THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

OVERVIEW WHAT IS A CAT ? HOW RELIABLE IS A CAT ? WHAT FEATURES DOES A CAT HAVE ? CAT COMPARED TO OTHER TURBINE CONCEPTS TWO CATS IN SCANDINAVIA CONCLUSION
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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

WHAT IS A CAT ? CAT = Compact Axial Turbine Part of modularized `Compact Hydro Turbine programme Turbine concept for small and medium size HPP

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

WHAT IS A CAT ? Application range: heads from 6m up to approx. 30m flows up to 65 m3/s Competes with: S-Turbines and vertical directcoupled Kaplan Turbines
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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

HOW RELIABLE IS A CAT ? First CAT sold 1987 in Spain CAT as Compact Hydro concept launched in 1992 Based on model tests from own laboratories 20 CATS sold CATS are running all over the world Biggest CAT with 13 MW operating in Canada

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

WHAT FEATURES DOES A CAT HAVE ? Three options for arrangement

Horizontal arrangement

Slant arrangement
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Vertical arrangement
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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

WHAT FEATURES DOES A CAT HAVE ? modular concept allows fast installation on site

horizontal shaft position usually 4-bearing-arrangement with intermediate shaft and flexible coupling vertical shaft position 3-bearing-arrangement with axial thrust bearing in generator
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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

WHAT FEATURES DOES A CAT HAVE ? water-lubricated radial guide bearing Turbine bulb filled with water advantages for cooling and environment wicket gate guide vanes two-side supported with lubrication-free bushes safety spring element on every second guide vane

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

WHAT FEATURES DOES A CAT HAVE ? Standstill break to stop and hold the turbine after shut-down

coupling to generator usually direct-coupled is preferred coupling via gear box also possible excellent turbine efficiency level over 93% (up to over 94%) possible
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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

CAT COMPARED TO OTHER TURBINE CONCEPTS CAT vs S-Turbine

CIVIL ENGINEERING Horizontal S-Turbine More excavation depth Complicated pattern work for draft tube Generator location above draft tube (possible difficulties if direct-coupled) Horizontal CAT Less excavation depth Simpler pattern work for draft tube Generator location below/beside intake pipe

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

CAT vs S-Turbine
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE Horizontal S-Turbine Difficult access to oil feeder (located in bulb) More complicated runner dismantling (due to removal of the shaft) Horizontal CAT Easier access to oil feeder (located at generator) Easier runner dismantling for CAT

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

CAT vs S-Turbine
EFFICIENCY AND POWER OUTPUT (for the same application) Horizontal S-Turbine Tendency to lower eta and power output bend in draft tube shaft position on draft tube side disturbs flow more Horizontal CAT Tendency to better eta and power output no bend in draft tube shaft position on intake side disturbs flow less

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

CAT vs vertical Kaplan turbine

CIVIL ENGINEERING Vertical Kaplan No major difference in excavation depth (similar draft tube) Wider building and larger volume due to wide spiral Wider building for multi-turbine arrangement Generator located lower Vertical CAT No major difference in excavation depth (similar draft tube) Smaller building Smaller building in a multi-turbine arrangement Generator located higher

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

CAT vs vertical Kaplan turbine

SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE Vertical Kaplan Easy access to generator Difficult access to runner (removal of generator etc.) Vertical CAT Easy access to generator Easy access to runner and wicket gate

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

CAT vs vertical Kaplan turbine

EFFICIENCY AND POWER OUTPUT (for the same application) Vertical Kaplan Tendency to lower eta and power output more bends in flow direction semi-spherical runner housing Vertical CAT Tendency to better eta and power output just one intake bend complete spherical runner housing

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

TWO CATS IN SCANDINAVIA

Kongsfoss in Norway Vertical CAT 1770 Customer: Modum Kraftproduksjon Built in 2003 Flow:22m3/s, Head:15m, Power:2.9 MW Approx. 15 GWh per year

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

TWO CATS IN SCANDINAVIA

Tnger in Sweden Horizontal CAT 1450 Customer: Fortum Built in 2005 Flow:15m3/s,Head:34m,Power:4.6MW Approx. 23 Gwh per year

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THE CAT FROM VA TECH HYDRO

CONCLUSION Compact Axial Turbine Concept is interesting

for small and medium Hydro power plants for head range of approx. 6m to 35m due to its high efficiency level (based on model tests) due to its possibilities with regard to civil engineering

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