TERM PAPER ON

CLOUD COMPUTING
AND GOOGLES ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD

SUBMITTED BY: NEIL MATHEW A2324710002 Y-3305 - 3CS4

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR B.TECH. DEGREE.

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: DR. AMBRINA SARDAR KHAN, AIES

DATE: JULY 25TH 2011

Ack knowledgement

I am indebt to my mentor, Dr. Amb ted brina Sardar Khan, r for her guidance and whole hearte support in the making o this term pa g ed of aper. so nk ar, Id als like to than Mr. Kamal kant Ahirwa for helping me find a su g uitable topic f this term p for paper.

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Cert tificate

This is to certify tha at Mr Ne Mathew eil Stude of B.Tech in Computer Science Engineering (Dep ent partment) e nted in the pro oject of the Te paper entitled erm has carried out the work presen TING AND GO OOGLES AD DVANCEMEN IN THE FIE NT ELD CLOUD COMPUT p ear o y r gineering as a part of First ye program of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science Eng from Amity School of Engineerin and Techn A ng nology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh y N P under my supervision. r

mbrina Sarda Khan ar Dr. Am Department of Env vironmental Sciences S , AIES, Noida.

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Table of Con ntents

Ackno owledgement ......................................... t ...................... .......................................... ..................... 2 Certificate....................................................... ...................... ..................... 3 .......................................... Table of Contents .......................................... e ...................... ..................... 4 .......................................... Table of Figures ............................................. e ...................... ..................... 5 .......................................... Abstra .......................................................... act ...................... ..................... 6 .......................................... Introd duction .................................................... ...................... ..................... 7 .......................................... Histor of Cloud Co ry omputing........................... ...................... ..................... 8 .......................................... The Past .................................................... e ...................... ..................... 8 .......................................... The Present ............................................... e ...................... ................... 1 10 .......................................... Archit tecture of Clo Computing................... oud ...................... ................... 1 11 .......................................... Types of Cloud Co s omputing: ........................... ...................... ................... 1 13 .......................................... Cla assification ba ased on locati of the clou ................. ion ud ................... 1 13 .......................................... Cla assification ba ased upon service provided ................... d ................... 1 14 .......................................... Googles Cloud .............................................. ...................... ................... 1 16 .......................................... ...................... ................... 1 17 Google Apps .............................................. .......................................... gine ................................... ...................... ................... 2 20 Google App Eng .......................................... eived Disadva antages of Clo Computin .................. oud ng ................... 2 21 Perce .......................................... Concl lusion ..................................................... ...................... ................... 2 22 .......................................... Refer rences .................................................... ...................... ................... 2 23 .......................................... Index .............................................................. x ...................... ................... 2 24 ..........................................

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Table of Figu ures

e omputing........................... ...................... .......................................... ..................... 7 Figure 1 : Cloud Co Figure 2 : Grid Com e mputing ............................. ...................... ..................... 8 .......................................... Figure 3 : Time Share Computin ................. e ng ...................... ..................... 9 .......................................... Figure 4 : Evolution of Hosting ...................... e n ...................... ................... 1 10 .......................................... Figure 5 : Architect e ture of Cloud Computing .. ...................... ................... 1 11 .......................................... Figure 6 : Cloud Ar e rchitecture ......................... ...................... ................... 1 12 .......................................... Figure 7 : Types of Cloud Comp e f puting ............ ...................... ................... 1 13 .......................................... Figur 8 : Cloud Classification ...................... re C ...................... ................... 1 15 .......................................... Figure 9 : Cloud Co e ompanies .......................... ...................... ................... 1 16 .......................................... Figure 10 : Google Cloud Servic e e ces................ ...................... ................... 1 17 .......................................... Figure 11 : Google Apps................................ e e ...................... ................... 1 18 .......................................... Figure 12 : Google AppEngine ...................... e e ...................... ................... 2 20 .......................................... Figure 13 : Pros & Cons ................................ e ...................... ................... 2 21 ..........................................

