David Narita, MD

Lecture Workshop
Organizing a
Successful Lecture
David Narita, MD
Angkor Hospital for Children!
Faculty Development Course!
This is the rst presentation in a three part workshop on organizing and giving successful lectures.
Material is taken in part from:
Collins. Giving a PowerPoint Presentation: The Art of Communicating Effectively. RadioGraphics
24, 2004. pp11851192.
What People Want
A recent internet video had over
500 million viewers around the world.
What do you think it was about?
was it?
a. How to make a
million dollars
b. The ten most
beautiful women
c. A baby laughing
d. An airplane
accident
This video can be found on YouTube at www.youtube.com/watch?v=HE4FJL2IDEs
Objectives for today
Review what we already know about
giving presentations
Go over five guidelines for organizing
and giving good presentations
Discuss your assignment for next
week
A Successful Lecture
What are some key points
you have already learned
about giving lectures?
Whiteboard/brainstorming activity
Why lectures?
Multiple studies show adults do not
learn as much from lectures as we do
from other teaching methods
(discussions, case studies, chart
reviews, hands on, etc.)
At best, we remember about 20% of
what is presented
So why do we use lectures so often in medical education?
Why lectures?
Theyre easy to create
(or at least we believe them to be)
Theyre portable
We can keep them on file and use
them at short notice over and over
again
So they do have value if we can do them right but they can be excellent if we learn a
few guidelines.
Basic Rules of Good Presentations
Focus on your objectives
Rehearse
Make your slides clear, not distracting
Incorporate interaction in your
presentation
Be entertaining
Basic Rules of Good Presentations
Focus on your objectives
Rehearse
Make your slides clear, not distracting
Incorporate interaction in your
presentation
Be entertaining
Keep your goal in mind
When we want to make Amok (a Cambodian dish), we keep in mind what we
want the nished dish to look like. That's our goal. And then we think what do
we need to reach that goal - sh, spices, coconut milk, banana leaves, a
stove, a pot
If we don't have the nal goal in mind, we might end of with things we don't
need - potatoes, watermelon and a kilo of duck feet. It's not only a waste, but
it's confusing to the cook.
Focus on Objectives
Start with the last slide
People will generally remember no
more than 5 key points
Dont leave it up to the audience to
guess what the important points are
KISS Keep It Simple Stupid
In the same way, when you prepare a lecture, start with the last slide. This
summarizes what you want people to take away from your lecture. It's your goal.
Then you will know what you need to include in your lecture and what you can
exclude. A good educator makes knowledge accessible and easy to understand.
Choose your objectives carefully to match both your nal goal and your time well.
People generally will remember no more than 5 key points. Don't make your
objectives difcult to understand - they should be short and clear.
This will help your audience know what to listen for and how it all ts together.
Focus on Objectives
Sometimes lectures don't think through the content of their lectures carefully. And they tell
you everything they know about a topic. I call this a "knowledge-dump." It's incredibly boring
and a horrible way to learn. It's like trying to get a drink by dumping a bucket of water over
your head.
A good lecturer will package his material in a well-crafted presentation. It's like putting the
water in a bottle. Much more efcient (less water) and much more satisfying (you can drink
more of it).
A Lecture Outline
What do I want the audience to learn?
Diagnosis & Management of Community-
Acquired Pneumonia
5 key points
1. presentation
2. pathophysiology
3. diagnostic tests
4. treatment
5. follow-up
So here's how I'd practically go about preparing a lecture.
What do I want the audience to learn about CAP? That's my goal.
And what are my ve key points? These will become my objectives.
A Lecture Outline
Introduction/Review your objectives
Community-Acquired Pneumonia - presentation,
pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up
5 key points
1. presentation; 2. pathophysiology;
3. diagnosis; 4. treatment; 5. follow-up
Summary of key points
The take-home message
Hi, my name is David Narita and today we'll discuss CAP
Our objectives will be to understand the presentation, pathophys
Then the body of my lecture following those 5 points.
And in summary we review today that CAP presents like pathophys
is etc.
(Take questions after this slide)
Basic Rules of Good Presentations
Focus on your objectives
Rehearse
Make your slides clear, not distracting
Incorporate interaction in your
presentation
Be entertaining
Rehearse
Giving an effective lecture takes
practice
Practice the timing of the entire
lecture and of each slide
Review your material well so that you
dont need to read from notes
A one hour lecture prepared in one hour probably won't go so well. You don't have to rehearse
out loud, but in your mind, go through your slides and roughly time yourself.
