1 JMD

29/04/2009

Gordon Kappelhoff

Monitoring and Analysis Using

Pressure

2 JMD
29/04/2009

Basic down hole pressure readings

Shut down production for Static logs

ESP under-load and over-load settings

Fluid Shots to determine fluid level and calculate bottom hole

pressures

The Traditional Way..

3 JMD
29/04/2009

Watercut
Flowrate
Pump performance
THP
Reservoir Pressure

Broken shaft

Stuck Pump
Gas

Shut in (zero flow)

Voltage change

& Productivity Index

Insensitive

Sensitive

When we think of monitoring ESPs, we often talk

about overload or underload what are we really
We mean current?
talking about?

4 JMD
29/04/2009

Amps constant and THP droppingwhats happening?

Amps insensitive..

5 JMD
29/04/2009

Pressure shows more..now what is happening?

6 JMD
29/04/2009

Pi const

50%

Increasing watercut

Pwf

90%

Two pressures even better..

Pd

7 JMD
29/04/2009

Pi

Pd -

Pi

Pd

Pump flowrate vs head curve

Fluid density

Reservoir pressure, Well productivity,

Pd, Pump performance, Flowrate,

dependent)

THP, Fluid density, Friction (Flowrate

Controlled by

What pressures tell us..

Recirculation

Flowrate

Pump Wear

Pr and or PI

Watercut

Used to validate

800

600

400

200

8 JMD
29/04/2009

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

True Vertical Depth (m TVD)

0
Pressure (bara)

100

150

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

200

600

800

1,000

1,200

Head (50 Hz)

Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Head w/corr. factors
Head at op. freq.
Range (min/max)
Op. Point

Average pump flowrate (rm /day)

400

we have a problem.what is the problem?

50

PRES

Res. pressure

Measured data

Provide preliminary indication that says:

Modelling can ..

Total head (m)

9 JMD
29/04/2009

Pump not providing

correct head (lost
stages or wear)?
Water cut wrong?
THP wrong?
Flowrate measurement
wrong?
High viscosity?
..which is it?
800

600

400

200

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

True Vertical Depth (m TVD)

50
Pressure (bara)

100

PRES

Res. pressure

Measured data

150

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

200

600

800

1,000

1,200

Head (50 Hz)

Head (60 Hz)
Head (70 Hz)
Head w/corr. factors
Head at op. freq.
Range (min/max)
Op. Point

Average pump flowrate (rm3/day)

400

Requires analysis skills to say ..

Total head (m)

10 JMD
29/04/2009

Example ..

11 JMD
29/04/2009

Pay attention to pressure and rate

Advice

12 JMD
29/04/2009

If you had to prioritize these, how

would you rank them?

Current Leakage

Vibration

Intake Temperature

Motor Winding Temperature

Discharge Pressure

Intake Pressure

The Phoenix MultiSensor System

Monitoring & Control

13 JMD
29/04/2009

Use the analysis results for optimisation

Validation & Analysis

Protection

Trending

Monitoring

What can we do with this data?

14 JMD
29/04/2009

3029
3027
3026
3031
3024
3023
3033
3029

9:56:55

9:57:16

9:57:36

9:57:57

9:58:17

9:58:38

9:58:58

Pi

9:56:34

Time

4410

4420

4404

4408

4418

4410

4426

4414

Pd

125.6

125.8

125.5

125.8

125.5

125.8

125.8

125.6

Ti

134

134.1

133.8

134

133.8

134.1

134

133.8

Tm

0.262

0.251

0.246

0.231

0.24

0.249

0.253

0.23

Vib

Typical Monitoring Data

0.096

0.099

0.102

0.105

0.101

0.105

0.102

0.1

Cl

PRESSURE (PSI)

Start up 1
40 Hz

Start up 2
40 Hz

15 JMD
29/04/2009

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

03/11/1996 15:50
03/11/1996 16:16
03/11/1996 16:42
03/11/1996 17:09
03/11/1996 17:35

Start up 3
40 Hz
48 Hz
46 Hz
Choke 18%

Shutdown

Discharge Pressure

50 hz choke 40%

Choke 20%

50 Hz 14%choke

Choke gradually
increased to 40%

Motor Temp

Choke 20%

Choke gradually
reduced to 15%

Frequency increased
to 50 HZ,choke to 25%

Start up 5
40 Hz

Data Trending

Intake Pressure

Start up 4
40 Hz

03/11/1996 18:01
03/11/1996 18:27
03/11/1996 19:23
03/11/1996 20:13
03/11/1996 20:40
03/11/1996 21:06
03/11/1996 21:32
03/11/1996 21:58
03/11/1996 22:24
03/11/1996 22:51
03/11/1996 23:17
03/11/1996 23:43
04/11/1996 00:09
04/11/1996 00:36
04/11/1996 01:02
04/11/1996 01:28
04/11/1996 01:54
04/11/1996 02:21
04/11/1996 02:47
04/11/1996 03:13
04/11/1996 03:39
04/11/1996 04:05
04/11/1996 04:32
04/11/1996 04:58
04/11/1996 05:24
04/11/1996 05:50

choke 27%

04/11/1996 06:17

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

Intake Temp

04/11/1996 06:43
04/11/1996 07:09
04/11/1996 07:35

TEMPERATURE (F)

Phoenix ESP Monitoring & Protection

MOTOR COOLING & PUMP OFF PROTECTION

Pi(Bar)

Pd(Bar)

Ti(C)

Tm(C)

Time
Vibration(g)

Cl passive(mA)

280
2
270
260
1.8
250
240
230
1.6
220
210
200
1.4
190
180
170
1.2
160
150
140
1
130
120
0.8
110
100
90
0.6
80
70
60
0.4
50
40
30
0.2
20
10
0
0
12/12/1998 09:36 12/12/1998 14:24 12/12/1998 19:12 13/12/1998 00:00 13/12/1998 04:48 13/12/1998 09:36 13/12/1998 14:24 13/12/1998 19:12 14/12/1998 00:00

16 JMD
29/04/2009

Pressure Bar & Temperature C

Real Examples !