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Abs stract
e r computer to another has evolved int s to What started off as a simple file transfer from one c ch something so muc more elaborate. Cloud Computing iis a concept of running processes on a te cessed from a local devic using the i nternet. This "process" ca extend from ce an remot system acc simple data storage and retrieva to running applications. It means con e al nsumers can buy cheap bits of technology that is completely dependent on an outside source for all of its useful applications. y o Those applications for which most people use computer the most a all online now, and yo e s m u rs are ou need no more than a tablet to access them Most peoplle in fact no longer need anything mor m. re or mplete. than a thin client fo their digital life to be com Also, data and applications, being online can be a a e, accessed fro om anywhere Even mor e. re nating is the ability to simultaneously work on the s w same project from different parts of th t he fascin world. Google Doc a cloud serv c, vice by Googl shows us jjust that. le, t loud computin has develloped over th years, a b ng he brief idea of its This term paper covers how cl archit tecture, its various classific cations and services, and how Google has become the leader an nd pioneer of cloud co omputing.

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Intro oduction
ad g ail ead er Instea of sending a snail mail which could take weeks, a single ema could be re in a matte of sec conds. Even with a simple connection, exchange of iinformation co w e ould be done easily throug gh the internet. use creasing capa ability of the internet, deve elopers have looked beyo informatio ond on Becau of the inc sharin Certain fu ng. unctions in desktop could now be do d d one online. O Office docum ments could b be uploaded and extra acted or even worked on at the same tim online. Da processin is not limite n a me ata ng ed e c nline connectiivity has made it possible t to anymore to your desktop as the increasing capacity of on emula or even su ate urpass local data processin d ng. In gist cloud comp t, puting is all ab bout implementing process online instea in your loc gadget. s ad cal

Figure1 :CloudComput ting

Comp putation and storage is divided amon the remot computers in order to handle larg d ng te s o ge volum of both, th the client need not pur mes hus t rchase expen nsive hardwar or software to handle th re e he task. The outcome of the processing task is returned to th client over the network, dependent o e he r on peed of the In nternet connec ction. the sp Cloud computing represents a new way, in some cases a better and cheaper way of deliverin d r y, ng enterp prise IT, but it not as easy as it sounds t's s. Althou everyone agreed that cloud service such as Am ugh e es mazon Web S Services, Goo ogle Apps, an nd Sales sforce.com CR have beco RM ome bona fide enterprise o options, there were also questions about e privac data security, industry standards, ve cy, s endor lock-in, and high-performing apps that have ye s et to be vaporized as cloud service es. CLOUD COMPUTING AND GOOGLES ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIE E ELD 7|Page

Hist tory of Cl loud Com mputing

Cloud computing can be traced as far as the 1960s when the American computer s d c e scientist name ed John McCarthy sta ated that computing will become a publi cly available service in the future. This is e ed c ting has made it all possib The advan e ble. ntages it offers what has happene today and cloud comput satile service and cost-e e, effective mea ans of obtaining computin ng such as ease of access, vers ces e ry e of servic has made it highly prevalent in the contemporary times especially with the outpouring o developments in co omputer technology.

The Past
Decad ago, the structure of in des s nformation tec chnology was intensely int the use of m s to mainframes. Super rcomputers and mainframes are not bo a ought solely a one packa rather the are create as age ey ed by connecting several hundreds to thousand of central p s ds processing units (CPU) so that they ca o an e ng ves to get t the result fa aster. divide computing tasks amon themselv Also to make a o, super rcomputer or mainframe work, it is not enough to ha CPUs lyin around but they must b w ave ng be interc connected usi ing specific technologies, such as a n t network, so t that they can communicat n te with each other and work as one bigger unit to perform a common task (Grid Computing). e k

Figure2 2:GridComputi ing

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Anoth traditional form of co her omputing was followed kn s nown as tim sharing w me where a set o of expen nsive resources is shared among a larg set of use rs simultaneo ger ously. That is, several users were allowed to run several tasks concu urrently on o one processo or in para or allel on man ny essors, usually providing each user wit his or her own termina for input an output. Th e th al nd he proce cost of such metho was very high. o ods

Figure3:T TimeShareComp puting

John McCarthy st tated that com mputer time-sharing tech nology might lead to a fu t uture in whic ch a ecific applicat tions could be sold through the utility b e business model computing power and even spe w dea puter or inform mation utility ( (Utility Compu uting) was very (like water or electricity). This id of a comp popular in the late 1960s, but faded by the mid-1970s as it becam clear that the hardware e e me e, are ns ies e y softwa and telecommunication technologi of the time were simply not ready. Cloud computing is an innovati for this ki of service as it transla d ion ind e ates the use of mainframe es into client-server re elationships of modern technology. o

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Althou it is safe to say that th concept of cloud compu ugh he f uting is not ne it was no possible until ew, ot the gr rowth of inter rnet. One of the first comp t puter concep was interc pts connection. N Naturally, if tw wo computers are con nnected, the next step for them is to share resour r rces. Furtherm more, the ide ea ually evolved from grid computing and virtualiza a ation to toda ays highly c complex clou ud gradu computing technolo ogy.

