PRINCIPAL FACTS FOR GRAVITY

STATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF

COYOTE SPRING VALLEY, NEVADA,
WITH INITIAL GRAVITY MODELING
RESULTS
by Geoffrey A. Phelps, E.B. Jewel, V.E. Langenheim and R.C. Jachens
Open-File Report 00-420

2000

Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Nevada Water Authority

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey
editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or
product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
1

U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey
editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or
product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
1

U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA

ABSTRACT
Gravity measurements were made along 5 profiles across parts of the Coyote Spring
Valley and vicinity in order to aid in modeling the depth and shapes of the underlying
basins and to locate faults concealed beneath the basin fill. Measurements were taken at
200 m (660 ft) spacing along the profiles. Models based on these and existing regional
data reveal two north-south-trending basins beneath Coyote Spring Valley that reach
maximum depths of greater than 1 km (0.6 mi). A small valley, located just east of
Coyote Spring Valley and containing Dead Man Wash, includes a small basin about 500
m (1600 ft) deep that appears to be the southern continuation of the northern basin
beneath Coyote Spring Valley. The profile gravity data are further used to identify the
locations of possible faults concealed beneath the basin fill.
INTRODUCTION
At the request of the Southern Nevada Water Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey
conducted a gravity survey in the Coyote Spring Valley and vicinity, Clark and Lincoln
Counties, Nevada, during May, 2000. The purpose of the survey was to help define the
shapes of young basins filled with Cenozoic rocks and alluvium, and to identify any
possible faults within these basins that might influence the movement of groundwater.
The gravity measurements were taken along detailed profiles crossing the southwestern
end of Kane Springs Valley, parts of Coyote Spring Valley, and the small valley (located
25 km (15 mi) WNW of Glendale and Moapa, NV) just east of Coyote Spring Valley that
contains Dead Man Wash and a section of Pahranagat Wash (fig. 1).
Coyote Spring Valley is a north-south-trending valley about 80 km (50 mi) north of Las
Vegas, NV. The valley areas containing the gravity profiles are bounded on the west by
the Sheep and Las Vegas Ranges, on the north by the Delamar Mountains, and on the east
by the Meadow Valley Mountains. The Arrow Canyon Range projects from the south
into the southernmost gravity profiles (figs. 1 and 2).
The valleys in the study area were created by Miocene extension of the crust that formed
the basins and ranges that make up most of Nevada today (Stewart, 1980). The ranges
2

11445'

KA
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37

37

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U.S. Ro

10 KM

115

rana
Was gat
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3645'

CANYON

RANGE

Pah

ARROW

GE
LAS

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GA

SR

AN

3645'

Dead Man
Wash

SHEEP

EY

L
VAL

RANGE

ING

State Route 7

11445'

Figure 1. Index map showing Coyote Spring Valley study area and vicinity, Nevada. Black areas
have outcrops of Cenozoic volcanic rocks, gray areas have outcrops of Paleozoic rocks,
and white areas indicate areas covered by Cenozoic basin fill. Solid triangles indicate
locations where samples of Paleozoic rock were collected for density measurements.

115

11445'

N1

37

37

N2

S1

S3

S2
S4
3645'

3645'

10 KM

115

11445'

Figure 2. Map showing isostatic residual gravity of Coyote Spring Valley and vicinity. Contour
interval = 2 mGal. Open circles show gravity stations. Gray bands labelled N1-N2 and
S1-S4 are detailed gravity profiles that were modeled to define basin shape. Red
lines indicate faults mapped by Dohrenwend and others (1996). See figure 1 for
geology and culture. Refer to Plate 1 for larger scale presentation of these data.

surrounding the study area (and presumably the floors of the intervening basins) are
composed primarily of Paleozoic carbonate rocks (Stewart and Carlson, 1978) which
typically have densities of 2.7 g/cm3 or greater. The basins are filled primarily with
Miocene tuffaceous sedimentary rocks (with minor tuff) and Quaternary alluvium. These
basin fill deposits are typically much lower in density than the Paleozoic carbonate rocks
with which they are in contact. Because of the large density contrast between the basin
fill and the surrounding carbonate rocks, gravity techniques are well suited for defining
the subsurface shapes of the basins and the geometries of the faults that bound the basins.
Previous geophysical work relevant to the present study are limited. Kane and others
(1979) and Healey and others (1981) published gravity maps containing about 50
measurements in the vicinity of Coyote Spring Valley. Although more recent
compilations more than doubled the number of measurements (Ponce, 1997), the
coverage remained too sparse for the purposes of the present study. Geophysical logs for
8 wells in the Coyote Springs Valley area, including 4 wells drilled by the U.S. Air Force
as part of the Nevada-Utah MX missile-siting investigation, contain lithologic, density,
and electrical information (Berger and others, 1988). Saltus and Jachens (1995)
examined the shape and distribution of basins throughout the Basin and Range Province
by inverting regional gravity data to yield the thickness of Cenozoic deposits. However,
their spatial resolution (2 km) is too coarse to provide useful local information for the
present study. Carpenter and Carpenter (1994) analyzed seismic reflection profiles in
southern Nevada and surrounding areas, one of which coincides with one of the southern
gravity profiles included in this study. This seismic reflection profile provides a valuable
check and confirmation of the gravity interpretations.
DATA COLLECTION AND REDUCTION
224 gravity measurements, spaced 200 m (660 ft) apart, were taken along 5 profiles (fig.
2 and plate 1). Measurement locations were determined using a Trimble 1440 RTK (realtime kinematic) Global Positioning System (GPS) to record longitude, latitude, and
elevation. Locations were recorded relative to GPS base stations located on local
benchmarks. Benchmarks were located horizontally using Rockwell PLGR GPS units,
which have an uncertainty of 7 m (23 ft). The vertical datum was provided by the
elevation posted on the benchmarks, which gave elevation to the nearest foot. The
Trimble RTK System typically has a relative error of 5 to10 cm (2-4 in) in the horizontal
direction and 10-20 cm (4-8 in) in the vertical direction. Therefore, the absolute locations
of the gravity observations have uncertainties of at least 7 m (23 ft) horizontally and 0.3
m (1 ft) vertically, but have smaller uncertainties in the relative positions and elevations
of data along each profile. The relative positional uncertainties are the important ones for
defining the shapes of the basins.
5

