Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research (ACE)

Devsthali (Near Mithapur), Ambala-Jagadhari Highway, P.O. SAMBHALKHA-133101(Ambala) Approved by Haryana Government and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Affiliated to Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Ph: 0171-2821833, 2822001 - 003, Telefax: 2822002 Website: www.ambalacollege.com, Email: info@ambalacollege.com

Date:

CANDIDATES DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the seminar report entitled HIGH ALTITUDE LONG OPERATION which is being presented by Manpreet kaur, MT2310215, M.Tech 3rd Semester, ECE in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree of M.Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering) submitted in Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from August, 2011 to December, 2011. Signature of the Student This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my/our knowledge.

Signature of Seminar Co-ordinator Er. Sushil Garg Assistant Professor ECE Department

Signature of H.O.D Prof. Ashok Kumar Head of Department ECE Department

ACE, Ambala Ambala

ACE,

ABSTRACT
Broadband wireless millimeter wavelength services provided from a High Altitude Long Operation (HALO) Aircraft are now feasible. Our talk will emphasize the conceptual design of a "bandwidth-on-demand" wireless network whose data rates to and from the subscriber will measure in the multi-megabit per second range. A variety of metropolitan area spectrum bands offer the needed bandwidth. An attractive choice is the LMDS band near 28 GHz and system characteristics at this frequency. The HALO Aircraft fuselage will house packet switching circuitry and fast digital network functions. The communications antenna and related components will be located in a pod suspended below the aircraft fuselage. To offer "ubiquitous" service throughout a large region, the HALO antenna will utilize multiple beams arranged in a typical cellular pattern. Broadband channels to subscribers in adjacent cells will be separated in frequency. As the beams traverse over a user location, the virtual path through the packet switch will be changed to perform a beam-to-beam handoff .

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Acknowledgement is not only a ritual, but also an expression of indebtedness to all those
who have helped in the completion process of this Seminar. One of the most pleasant aspects in collecting the necessary and vital information and compiling it is the opportunity to thank all those who actively contributed to it. First of all I am thankful to the Electronics and Communication department, where we got the golden opportunity to undertake this Seminar. The help, assistance and guidance that I have received here will be earnestly cherished throughout our lives. I would like to express our deep felt gratitude to Er. Sushil Garg (Assistant Professor) and Prof. Ashok Kumar (H.O.D. Electronics & Communication Engineering Department) under whose guidance I was able to work on our seminar. I would also like to thank Dr. Ashawant Gupta (Principal) & Dr. J. K. Sharma (Director) for giving us the permission to complete the project work, which is an important part of our curriculum. Their encouraging remarks from time to time greatly helped us in improving our skills.

Manpreet Kaur M.TECH 3rd Sem. MT2310215

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LIST OF FIGURES ___________________________________________________________

Figure No. Name of Figure Page No.

1.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.13 3.13 3.14 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

HALO Aircraft Providing Broadband Services Network Architecure HALO Hub Field View HALO Aircraft U2 High Altitude Aircraft Global High High Altitude UAV HALE Solar Power UAV HABE Tethered Aerostat Horizon As Seen From Airship Horizon Graph Relative Drag In Airship Cabots Saucer Airship Concept Sky cat Heavy Lift Airship Concept Stratosphere Communication Layer Coverage Area Organization Covered By HALO Coverage HALO Aircraft Cell Coverage by FDM HALO Network Interfaces Functional Description of Subscriber Equipment Functional Block Diagram of Subscriber Equipment iv

4 8 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 15 15 15 16 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 25 26

Functional Block Diagram of the Communication Payload 24

4.10

HAAP Communication System

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ABBREVIATIONS USED ___________________________________________________________

HALO HALE HAAPS TX RX MLA HEO GEO LEO MAN HABE HI-SPOT HASPA CPE BPE NIU RU High Altitude Long Operation High Altitude Long Endurance High Altitude Aeronautical Platform Stations Transmitter Receiver Minimum look angle High Elliptic Orbit Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Low Earth Orbit Metropolitan Area Network Air Force High Altitude Balloon High Surveillance Platform for Over-the-Horizon Targeting High Altitude Super-Pressure Powered Aerostat Consumer Premise Equipment Business Premise Equipment Network Interface Unit RF Unit

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Candidates Declaration Abstract Acknowledgement List of Figures Abbreviations used i ii iii iv v INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 1-4 5-7 8-16 8 8 10 11 13

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3

3.1 NETWORK ELEMENTS

3.2 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 3.3 FIELD OF VIEW 3.4 HALO AIRCRAFT 3.5 AIRSHIP AT HIGH ALTITUDES

CHAPTER 4

NETWORK CONCEPT

17-29 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 28 29

4.1 DESIRABLE FEATURES 4.2 SERVICE ATTRIBUTES 4.3 NETWORK ACCESS 4.4 NETWORK SERVICES 4.5 COMMUNICATION PAYLOAD 4.6 SUBSCRIBER UNITS 4.7 POWER SYSTEM AND MISSION REQUIREMENTS 4.8 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS 4.8.1 Advantages 4.8.2 Applications

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CHAPTER 5
5.1 CONCLUSION 5.2 FUTURE SCOPE REFERENCES

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

31 31 31 32

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