Figure4:EvolutionofHo osting

The Present
Today massive computing can be done with utility of the service offered by a provider tha y, c w at specia alizes on this industry. It usually involv the infras s u ves structure where computing is performed g d, the pl latform requir to execut it, and the storage med such as a database in red te dia nfrastructure t to keep information. Now, cloud co N omputing is able to manag all of these resources e a ge e efficiently and it e e-queue user who share t cloud. rs the is able to properly queue and de The emergent dem e mands with in ncreasing use base resullted in high le er evels of automation, use o of standardized commodity hardw ware, a focu on homog us geneity, etc. ed etitive. neede scale, cost-efficiency, and agility to be compe servers per headco ount. CLOUD COMPUTING AND GOOGLES ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIE E ELD 10 | P a g e 0 ernet busines ss Large Inte Goo ogle has 1 M Million server rs.

Amaz zon.com relea ases new co ode thousands of times p day. Mic per crosoft runs 2 2,000 physic cal

Architecture of Cloud Comput e d ting

In a cloud computing system, th c here's a signif ficant workloa shift. Loca computers n longer hav ad al no ve to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running appl ications. The network of c y e computers tha at d em H the user's sid de make up the cloud handles the instead. Hardware an d software demands on t ease. The only thing the user's compu u uter needs to be able to r o run is the clo oud computin ng decre system interface software, wh m's hich can be as simple as a Web brows ser, and the c cloud's network takes care of the re est.

Figure5:Archite F ectureofCloud Computing

When talking abou a cloud com n ut mputing syste it's helpfu to divide it into two sec em, ul ctions: the front end and the back end. They co a onnect to eac other throu ch ugh a networ usually the Internet. Th rk, e he front end is the sid the comput user, or cl e de ter lient, sees. Th back end is the "cloud" section of th he " he system m. The front end inclu udes the client's device (o computer n or network) and the applicati required t ion to ss s tems have th same use he er acces the cloud computing system. Not all cloud co mputing syst interfa ace. Services like Web-based e-mail pr s rograms lever rage existing Web browse like Interne ers et Explo orer or Firefo Other sys ox. stems have unique applic u cations that p provide netw work access t to clients s. On the back end of the system are the various computers servers and data storage systems tha o s, d at e " ng uting system could includ de create the "cloud" of computin services. In theory, a cloud compu practically any co omputer prog gram you can imagine, f n from data pr rocessing to video games. lly, ave edicated serv ver. Usual each application will ha its own de CLOUD COMPUTING AND GOOGLES ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIE E ELD 11 | P a g e 1

A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and c client deman nds to ensur re ything runs sm moothly. It fo ollows a set of rules calle protocols a o ed and uses a s special kind o of every softwa called middleware. Middleware allo are ows networke computers to communic ed s cate with eac ch other. .

Figure6: :CloudArchitec cture

The success of cloud compu uting is largely based o the effec on ctive impleme entation of its tecture. In clo computing, architectur is not just based on ho the applic oud re ow cation will work archit with the intended users. Cloud computing requires an intricate inte t d eraction with the hardwar re which is very essential to ensure uptime of th application h e he n.

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Types of Clo Comp oud puting:

d s Cloud computing is typically classified in two ways: 1. Location of the cloud co o omputing

2. Type of se ervices offered d

Clas ssification based on location of the cloud l f d

Cloud computing is typically classified in the following thre ways: d s ee Public cloud: In Public cloud the computing infrastructu is hosted by the cloud vendor at th P t ure d he ors premises The custo s. omer has no visibility an control o o nd over where t the computin ng vendo infrastructure is ho osted. The com mputing infras structure is sh hared betwee any organizations. en he g re ed zation and no ot Private cloud: Th computing infrastructur is dedicate to a partiicular organiz ed r ns. ore ve e en share with other organization Private clouds are mo expensiv and more secure whe compared to public clouds. c id anizations ma host critica applications on private c ay al s clouds and ap pplications wit th Hybri cloud Orga relativ vely less secu urity concerns on the publi cloud. The usage of bot private and public cloud s ic th d ds togeth is called hybrid cloud. A related term is Cloud Bursting. In C her Cloud burstin organizatio ng on use th own com heir mputing infrast tructure for no ormal usage, but access t cloud for high/peak loa the ad requir rements. This ensures that a sudde increase in computing requireme en ent is handle ed grace efully. Comm munity cloud involves sh d haring of computing infrast tructure in be etween organ nizations of th he same community.