Page-size version of plate 1

370'00"

3652'30"

3645'00"

Link to full-size version of plate1

Gravity data were collected during May 2000 using LaCoste and Romberg gravity meter
G17c. All gravity data were tied to a gravity base station, GLEN, established at the
Glendale Hotel in Glendale, NV. GLEN has a value of 979,682.63 mGal based on ties to
LVGS, a gravity base station in front of the U.S. Geological Survey office in Las Vegas,
NV (observed gravity 979,593.62 mGal).
Gravity data were reduced using the Geodetic Reference System of 1967 (International
Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, 1971) and referenced to the International Gravity
Standardization Net 1971 gravity datum (Morelli, 1974, p. 18). Gravity data were
reduced to isostatic residual gravity anomalies using standard procedures (e.g. Telford
and others, 1976) with a reduction density of 2.67 g/cm3 and include earth-tide,
instrument drift, free-air, latitude, Bouguer, curvature, and terrain corrections. An
isostatic correction, using a sea-level crustal thickness of 25 km (16 mi), an upper crustal
density of 2.67 g/cm3, and a mantle-crust density contrast of 0.40 g/cm3, was applied to
the gravity data to remove long-wavelength gravity anomalies resulting from isostatic
compensation of the topography by deep density distributions. The resulting isostatic
residual gravity anomalies reflect, to first order, density variations within the middle and
upper crust (Simpson and others, 1986).
Terrain corrections were computed to a radial distance of 167 km (104 mi) and involved
a 3-part process: 1) Hayford-Bowie zones A and B with an outer radius of 68 m (223 ft)
were estimated in the field with the aid of tables and charts; 2) Hayford-Bowie zones C
and D with an outer radius of 590 m (1936 ft) were computed using a 30-m (100-ft
digital elevation model; and 3) terrain corrections from a distance of 0.59 km (1936 ft) to
167 km (104 mi) were calculated using a digital elevation model and procedure by Plouff
(1977). Total terrain corrections for stations measured during this study range from 0.24
to 3.73 mGal, averaging 1.14 mGal. 95% of the terrain corrections are less than 2 mGal.
Uncertainties in the total terrain corrections, based on experience in other areas of
Nevada, are estimated to be about 10% of the total correction. Because most of the
gravity measurements were made far from the rugged topography that results in large
terrain corrections, we estimate the uncertainty in terrain corrections for typical
observations in this survey to be less than 0.2 mGal.
The reduced gravity data collected during this study are presented in Appendix 1. We
estimate that the total uncertainty associated with these data, based on uncertainties in
observed gravity (from meter drift and calibration uncertainties), horizontal position,
elevation, and terrain correction, to be typically less than 0.3 mGal, although slightly
larger uncertainties correspond to measurements with large terrain corrections (Appendix
7

1). These uncertainties are substantially smaller than the gravity anomalies associated
with the basins, typically on the order of 5.0-10.0 mGal, and do not limit the modeling of
the gravity anomalies in terms of basin structure.
The isostatic residual gravity field of the study area, as defined by our new data and all
other existing data, is shown in figure 2 and on plate 1. As expected, the valleys are
characterized by gravity lows (associated with the low-density deposits contained in
them) and the surrounding ranges are characterized by gravity highs.
DENSITY DATA
Sixteen samples were taken at several outcrops (fig. 1) and measurements of sample
density were made in the laboratory. With 1 exception the samples are Paleozoic
carbonate rocks, which exhibit a mean density of 2.70 g/cm3. The density of Quaternary
alluvium was not measured directly, but was inferred to be approximately 2.15 g/cm3
based on density logs in shallow wells within the study area (Berger and others, 1988).
Densities of older and deeper basin-filling deposits have not been measured locally
within the study area, but have been estimated region-wide (Saltus and Jachens, 1995;
Jachens and Moring, 1990), and indirectly measured in a deep well in Morman Mesa 50
km (30 mi) to the east (Langenheim and others, 2000).
DEPTH TO PALEOZOIC ROCKS
We combined the gravity data collected during this study with existing data to estimate
the areal form and distribution of basins in order to provide a regional framework within
which to interpret the detailed gravity profiles. We used an iterative gravity inversion
method that combines the gravity data with exposed geology, drill hole information, and
other geophysical data to estimate the thickness of basin-filling deposits. The method
used is an updated version of the method developed by Jachens and Moring (1990) that
incorporates additional point data where the basin-fill thickness is known. The method
partitions the gravity field into two components, one caused by variations in the thickness
of the low-density basin fill, and the other caused by variations of density within the
underlying Paleozoic rock. The basin-fill component, together with an assumed vertical
variation of density within the basin fill, are inverted to produce a 3-dimensional image
of the basins. The method is iterative, successively yielding improved approximations to
the shapes of the basins while simultaneously accounting for the gravity field variations
caused by density variations within the Paleozoic rock and those caused by the lateral
effects of low density basin deposits at locations in the surrounding ranges. For details of
this method, the reader is referred to Jachens and Moring (1990) and Saltus and Jachens
(1995).

