
P = 5.53
Q = 3.71
P = -8.03
Q = -6.53
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.05
ADDIS ALEM 15
U/Un = 94.00
phi = -28.86
P = -82.91
Q = -19.86
cosphi = -0.97
I = 0.22
P = 1.09
Q = 0.73
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.05
P = -54.16
Q = -36.39
P = 27.08
Q = 18.19
cosphi = 0.83
I = 1.34
P = -2.75
Q = -1.96
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.04
P = -7.87
Q = -4.88
cosphi = -0.85
I = 0.09
P = 3.92
Q = 2.43
P = 3.95
Q = 2.45
P = 7.70
Q = 5.41
P = -1.31
Q = -0.92
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
P = -1.56
Q = -1.11
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.01
COTOBIE 15A
ADDIS EAST I 45U/Un = 87.71
31 54
U/Un = 85
85.59
59 phi = -31.54
P = -9.87
phi = -31.23
Q = -7.58
P = 0.00
COMBOLCHA 66
U/Un = 85.92
phi = -35.96
P = -1.05
P = 1.04
Q = -0.77
Q = 0.70
I = 0.01
I = 0.06
P = 1.31
Q = 0.92
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.02
ENDASELASIE 66
U/Un = 78.79
phi = -30.51
ENDASELASIE 15
U/Un = 86.47
phi = -31.51
NEFAS SILK 15
U/Un = 93.24
phi = -32.03
P = -27.31
Q = -23.00
cosphi = -0.76
I = 0.17
P = -4.75
Q = -3.19
P = 4.75
Q = 3.19
P = 17.01
Q = 13.70
cosphi = 0.78
I = 0. 11
ADDIS ALEM 45
U/Un = 94.74
phi = -28.29
P = -61.28
61 28
Q = -69.24
P = -1.09
Q = -0.73
GAMBELA 66
U/Un = 95.99
phi = -5.42
P = 9.26
Q = 6.22
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.46
P = -15.73
Q = 6.06
cosphi = - 0.93
I = 0.08
GEFARSA 15A
U/Un = 96.44
phi = -25.82
P = 14.73
Q = 12.23
P = 7.96
Q = 5.35
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.39
P = 1.07
Q = 0.80
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.01
P = -1.10
Q = -0.82
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.01
P = 12.57
Q = 8.45
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.65
P = 3.20
Q = 2.33
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.05
P = -61.28
61 28
Q = -69.24
P = -23.70
Q = -26.68
P = 23.70
Q = 26.68
P = 1.13
Q = 0.76
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
P = -14.73
Q = -12.23
P = 4.77
Q = 3.53
P = 61.28
Q = 69.24
P = 61.28
Q = 69.24
P = -9.35
Q = -7.19
cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.17
ADWA 66
U/Un = 79.99
phi = -30.03
P = -1.32
Q = -0.42
cosphi = -0.95
I = 0.02
ADIGRAT 66
U/Un = 82.21
phi = -28.13
P = 1.28
Q = 0.86
P = -2.56
Q = -1.72
P = 16.98
Q = 0.36
cosphi = 1.00
I = 0.08
GAMBELA 15
U/Un = 92.52
phi = -7.85
P = -17. 02
Q = -13.68
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.11
MUGER 15
U/Un = 95.63P = -15.91
phi = -29.93Q = -10.69
P = -1.07
1.07
Q = -0.80
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.01
DEMBI DOLO 66
U/Un = 94.82
phi = -5.62
P = -4.77
Q = -3.53
P = -17.48
Q = - 11.54
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.10
P = -29.63
Q = -18.02
cosphi = -0.85
DerbaTap
U/Un
= 90.95
P=
-8.03
P = 0.95
Q = 0.65
P = -1.07
Q = -0.72
P = 1.07
Q = 0.72
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.05
ADIGRAT 15
U/Un = 81.78
phi = -28.53
P = 2.16
Q = 1.45
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.11
P = 39.99
Q = 24.07
SEBETA I 132
P = -35.40U/Un = 95.36
Q = -2.36
cosphi = -1.00
phi = -23.31
I = 0.16
P = 7.70
Q = 4.84
cosphi = 0.85
I = 0.09
P = -2.20
Q = -0.93
cosphi = - 0.92
I = 0.02
P = 2.11
Q = 1.54
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.03
P = 35.14
Q = 30.84
cosphi = 0.75
I = 0.22
P = -0.00
Q = 0.00
cosphi = 0.00
I = 0.00
P = 12.84
Q = 14.00
cosphi = 0.68
I = 0.28
P = -12.73
Q = -10.36
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.24
P = 4.81
Q = 0.83
cosphi = 0.99
I = 0.02
0.09
P I==17.02
Q = 13.68
cosphi = 0.78
I = 0.11
P = -0.95
Q = -0.65
DEMBI DOLO 15
U/Un = 91.39
phi = -8.05
P = 0.00
Q = -0.00
P
P=
= 1.28
1.29
Q
Q=
= 0.86
0.91
P = -2.17
Q = -1.53
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = 9.55
Q = 7.37
cosphi = 0.79
I = 0.18
DESSIE 66
U/Un = 83.82
phi = -36.14
WOLDIA 66
U/Un = 79.73
phi = -36.58
P = -1.06
P = 1.05
Q = -0.78
Q = 0.71
I = 0.01
I = 0.06
P = -2.09
Q = -1.41
I = 0.02
P = -61.11
Q = -107.47
P = -61.11
Q = -107.47
P = -39.99
Q = -24.07
ADDIS WEST 15A

