Michelle Cera Outline 314-318 Ms.

Solomon Period 2 *renaissance means rebirth (of greco-roman civilization) *from the end of Roman empire to their present was the Middle Ages *Jacob Burckhardt book on Renaissance 1860 *Italy in the 14th century was independent city-states *age of recovery from Black Death and economic recession *emphasis on individuals *Leon Battista Alberti "Men can do all things if they will." *by 14th century merchants had commerce throughout Mediterranean and along atlantic seaboard *renaissance banquet-good food, music, conversation, status of the wealthily, to impress people. held to celebrate religious festivals, weddings, etc. *north german coastal towns formed military known as Hansa *1500 eighty cities belonged to the league (england and northern europe; denmark, norway, sweden) *100 years hansa had monopoly on northern european trade *fish, grains, metals, honey, wines *city of Bruges become economic crossroads *italians and venetians maintained a wealthy commercial empire *economic depression 14th century *15th century florentine woolen industry begun to recover *by that time italian cities had luxury industries: silk, glassware, metal, stone *new industries printing mining metallurgy rivaled textile industry *entrepreneurs developed large mining operations to produce copper, iron, silver *mineral deposits valuable in central europe, hungary, tyrol, bohemia, saxony *florence regained fame in banking in 15th century, due to medici family *medici expanded from cloth production to commerce, real estate, and banking, house of medici was greatest bank in europe *suffered sudden decline at the end of the century due to poor leadership and bad loans *1494 collapsed *society was in three estates: first estate: the clergy, who's preeminence was grounded in spiritual beliefs, seconds estate: nobility, they provided security and justice, third

estate: peasant and inhabitants of the cities *reconstruction of aristocracy by 1500 *nobles constituted 2-3% of the population dominated society, same as middle ages, serving in military and political posts *The book of the Courtier by italian Baldassare Castiglione published in 1528, fundamental handbook for european aristocrats *three basic attitudes: impeccable character, grace, talents, and noble birth *should participate in military and bodily exercise, classical education, involved in the arts, should be honest *peasants 85-90% of european population *serfdom declining end of 15th century, peasants becoming free *at the top of urban society were patricians with wealth from trade, industry, and baking *petty burghers below them, shops, artisans, goods and serves *below this was propertyless workers and unemployed (30-40% of the city) *urban poverty increased dramatically *slavery in early middle ages had declined but replaced by serfdom in ninth century *largely disappeared by 11th century *reconqusita, christians and muslims captured prisoners and slaves *1363 florence authorized unlimited importation of slaves *Fiammetta Adimari in 1469 wrote to husband wanting a slave to keep company for her child *florence, wealthily merchants had 2 or 3 slaves *1392 francesco dating fathered illegitimate child by his slave *slaves for italy obtained from easter mediterranean and black sea region including tartars, russians, albanians, dalmatians, africans, muslims from spain *many slaves freed end of 15h century for humanitarian reasons *15h century portuguese imported increasing numbers of african slaves for southern europe *1444-1505 140,000 slaves shipped from Africa *black numbers small in europe until slaves *family important in renaissance italy *strozzi, rucellai, medici meant great status and prestige *careful attention to marriage *money from wife's family to husband upon marriage, indication of whether bride was moving upward or downward in society