The results of this inversion for Coyote Spring Valley and vicinity are shown in figure 3.
The results show two deep basins (the northern crossed by profile N2 and the southern
crossed by profiles S1 and S3) beneath the axis of Coyote Spring Valley, both reaching
maximum depths greater than about 1 km (3300 ft). The deepest parts of both basins are
aligned north-south and are separated from each other by a NNW-trending, shallowlyburied, bedrock ridge that is the northward continuation of the Arrow Canyon Range. A
smaller basin (maximum depth of about 500 m (1600 ft)) lies beneath the valley
containing Dead Man Wash and part of Pahranagat Wash, and appears to be the southern
continuation of the northern basin beneath Coyote Spring Valley.
The general shapes and locations of the basins are reasonably well constrained by the
gravity data, but the details of the basins must be viewed with caution. Except along the
detailed gravity profiles, gravity data are sparsely distributed and the resulting basin
definition is poor at best. In particular, the southern part of the northernmost basin and
the northern part of the Dead Man Wash basin are quite uncertain because of the absence
of gravity stations in the Meadow Valley Mountains (fig. 2). A better distribution of
gravity stations in the ranges would lead to an improved estimate of the depths of the
basins. An interesting characteristic of the southernmost basin beneath Coyote Spring
Valley is that the main basin edge (as defined by the abrupt increase in basin depth), does
not lie along the western edge of the Arrow Canyon Range, but rather some 2-3 km (1.52 mi) west of the range front. The seismic reflection profile analyzed by Carpenter and
Carpenter (1994) confirms the offset between the Arrow Canyon Range front and the
basin boundary (presumably a normal fault). We do not have enough data to say whether
the eastern edge of the northern basin also is systematically displaced westward relative
to the range-front of the Meadow Valley Mountains, but the results from gravity
modeling discussed in the next section suggest that the basins edge is within about 1 km
(0.6 mi) of the range front.
INTERPRETATION OF DETAILED GRAVITY PROFILES
Gravity models were constructed along 5 profiles (N1-N2 and S1-S4 on figure 2) in order
to examine the detailed cross-sectional shapes of the basins and the structures that bound
them. A constant density contrast of 0.55 g/cm3 was used for each model based on a
density of 2.70 g/cm3 for the Paleozoic carbonate rocks and a basin fill density of 2.15
g/cm3, the average density of the alluvium measured in two wells near the study area
(CSV-1 and CSV-3, in Berger and others, 1988). The results of this modeling are shown
in figures 4-6.
Within the Basin and Range province, faults resulting from the Miocene crustal extension
often are characterized by abrupt lateral changes in the thickness of Cenozoic basin fill of
9

11445'

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N1

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37

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N2

Man Wash

SHEEP

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RANGE

ING

10 KM

115

3645'

ANYON

S4

ARROW
C

GE
AN
SR
GA
VE
LAS
0

RANGE

S3
3645'

S2

Dead

S1

11445'

Figure 3. Basin thickness map of the study area. Contour intervals, 250 m, 1 km. Contours dashed
where poorly constrained. White and black circles, gravity stations; blue dots, wells that penetrate
pre-Cenozoic basement. Black areas have outcrops of Cenozoic volcanic rocks, gray areas have
outcrops of Paleozoic rocks, and white areas indicate areas covered by Cenozoic basin fill.