Vibration g & Current Leakage mA

Pressure

17 JMD
29/04/2009

30
01/12/1999
14:24

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

01/12/1999
14:38

01/12/1999
14:52

Pi(bar)

01/12/1999
15:07

Ti(C)

01/12/1999
15:21

Tm(C)

Time

01/12/1999
15:50

Vibration(g)

01/12/1999
15:36

Monitoring and Protection

Cl passive(mA)

01/12/1999
16:04

Real Examples !

01/12/1999
16:19

01/12/1999
16:33

0
01/12/1999
16:48

0.5

1.5

2.5

Temperature, Vibration,Current Leakage

Pressure

18 JMD
29/04/2009

0
01/12/1999
14:24

50

100

150

200

250

01/12/1999
14:38

01/12/1999
14:52

Pi(bar)

Ti(C)

01/12/1999
15:07

Tm(C)

01/12/1999
15:21

Pd(bar)

Time

01/12/1999
15:36

Vibration(g)

01/12/1999
15:50

Monitoring and Protection

01/12/1999
16:19

Cl passive(mA)

01/12/1999
16:04

Real Examples !

01/12/1999
16:33

0
01/12/1999
16:48

0.5

1.5

2.5

Temperature, Vibration,Current Leakage

Pressure Bar & Temperature C

19 JMD
29/04/2009

260
250
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
22-Dec-98

22-Dec-98

23-Dec-98

Pd(Bar)

23-Dec-98

Pi(Bar)

Ti(C)

24-Dec-98

Tm(C)

Time

24-Dec-98

25-Dec-98

Vibration(g)

Monitoring and Protection

Real Examples

Cl passive(mA)

25-Dec-98

26-Dec-98

0.0
26-Dec-98

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Vibration g & Current Leakage mA

Pressure (Bar)

20 JMD
29/04/2009

0
10/7/00 00:00:00

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Pi(psi)

10/7/00 04:48:00

Pd(psi)

Cl active(mA)

Ti(C)

10/7/00 19:12:00
Date and Time

10/7/00 14:24:00

Cl passive(mA)

10/7/00 09:36:00

Monitoring and protection

Tm(C)

11/7/00 04:48:00

Vibration(g*100)

11/7/00 00:00:00

Real Examples !

0
11/7/00 09:36:00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Temperature (C), Vibration (g*10)

21 JMD
29/04/2009

Pi (BAR)

Ti (C)

Tm (C)

Time
Vib (g)

Cl-p (mA)

20/12/99
00:00

0
19/12/99
00:00

0.5

20

18/12/99
00:00

40

17/12/99
00:00

1.5

60

16/12/99
00:00

80

15/12/99
00:00

2.5

100

14/12/99
00:00

120

13/12/99
00:00

3.5

140

12/12/99
00:00

160

11/12/99
00:00

4.5

180

10/12/99
00:00

200

Phoenix Monitoring & Protection Log

NO MOTOR TEMPERATURE PROTECTION

Real Examples

Vibration,Current Leakage

Pressure, Temperature

1200
0.25

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

22 JMD
29/04/2009

Pump Delta Pressure (psia)

125.25

250.25

375.25

500.25

deltaP(psi)

625.25

Time

750.25

1000.25

Vibration (g)

875.25

Proactive Analysis

1125.25

1250.25

Estimated
Point of
failure

1375.25

10

15

20

25

30

Critical Delta P
required to 40
produce flow for
motor cooling35

Proactive Analysis Example

Vibration (g)

Gas Breakout

Heavy Fluid Slugs

23 JMD
29/04/2009

High Flow Conditions

Low Flow Conditions

Low / High Trip Upthrust / Downthrust

Delta Pressure

Closed Valves

High Trip protect against Shut In

Discharge Pressure

Low Fluid Level

Low Trip protect against Pump Off

Intake Pressure

Pressure Protection

Recirculation

24 JMD
29/04/2009

Low Flow

High Load

Anything that will cause the motor to heat

High Trip protect excessive Motor Temp

Motor Winding Temperature

High Trip protect excessive Intake Temp

Intake Temperature

Temperature Protection

Warning of Mechanical Wear

Resonance Frequency Fine Tuning

25 JMD
29/04/2009

High Pump Heat (MLE)

Resistance Breakdown

Phase to Ground Warning

High Alarm Electrical System Deterioration

Current Leakage

High Solids Production

High Alarm Submersible Pump Mechanical Damage

Vibration

Vibration & Current Leakage

26 JMD
29/04/2009

and avoidable!

Getting it Wrong

Pump

27 JMD
29/04/2009

Perforations

Depth

Wellhead

1.

Pressure

1.
BELOW THE PUMP
Pwf = Pintake +
Pgravity +
Pfriction
Pwf = Pr (Q / PI)

ACROSS THE PUMP

Pintake = Pdischarge -
Ppump

ABOVE THE PUMP

Pdischarge = WHP +
Pgravity +
Pfriction

1.

Process of diagnosis

28 JMD
29/04/2009

for the following cases

1. Well head valve closed pump continues to operate
2. Frequency change 50 60 hz
3. Broken Shaft Between Pump and Protector
4. Pump wear
5. Hole in Tubing

Exercise.
Draw
i) Gradient plot
ii) Pump curve
iii) Trend over time of P Discharge & P intake
iv) Amp Chart

ESP Diagnosis