SAE

AISI

Numbering Systems for Alloys

Ref:Engineering Materials Propertieand Selection, K.G. Budinski and M. K. Budinski, 7th ed., Prentice Hall, 2002 (Chap. 8 16)

How can you tell the others exactly which kind of material you want?

Figure 1 (a) In a blast furnace, iron ore is reduced using coke (carbon) and air to produce liquid pig iron. The high-carbon content in the pig iron is reduce by introducing oxygen into the basic oxygen furnace to produce liquid steel. An electric arc furnace can be used to produce liquid steel by melting scrap. (b) Schematic of a blast furnace operation. (Source: www.steel.org. Used with permission of the American Iron and Steel Institute.)

What do these codes mean?

AISI 1020 steel ASTM A 29 grade 1020 steel UNS G10200 SAE 1006 6061-T6 3003-H38

What You Should Include in the Specifications of a Material ?

Description: e.g. steel, hot-finished, lowcarbon, bar, ASTM A29 grade B Dimension Chemical composition Mechanical properties Dimension tolerance: LWH, flatness, etc. Finish: hot-rolled, cold rolled, patterned Special requirements: heat treatment, texture, etc.

Ferrous Alloys

Features of the Fe - Fe3C Diagram

5 Atomic % C arbon 10 15 20 25 1600

Temperature (C)

d
g Austenite

1400

Liquid

g +Liquid
1200
1148

(Austenite)
1000 912 800

2.11

4.3

g +Fe C 3
727 0.77

Fe3C Cementite
Cementite

a Ferrite

600

0.02

a+ Fe C
3

400

6.7

Weight % Carbon

Fe C 3

Some Specifications applicable to Steel Products and other Metals

Specifications SAE-AISI ASTM (UNS) ASME MIL AMS BS Society of Automotive Engineers American Iron and Steel Institute American Society for Testing and Materials (www.astm.org) American Society of Mechanical Engineers U.S. Department of Defense Aerospace Materials Specification British Standards Institution (http://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalter)

EN

European Committee for Standardization (http://www.cenorm.be)

Classificati ons of Steel

The Most Widely Used System for Designating Steels SAE-AISI

Unified Numbering System (UNS)

Developed by ASTM and SAE Not a specification but only identify an alloy covered by other standards The 5 digits closely related to the original identification system. E.g. AISI 1020 = G10200 Adopted by the Copper Development Association as official identification system for Cu alloys

Most Frequently Used Carbon and Alloy Steels in the US

SAE 1010: formed sheet-metal parts SAE 1020: general machine applications SAE 1040: flame- or induction-hardened parts ASTM A36: structural steel SAE 4140: high-strength machine parts SAE 4340: high-strength machine parts SAE 8620: carburized wear parts

Example Design of Surface-Hardening Treatments for a Drive Train

Design the materials and heat treatments for an automobile axle and drive gear

Figure 1 Sketch of axle and gear assembly .

Tool Steel Categories

Tool Steel Types

High alloy content and thus high hardenability Melted by electric furnace for cleanliness and alloy content control Melted in small heats and subjected to tight quality control

Stainless Steel Family

Crucial Properties of Stainless Steels

A Repertoire of Stainless Steels

Type 430 S43000 416 S41600 420 S42000 440C S44004 Uses For rust resistance on decorative an nonfunctional parts Hardened to 30 HRC and use for jigs, fixtures and base plates Harden to 50-52 HRC for tools that do not require high wear resistance (e.g. injectionmolding cavities, nozzles, holding blocks, etc) Harden to 58-60 HRC for cutting devices, punches and dies

A Repertoire of Stainless Steels

Type
303 S30300 304/L 316/L 17-4 PH S17400

Uses
For fasteners and shafts where only rust or splash and spill resistance are needed All types of chemical immersion All types of chemical immersion where 304 is not adequate High stress fasteners, shafting, agitators and machine supports; age hardened

17-7 PH S17700

Harden to condition CH900 for chemicalresistant springs

Aluminium Alloys

Wrought Aluminium Alloys Aluminum Association designation system

Indicate Major Alloying Elements the Al content above 99%, e.g. 1040 Commercially pure aluminium (99% min) has 99.40% Al Copper (major alloying element) Second digit designates Manganese mill control on specific Silicon elements Magnesium The last two digits have no significance, Magnesium and silicon except Zinc Other elements Unused series

Series 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Cast Aluminium Alloy Designations

Major Alloying Elements Aluminium + silicon 99.5 min. aluminium The last digit indicates product form: 0 for a Copper casting, 1 for ingot Silicon + copper or magnesium form Silicon Magnesium Unused series Zinc Tin Other Element Series 1-99 (old system) 1xx.x 2xx.x 3xx.x 4xx.x 5xx.x 6xx.x 7xx.x 8xx.x 9xx.x

Additional Designation of the state of the Aluminium Alloy

Al alloys can be precipitation hardened and work-hardened to different extents.
xxxx-F As fabricated, no special control xxxx-W Solution heat-treated (used only on alloys that naturally age harden) xxxx-O Annealed (Wrought alloys only)

xxxx-H Strain hardened (cold worked to increase strength), wrought alloys only xxxx-T Thermally treated to produce effects other than F, O, or H

Types of Strain Hardening and thermal treatment

xxxx-H1
xxxx-H2 xxxx-H2

Strain hardened only

Strain hardened and partially annealed Strain hardened and stabilized by low-temperature thermal treatment Strain hardened and lacquered or painted

xxxx-H4

Degree of Strain Hardening

The second digit indicate the degree of strain hardening 1 indicates smallest amount of cold-work and 8 indicates maximum of cold work
xxxx-H_2 xxxx-H_4 xxxx-H_6 xxxx-H_8 Quarter-hard Half-hard Three-quarters hard Full-hard

Temper Designations
xxxx-T1 xxxx-T2 Cooled from a hot working temperature and naturally aged Cooled from an elevated temperature, cold worked, and naturalled aged (means annealed for cast products) Furnace solution heat treated, quenched and cold worked Furnace solution heat treated, quenched, and naturally aged Quenched from a hot-work temperature and furnace aged

xxxx-T3 xxxx-T4 xxxx-T5

Temper Designations
xxxx-T6
xxxx-T7 xxxx-T8 xxxx-T9 xxxx-T10

Furnace solution heat treated quenched and furnace aged Furnace solution heat treated and stabilized Furnace solution heat treated, quenched, cold worked, and furnace aged Furnace solution heat treated, quenched, furnace aged and cold-worked Quenched from an elevated temperature shaping process, cold worked, and furnace aged

Other variations can be denoted by adding more digits after these designations

Examples
3003-H38: 3003 alloy cold finished to full hard temper and stress relieved by a low temperature treatment 6061-T6: 6061 alloy, solution heat treated and furnace aged hardened.

Most commonly used Aluminium alloys

Wrought alloys 1100 (pure Al) 2024* 3003 5052 6061* 6063* 7075* Sand Cast 355.0* Die Cast 380.0
*: can be age hardened
Blue shaded: mainly for aerospace applications

More to come
Steels and Al alloys are the most widely used alloys Other important classes are Cu alloys, Mg alloys, Ni alloys and Ti alloys, etc. ASM Metals Handbook or ASTM yearbooks are always good places to start when looking for the alloys information

Thank You!! Discussions?