a few hundred meters or more. This relationship is well illustrated along model-profile
S1 (fig. 4) where four possible faults are identified in areas of abrupt lateral changes in
the thickness of the basin fill. Three of these (identified by asterisks) correspond to faults
identified by Carpenter and Carpenter (1994) on the basis of seismic reflection profiling
and two (identified by open circles) correspond to faults mapped by Dohrenwend and
others (1996). The fourth and westernmost possible fault in figure 4 lies beyond the
western end of the seismic reflection profile.
Figure 5 shows gravity models along the two northern profiles, N1 and N2, and figure 6
shows two additional gravity models along southern profiles S3 and S4. Locations of
abrupt lateral changes in the thickness of basin fill are identified as possible locations of
faults on figures 5 and 6, and their locations in map view are shown on plate 1. A model
along profile S2 yielded only a thin, relatively uniform layer of basin fill a few hundred
meters thick, and showed no characteristic features that would suggest faults.
The models shown are based on an assumed density contrast of 0.55 g/cm3 between
Paleozoic rock and the basin fill. This density contrast is uncertain primarily because
actual measurements of the density of the basin fill are few, and because the density of
the fill in the deeper parts of the basin has not been measured locally. We estimate that
these uncertainties could be as large as 0.1 g/cm3 or about 20%. If the actual density
contrast along any profile is smaller in magnitude than 0.55 g/cm3, the actual depth to
Paleozoic rock will be greater than that shown (roughly in proportion to the percentage
error). If the actual density contrast is larger, then the depth will decrease. In general,
however, the shape of the basin and the locations of abrupt lateral changes in the
thickness of the basin fill will not change. Therefore, the locations of possible faults
defined by the gravity modeling should not be affected by any reasonable uncertainty in
the density contrast used to model the gravity data.
DISCUSSION
Gravity surveys provide an effective method for defining the configuration of concealed
Cenozoic basins in the vicinity of Coyote Spring Valley, and, based on a comparison
between gravity modeling results and seismic reflection profiling along S1, detailed
gravity profiles can be effective in identifying concealed faults. Although the subsurface
configuration of the basins are well constrained along the detailed profiles of the present
study, the gravity data throughout the rest of Coyote Spring Valley are too sparsely
distributed to give more than a generalized image of the basins and their bounding faults.
Additional gravity surveys could be used to refine the image of the basins and faults and
to trace individual fault strands and establish their continuity. Analysis of aeromagnetic
data over the study area in conjunction with the gravity field produced by the Paleozoic
11

PROFILE S1

Gravity (mGal)

10
5
0
-5
=Observed,

=Calculated

-10
fault

Depth (km)

-1

fault

fault

fault

Cs
0
Pz

0
V.E.=1
Scale=50000

Distance (km)

Figure 4. Gravity model along profile S1. Density contrast between Paleozoic bedrock and Cenozoic basin fill, -0.55 g/cm3.
Pz--Paleozoic rock; Cs--Cenozoic basin fill. Faults marked by asterisks correspond to faults identified by Carpenter
and Carpenter (1994) on the basis of seismic reflection profiling and faults marked by open circles correspond to
faults mapped by Dohrenwend and others (1996).

NW

PROFILE N1

SE

Gravity (mGal)

10
5
0
-5
=Observed,

=Calculated

-10
fault

fault
-1

Depth (km)

Cs
Pz
0

V.E.=1
Scale=50000

Distance (km)

PROFILE N2

Gravity (mGal)

10
5
0
=Calculated
-5
=Observed,
-10
fault

Depth (km)

-1

Cs
0

Pz
1

0
V.E.=1
Scale=50000

Distance (km)

Figure 5. Gravity models along profiles N1 and N2. Density contrast between Paleozoic bedrock and Cenozoic
basin fill, -0.55 g/cm3. Pz--Paleozoic rock; Cs--Cenozoic basin fill. Faults marked by open circles
correspond to faults mapped by Dohrenwend and others (1996). Arrow indicates location of fault
shown by Stewart and Carlson, 1978.

PROFILE S3

SW

NE

10
Gravity (mGal)

5
0
=Calculated

=Observed,
-5
-10

fault

Depth (km)

-1

fault

Cs
0

Pz
1

V.E.=1
Scale=50000

Distance (km)

PROFILE S4

Gravity (mGal)

10
5
0
-5
=Observed,

=Calculated

-10
fault?

Depth (km)

-1

fault

fault ?

fault
Cs

0
Pz
1

0
V.E.=1
Scale=50000

Distance (km)

Figure 6. Gravity models along profiles S3 and S4. Density contrast between Paleozoic bedrock and Cenozoic
basin fill, -0.55 g/cm3. Pz--Paleozoic rock; Cs--Cenozoic basin fill. A linear, westward decreasing
regional gradient was removed from profile S4 prior to modeling. Fault marked by an open circle
corresponds to a fault mapped by Dohrenwend and others (1996). Well CSV-1 (Berger and others, 1988) is
765 ft deep and did not reach Paleozoic rock.

bedrock (a map that is an outgrowth of the basin-depth inversion) can yield additional
information about the lithology and structures within the pre-Cenozoic rock. All of this
information could serve as the basis for improving the hydrogeologic framework of the
region which, in turn, could be used in a refined ground-water flow model.

