Unit 1: ENERGY: Stop Monkey-N-ing Around and Go Green Already! P.S. I'm Mookie The Monkey

Unit 1: ENERGY
Stop Monkey-N-ing around and Go Green already! P.S. Im Mookie the Monkey
What is ENERGY? Energy is the ability to do

Work
2
Work occurs when a force causes an object to move in the same direction as the force.
3
FORMS OF ENERGY
Both basic states of energy, Kinetic and potential, can exist in many forms!
THERMAL (HEAT) The total Kinetic energy of the particles in matter. (molecular motion)
6
SOUND A type of mechanical energy. It is the energy produced when objects vibrate . Ex: tuning fork, bell
7
MECHANICAL
Energy with which moving objects perform work. Ex: Wind, flowing water, using a hammer
8
ELECTRICITY
A form of energy produced by the movement of electrons
9
CHEMICAL
Energy STORED in chemical bonds that can be released. Ex: food, fossil fuels, battery acid
10
STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY: Stored energy due to a change in the shape of an object. Ex: A stretched rubber ban d
11
STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY:
12
LIGHT
A form of radiant energy that moves in a wave . Ex: lamp, stars
13
SOLAR ENERGY
All forms of energy that come from the SUN .
14
NUCLEAR
nucleus
Energy STORED in the (center) of an atom.

Ex: nuclear bombs
15
Heat energy STORED within the Earth . Ex: Volcanic eruptions, geysers
GEOTHERMAL (HEAT)
16
All forms of energy can be classified as Kinetic or potential. The two basic states of energy. So, whats the difference?
17
Going from potential energy...
to kinetic energy
rgy
Kinetc energy
Maximum potential energy,

minimum kin(}tfc energy
Maximum kinetic energy, m:inmum pot<!ntial en<.'rgy
POTENTIAL ENERGY
1) Potential energy is stored energy due to and objects

Position
21
POTENTIAL ENERGY
An object that is lifted from its position on Earth has gravitational potential Energy which depends on height and mass
22
2)
POTENTIAL ENERGY
3) Massive objects have more potential energy than less massive objects
23
POTENTIAL ENERGY 4) An object at a higher elevation will have more potential energy than an object at a lower elevation
24
KINETIC ENERGY
1) Kinetic is energy of
Motion
25
KINETIC ENERGY
2) Kinetic depends on the MASS and the SPEED of an object.

26
KINETIC ENERGY 3) Faster objects have More kinetic energy than slower objects.
27
REVIEW QUESTONS:
WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST KINETIC ENERGY?
D C
WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST POTENTIAL ENERGY?

A
B D C
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
Do you remember the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS AND ENERGY?

30
Law of Conservation of ENERGY: (same for mass) Cant be made Mass/ NRG Mass/ NRG Cant be destroyed
Mass/ Energy can only Change form!!!
DURING ENERGY CHANGES, IF ONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY, THE OTHER IS Gaining ENERGY:
THE WAVE LOSES ENERGY: THE SAND GAINS ENERGY
DURING ENERGY CHANGES, IF ONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY THE OTHER IS GAINING ENERGY:
THE WAVE LOSES ENERGY: THE SAND GAINS ENERGY
DURING ENERGY CHANGES THE TOTAL ENERGY REMAINS THE SAME ENERGY ALWAYS FLOWS FROM
HIGH TO LOW (source to sink)
TOT E
ENERGY WILL FLOW FROM
ICE
THE FINGER TO THE ICE
THE LIQUID LOSES ENERGY AS THE ICE GAINS ENERGY
WHEN WILL THE EXCHANGE OF ENERGY STOP? WHEN EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED THE LIQUID AND THE ICE REACH THE SAME TEMPERATURE
UNUSABLE ENERGY:
Very often during the energy transformation process, some heat energy is produced due to friction. This is wasted energy and is lost to the environment.
39
Example: A television changes electrical NRG into light and sound NRG
40
r ,
Chern
Do Now: Focused Free Write

