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Charles Banks
ENERGY from WASTE Sherkin Island Marine Station 25th Annual Environmental Conference
Thursday 7th and Friday 8th May 2009
Biogas
Digester
Gasometer
SLUDGE IN
Gas mixer
BIODEGRADABLE ORGANIC MATERIAL (CARBOHYDRATES, FATS, PROTEINS) HYDROLYSIS SIMPLE SOLUBLE ORGANICS
ACID FERMENTATION
ACETIC ACID
ACETOGENESIS
ACETIC ACID
METHANOGENESIS
CH4 + CO2
Mesophilic
Thermophilic
One stage
Multi-stage
Instant recognition!
Wet digester Dry digester
thermophilic
mesophilic
Dry digester
BMW
Digester
Recovery or disposal
DRANCO
Kompogas
walking floor
Solid/liquid separation
liquor recirculation
Screen
40 -80mm
Metals 10 kg
Drying
H2O 100-130kg
CO2 80-100 kg
CITEC
Tipping pit Magnetic separator Hammer mill
Flare
Biogas storage
Electricity Compost
DIGESTER
Aerobic maturation
Press
RDF
Metals 30kg
Sand 39kg
BMW 261 kg
Digestion
Digestate 100 kg
Summary
These are all Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) processes in which the biological part is anaerobic Designed to operate with residual or only partially kerbside segregated waste Process is operated at a high organic loading rate In the UK the compost from this sort of plant can not be applied to agricultural land for growing food crops It can be used for land reclamation, landfill cover, as a means of stabilising waste destined for landfill, or for further energy recovery through incineration
Final product
Biogen-Greenfinch
Food waste addition Macerating pump Feed preparation Feed buffer tank Gas Collector CHP
Energy products
Mesophilic digester
Pasteurisation
digestate recycle
Liquor product Separator Fibre product Digestate storage
BDL: below the detection limit. Cd-1mg kg-1 TS, Hg-0.01mg kg-1 TS, Pb-10mg kg-1 TS
Bekon
Mesophilic Mesophilic
CITEC, Kruger Farmatic, Greenfinch, Others OPL Landfill Farm 'bags' Storage tanks and lagoons Dranco, Linde BRV Kompogas None Valorga Valorga None Biocel, Bekon Farm leach bed Landfill bioreactor None BTA
Plug flow
Mesophilic Unmixed Psychrophilic Thermophilic Mesophilic Mixed Thermophilic Mesophilic Thermophilic Batch Percolating Mesophilic Thermophilic
Dry
Inter-phase solids separation Wet Two phase Continuous No inter-phase solids separation
Mesophilic Thermophilic
Mesophilic Inter-phase solids separation Dry Two phase Batch and Continuous No inter-phase solids separation Thermophilic Mesophilic Thermophilic Mesophilic
Citec Dranco
5.0 11.4
Wet complete mix mesophilic Dry vertical plug flow thermophilic Wet complete mix mesophilic Dry horizontal plug flow thermophilic
20 25 25
150 23 (average)
375 kWh surplus heat 750 kWh potential energy 250 kWh electricity Volumetric gas production = 0.83 m3 m-3 50 kWh parasitic heat
50 tonnes /day ODM 8% Volume 1500 m3 30 day HRT Load 2.7 kg ODM m-3 d1
m3
850 kWh surplus heat 1710 kWh potential energy 570 kWh electricity Volumetric gas production = 1.9 m3 m-3 50 kWh parasitic heat
50 tonnes /day food waste 10 tonnes / day ODM 28% biogas potential 160 m3 / tonne Volume 1500 m3 25 day HRT Load 4.5 kg ODM m-3 d1
ODM 8%
Thank you
cjb@soton.ac.uk