15

REFERENCES CITED
Berger, D.L., Kilroy, K.C., and Schaefer, D.H., 1988, Geophysical logs and hydrologic
data for eight wells in the Coyote Spring Valley area, Clark and Lincoln Counties,
Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open file Report 87-679, 59 p.
Carpenter, J.A., and Carpenter, D.G., 1994, Structural and Stratigraphic Relations in a
Critical Part of the Mormon Mountains, Nevada, in Dobbs, S.W., and Taylor, W.J., eds.,
Nevada Petroleum Society 1994 Conference Volume II, (Book 1), p. 95-126.
Dohrenwend, J.C., Schell, B.A., Menges, C.M., Moring, B.C., and McKittrick, M.A.,
1996, Reconnaissance photogeologic map of young (Quaternary and late Tertiary) faults
in Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 96-2.
Healey, D.L., Snyder, D.B., Wahl, R.R., and Currey, F.E., 1981, Bouguer gravity map of
Nevada: Caliente Sheet: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 70, scale 1:250,000.
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, 1971, Geodetic Reference System 1967:
International Association of Geodesy Special Publication no. 3, 116 p.
Jachens, R.C., and Moring, B.C., 1990, Maps of the thickness of Cenozoic deposits and
the isostatic residual gravity over basement for Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 90-404, 15 p., 2 plates.
Kane, M.F., Healey, D.L., Peterson, D.L., Kaufmann, H.E., and Reidy, D., 1979, Bouguer
gravity map of Nevada: Las Vegas sheet: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 61,
scale 1:250,000.
Langenheim, V.E., Glen, J.M.G., Jachens, R.C., Dixon, G.L., Katzer, T.C., and Morin,
R.L., (2000), Gravity and aeromagnetic constraints on the Virgin River Valley depression,
Nevada-Utah-Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open file Report 00-407.
Morelli, Carlo, 1974, The International Gravity Standardization Net, 1971: International
Association of Geodesy Special Publication no. 4, 194 p.
Plouff, Donald, 1977, Preliminary documentation for a FORTRAN program to compute
gravity terrain corrections based on topography digitized on a geographic grid: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-535, 45 p.

16

Ponce, D.A., 1997, Gravity data of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series
DDS-42, 27 p., CD-ROM. 80,000 gravity stations.
Saltus, R.W., and Jachens, R.C., 1995, Gravity and basin-depth maps of the Basin and
Range Province, western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical
Investigations Map GP-1012, scale 1:2,500,000
Simpson, R.W., Jachens, R.C., Blakely, R.J., and Saltus, R.W., 1986, A new isostatic
residual gravity map of the conterminous United States with a discussion on the
significance of isostatic residual anomalies: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, p.
8348-8372.
Stewart, J.H., 1980, Geology of Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special
Publication 4, 136 p.
Stewart, J.H., and Carlson, J.E., 1978, Geologic map of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey,
scale 1:500,000
Telford. W.M., Geldart, L.P., Sheriff, R.E., and Keys, D.A., 1976, Applied Geophysics:
Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 860 p.

17

APPENDIX 1: Principal facts for new gravity stations in Coyote Spring

Valley and vicinity.
Key to
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
Record
GLEN
WC001
WC002
WC002
WC003
WC004
WC005
WC006
WC007
WC008
WC009
WC010
WC011
WC012
WC013
WC014
WC015
WC016
WC017
WC018
WC019
WC020
WC021
WC022
WC023
WC024
WC025
WC026
WC027
WC028
WC029
WC030
WC031
WC032
WC033
WC034
WC035
WC036
WC037

gravity file
1
Station identifier
2
Latitude (in degrees)
3
Latitude (in minutes, to 0.01)
4
Longitude (in degrees)
5
Longitude (in minutes, to 0.01)
6
Elevation (in feet, to 0.1)
7
Observed Gravity (in mGal, to 0.01)
8
Free Air Anomaly (in mGal, to 0.01)
9
Simple Bouguer Anomaly (in mGal, to 0.01)
10
Inner Zone Terrain Correction (in mGal, to 0.01)
11
Total Terrain Correction (in mGal, to 0.01)
12
Complete Bouguer Anomaly (in mGal, to 0.01)
13
Isostatic Residual Anomaly (in mGal, to 0.01)

36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36

3996
5742
5943
5943
5919
5902
5911
5920
5928
5936
5945
5948
5950
5953
5956
5958
5955
5954
5955
5957
5960
5962
5967
5972
5966
5980
5984
5987
5989
5990
5992
5993
4605
4610
4617
4623
4628
4633
4639

114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114

3409
5546
5110
5110
5069
5067
5075
5083
5092
5100
5129
5145
5159
5172
5187
5200
5217
5231
5246
5259
5272
5285
5297
5310
5294
5320
5333
5345
5359
5373
5387
5405
5644
5633
5622
5611
5599
5588
5576

15030
26017
31515
31556
33539
34375
33522
33002
32424
31849
31159
30819
30500
30228
29920
29679
29366
29126
28968
28891
28797
28707
28723
28568
28821
28535
28763
28550
28117
28011
27801
27748
25062
24801
24555
24316
24067
23849
23661

97968263
97960458
97958799
97958794
97957767
97957316
97957763
97958009
97958315
97958631
97958995
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97960792
97960809
97960793
97960133
97960249
97960367
97960481
97960602
97960708
97960798

18

-5181
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-2328
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-5256
-5362
-5458

-10307
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-12707
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-12882
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-12844
-12881
-12993
-13042
-13304
-13352
-13391
-13429
-13464
-13496
-13528

0
6
7
7
93
45
36
22
13
10
5
5
4
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
6
3
6
3
1
4
6
4
3
1
3
3
2
2
2
2
1

