Floor Heating - Prof Olesen Lecture-2c-Dimensioning

15/02/2009 Bjarne W.
Olesen, ICIEE-DTU 1
FLOOR HEATING ++
Lecture 2c
Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D.
Professor,
International Center for Indoor Environment
and Energy
15/02/2009 Bjarne W. Olesen, ICIEE-DTU 2
Radiant Radiant surface surface heating heating
and and cooling cooling systems systems
Floor Floor Wall Wall
Thermo Active Building Systems Thermo Active Building Systems
Ceiling Ceiling
Reinforcement Reinforcement
Floor Floor
Concrete Concrete Pipes Pipes
Room Room
Room Room
Window Window
Determination of Heating and
Cooling Capacity
STANDARDS
prEN 1264-2, 2007: Prove methods for the determination of the thermal
output of floor eating systems using calculation and
test methods
EN 1264-1, 1999: Floor heating: Systems and components - Part 1 :
Definitions and symbols
EN 1264-3, 1999: Floor heating: Systems and components - Part 3 :
Dimensioning
EN 1264-4, 2001: Floor heating: Systems and components - Part 4:
Installation
prEN 1264-5, 2007: Heating and cooling surfaces embedded in floors,
ceilings and walls Determination of thermal output and
cooling output
EN15377-1, 2007: Embedded water based surface heating and cooling
systems: Determination of the design heating and
cooling capacity
systems: Design, Dimensioning and Installation
systems: Optimizing for use of renewable energy sources
SURFACE HEATING AND
COOLING
Heat transfer coefficient
8,0
8,0
6,0
11,0
11,0
7,0
5,5
6,5
7,5
8,5
9,5
10,5
11,5
Floor
Ceiling
Wall
W/m
2
K
Heating
Cooling
Floor heating and Ceiling cooling: q = 8,92 (
S,m
-
i
)
1,1
Wall heating and Wall cooling: q = 8 (
S,m
-
i
)
Ceiling heating: q = 6 (
S,m
-
i
)
Floor cooling q = 7 (
S,m
-
i
)
Where
q is the heat flux in W/m2
S,m
is average surface temperature
i
is room design temperature (operative)
SURFACE HEATING AND
COOLING
Heat transfer coefficient
SURFACE HEATING AND
COOLING
Max. - Min. Surface temperature
40
17
27
17
35
20
29
20
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Floor
Ceiling
Wall
o
C
Heating
Cooling
Perimeter
MAXIMUM HEATING AND
COOLING CAPACITY
160
72
42
99
165
42
99
42
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Floor
Ceiling
Wall
Heating
Cooling
Perimeter
W/m
2
CALCULATION OF THE HEAT OUTPUT W/m
System factor B will depend on type of system and type of pipe
Universal single power function
(EN1264)
FLOOR HEATING
System constant~ 6.5 - 6.7
Temperature difference
(Room - water)
Factors
B a a a a t
B T
m
D
m
u
m
w
T D u
A
Floor covering Pipe spacing Pipe diameter Screed covering
HEATING CAPACITY
Floor covering a
B
, spacing a
T
, and covering
a
D
factors in tables
m
T
= 1- T/0.075 (T = Pipe spacing, m)
m
u
= 100 ( 0.045 - s
u
) (s
u
= covering thickness, m)
mD= 250 ( D-0.020 ) (D = Pipe diameter, m )
Table A.1 : Floor covering factor a
B
depending on the thermal resistance R
,B
of the floor covering
and the thermal conductivity
E
of the screed for type A and C systems
R
,B
(m
2
K/W) 0 0,05 0,10 0,15
E
(W/(m.K)) a
B
2,0 1,196 0,833 0,640 0,519
1,5 1,122 0,797 0,618 0,505
1,2 1,058 0,764 0,598 0,491
1,0 1,000 0,734 0,579 0,478
0,8 0,924 0,692 0,553 0,460
0,6 0,821 0,632 0,514 0,433
NOTE : The floor covering factor a
B
may be determined with
the following equation:
a
s
s
R
B
u,0
u
u
E
B
=
+
+ +
1
1
0
0
o
o

,
,
,
where o = 10,8 W/m
2
K;
u,0
= 1 W/m.K; s
u,0
= 0,045 m
HEATING CAPACITY
m
2
K/W
FACTOR FOR FLOOR COVERING, a
B
Screed
0.80
1.20
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.49
0.46
0.60
0.55
0.76
0.69
1.06
0.92
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
COOLING CAPACITY
Total factor for the following example
17 mm pipe
45 mm concrete above pipes
Concrete ~ 1,2 W/mK
75
150
300
0,01
0,1
0,52
0,77
0,96
0,42
0,57
0,66
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
T, mm
R
b
, m
2
K/W
COOLING CAPACITY
Cooling capacity in W/mfor the following example
17 mm PEX-pipe
45 mm concrete above pipes
Concrete ~ 1,2 W/mK
Space temperature 26 C
Supply water temperature 14 C
Return water temperature 19 C
75
150
300
0,01
0,1
25
37
46
20
27
32
0
10
20
30
40
50
W/m
2
T mm
R
b
m
2
K/W
ALUMINUM HC device: Floor Heating & Cooling (type B), R=0.01~0.1,
T=150 & 300
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Heating/cooling medium differential temperature H=H-i [C]
H
e
a
t

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

[
W
/
m
2
]
T=150, R=0.01
T=150, R=0.1
T=300, R=0.01
T=300, R=0.1

Figure 4.17 Heat exchange between the surface (with ceramic tiles, wooden
parquets or carpet R
?B
=0.1 and no covering R
?B
=0) and the space when aluminium
heat conductive device used

