Model Question Paper Eighth Semester B.Tech Degree Examination, April/May 2012 (2008 scheme) Branch: Mechanical 08.805.

9: Design of Pressure Vessels and Piping (Elective IV) Time : 3 Hours Max Marks : 100

Instructions: 1) Answer all questions from part A and one question from each module in Part-B 2) Use of Pressure Vessels design hand book or Data sheet is permitted. PART-A 1. (4x10= 40 Marks)

Explain the local buckling of torospherical heads in the knuckle region and how it can be prevented? 2. Write the general membrane stress theory and deduce it for the hoop stress for a conical vessel under internal pressure. 3. What do you mean by discontinuity stresses? Write its causes and consequences. 4. Enumerate the various methods for determining stresses in a pressure vessel. 5. Explain different nozzle opening reinforcement methods applicable to pressure vessel design 6. What are the parameters to be considered for the design of vessel supports? 7. Write the significance of vessel construction codes in design. 8. What do you mean by collapse pressure? Sketch different modes of collapse of cylindrical ring under external pressure. 9. Write short note on the critical stress developed in U- bends of pipes. 10. Sketch any two (a) typical process equipment symbols and (b) flow sheet flags of operating conditions used in flow diagram. PART-B Module I 11. To improve the buckling load, the cylindrical pressure vessel is fitted with stiffener rings by interference fit along the length of the vessel leaving appropriate distance between the subsequent rings. A force of 10 N/mm is exerted by each ring along the periphery of the vessel. If radius and thickness of the vessel are 200mm and 10mm respectively , Determine (a) The maximum deflection and stresses developed in the vessel wall by each ring, when there is no pressure acting on it. (3x 20= 60 Marks)

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(b) The first location from the ring along the cylindrical axis, where the deflection tends to zero (c) The total stresses (both the hoop and longitudinal stresses) developed in the vessel wall, if it is subjected to an external pressure of 5 MPa. 12. What are the numerically maximum and minimum thermal stresses occurring in a carbon steel cylinder with R/r ratio 3 ( r = inner radius, R= outer radius) for a steady state heat flow condition in which the temperature of the inside wall is 10 0C higher than the outside wall (take suitable values for E, and ).

Module II 13. Explain in detail the variation of theoretical stress concentration factor for an elliptical hole in a cylindrical vessel for different major to minor axis (a/b) ratio when the major axis is (i) parallel and (ii) perpendicular to the axis of the vessel, also determine the major axis orientation suitable for an a/b ratio 3. 14. Determine the maximum stress in cylindrical shell of 250cm diameter and 25mm thickness at a 25cm diameter attachment which imposes a 45kN radially inward load. [Given from the chart, the value of (NyR)/P is -9 and -7.5 for attachment parameter() 0.065 and 0.1 respectively, and (My/P) is 0.2 and 0.1 for value 0.04 and 0.12 respectively]. Module III 15. Explain the elastic buckling of circular ring and cylinders under external pressure 16. (i) Write short notes on a) Stress concentration factor b) Stress Intensity factor and c) Fracture toughness (12) (ii) A pressure vessel with 60 cm outer diameter and 30 cm inner diameter operates at 300MPa and contains a semi-elliptical longitudinal defect 10mm deep on the inside surface of aspect ratio 0.1. The fracture toughness (KIC ) value of the material (low alloy nuclear pressure vessel steel A533B) is 180 KPa m 1/2. Determine if the vessel is satisfactory from a brittle fracture viewpoint under these service conditions. (8) -----------------------------------------------