24D
70D
194D
193D
373D
355D
320D
273D
239D
219D
163D
145D
131D
121D
111D
105D
100D
96D
91D
87D
84D
83D
82D
77D
81D
75D
69D
71D
74D
71D
70D
66D
152D
150D
147D
145D
144D
143D
140D

-10342
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-13074
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-13409
-13441
-13474

702
-815
636
654
988
1025
925
813
738
693
593
560
577
652
713
812
844
811
837
843
862
886
972
771
969
568
457
467
514
481
376
330
-636
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-824
-861
-900

WC038
WC039
WC040
WC041
WC042
WC043
WC044
WC045
WC046
WC047
WC048
WC049
WC050
WC051
WC052
WC053
WC054
WC055
WC056
WC057
WC058
WC059
WC060
WC061
WC062
WC063
WC064
WC065
WC066
WC067
WC068
WC069
WC070
WC071
WC072
WC073
WC074
WC075
WC076
WC077
WC078
WC079
WC080
WC081
WC082
WC083
WC084
WC085
WC086
WC087
WC088
WC089
WC090
WC091
WC092
WC093
WC094

36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36

4645
4680
4639
4645
4650
4656
4661
4670
4682
4687
4692
4696
4698
4703
4710
4718
4724
4730
4738
4745
4752
4754
4757
4747
4738
4698
4794
4794
4793
4792
4791
4790
4789
4788
4787
4786
4787
4784
4783
4783
4782
4781
4780
4779
4778
4777
4776
4775
4773
4772
4768
4761
4756
4750
4742
4743
4740

114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114

5565
5517
5575
5564
5552
5541
5530
5520
5514
5502
5490
5477
5463
5451
5441
5431
5420
5409
5399
5389
5378
5364
5350
5337
5322
5462
5673
5660
5646
5633
5620
5606
5593
5579
5566
5553
5539
5526
5513
5499
5486
5472
5459
5446
5432
5419
5406
5392
5379
5365
5352
5340
5327
5315
5302
5294
5277

23511
23007
23657
23499
23419
23241
23119
23107
22972
22837
22689
22573
22436
22331
22228
22145
22055
22014
21939
21866
21785
21764
21663
21737
21641
22434
25295
25047
24795
24537
24291
24060
23846
23643
23460
23289
23176
22999
22954
22867
22791
22729
22661
22626
22608
22535
22366
22191
21978
21862
21759
21691
21624
21585
21537
21620
21972

97960894
97961280
97960801
97960900
97960940
97961051
97961146
97961187
97961320
97961496
97961722
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97962349
97962587
97962756
97962805
97962829
97962835
97962899
97963000
97963159
97963408
97963714
97963758
97963836
97962354
97960544
97960674
97960808
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97961144
97961184
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97961296
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97961612
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97962325
97962581
97962747
97962716
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97962732
97962817
97962936
97963182
97963433
97963609
97963750
97963795
97963801
97963838
97963757
97963484

19

-5511
-5650
-5458
-5517
-5559
-5624
-5651
-5634
-5646
-5604
-5524
-5357
-5144
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-4782
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-4899
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-4707
-4622
-4534
-4545
-4567
-4564
-4568
-4507

-13530
-13497
-13527
-13531
-13547
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-13536
-13515
-13481
-13393
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-13056
-12796
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-13026
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-13061
-13071
-13092
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-13311
-13364
-13390
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-13320
-13185
-12953
-12729
-12508
-12382
-12432
-12459
-12468
-12483
-12467
-12346
-12163
-12043
-11932
-11920
-11929
-11909
-11942
-12001

1
4
1
2
1
3
1
1
3
21
8
8
5
16
18
17
4
3
2
2
3
4
8
25
39
5
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
11
1
0
15
21
21
21
4
9
9
2
4
11
9
12
17
11
11
3
21
27

137D
131D
140D
138D
133D
135D
131D
127D
129D
148D
135D
134D
132D
143D
145D
143D
128D
125D
123D
121D
120D
118D
123D
138D
156D
132D
137D
136D
135D
133D
132D
130D
129D
127D
126D
124D
130D
120D
116D
128D
132D
130D
128D
108D
111D
110D
104D
107D
118D
116D
121D
128D
124D
125D
119D
133D
126D

-13479
-13451
-13474
-13479
-13500
-13502
-13490
-13474
-13436
-13329
-13212
-13005
-12747
-12568
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-12535
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-12183
-11938
-11820
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-13000
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-13027
-13048
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-13325
-13351
-13339
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-12909
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-12432
-12442
-12462
-12442
-12310
-12128
-12003
-11886
-11877
-11885
-11871
-11890
-11956

-908
-894
-901
-909
-936
-942
-933
-920
-880
-778
-666
-468
-219
-47
50
32
-25
-61
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-14
83
309
547
651
687
-217
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-307
-327
-356
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-535
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-662
-542
-306
-87
120
235
156
121
102
73
82
203
374
490
595
594
573
574
551
471

WC095
WC096
WC097
WC098
WC099
WC100
WC101
WC102
WC103
WC104
WC105
WC106
WC107
WC108
WC109
WC110
WC111
WC112
WC113
WC114
WC115
WC116
WC117
WC118
WC119
WC120
WC121
WC122
WC123
WC124
WC130
WC131
WC132
WC133
WC134
WC135
WC136
WC137
WC138
WC139
WC140
WC141
WC142
WC143
WC144
WC145
WC146
WC147
WC148
WC149
WC150
WC151
WC152
WC153
WC154
WC155
WC156