ADDIS WEST 15B
U/Un = 90.10
U/Un = 92.39
P = 1.14
P = -12.57P = -9.26 phi = -33.74
phi = -35.36
Q = 0.83
Q = -8.45Q = -6.22
cosphi = 0.81
GEDJA 45
I = 0.02
U/Un = 91.48
P = -1.14
phi = -30.80
Q = -0.83
cosphi = -0.81
P = -28.48
Q = -7.35
cosphi = - 0.97
I = 0.14
P = -20.86
Q = -17.17
cosphi = -0.77
I = 0.13
P = -20.87
Q = -17.15
cosphi = -0.77
I = 0.13
ADDIS NORTH 132

U/Un = 93.12
phi = -24.32
FINCH G4
U/Un = 104.00
phi = -5.72
P = -28.00
Q = -20.58
cosphi = -0.81
I = 1.40
FINCH G2
U/Un = 99.00
phi = -7.37
P = 6.61
Q = 4.50
P = -1.26
Q = -0.88
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = -82.85
Q = - 8.49
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.21
P = 32.82
Q = 10.13
cosphi = 0.96
I = 0.09
P = 20.70
Q = 13.92
cosphi = 0.83
I = 1.00
P = 9.24
Q = 3.54
cosphi = 0.93
I = 0.14
P = 0.65
Q = 0.20
P = -12.76
Q = -8.57
P = -1.15
Q = -0.73
SEBETA
45A
cosphi = -0.84
0.02
U/Un =I =92.61
phi = -30.75
ADDIS WEST 45
U/Un = 87.71
phi = -30.20
P = -41.41
Q = -27.83
P = 20.71
Q = 13.91
cosphi = 0.83
I = 1.00
P = 1.25
Q = 0.84
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.06
P = - 2.31
Q = -1.60
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.02
P = 5.30
Q = 3.74
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.06
P = -13.69
Q = -14.62
cosphi = - 0.68
I = 0.28
P = -9.45
Q = -3.68
cosphi = -0.93
I = 0.14
P = -35.59
Q = -32.01
32 01
cosphi = -0. 74
I = 0.12
FINCHAA 230
U/Un = 99.79
phi = -12.53
FINCHA SUGAR II 15
U/Un = 94.60
phi = -16.68
P = 9.45
Q = 3.68
P = -4.83
4.83
Q = -3.72
cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.09
P = -4.72
Q = -3.64
cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.09
P = 4.68
Q = 3.15
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.24
SEBETAcosphi
15II= 0. 83
P = 8.66
I = 0.55
Q = 4.67
U/Un = 93.16
phi = -25.12
P = -8.66
P = -11.07 SEBETA 15III
Q = -4.67
Q = -7.44
88
14.85
U/Un = 96.59 cosphiQP=== -0.
15.36
phi = -32.67
P = 0.00
Q = 0.00
SEBETA 45B
U/Un = 89.98
phi = -29.78
ADDIS NORTH 15
U/Un = 95.67
phi = -29.82
p
98
P = -1.29
Q = -0.91
P = 7.58
Q = -7.64
cosphi = 0.70
I = 0.05
P = -40.00
Q = -24.05
P = -11.10
Q = -8.06
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.06
P = 11.07
Q = 7.44
P = 9.52
Q = 5.04
P = 35. 52
Q = 35.04
cosphi = 0.71
I = 0.13
P = 2.31
Q = 1.71
cosphi = 0.80
I = 0.03
P = 0.67
Q = 0.22
P = 2.58
Q = 1.81
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.02
cosphi = -0.79
I = 0.18
ADDIS EAST II 132