Figure7:Typ pesofCloudCom mputing

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Clas ssification based upo service provided on

Based upon the se d ervices offered clouds are classified in t following ways: d, the Infras structure as a service (IaaS) invol s lves offering hardware r related servic ces using th he principles of cloud computing. These could include som e kind of storage services (database o s or disk storage) or virtual servers Leading vendors that provide Infra s v s. astructure as a service ar re Amaz EC2, Ama zon azon S3, Rac ckspace Cloud Servers and Flexiscale. d d Platfo orm as a Ser rvice (PaaS) involves offe ering a develo opment platfo orm on the cloud. Platform ms provid by differe vendors are typically not compatible Typical pla ded ent a n e. ayers in PaaS are Google S es Applic cation Engine Microsofts Azure, Salesf e, A force.coms fo orce.com . Softw ware as a se ervice (SaaS) includes a complete sof ) ftware offerin on the clo ng oud. Users ca an acces a software application hosted by the cloud vend or on pay-pe ss e h e er-use basis. This is a wellestablished sector The examp r. ples are online email proviiders like Googles gmail a and Microsof fts hotma and Google docs. ail,

a cation is well accepted in the industry. H However, a m more granular classification n The above classific on the basis of ser e rvice are listed below: d i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. Storage-as s-a-service Database-as-a-service Information n-as-a-service e Process-as s-a-service Application n-as-a-service e Platform-a as-a-service Integration n-as-a-service e Security-as s-a-service Manageme ent/Governan nce-as-a-serv vice Testing-as s-a-service Infrastructu ure-as-a-serv vice

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Figure8:CloudClassifica ation

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Goo ogles Clo oud

m dreds of thou usands, or by some estim y mates 1 million, Googles Cloud is a network made of hund cheap servers, ea p ach not much more powe h erful than the PCs we ha e ave in our ho omes. It store es staggering amounts of data, in ncluding num merous copies of the Wor Wide Web This make s rld b. es ch ping ferret out answers to billions of que b eries in a fract tion of a seco ond. searc faster, help Unlike many traditional superco e omputers, Google's system never ages. When its ind m dividual piece es die, usually after about three ye a ears, enginee pluck them out and rep ers m place them w new, faste with er boxes This means the cloud regenerates as it grows, alm s. s s most like a livin thing. ng A move towards clouds signals a fundamental shift in h c s how Google h handles infor rmation. At th he most basic level, it's the compu uting equivale of the evo ent olution in electricity a century ago whe en farms and busines s sses shut dow their own generators a wn and bought p power instead from efficient d indust trial utilities. Companies and research organization s may eventu a ually hand of most of the ff eir high-level computin tasks to globe-spanning network of s ng g servers know as "clouds" wn ". i Google as of now is dominating the field.

Figure9 :CloudCompan nies

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Google offers a wi array of efficient servic to million of consume so cheap or, in som ide e ces ns ers ply, me s, ee. cases even for fre Below is a list and brief descrip w d ption of the Google Cloud Services tha can be consumed by a G d at an individ dual, small of ffice home off fice (SOHO), or a micro bu usiness to ac chieve the des sired efficienc cy in day to day activities. y

Figure10:G GoogleCloudSe ervices

Google Apps
In the Software as a Service (Sa e aaS) space Google is a pio G oneer. Google's services in this space are lis sted below. Goog gle's Gmail offers users to host their emails on Go o t oogle servers besides pr s, roviding a we eb interfa to access them. Gmail is free for in ace s ndividuals. Fo business u or users, Google offers "Gma e ail for bu usiness". Goog Docs is a web-based software for bu gle s uilding docum ments. It has t functional to build text the lity docum ments, spreadsheets and presentation The featu set of Go ns. ure oogle docs is smaller tha s an those of Microsoft Office, and many of the complex featu m c ures are miss sing. The important feature es ll gh ullet points, basic fonts an text size. T look-andb nd The -feel is easy t to are al there thoug - tables, bu use, and office use find the in a ers nterface familiar. Setting u Google Do is pretty s up ocs straightforwar rd and only takes min o nutes. A usefu feature of Google docs iis that it allow multiple us ul G ws sers to edit an nd updat the same document, a blessing in this age of coll aboration and multi-geogr te d b d raphy teams. It is also possible to view the chan history of documents. Google docs can import a export file o nge f s and es as Mi icrosoft Office format, PDF text and OpenOffice ex e F, O xtensions. Go oogle Docs a also included a spellc checker and it free to use ts e.