36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36

5742
5736
5735
5735
5734
5734
5733
5733
5733
5733
5732
5731
5731
5730
5729
5731
5729
5730
5731
5732
5733
5732
5733
5735
5736
5740
5739
5738
5727
5717
4740
4742
4744
4746
4747
4749
4751
4753
4756
4759
4761
4758
4747
4744
4746
4748
4749
4751
4753
4749
4745
4739
4727
4717
4711
4704
4698

114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114

5546
5534
5520
5507
5493
5479
5466
5452
5439
5425
5411
5398
5384
5372
5358
5344
5330
5317
5303
5290
5276
5270
5263
5249
5231
5223
5210
5205
5207
5210
5273
5254
5241
5227
5214
5201
5188
5174
5161
5148
5139
5134
5120
5107
5093
5080
5066
5053
5039
5025
5010
4998
4986
4973
4961
4948
4936

26243
26297
26247
26265
26240
26248
26354
26369
26358
26519
26418
26445
26525
26554
26593
26610
26616
26799
27099
27415
27810
27982
28199
28629
29181
29390
29929
29959
29873
30322
22244
22598
22792
22951
23115
23273
23430
23520
23548
23377
23490
23359
23509
23425
23328
23384
23678
23782
23834
23524
23612
23617
23718
23570
23121
22910
22880

97960464
97960380
97960293
97960337
97960334
97960304
97960220
97960203
97960208
97960112
97960199
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97960162
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97959982
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97959569
97959634
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97962638
97962712
97962925
97962881
97962893
97962830
97962928
97963250
97963382
97963401

20

-4959
-4984
-5116
-5055
-5080
-5103
-5086
-5089
-5094
-5039
-5045
-5029
-4980
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-4055
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-3935
-3795
-3666
-3546
-3618
-3574
-3549
-3499
-3526
-3618
-3674
-3674

-13910
-13953
-14068
-14013
-14030
-14055
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-14055
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-14027
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-13898
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-12385
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-12032
-11959
-11910
-11870
-11777
-11675
-11642
-11627
-11603
-11589
-11565
-11503
-11488
-11478

1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
8
8
8
7
8
10
23
55
96
99
32
32
27
33
32
28
26
25
26
15
8
16
30
12
10
7
4
4
4
19
25
24
23
27
24
5
13

63D
62D
63D
63D
64D
65D
65D
67D
69D
70D
73D
76D
80D
82D
87D
94D
103D
107D
112D
117D
127D
131D
135D
144D
163D
173D
199D
240D
283D
273D
124D
115D
105D
107D
103D
96D
91D
87D
87D
77D
68D
78D
89D
71D
69D
65D
59D
59D
58D
74D
79D
77D
76D
81D
78D
59D
66D

-13941
-13985
-14099
-14045
-14060
-14084
-14103
-14110
-14110
-14108
-14077
-14067
-14042
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-12364
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-12245
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-11975
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-11898
-11805
-11704
-11654
-11635
-11613
-11599
-11571
-11511
-11513
-11496

-683
-738
-859
-810
-832
-862
-888
-901
-906
-912
-888
-885
-865
-849
-805
-736
-669
-608
-524
-420
-275
-223
-119
91
355
387
800
674
737
1087
363
255
165
88
19
-29
-61
-47
-6
104
182
230
249
261
325
363
390
478
574
611
619
630
628
642
689
674
680

WC157
WC158
WC159
WC160
WC161
WC162
WC163
WC164
WC165
WC166
WC167
WC168
WC169
WC170
WC171
WC172
WC173
WC174
WC175
WC176
WC177
WC178
WC179
WC180
WC181
WC183
WC184
WC185
WC186
WC187
WC188
WC189
WC190
WC191
WC192
WC193
WC194
WC195
WC196
WC197
WC198
WC199
WC200
WC201
WC202
WC203
WC204
WC205
WC206
WC207
WC208
WC209
WC210
WC211
WC212
WC213
WC214

36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36

4691
4684
4681
4678
4674
4671
4667
4663
4660
4656
4653
4650
4643
4637
4630
4621
4613
4604
4596
4590
4586
4582
4589
4592
4613
4477
4482
4475
4478
4483
4487
4498
4511
4518
4523
4523
4526
4529
4533
4537
4541
4545
4549
4553
4560
4566
4570
4574
4578
4581
4585
4589
4592
4597
4601
4605
4608

114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114

4924
4911
4899
4886
4874
4861
4848
4835
4821
4808
4795
4784
4772
4771
4762
4751
4740
4729
4718
4706
4694
4682
4681
4686
4724
4807
4809
4825
4837
4851
4857
4868
4875
4885
4897
4912
4926
4939
4951
4964
4977
4989
5002
5014
5025
5036
5049
5062
5074
5087
5099
5112
5125
5137
5149
5162
5175