What is different about how each of the three popcorns? How were they made? Explain!
et o so _ner Trans er
Energy moves from regions of concentration to concentrations of energy.
high low
44
To
Source sink
There are 3 methods of Energy Transfer Radiation ConDuction ConVection
ConDuction
Direct contact
(touch) Molecule To Molecule
Explanation of Transfer
-Conduction is a form of heat transfer by direct contact of molecules

49
Best Medium for energy transfer
-Conduction occurs fastest in solids
50
metals are the best conductors of he heat energy.
51
Examples
Touching a hot surface Electricity
0' '' "
'
C:
'
'
.,.
on
ec 1on
Energy transfer Due to Density differences
-Convection is a form of heat transfer that occurs by up and down motions of a fluid due to differences in density
56
-occurs ONLY in which are liquids and gases!
fluids
57
Examples
Hot air or water rising Volcanoes Lava lamp
Inferred Properties of Earth's Interior
... convection
,
3.3-5.5
: \. .:
"
------
9.9-12.1
Qio
..tf-"
Cl.)
((;
------
Radiatio
Electromagnetic (EM) waves that move Through a vacuum (empty space)
-radiation is the transfer of heat in waves .
62
-Electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light

63
No medium needed
Examples
Gamma X-rays UV Visible Infrared Microwave radio
HEAT NOTES
1. HEAT: the energy of moving particles

66
HEAT NOTES
2. HOT OBJECTS contain more heat than than cold ones

67
HEAT NOTES
3. All objects above Absolute zero contain heat

68
HEAT NOTES
4. Heat always flows from hotter objects to cooler objects until the objects reach same temperature.
69
HEAT NOTES
5. The greater the difference in temperature between the two objects, the faster heat is transferred.
70
HOW IS HEAT TRANSFERRED BETWEEN OBJECTS?
: : Convection : :
I (
,
\
'
.....,_.
'
I I
\I I I I I
I I I
Radiation
71
Heat Transfer at
Work
The heated water is less dense and so it rises, moving heat upward by convection. Objects near the burner are heated
by radiation.
The water touching the bottom of the pot heats by conduction. The bottom of the pot touches the burner and is heated by conduction.
Name that type of heat transfer!

Conduction! Radiation!
Convection!
73
Heat Transfer across the globe

http://www.classzone.com/ books/earth_science/terc/ content/visualizations/ es1705/es1705page01.cfm
Specific Heat
Quantity of heat needed to raise One gram of any Substance by 1 degree Celsius
Specific Heat The higher the Specific heat The more energy is needed to raise the temperature
Specific Heats of Common Materials

MATERIAL
Liquid water Solid water (ice) Water vapor
SPECIFIC HEAT
(Joules/gram C)
4.18 2.11 2.00 1.01 0.84 0.79 0.45 0.38 0.13
Dry air
Basalt Granite Iron Copper Lead
Measuring Specific Heat

Energy can be measures in many different ways. Typical units include: Joules , Watts , &
calories
The term Joule is named after English Scientist James Prescott Joule who lived from 1818 to 1889. He discovered that Heat is a type of Energy! 1,000 joules =1 kilojoule = 1 Btu
Do Now!
Read the did you know and complete practice questions 1-10!
1.What substance has the highest specific heat? Use your
Liquid water
Reference Tables
4.18
Joules/gramC
2. Why do metals have low specific heats?
They are solid
3. Why are pans made of

metals with low specific ? heats
Because metals are good Conductors And have low specific heats. Therefore they will heat up quickly and cook your food faster.
4. Which would Take more energy to raise its Temperature, water Or land?
water
5. Which would Heat up and cool off Faster, land or water?
land
Water (liquid) = 4.18 Iron (Fe) = 0.45 Copper (Cu) = 0.38