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Goog gle Calendar is a brow wser based scheduler. Its feature set is rich and include es daily/w weekly/month view, mult hly tiple calendar for a user, and ability to search events. Upcomin rs o ng event reminders can be recei t c ived via SMS desktop p S, pop-ups or e emails. Google calendar is acces ssible from mobile devices - iPhones, BlackBerries and Windows Mobile. It is also possible s B s s to sha your cale are endar with oth Google calendar users By using g her s. gears it is possible to get a read-o only view of Google calend offline. G dar Picas is a free Google tool to edit images. Picasa allow you to upl sa G o . ws load and share images an nd videos on Googles data centers Editing feat s s. tures include red eye detec ction. Picasa provides 1 G GB asa s ch to of diskspace. Pica has features to add tags to images and allows users to attac locations t photo using Goog Maps. os gle Goog Groups allows users to host discu gle a ussion forums Google Gr s. roups allow u users to creat te messages online or via email. Access to Goo o A ogle Groups iis completely free. Messag are hoste y ges ed oogles data center. on Go

Figure11:GoogleApp ps

r s Other Google Apps include: Page Speed Online is for th web mast he ters. It analy yzes the con ntent of a we page, the eb en rates suggest tions to make that page fas ster. gener Goog Places is the new Yello Pages, bu unlike the Y gle ow ut Yellow Pages its free to b s businesses an nd online e.

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Goog Checkout is an online payment proc gle t cessing servic provided b Google. It c be used t ce by can to buy and later renew a custom domain or to donate to the Japanese R Cross Soc a d d e Red ciety (Tsunam mi and Earthquake re E elief fund). Googles fraud pro otection policy covers you against any u nauthorized p y a purchases. gle Y e o ublicly access sible profile in Goog Profile: You can use your Google account to create a pu Google Profile. gle aces, get driv ving direction and explo street-level ns ore Goog Maps: A service used to find pla image ery. Goog Translate: Translate is a free machi translation service sup gle s ine n pporting 50 lan nguages. Webm master Tools This is an absolutely free tool for web s: a e bmasters. Goog Trends: As the name suggests its a service to determine th frequency of a particula gle A he ar searc term on we ch eb. Goog Alerts: Go gle oogle Alerts is a monitorin service, yo online pos ng our stman who du utifully delivers email updates of the latest rele t evant Google results (we b, news, etc.) based on y e your choice o of y. query Goog Reader: Read your fav gle R vorite blogs/we ebsites all in one place on Google Reader. n iGoog gle: A custom mizable Ajax-based start page or perso p onal web port - with a ha tal andy drag an nd drop interface you can organize news, photo weather a stuff from your favorit blogs at on i e os, and m te ne place. gle his omated news aggregator. According to Wikipedia, the service is s Goog News: Th is an auto availa able in 19 lang guages. at Blogg ger: Regular readers of th blog may be aware tha this blog is hosted on Blogger with a his s custom domain. gle ndividual or micro business can have th website on free Google Site. m s heir e Goog Site: An in AdWo ords: Explore this if you want to adverti your prod uct on differe websites o blogs. e w ise ent or AdSe ense: Its the most popular contextual ad r dvertising sys stem on the In nternet. Youtu ube: A Video sharing site acquired by Google in Nov a G vember 2006. .

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Google App En ngine

In the Platform as a Service (Pa e aaS) space, Google is a m arket leader. G Google AppEngine is a develop platform that uses fam e per t miliar technolo ogies to build and host we eb cations. With App Engine one writes th heir applicatio code, test it on their local machin on ts ne applic and uploads it to Google with a simple click of a butt u ton or command line scri ipt. Once you ur applic cation is uploa aded, Google will host and scale the a e d application. Google takes c care of system admin nistration, buy ying machines and restrict s tive sharing o databases. All of maintenance is take of en care of. o Google App Engine is free, but only up to a certain level o used resources. c of

Figure12 :GoogleAppEn ngine

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Perc ceived Di isadvanta ages of Cloud Com C mputing