22612
22306
22160
22225
22312
22309
22686
22551
22377
22614
22504
22368
22550
22711
22487
22375
22437
22672
22635
22294
22159
22236
22879
22704
23113
20287
20476
20249
20828
20419
20093
20114
20118
20136
20178
20244
20329
20390
20375
20357
20385
20422
20469
20477
20544
20557
20619
20621
20645
20679
20723
20836
20941
20953
21001
21047
20979

97963586
97963795
97963892
97963855
97963826
97963849
97963637
97963795
97964016
97963947
97964074
97964204
97964119
97964160
97964190
97964324
97964367
97964211
97964167
97964379
97964470
97964460
97964129
97964235
97963984
97965449
97965367
97965506
97965404
97965306
97965221
97965177
97965128
97965078
97965002
97964925
97964861
97964805
97964806
97964805
97964786
97964718
97964594
97964489
97964370
97964266
97964168
97964127
97964103
97964094
97964105
97964082
97964079
97964077
97964056
97964034
97964054

21

-3731
-3800
-3836
-3807
-3749
-3724
-3576
-3539
-3477
-3318
-3290
-3283
-3187
-2986
-3157
-3115
-3002
-2924
-2991
-3091
-3122
-3053
-2790
-2853
-2749
-3745
-3657
-3721
-3283
-3773
-4170
-4210
-4274
-4318
-4361
-4376
-4365
-4368
-4387
-4410
-4409
-4448
-4533
-4637
-4703
-4803
-4849
-4893
-4901
-4882
-4835
-4758
-4667
-4664
-4646
-4631
-4679

-11443
-11408
-11394
-11387
-11359
-11333
-11313
-11230
-11109
-11031
-10965
-10912
-10878
-10732
-10826
-10746
-10655
-10657
-10711
-10695
-10679
-10637
-10593
-10596
-10632
-10665
-10641
-10627
-10387
-10737
-11023
-11071
-11136
-11185
-11243
-11281
-11298
-11322
-11336
-11353
-11361
-11413
-11514
-11620
-11709
-11814
-11881
-11926
-11942
-11935
-11903
-11864
-11809
-11811
-11809
-11809
-11834

26
10
8
4
2
5
22
3
5
1
3
5
10
6
30
12
18
4
4
12
17
26
67
63
16
65
53
53
37
33
38
25
60
41
72
67
33
11
13
31
37
30
6
25
4
27
2
2
2
2
5
18
2
1
1
0
1

80D
67D
66D
61D
58D
61D
74D
56D
61D
54D
58D
63D
63D
56D
82D
64D
68D
49D
48D
60D
68D
75D
109D
107D
60D
147D
130D
133D
104D
110D
124D
111D
146D
127D
159D
155D
122D
102D
107D
129D
137D
131D
108D
130D
108D
133D
109D
112D
114D
117D
123D
135D
120D
123D
126D
129D
140D

-11447
-11424
-11410
-11409
-11384
-11355
-11324
-11258
-11131
-11060
-10991
-10933
-10898
-10760
-10828
-10765
-10670
-10691
-10747
-10717
-10694
-10645
-10568
-10573
-10658
-10594
-10588
-10570
-10361
-10704
-10975
-11035
-11066
-11134
-11161
-11202
-11253
-11297
-11306
-11301
-11301
-11359
-11483
-11568
-11679
-11759
-11849
-11892
-11905
-11896
-11859
-11807
-11767
-11767
-11762
-11759
-11772

717
726
731
721
736
755
775
831
947
1008
1070
1117
1139
1271
1194
1245
1327
1294
1227
1246
1259
1297
1378
1379
1330
1351
1361
1385
1603
1273
1009
962
946
888
872
842
802
767
768
785
797
748
634
559
461
392
312
281
280
300
348
411
462
471
487
501
499

WC215
WC216
WC217
WC218
WC219
WC220
WC221
WC222
WC223
WC224
WC225
WC226
WC227
WC228
WC229
WC230

36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36

4612
4616
4624
4628
4629
4626
4629
5736
5747
5753
5758
5763
5769
5774
5780
5786

114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114
114

5187
5201
5211
5223
5236
5252
5252
5534
5558
5570
5581
5593
5604
5616
5628
5639

20953
20965
21032
21066
21184
21271
21312
26299
26342
26459
26389
26245
26125
26046
26042
26195

97964080
97964080
97964045
97964060
97964049
97964092
97964085
97960382
97960444
97960410
97960509
97960664
97960791
97960899
97960943
97960868

22

-4683
-4678
-4661
-4620
-4521
-4392
-4365
-4980
-4893
-4826
-4800
-4788
-4782
-4756
-4724
-4664

-11829
-11828
-11834
-11805
-11747
-11647
-11634
-13949
-13878
-13850
-13800
-13739
-13692
-13639
-13606
-13598

1
2
1
3
27
100
80
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1

149D
160D
158D
168D
204D
303D
275D
62D
62D
62D
63D
64D
64D
65D
66D
65D

-11760
-11747
-11755
-11715
-11622
-11424
-11439
-13982
-13910
-13883
-13832
-13769
-13722
-13667
-13634
-13627

523
547
551
601
704
911
898
-735
-643
-607
-550
-478
-421
-355
-314
-297