6. Which of these three substances will heat up fastest? Copper because it has the lowest specific heat
7. Which material would require the greatest amount of heat energy to raise its temperature from 50 C to 100 C?
A. B. C. D. 10 10 10 10 grams grams grams grams of of of of granite ice lead iron
8. Which pan would you use if you wanted to cook your food quickly?
copper Cp = 0.38 iron Cp = 0.45
9. Which material would require the greatest amount of heat energy to raise its temperature from 50 C to 100 C?
A. granite B. ice C. lead D. iron
10. Calculate how many joules would be required to raise 3 grams of water from 50 C to 65 C.
3 x15x 4.18 = =188.1j
PHASES OF Matter:
Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules.
A) SOLID B) LIQUID
C) GAS
Solid Liquid
Motion (Kinetic energy)
How is it bonded?
Little K.E. Molecules vibrate More K.E. Molecules move freely Most K.E. Molecules move fast
Does it have Volume? A definite shape?
Strong
Not bonded rigidly
yes no no
yes yes no
Gas
Not bonded
What are the changes of phase called?
solid
FREEZING
liquid
MELTING CONDENSATION
liquid
gas
VAPORIZATION
2. ENERGY IS RELEASED (lost)
DURING:
FREEZING
SOLID LIQUID LIQUID GAS
CONDENSATION
from higher K.E. to lower K.E.
3. ENERGY IS ABSORBED (gained)
DURING:
SOLID
MELTING
LIQUID GAS
LIQUID
VAPORIZATION
from lower K.ETo higher K.E.
Energy stored during a phase change is called
Latent heat No change in

temperature
98
TAKE OUT YOUR EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLES
99
(Earth Science Reference Tables : front page)
Properties of Water
Heating Curve of Water
100
VAPORIZATION
STEAM
temp 0C
MELT
CONDENSATION WATER ICE

(Joules)
FREEZE
HEAT ENERGY ADDED
MELTING / FREEZING
SEE EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLE: Energy is absorbed + 334 J/gram
00 C
- 334 J/gram Energy is released
00 C
VAPORIZATION/ CONDENSATION
Energy is absorbed
+2260 J/g
1000 C
Energy is released
-2260 J/g
1000 C
1. Which phase changes release energy? freezing & condensation 2. Which phase changes absorb energy? Vaporization & melting 3. Which phase has the most K.E.? GAS (STEAM)
The Earth is always trying to achieve Equilibrium Energy is constantly being re-distributed flowing from source to sink
The Earth Receives Energy from two sources:
SUN
Radioactive Energy
CORE
All matter radiates some

Electromagnetic Energy
The sun emits energy in ALL wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10
10
10
gamma
X ray
Ultra violet Infrared
Microwaves Radio waves

Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
Each type of energy differs in its

10-10 10-8
wavelength
10-6 10-4 10-2 10
0
10
10
gamma
X ray

visible
A wavelength is the distance

between two crests of the wave.
Wavelength
Shorter Wavelength
Longer Wavelength
v v v
Frequency is defined as a number of cycles per unit time.
The Sun gives off light and heat in the form of and
VISIBLE UV
electromagnetic energy.
However, the short wavelengths (dangerous UV radiation) are mostly GAMMA absorbed by the ozone so they dont OZONE reach earths surface
The Ozone layer is found in the layer of the atmosphere.
stratosphere
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10
10
10
gamma
X ray

visible
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10
10
10
gamma
X ray

visible
SHORT WAVE LENGTHS ARE MOSTLY ABSORBED by THE OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE
gamma, X-RAYS
OZONE
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10
10
10
gamma
X ray

visible
SHORT WAVE LENGTHS ARE MOSTLY ABSORBED by THE OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE
gamma, x-rays,
UV
OZONE
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10
10
10
gamma
X ray

visible
This energy is absorbed by Earths surface, which in turn reradiates the energy in the form of heat called radiation
infrared
OZONE
VISIBLE LIGHT : PASSES THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE WITH THE GREATEST INTENSITY
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10
10
10
gamma
X ray