Figure13:Pros&Con ns

Becau cloud computing does not allow users to phys use s u sically posses the storage of their dat ss ta (the exception bein the possib e ng bility that data can be bac ked up to a u a user-owned s storage device e, such as a USB flas drive or ha disk) it do leave res sh ard oes sponsibility of data storage and control in e ands of the pr rovider. the ha Cloud computing has been criticized for limiting the freedom of users and making them d c f depen ndent on the cloud comput ting provider, and some cr ritics have alleged that it is only possible s to use application or services that the pr ns rovider is wi lling to offer. tasks. Overall, it lim mited both fre eedom and cre eativity. o tant issues in cloud comp n puting that ne eeds to be a addressed is that once yo ou One of the import upload your data to a cloud com o mputing servic provider, y lose contr over your d ce you rol data, and if th he xperiencing problems, you may not be able to acces your data a p u ss at computing service provider is ex S ud g cause users sacrifice their privacy an nd all. Similarly, clou computing endangers liberties bec perso onal data to a third party. The key to using cloud hosting safely is finding a resp k ponsible prov vider that pro ovides back-u up progra ams so your online data ca also be sto o an ored in-house e. Typically, users had n no om eded approva from admin al nistrators to a achieve certain freedo to install new applications and nee

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Con nclusion
d g as nefits, such as reduced cost s Cloud computing is the next big wave in computing. It ha many ben (using a free or pa g ay-per-use se ervice), increa ased storage (it is not limiited by personal hardware e), flexibi ility, more mobility (info m ormation can be access n sed from an nywhere with an interne h et conne ection), and th freedom it gives users to no longer w he t worry about hardware and maintenance e. We also saw that cloud comput c ting is not a new concept. It was perceived once bef n fore in the past but limitations in technology and lack of proper widea -scale interco onnectivity b brought it to a standstill. However with the gro r, owth of the internet and co ombining vario forms of computing lik ous ke time-s share computing, utility co omputing and grid compu d uting, cloud c computing ha evolved int as to this eras new big thing. t ral anies such as Google, Mic s crosoft, Sun a even Am and mazon have th capability o he of Sever big compa provid ding services instead of directly selling the softwar to the use Google in particular ha d g re er. as domin nated this field with its Goo d ogle Apps and Google App d pEngine. There are some down sides as well to clou computing . Certain issu like data security, cos e s ud ues st, and availability will always be a concern but with time, cloud servic providers c a ce continue to b be more capable and reliable. e e more portable and less po e owerful device es In the near future, cloud computing will pave the way for m to be produced cap pable of emul lating superco omputers give they have a solid intern connection en net n.

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Refe erences

Articles: 1. Guide To Cloud Co omputing, By Richard Martiin, J. Nicholas Hoover R s (Inform mationWeek.c com) 2. Is Goo ogle Too Pow werful?, By Ro Hof (Busine ob essweek.com m) 3. What Cloud Compu C uting Really Means, By Ga M alen Gruman , Eric Knorr (I Infoworld.com) m

Books: 4. Enterp prise Cloud Co omputing : Te echnology, Ar rchitecture, A Application, By Gautam Shroff y o mputing, By JD Lasica D 5. Identity in the Age of Cloud Com

Websites: 6. Exfors sys.com: Train ning on techn nical aspects - Cloud Comp puting 7. Howst tuffworks.com Cloud Computing m: 8. News.cnet.com: Clo Computin Evolution oud ng rmotion.com: Cloud Computing History 9. Server 10. Wikipe edia.com: Grid Computing, Utility Comp d , puting

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Inde ex

A
Amazo on Amazo on.com 7, 10, 14, 22 2 10 0

M
main frames Micro osoft midd leware 8, 9 10, 17, 2 22 1 12

C
Cloud Bursting Comm munity cloud 13 3 13 3

P
Platfo as a Service (PaaS) orm Priva cloud ate Publiic cloud 14, 2 20 1 13 1 13

G
Google 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22 , 2 C 5, 8, 23 3 Grid Computing

S
Sales sforce Softw ware as a serviice (SaaS) SOH O Sun ercomputers Supe 7, 1 14 1 14 1 17 2 22 8

H
Hybrid cloud d 13 3

I
Infrast tructure as a se ervice (IaaS) 14 4

T
Time sharing e 9

J
John McCarthy M 8, 9

U
Utility Computing y 9, 2 23

CLOUD COMPUTING AND GOOGLES ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIE E ELD

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