U/Un = 92.61
phi = -24.73
P = -7.58
P = 40.00
Q = 24.05
P = 4.79
Q = 3.22
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.25
P = -9.47
Q = -6.37
Q == 7.58
7.84
P
cosphi
= -0.70
Q
= -7.79
I = 0.05 = 0.70
cosphi
I = 0.05
P = -7.58
Q = 7.79
cosphi = - 0.70
I = 0.05
P = 3.61
Q = 2.00
P = 0.84
Q = 0.59
P = -35.52
Q = -35.04
cosphi = -0.71
I = 0.13
ADDIS EAST I 15
U/Un = 90
90.36
36
phi = -34.75
ADDIS EAST II 15
U/Un = 96.92
phi = -27.15
P = -10.40
Q = -7.67
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.06
P = 28.38
Q = 7.49
cosphi = 0.97
I = 0.14
P = 61.77
Q = 18.38
cosphi = 0.96
I = 0.17
WOLDIA 15
U/Un = 82.63
phi = -38.48
P = -4.95
Q = -3.33
P = 2.50
Q = 1.68
P = -1.30
Q = -0.87
P = 10.36
Q = 6.95
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.50
P = -9.52
Q = -5.04
P = -1.84
Q = -0.65
cosphi = -0.94
I = 0.02
P = -3.56
Q = -1.78
cosphi = -0.89
I = 0.04
SEBETA 230 BB1

U/Un = 94.98
phi = -20.16
P = 2.46
Q = 1.65
P = 3.16
Q = 2.09
P = 0.74
Q = 0.50
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.03
P = 10.35
Q = 6.96
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.50
P = -65.44
Q = -140.51
cosphi = -0.42
I = 0.41
ADWA 15
U/Un = 79.12
phi = -30.87
P = -3.16
Q = -2.09
P = 3.15
Q = 2.08
P = 0.00
Q = -0.00
P = -2.16
Q = -1.45
P = -0.05
Q = -11.77
FINCHA SUGAR II 66
U/Un = 98.49
phi = -14.11
P = -2.31
Q = -1.71
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.03
P = -0.74
Q = -0.52
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = 3.59
Q = 2.00
P = -1.72
Q = -1.16
DEBRE MARKOS 66
U/Un = 95.21
phi = -15.98
P = 0.74
Q = 0.52
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.01
P = -0.75
Q = 0.71
cosphi = -0.73
I = 0.01
P = -0.05
Q = -13.98
P = -3.59
Q = -2.00
P = 0.62
Q = 0.42
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.03
P = -3.15
Q = -2.08
P = 6.31
Q = 4.18
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.04
P = -1.29
Q = -0.91
P = 1.29
Q = 0.91
I = 0.01
WUKRO 15
U/Un = 91.93
phi = -27.69
P = -0.62
Q = -0.42
P = -0.63
Q = -0.43
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = -2.59
Q = 0.01
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.01
P = -2.17
Q
= 2.17
- 1.49
P=
cosphi
Q
= 1.53= -0.82
I = 0.01 = 0.82
cosphi
ADIGRAT 132
U/Un = 82.99
phi = -27.39
P = -0.74
Q = -0.50
P = -28.03
Q = -25.54
cosphi = -0.74
I = 0.10
= 35.29
DEBRE MARKOS QP15
= 43.51
cosphi = 0.63
U/Un = 94.89
I = 0.15
phi = -16.29
P = 0.88
Q = 0.56
WUKRO 132
U/Un = 83.32
phi = -27.14
P = -0.02
Q = -3.34
P = 0.63
LALIBELA 66 LALIBELA 15
Q = 0.43
cosphi = 0.82
U/Un = 98.85 U/Un = 98.24
I = 0.01
phi = -25.21 phi = -25.66
ALAMATA 15C
U/Un = 97.32
phi = -23.12
P = 28.37
Q = 7.51
cosphi = 0.97
PI == -28.38
0.14
Q = -7.49
cosphi = - 0.97
I = 0.14
DEBRE MARKOS 230

