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Muscle Facts (lll)

.Y
The deep intrinsic back muscles are divided into two grouPs: transversospinal and deep segmental muscles. The transverso-

spinalis muscles pass between the transverse and spinous processes c

tr a

the vertebrae.

Muscle
, O Rotatores

Origin

lnsertion
(between transverse and spinous processes of (between transverse and spinous processes' skipping

lnnervation

Action
: Biloterol: Extends throacic sPine : Unilaterol: Rotates spine to opposite side

breves longi

T1 *T1 2
:

Rotatores

i
: @ Rotatores

19i.::Lty"-lt9bf9-")
T1 -T1 2

gl. u"*.-bll).
C2-sacrum (between transverse and spinous processes, skipping two to four vertebrae) C4*T7 (trdnsverse and articular processes) T1-T6(tr:ansverseprocesses)
:

:-'......--...
nn. , IJnilaterol: Flexes spine to same side, rotate (posterior itooppositeside
spinal
ramr)

Bilaterol: Extends sPine

:Multifidus@

: @ Semispinalis Semispinalis

caPitis
cervicis

Occipital bone (between superior and inferior nuchal

lines)

:
i

Biloterol: Extends thoracic and cervical spin

: and head (stabilizes craniovertebral joints)

: , @ Semispinalis i'.-...':'

I C2-C5.(spinous processes)

:.......-...

i
i

lJnilaterol: Bends head, cervical.and thorac spines to same side, rotates to opposite sit

, @semispinalisthoracis

T6-T1 2 (transverse processes) : C6-T4 (spinous processes)

Fig. 2.1

1 Transversospinalis muscles (schematic)

Posterior view.

Fig.2.12 Deep segmental muscles (schematic)

Posterior view.

e
@

@ @

o
A
Rotatores nnrscles.

Multifidus.

Semispinalis.

Muscle
lnterspinales*

Origin
i

lnsertion

lnnervation
Spinal nn.

Action
Exl.ends cervical and lumbar spin

@,11t::ri':F:*yi:i'
lntertra.nsversarii anteriores
cervicis
@ lntertransversarii

ol,a.di:Tnl cl -cr )/-ell:?l:") llelw111 :ping:: tfg."::es

L1

(posterior

: @ lnterspinales lumbqrum

-15 (b.etween spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae)

T*il
Spinal nn.

C2-C7 (between anterior tubercles of adjacent vertebrae)

(ant9rl9r

1am1l

Biloteral: Stabilizes and extends

tl

posteriores cervicis lntertransversarii

*

C2 C7 (between posterlor tubercles of adjacent vertebrae)

cervical and lumbar spines

LJnilateral: Bends the cervical and @ lntertra nsversa.rii mediales

lumborum
| @ lnteftransversarii laterales

Ll -15 (between mammillary processes of adjacent vertebrae)

luinbar spines laterally to same

: Spinal nn.

I (Posterior
L1

: Iumboium :........"..
i
Levatores

-15 (between transverse processes of adjacdnt vertebrae) '''.-t'

i rami)

@ Levatores costarum breVes

I Costal angle of next lowei rib

C7-Tl
1 (transverse processes)

costarum
.

@ Levatores costarum longi

cl.trir"gf" li

riil;;

Bilaterol: Extends thoracic spine IJniloteral: BendS thoracic spine t same side, rotates Lo opposite si

i vertebrae below

Both the interspinales and intertransversarii muscles traverse the entire spine; only their clinically relevant components have been included'

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Superficial intrinsic
Muscle O Posterior serratus
Posterior serratus

Origin
supelior Ligamentum nuchae; C7-T3 {spinous processes)
T1
1

Action
2nd-4th ribs (superior borders)
8thr1 2l h ribs (in[erior borders,
Spinal nn. T2-T5 Elevates ribs

{anteliglf:mil
Spinal nn. T9-T1 2

O Posterior serratus
lnfelloJ
@ Splenius capitis

-12 (spinous processes)

n"rr:ngl"r)

Depresses ribs
Sii lotte?rol:ert"nd, ."rui..l spine and head Uniloterol: Flexes and rotates head to the same side

..

...

....

..

lantelio:l:mll
Spinal nn.
bra nches)
C1

Liqamentum nuchae;

Splenius
@ Splenius cervicis

c7-r3

plo..::::) J:p!nou:

Occipital bone (lateral superior nuchal line; mastoid p-rocess)

C1

-C6

(posterior rami, lateral

T3-T6 (spinous processes)

-C2 (transverse processes)

Fig.

2.8 Superficial intrinsic back

muscles (schematic)
Right side, posterior view.

Fig.2.9 lntermediate intrinsic back muscles (schematic)

Right side, posterior view. These muscles are collectively known as the erector spinae

o
\-

o
@

Posterior
serratus.

Splenius muscles

lliocostalis
muscles.

Longissimus muscles.

Spina lis

muscles.

Origin

lnsertion
C4 -C6 (transverse processes)
1

lnnervation
Spinal nn. C8-11

Action

o
@-

!lioco:tgtl:
l!iocosta
11;

ceryici:

3rd-7th ribs 7th-1 2th ribs

Sacrum; iliac crest;

lliocostalis

lholaci;

st-6th ribs

6th- 1 2th ribs; thoracolumbar fascia

(deep layer); upper lumbar vertebrae
(Lransverse processes)

O lliocostalis lumborum

(posterior rami, lateral branches)

Biloteral: Extends spine Uniloterol: Bends spine laterall' to same side

thoracolumbar fascia
T1

-T3 (transverse processes);

Temporal bone (mastoid process)

Biloterol: Extends head Uniloterol: Flexes and rotates head

@ Longissimus capitis

C4-C7 (transverse and articular

Longissimus

:. I Longt5stmus

Proces:e:)
ceTVtcts T1

to;ame

lidg

-T6 (transverse Rroces;e;)

L2-L5 (transverse processes)

2nd-1 2th ribs; lumbar vertebrae (costal processes); thoracic vertebrae
(transverse processes)

Spinal nn. C1 -15

@ Longissimus thoracis

Sacrum; iliac crest; lumbar vertebrae (spinous processes): lower thoracic vertebrae
(tra nsverse processes)

(posterior rami, lateral branches)

Bil otero l'.

Extends spine

Uniloterol: Bends spine lateral to same side

\Lr.r

:_. cervtcts 5prnalts

C5-T2 (spinous processes)

I
1

L2-L5 (sprnous processes)

Spinal nn.

Bilatero l: Extends cervica

and thoracic spine Unilaterol: Bends cervical and

@ Spinalis thoracis

0-13 (spinous Oro."rr"r.

T2-T8 (splnous processes, lateral

surfaces)

(posterior rami)

lateral surfaces)

thoracic spine to same side