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All about Transmission lines http://www.astrosurf.com/luxorion/qsl-transmission-line.htm
We can modelize the current flowing in a feeder using a battery connected to a capacitor.
Thus a transmission line has capacitance. But it as inductance too.
Each inductance charges the following capacitor at some rate, what, at the end of the
chain,establishes the relationship between current and voltage traveling the line. In other words
the transmission line display some resistance, that we conventionally call the characteristic
impedance, represented by the symbol Zo. In a perfect line, offering no resistance, Zo = √(L/C).
However the inductance decreases as the conductor diameter increases while the capacitance
decreases as the spacing between conductors increases. Thus large conductors very closely
spaced will show a relativity low impedance while a thin conductor widely spaced will show a
high impedance. These properties explain why an open-wire feeder displays characteristic
impedance ranging from 200-800 ohms and typical coaxial lines from 40-100 ohms.
Reflection coefficient
If the circuit ends with a resistance not equals to Zo, this additional section does no more
looks like more line to the previous LC section. One said that such a line is mismatched. The
result is that the resistance absorbs only a fraction of the input power, called the incident or
forward power. The remainder is interpreted as reflecting back along the transmission line
toward the source. The greater is this reflected power the greater is the mismatch and the larger
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All about Transmission lines http://www.astrosurf.com/luxorion/qsl-transmission-line.htm
is the percentage of incident power reflected. In the worst cases, in a short-circuit the resistance
is null, and in an open circuit (without terminating resistance to close it) the resistance is
infinite. In both examples all the forward power is reflected and dissipated as heat between the
transmitter PA and the transmission line. In other words not the single milliwatt will reach your
antenna and nobody will hear your signal. But we will see at the end of the next page that
operating this way is really risky.
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Standing waves and SWR
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