U/Un = 96.54
phi = -13.85
Q = -6.24
SEKOTA 15
U/Un = 98.55
phi = -25.39
P = 4.76
Q = 1.48
cosphi = 0.95
I = 0.03
P = -4.77
Q = -0.49
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.03
P = 4.66
Q = 4.79
P = -9.29
SEKOTA 66
U/Un = 99.06
phi = -25.01
P = -10.39
Q = -7.68
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.06
P = 1.81
Q = 1.31
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.02
P = 3.37
Q = 2.44
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.04
P = -3.35
Q = -2.25
P = 1.34
Q = 0.94
cosphi = 0.82
I = 0.01
P = -1.35
Q = -0.39
cosphi = -0.96
P = -1.81
Q = -1.31
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
P = 1.68
Q = 1.13
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.08
P = 1.68
Q = 1.13
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.08
Q = -0.94
cosphi = -0.82
I = 0.01
P = 2.73
Q = -0.82
Q = -0.80
P = 1.79
Q = 1.21
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.09
Q = -1.22
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
P = -0.00
Q = 2.85
MOTA 230 BB1

P == -1.21
1.19
P
Q == -0.86
0.80
Q
U/Un
= 93.20
cosphi == -0.81
0.83
cosphi
0.03
II == 0.00
phi = -15.13
MOTA 33
U/U = 96
U/Un
96.45
45
P = -1.19 phi = -15.43
P = 27.78
Q = 38.66
cosphi = 0.58
I = 0.13
P = -1.79
Q = -1.21
BITCHENA 66
U/Un = 93.01
FINOTE SELAM 66 phi = -16.23
U/Un = 89.82
phi = P-16.42
= -1.69
P = 0.00
Q = 0.00
cosphi = 0.00
I = 0.00
TIAB1 G2
U/Un = 105.00
phi = -21.86
BITCHENA 15
U/Un = 96.83
phi = -17.55
P = 4.01
Q = 0.15
P = -0.63
Q = 0.50
cosphi = -0.78
I = 0.01
P = 43.64
Q = 16.69
cosphi = 0.93
I = 0.13
P = -26.57
Q = - 37.80
cosphi = -0.58
I = 0.12
P = -4.01
Q = -0.15
With Breaker
P = 2.96
Q = -1.59
cosphi = 0.88
I = 0. 04
P = 1.84
P = 2.00
Q = 0.08
ALAMATA 15A
I = 0.01
P = 1.26
Q = 0.84
U/Un = 99.21
ALAMATA 15B
phi = -25.03
U/Un = 97.32
P = -1.26
phi = -23.12Q = -0.84
MAYCHEW 15
P = 4.66
Q = 4.79
U/Un = 97.46
P = 1.33
Q = 0.90
cosphi = 0.83 phi = -25.72 MEKELE 15
I = 0.06
P = -1.33
U/Un = 81.70
Q = -0.90
phi = -28.02
ADWA 132
U/Un = 81.82
phi = -28.13
P = 6.99
Q = 4.70
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.85
P = -7.02
Q = -5.10
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.05
P = -6.39
Q = -0.61
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.03
P = 17.37
P = 12.63
Q = 15.75
Q = 9.78
P = -13.98
Q = -9.40
P = 6.99
Q = 4.70
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.85
P = -7.02
Q = -5.10
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.05
P = -0.04
Q = -11.12
MAYCHEW 66
U/Un = 98.59
phi = -24.89P = -1.34
ALAMATA 66
U/Un = 99.53
phi = -24.72
P = 2.02
Q = 0.15
P = 0.00
Q = -0.00
P = 0.00
Q = -0.00
P = -45.17
Q = 30.57
cosphi = -0.83
I = 0.15
P = -2.40
= 5.11
QQ
= -1.76
cosphi
= -0.81
cosphi
= 0.34
I =I =
0.04
0.07
P = 2.38
Q = 1.60
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.11
0 11
P = 2.02
Q = 0.15
P = -2.02
Q = -0.15
With Breaker
P = -7.55
Q = -3.70
P = 7.55
Q = 3.70
P = 3.04
Q = -0.85
BAHIR DAR I 45
U/Un = 96.94
phi = -21.13
P = -2.40
Q = -1.76
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.04
P = 2.00
Q = 0.08
BAHIR DAR II 132