If your lecture slot is for one hour, plan to speak for 75% of that time, 45 minutes, to allow time
for Q&A. It's always easier to stretch a presentation that to realize you have 10 minutes to
complete 50 more slides!
Each slide should be shown for at least 10 seconds and generally for 2-3 minutes.
You should always arrive a little early to the classroom to make sure your presentation runs
properly.
Don't read from your slides, but face the audience. And remember the rst ve minutes are
most important in getting people's attention so you want your introduction to go smoothly.
Stage Fright
Stage fright is a negative
term for excitement
Nothing helps a
presentation more than
communicating passion
and confidence
An American entertainer (Johnny Carson) said even after years of performing,
he'd still have stomach utters and feel his heart race when he went out on stage.
But you need to re-assign those feelings to something positive.
Just think when your stomach utters and heart races while sitting with a person
you care for, you call it something else, right? Love. And it's a positive thing
then.
No coach tells his team to "be calm" right? Same thing - use that energy to
communicate passion and condence in your presentation.
Basic Rules of Good Presentations
Focus on your objectives
Rehearse
Make your slides clear, not distracting
Incorporate interaction in your
presentation
Be entertaining
Many people spend most of their time making their slides but let me start by saying that a
good lecture doesn't come from good slides, but from a well-organized presenter who
connects with their audience. Even with great slides, a poor presenter will fail.
Visual Aids
Take time to orient the audience to a
picture
Use other aids, not just PowerPoint
KISS your slides also!
Generally you shouldn't have more then 8 lines of text.
Just as handouts should have ample "white space" a slide should also have free space.
Don't change the templates - colors/sizes/positions. They're usually appropriate.
Use other aids - white board, objects, skits, demonstrations, sound clips
So let's go through a couple slides and try to KISS them...
M..,.... P........
Risk factors include:
65 years of age or older
People in nursing homes or other chronic care facilities
Male
Children under the age of two
People with colds or other respiratory infections
People with reduced immunity
People with other lung diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis and lung cancer
People with AIDS or HIV
Organ transplant recipients
People who have had their spleen removed
People receiving chemotherapy
People who smoke
Alcoholics
People with chronic health problems, such as lung disease, heart disease, kidney
disorders, sickle cell anemia or diabetes
Title font too complicated, background distracting, too much text and font too
small - maybe list main categories and put this detail on the handout.
Remember try to show information that people will be able to remember.
For lists and references, put it on a handout (or people will be furiously writing
during your entire lecture!)
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children
Animations totally unhelpful. Background also distracting - how about white? Each
section can be one slide, or include this in the handout and just have four bullets with a
simplied list of organisms.
Need some orientation what I'm I looking for? (congenital hip dysplasia)
Comparisons are good - a normal hip would be very helpful.
With x-rays, a black background is always best.
Basic Rules of Good Presentations
Focus on your objectives
Rehearse
Make your slides clear, not distracting
Incorporate interaction in your
presentation
Be entertaining
Incorporate Interaction
Tell me and I forget.
Show me and I remember.
Involve me, and I understand.
Examples: Questions, brainstorming,
small group activity, demonstrations,
role-playing, problem-solving, testing
Research shows that those actively involved will learn more than those passively involved.
Since we know adult learners don't learn as much with lectures, add to your presentation
as much interaction and methods that adult-learners respond to. That will make a
presentation successful!
Basic Rules of Good Presentations
Focus on your objectives
Rehearse
Make your slides clear, not distracting
Incorporate interaction in your
presentation
Be entertaining
Be Entertaining
Motivate and gain your
audiences attention
The Story of Dr. Fox
20% content, 80%
delivery
Engage the audience
Remember rst 5 minutes? this is the greatest advantage of a lecture over other methods we
start out with peoples attention, just need to maintain it!
Dr. Fox professional actor delivering key address to complex mathematic theory to illustrate
teaching. He was enthusiastic but not always understandable. They loved it!
Developing a good relationship with the audience is essential posture, eye contact, body
movement. Dress appropriately. Speak like you're having a conversation normally.
Dont distract your audience
No tapping, swaying, playing with
keys
Opposite of that is
No tapping, swaying, playing with keys, biting ngernails, picking nose, folding arms, playing
with hair...
And watch the "wandering pointer" - making circles aimlessly on the screen with the pointer.
If you want to point at something, point - hold the pointer there for a couple seconds - and turn it
off.
Comments/Questions
In Summary
Focus on your objectives
Rehearse
Make your slides clear
Incorporate interaction
Be entertaining
Objective Set a goal, 5 key points, KISS
Rehearse and use stage fright to help you present
Clear slides dont distract from content
Interact involve the audience
Entertain
Thank you!
So now that you know it just do it!