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A research study was conducted to examine the differences between older and younger adults on perceived life satisfaction. A pilot study was conducted to examine this hypothesis. Ten older adults (over the age of 70) and ten younger adults (between 20 and 30) were give a life satisfaction test (known to have high reliability and validity). Scores on the measure range from 0 to 60 with high scores indicative of high life satisfaction; low scores indicative of low life satisfaction. The data are presented below. Compute the appropriate t-test.
Independent t-test
1.
What is your computed answer? tobs = 4.317 be that there are no significant differences between younger and older adults on life satisfaction.
2. What would be the null hypothesis in this study? The null hypothesis would
3. What would be the alternate hypothesis? The alternate hypothesis would be that life satisfaction scores of older and younger adults are different.
4. 5. 6.
What probability level did you choose? .05 What is your tcrit? tcrit = 2.101 Is there a significant difference between the two groups? Yes, the tobs is in the tail. In fact, even if one uses a probability level the t is still in the tail. Thus, we conclude that we are 99.9 percent sure that there is a significant difference between the two groups. Interpret your answer. Older adults in this sample have significantly higher life satisfaction than younger adults.
7.
1.
What is your computed answer? F = 10.74 (2,12) p < .01 in depression levels between the three groups. The groups taking the drug will not be different than the groups taking the placebo.
2. What would be the null hypothesis in this study? There will be no difference
3. What would be the alternate hypothesis? There will be a difference somewhere in depression levels between the three levels of drug groups.
4. 5.
What probability level did you choose? p = .01. What is your Fcrit? Fcrit = 6.93 difference exists somewhere between the three groups.
6. Is there a significant difference between the groups? Yes - a significant If there is a significant difference, where specifically are the differences? There is a significant difference between the placebo group and the low dose group (tcomp = 3.22 and tcrit = 2.31, p = .05). There is a significant difference between the placebo group and the moderate dose group (tcomp = 4.63 and tcrit = 2.31, p = .05). There is no significant difference between the low dose and the moderate dose groups (tcomp = 1.23 and tcrit = 2.31, p = .05). 8. Interpret your answer. The drug appears to help alleviate depression. However, as there is no significant difference between taking a low or moderate dose, a low dose would be recommended.
7.
We use a Chi-squared test since we have one random sample, the sample size is less than 10% of the population of all 7th graders in the district, and each expected cell count is large enough (greater than 5).
1. What is your computed chi-squared? Chi-squared= 2.85 2. What would be the null hypothesis in this study? There is no relationship between Pre-algebra achievement and pre-school attendance. The Pre-algebra achievement is not dependent on pre-school attendance. 3. What would be the alternate hypothesis? There is a relationship between Prealgebra achievement and pre-school attendance. The Pre-algebra achievement is dependent on pre-school attendance. 4. What significance level did you choose? a= .05 5. What is your critical value? X2crit = 5.99 6. Is there relationship between between pre-algebra achievement and pre-school attendance.? No - there is no relationship between Pre-algebra achievement and pre-school attendance. 7. Interpret your answer. Since our chi-squared is less than the critical value, our sample does not provide significant evidence that pre-algebra achievement is related to pre-school attendance. This study alone would not support funding preschool education for all students in the district.
What does this statistic mean concerning the relationship between achievement test performance and g.p.a.? There is a moderate correlation between achievement test performance and g.p.a. As the achievement test scores go up, the g.p.a.s tend to increase as well and vice versa. What percent of the variability is accounted for by the relationship between the two variables and what does this statistic mean? r2 = .27 The percent a variability is relatively low. Only 27 percent of the achievement test performance is related to the g.p.a (and vice versa). Seventy-three percent of the variability is left unexplained.
3.
4. What would be the slope and y-intercept for a regression line based on this data? The slope would be .028430629 and the y-intercept would be . 62711903.