U/Un = 97.45
phi = -13.30
P
= -2.97
cosphi
= 0.96
I = =0.03
Q
1.53
cosphi = -0.89
I = 0.03
ALAMATA 132
U/Un = 97.33
phi = -23.12
P = 14.04
Q = 10.19
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.09
With Breaker
P = -0.07
Q = -0.68
cosphi = - 0.11
I = 0.01
P = -2.11
P = -17.37
Q = -15.75
P = -2.02
Q = -0.15
P = 25.70
Q = - 25.17
cosphi = 0.71
I = 0.16
P = 25.70
Q = - 25.17
cosphi = 0.71
I = 0.16
P = -25.73
Q = 25.21
P = -25.67
Q = 25.13
P = 24.37
Q = 28.55
P = 24.37
Q = -28.55
P = -14.06
Q = -10.08
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.09
P = -0.03
Q = - 8.39
With Breaker
P = 24.39
Q = -28.58
P = -7.55
Q = -3.70
P = 7.55
Q = 3.70
P = 12.63
Q = 9.78
P = 17.37
Q = 15.75
Q = 9.80
P = 39.00
cosphi = -0.21
Q = 23.01
cosphi = 0.86I = 0.03
I = 0.13
P = 1.21
Q = 0.77
P = 24.39
Q = 28.58
P = -14.75
Q = 0.10
cosphi = - 1.00
I = 0.04
P = 2.86
Q = 1.92
P = -17.37
Q = -15.75
P = -39.55
Q = -4.62
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.11
MESSOBO 6
U/Un = 95.56
phi = -28.89
MEKELE 132
U/Un = 83.61
phi = -26.86
P = -2.31
Q = -4.38
cosphi = -0.47
I = 0.02
P = -5.72
Q = -3.84
P = 2.86
Q = 1.92
P = 4.58
Q = 1.01
P = -3.05
Q = 0.90
cosphi = -0.96
I = 0.03
BAHIR DAR I 66
U/Un = 96.43
phi = -20.41
P = -2.38
Q = -1.60
P = 1.17
Q = 0.83
P = -2. 11
Q = 9.80
cosphi = -0.21
I = 0.03
P = 2.28
Q = 4.11
cosphi = 0.49
I = 0.19
BAHIR DAR II 66
U/Un = 96.56
phi = -20.30
P = -6.11
Q = -2.91
cosphi = -0.90
I = 0.06
P = -2.71
Q = -1.82
P = -26.13
Q = 25.48
cosphi = -0.72
I = 0.17
MESSOBO 132
U/Un = 83
83.36
36
phi = -26.96
MEKELE 230
U/Un = 86.10
phi = -25.26
S
P = 2.11
Q = 1.52
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.01
P = -4.19
Q = -2.89
cosphi = -0.82
P = 2. 11
Q = 1.52
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.01
With Breaker
P = -3.92
Q = -2.63
P = -26.13
Q = 25.48
cosphi = -0.72
I = 0.17
P = 4. 19
P = -4.22
P = 0.00
0 00
Q = 2.89
2 89
Q = -3.03
Q = 0.00
cosphi = 0.82
cosphi = -0. 81
cosphi = 0.00 I = 0.52
I = 0.02
I = 0.00
P = 33.82
Q = 13.55
cosphi = 0.93
I = 0.17
With Breaker
BAHIR DAR II 15A

U/Un = 95.53
phi = -20.89
WERETA 15
U/Un = 96.12
phi = -21.86
BAHIR DAR II 230 BB1