visible
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
10
10
10
gamma
X ray

visible
Sun emits all Infrared: Heat energy that Earth re-radiates wavelengths
How does too Much CO2 contribute to Global warming?
H20
CO2
VAPOR
INFRARED
METHANE GAS
CO2 absorbs infrared
Interactions between Electromagnetic Energy & The Environment:
1. ABSORBTION - UV ABSORBED by
OZONE IN STRATOSPHERE INFRARED ABSORBED BY CO2&H2O vaporoxide methane, nitrous 2. REFLECTION - BY CLOUDS, ICE, SNOW & WATER
3. SCATTERING - BY AEROSOLS,
WATER DROPLETS, ICE CRYSTALS, AIR POLLUTANTS, DUST, POLLEN 4. LIGHT IS BENT AS IT REFRACTION MOVES THROUGH VARIED DENSITIES
5. TRANSMISSION WHEN ENERGY
PASSES THROUGH A MEDIUM
1. ABSORPTION 2. REFLECTION 3.SCATTERING 4. REFRACTION 5. TRANSMISSION
Less than
of the incoming solar radiation is received by the Earths surface
half
Surface properties of the Earth and Absorption of Energy:
Reflection vs. Absorption & Radiation
Color:
Light (white) reflects dark (black) absorbs
Texture:
Rough surface absorbs smooth surface reflects
Absorption
Good absorbers are also good re-radiators. What type of surface is the best absorber? Dark Rough Pavement warms before grassy lawns.
What type of surface is the best reflector of radiation? Light Shiny Flat Snow and Ice reflect insolation and remain cold.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: LAB

10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10
0
10
10
gamma
X ray
Decreasing wavelength
Increasing wavelength
visible
Spectroscope Lab
Greenhouse Effect
Short wavelength visible light enters the greenhouse, is absorbed, then re-radiated as longer wavelength infrared (heat). The glass traps the infrared.
What is Global Warming?
increase in An the Earths Average surface air temperature
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
145
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
HEAT IS TRAPPED BY THE GLASS OF THE GREENHOUSE
outgoing is Longer wave Infrared
Incoming is Short wave Ex: Visible light

146
Energy absorbed
Short wave radiation like Visible light passes through the glass of a greenhouse and is absorbed by the objects inside the greenhouse.
147
These objects
infrared Long Wave Radiation
the energy as
reradiate
_, which get reflected back into the greenhouse and warms the air.
148
In Earths atmosphere, there are many gases that act like the glass of a greenhouse and trap long-wave radiation, keeping it in the Earths Atmosphere. These are known as
149
Greenhouse Gases!
150
Greenhouse Effect
CO2 and H2O absorb infrared that is re -radiated from the surface of the Earth. Therefore, holding that heat in the atmosphere and raising the global temperature.
What are the Greenhouse gases?
H20
METHANE GAS
VAPOR
CO2
INFRARED
Ozone
CFCs
Without some greenhouse gases, the Earth would cold be too for us to survive. But an overload of greenhouse gases creates a problem as well!
How does too Much CO2 contribute to Global warming?
H20
CO2
VAPOR
INFRARED
METHANE GAS
CO2 absorbs infrared
Greenhouse Effect
What human activities contribute to CO2 production and an increase in the greenhouse effect?
Burning of fossil fuels Global deforestation
If present trends continue possible effects may include Rising sea levels due to melting polar ice caps; Increasing frequency and severity of storms and hurricanes; More frequent heat waves and droughts; and Relocation of major crop growing areas.
Which of the following best represents the type of energy received by the Earth and the re-emitted by the Earth?
Which of the following best represents the type of energy received by the Earth and the re-emitted by the Earth?
WHICH TYPE OF ENERGY IS REPRESENTED BY THE RADIATION AT B?