Heating/ cooling capacity, EN1264
and EN 15377
Thermal resistance methods
Pipes embedded in a
massive concrete layer
s
1
s
2
u
v
R
2
R
t
R
1
q
1
q
2
u
c
u
Thermal resistance method
Capillar tubes
c
v R
t
R
1
R
2
s
2
u
u
u
Thermal resistance
methods
R
i
R
e
R
HC
Thermal resistance
methods
Total thermal resistance between the heat source and the
conducting layer
m C/W
CL U con , R R HC
R R
T
R T R T R + ' + ' + ' =
2
W/m
H H i
K q =
is the differential temperature of the heating/cooling
medium
K
H
=
Au
H H i
= u u
equivalent coefficient of thermal
conductivity
W/m
C
) /( 1
i HC H
R R K + =
Finite Element Method
Laboratory testing
UNIFORMITY OF FLOOR SURFACE
TEMPERATURE
Maximum
Minimum
Mean
RADIANT FLOOR COOLING
COOLING CAPACITY
107
129
148
15
35
55
75
95
115
135
155
25 20 15
W/
2
m
CALCULATED CAPACITY IN AN ATRIUM
WITH DIRECT SUNSHINE ON THE FLOOR
Supply water temperature,
o
C
ALUMINUM HC device: Floor Heating & Cooling (type B), R=0.01~0.1,
T=150 & 300
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Heating/cooling medium differential temperature H=H-i [C]
H
e
a
t

e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e

[
W
/
m
2
]
T=150, R=0.01
T=150, R=0.1
T=300, R=0.01
T=300, R=0.1

Figure 4.17 Heat exchange between the surface (with ceramic tiles, wooden
parquets or carpet R
?B
=0.1 and no covering R
?B
=0) and the space when aluminium
heat conductive device used

Heating/ cooling capacity, EN1264 and EN 15377
H
e
a
t

s
u
p
p
l
y
F
l
o
o
r
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
F
l
o
o
r
c
o
v
e
r
i
n
g
Pipe distance
T
water-average
t
room
Diagram for
17x2 mm pipe
45 mm screed
= 1,2 W/mK
W
a
t
e
r

f
l
o
w

r
a
t
e
Pressure drop
Water
The design supply water
temperature is determined
according to the room with the
highest heat load or with the highest
heat resistance of the floor covering.
Calculation of the water supply temperature
Heat resistance of the floor covering R
,B
= 0,15 m
2
K/W
Pipe spacing 15 cm
Design heat loss 80 W/m
2
From the dimensioning diagram
Difference between average water temperature and room:
A0
H
= 28,9 K
Average water temperature:
0
HM
= 20C + 28,9 K = 48,9 C
Temperature difference (supply-return) for the critical room: EN1264 o = 5 K
Design supply water temperature:
0
Vdim
= 0
HM
+ o/2 = 48,9C +2,5 K = 51,4 C
A0
H
= 28,9C
0
HM
= 48,9 C
0
Vausl
= 51,4 C
80 W/m
2
0,15m
2
K/W
0
FB
= 27,3 C
Boundary
conditions
S
= 45 mm
= 1,2 W/mK
Diagram for
dimensioning
DIMENSIONING AND
DESIGN
Pipe diameter
Pipe spacing
Pipe layout
Water flow rate
Pipe circuits
RL
VL
Kombizone
RL
VL
RL
VL
Perimeter and occupied space
RL
VL
Occupied space
Cover as much surface as possible
Possible solution
VL
RL
R
L
V
L
Joints in the concrete
Example
Floor area
Korrektur af
Normvarmetabet
Strste varmestrm
Bad tages ikke med
Correction for covered
surface
Tilslutningsledninger
Total rrlngde
egen varmekreds
gennemgende
Forbindelses rr
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
Dimensionerende freml bstemperatur [C]
V
a
r
m
e
a
f
g
i
v
e
l
s
e

[
W
/
m
]
45 mm Beton,
= 1,2 W/mK
Vandstrm:
( )
R F R F
r
T T T T c
q
u
=
u
= 86 , 0
q
r
: Vandstrm l/h
c: Vands varmefylde Wh/kgC
: Varmeydelse W
Water flow
Water flow
Specific heat capacity
Heat supply
Tryktabsdiagramdiagram
for 17 x 2 mm rr
Pressure drop 14 x 2 mm
pipe
Pressure drop
Water
W
a
t
e
r

f
l
o
w

r
a
t
e
Valve
position
5
1
/
4
14
Valve position
INSTALLATION
Floor systems
Wall systems
Ceiling systems
TABS Thermo Active Building Systems
Pre-fabrication
1. Screed-concrete 2. Pipe
3. Plastic foil
4. Insulation5. Acoustic insulation
6. PE foil
7. covering 8. Concrete slab
Radiant Radiant surface surface heating heating
and and cooling cooling systems systems
Floor Floor Wall Wall
Thermo Active Building Systems Thermo Active Building Systems
Ceiling Ceiling
Reinforcement Reinforcement
Floor Floor
Concrete Concrete Pipes Pipes
Room Room
Room Room
Window Window
Calculation methods
1. Rough sizing method based on a standard
calculation of the cooling load (accuracy 20-30%).
To be used based on the knowledge of the peak
value for heat gains (section 5.1)
2. Simplified method using diagrams for sizing
based on 24 hours values of heat gains (accuracy
15-20%, section 5.2).
3. Simplified model based on finite difference
method (accuracy 10-15%). Detailed dynamic

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15/02/2009 Bjarne W.

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