U/Un = 90.04
phi = -1
16.01
School of C
TIS ABAY II 132

U/Un = 96.43
phi = -11.72
BAHIR DAR II 15B
U/Un = 96.67
phi = -13.36
DANGLA 15
U/Un = 95.00
phi = -24.06
TEKEZE6.6KV
U/Un = 84.95
phi = -26.68
ALAMATA 230
U/Un = 88.57
phi = -23.01
P = 3.92
Q = 2.63
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.19
P = 2.71
Q = 1.82
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.13
TIAB2 G2
U/Un = 102.00
phi
hi = -5.39
5 39
P = -34.00
Q = -18.27
cosphi = -0.88
I = 2.08
P = 18.43
Q = -64.49
cosphi = 0.27
I = 0.30
P = 5.69
Q = 3.27
cosphi = 0.87
I = 0.06
cosphi = -0.80
I = 0.05
P = -33.99
Q = 62.20
cosphi = -0.48
I = 3.82
TEKEZE66KV
U/Un = 85.18
P = 34.00
Q = 18.27
G
TIAB2 G1 Wit h Breaker
U/Un = 102.00
phi
hi = 0.95
0 95
P = -0.05
Q = -11
11.80
80
P = 0.07
Q = 1.23
cosphi = 0.05
I = 0.01
Q = -2.00
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.03
P = 34.00
Q = -62.20
P = 1.68
Q = 1.22
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.02
P = -1.74
Q = -0.29
cosphi = -0.99
I = 0.02
DANGLA 66
U/Un = 89.12
P = -3.94
phi = -21.19
Q = -2.98
WERETA 66
U/Un = 95.89
phi = -20.07
P = -2.73
P = -14.60
Q = -8.49
cosphi = -0.86
I = 0.05
P = -1.68
Q = -1.22
cosphi = -0.81
I = 0.02
PAWE 66
U/Un = 85.63
phi = -21.79
P = 2.66
Q = 0.77
cosphi = 0.96
I = 0.03
GONDER II 230
U/Un = 88.70
phi = -16.71
P = 14.60
Q = 8.49
P = 14.65
cosphi = 0.86
Q = 20.29
I = 0.05
cosphi = 0.59
I = 0.07
TEKEZE 230
U/Un = 86.45
phi = -25.43
P = 9.04
Q = 6.08
P = -14.60
Q = -8.49
P = 1.67
Q = 1.12
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.08
P = -9.04
Q = -6.08
P = 14.60
Q = 8.49
P = -1.67
Q = -1.12
PAWE 15
U/Un = 93.42
phi = -23.09
With Breaker
P = -2.74
Q = 0.08
cosphi = -1.00
I = 0.02
With Breaker
P = 0.61
Q = 0.41
cosphi = 0.83
I = 0.03
GONDER I 15A
U/Un = 97.55
phi = -19.77
GONDER II 66
U/Un = 98.90
phi = -19.00
P = 1.90
Q = 1.38
cosphi = 0.81
I = 0.03
P = -1.90
Q = -1.38
P = -1.22
Q = -0.82
NEGELE BORENA 15
U/Un = 79.91
phi = -37.39
4/10/2010
P = 1.22
Q = 0.82
P = 1.90
Q = 1.38
P = 0.66
Q = 0.44
P = -0.66
Q = -0.44
NEGELE BORENA 33
U/Un = 80.50
phi = -36.89
70
Cairo
EG
YP
School of C
Aswan
Merowe
Gedaref
EN
M
YE
82 k
m
km
a
ab
m
90 k
Koka
SOMALILAND
km
185
D.Dawa
M.Wakena
GD 08
GD-08
Mogadishu
230 kV
Kisimayou
590
k
Y
EN
LEGEND
LI
LEGEND
Substation at 230 kV and above
230 kV Sub-marine Cable
400 kV
370 km
km
80
Mega
465 km
100
k
GD-06
km
GG-III
0k
50
22
GG-II
GD-03
SO
GG-I
220 kV
Hargessa
di
Ad
Finchaa
Djibouti
DJIBOUTI
201
km
Ab
i
ob
D
K.
Bord
er
Mandaya
km
Berbera
B.Dar
SU D
le
Tekeze
Beles
Roseries
26
Gonder
Shehedi
i
aw
ke
km
ra
37
me
AN
RE
Shire
Hu
7k
IT
Me
15
ER
80 km
Khartoum
17
120
k
Asmara
Nairobi
Substation with Generation Facility

(Switchyard at 230 kV and above)
Town
500 kV
HVDC Link
4/10/2010
AC/DC Station
(Converter/Inverter)
71
School of C
4/10/2010
72
School of C
4/10/2010
73
School of C
4/10/2010
74
School of C
4/10/2010
75
School of C
4/10/2010
76

2 Hydro Power L2

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Copyright ,TassT

Tad , 2009 2010

Bahir Dar University , Institute of Technology

School of Computing and Electrical Engineering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-turbine drives the rotor of hydro- electric generator.

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

High Head Hydro-Electric Power Plant.

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Low-head Run-of-River Scheme (Small Hydro).

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Turbine and Pump at Storage type hydropower plant

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

The economics of Small/Mini/Micro Hydro

Classification of small hydro power plants by their ratings and head.

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Medium Head 20 to 150 m

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Representation of parameters of water flow portion

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

The relative energy

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

H1 2 = 1 2 relative Potential energy of the flow of water called head which

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

The units of measurement is

P11-22 = 9.81 Q1-2

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

E1-2 = 9.81 Q H1-2 T

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Types of Hydro Turbines:

Principle of Impulse Turbine (Pelton wheel).

Copyright 2009/10,, TassTad

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Copyright 2009/10,, TassTad

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Copyright 2009/10,, TassTad

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Copyright 2009/10,, TassTad

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Copyright 2009/10,, TassTad

Bahir Dar Universiity, Faculty of Engineeering

Hydro-Electric Power Plants

Copyright 2009/10,, TassTad