A) INSOLATION C) VISIBLE LIGHT B) ULTRAVIOLET D) INFRARED ENERGY
WHICH TYPE OF ENERGY IS REPRESENTED BY THE RADIATION AT B?

A) INSOLATION C) VISIBLE LIGHT B) ULTRAVIOLET D) INFRARED ENERGY
What is a NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE?
An energy resource that is Being used faster than Earth Produces it .

161
Examples: Fossil Fuels, minerals
162
To make our nonrenewable resources last longer we can ___ Reduce______ Reuse ______ ___ Recycle____. _
163
What is a RENEWABLE RESOURCE?
An energy resource that is Earth supplies faster than we use it unlimited.

164
Examples: Solar, wind, biomass (trees etc..)
165
A renewable resource produces less pollution (substance that can harm living things and/or the environment
166
Look at the pie graph!!!

Only 7% of our energy consumption is from renewable resources!!! Try to make little changes in your life to reduce your dependence on Non-Renewable Resources! What do you plan to do?

Unit 1: ENERGY: Stop Monkey-N-ing Around and Go Green Already! P.S. I'm Mookie The Monkey

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Unit 1: ENERGY: Stop Monkey-N-ing Around and Go Green Already! P.S. I'm Mookie The Monkey

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Unit 1: ENERGY

What is ENERGY? Energy is the ability to do

STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY:

Energy STORED in the (center) of an atom.

Going from potential energy...

Maximum potential energy,

Maximum kinetic energy, m:inmum pot<!ntial en<.'rgy

1) Potential energy is stored energy due to and objects

2) Kinetic depends on the MASS and the SPEED of an object.

WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST KINETIC ENERGY?

WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST POTENTIAL ENERGY?

Do you remember the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS AND ENERGY?

Mass/ Energy can only Change form!!!

HIGH TO LOW (source to sink)

ENERGY WILL FLOW FROM

THE FINGER TO THE ICE

THE LIQUID LOSES ENERGY AS THE ICE GAINS ENERGY

Do Now: Focused Free Write

Energy moves from regions of concentration to concentrations of energy.

There are 3 methods of Energy Transfer Radiation ConDuction ConVection

-Conduction is a form of heat transfer by direct contact of molecules

Best Medium for energy transfer

-Conduction occurs fastest in solids

metals are the best conductors of he heat energy.

Touching a hot surface Electricity

0' '' "

Energy transfer Due to Density differences

Best Medium for energy transfer

-occurs ONLY in which are liquids and gases!

Hot air or water rising Volcanoes Lava lamp

Inferred Properties of Earth's Interior

Electromagnetic (EM) waves that move Through a vacuum (empty space)

-radiation is the transfer of heat in waves .

-Electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light

Best Medium for energy transfer

1. HEAT: the energy of moving particles

2. HOT OBJECTS contain more heat than than cold ones

3. All objects above Absolute zero contain heat

HOW IS HEAT TRANSFERRED BETWEEN OBJECTS?

Name that type of heat transfer!

Heat Transfer across the globe

Specific Heats of Common Materials

4.18 2.11 2.00 1.01 0.84 0.79 0.45 0.38 0.13

Measuring Specific Heat

1.What substance has the highest specific heat? Use your

2. Why do metals have low specific heats?

They are solid

3. Why are pans made of

5. Which would Heat up and cool off Faster, land or water?

Water (liquid) = 4.18 Iron (Fe) = 0.45 Copper (Cu) = 0.38

3 x15x 4.18 = =188.1j

Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules.

Motion (Kinetic energy)

Does it have Volume? A definite shape?

What are the changes of phase called?

2. ENERGY IS RELEASED (lost)

from higher K.E. to lower K.E.

3. ENERGY IS ABSORBED (gained)

from lower K.ETo higher K.E.

Energy stored during a phase change is called

Latent heat No change in

TAKE OUT YOUR EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLES