BAHASA INGGRIS

MAIN IDEA LESSON 8 THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE : SPECIMENS FOR TESTING -Paragraf 1 : The standard cylinder, 300 mm high by 150 mm in diameter, is the basic specimen used for testing concrete in Australia.

LESSON 9 THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE : CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH -Paragraf 1 : The compressive strength of a standard concrete cylinder, prepared and cured for 28 day in accordance with AS 1020, is used as the prime means of determining the quality of a given batch of concrete. -Paragraf 2 : The inevitable variability of test results means that statistical methods must be applied in order to obtain a measure of the concrete strength for design purposes.

LESSON 10 THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE : TENSILE TEST FOR CONRETE - Paragraf 1 : For certain aspects of design it is necessary to obtain the measure of the tensile strength of concrete. -Paragraf 2 : The modulus of rupture test is carried out on a standard small beam of crosssection 150 x 150 mm and length 700 mm, which is supported over a span of 600 mm (Fig. 1.5a). -Paragraf 3 : The cylinder-splitting test is so-called because a concrentrated line load is applied to the sylindrical specimen laid on edge, producing a tensile stress across the vertical diameter of the specimen (Fig. 1.5b).
YOGA ADINATA H1A107450

BAHASA INGGRIS

LESSON 11 THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE : SHEAR, ELASTICITY, AND CONCRETE DENSITY 11. 1 Pure shear strength Pure shear strength is encountered only when beding is not present of is very small. Such as in keyways and on boding planes between surfaces. 11. 2 Modulus of elasticity (Ec) Strictly speaking, concrete does not have an elastic modulus; this is because, as for any elastoplastic materials, stress is not proportional to strain over a large part of the stress range obtained in tests. 11. 4 Poissons ratio (v) Poissons is the ratio of transverse to longitudinal strain, under axial load or stress, within the elastic range. 11. 5 Modular ratio (n) The modular ratio, designated by n, is the ratio of the elastic modulus for steel to the modulus adopted for a particular grade of concrete. 11. 6 Concrete density Concrete density, utilizing normal weight aggregates, varies from 2300 to 2500 kg/m3 when reinforced, and an average figure of 2400 kg/m3 is often adopted.

LESSON 12 TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN CONCRETE VOLUME : SHRINKAGE Shirinkage occurs of the concrete is allowed to dry in the atmosphere.

LESSON 13 TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN CONCRETE VOLUME : CREEP -Paragraf 1 : Creep is the term applied to a reduction in concrete volume due to the application ef external forces over a period of time, and may be present in a structure for a considerable time (3 - 6 year).
YOGA ADINATA H1A107450