Lec. 1.

1 Introduction
ENGR 361 Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Instructor: Dr. Liangzhu (Leon) Wang Concordia University Fall 2011

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Outline
Course Syllabus Fluid Mechanics and Fluids Dimension and Unit Systems for Fluids Fluid Common Properties Basic Equations and Ideal Gas Law

Lectures Tutorials - Office Hours

Lectures Wednesday and Friday 11:45 13:00 at SGM FG C080 Course Website Moodle Tutorial Hours VA: Wednesday 13:15 14:05 at SGM FG B030; VB: Friday 13:15 14:05 at SGM FG B030 Tutors VA: Adil Chaudhry, ad_chau@encs.concordia.ca VB: Khokan Debnath, k_debnat@encs.concordia.ca Marker: Mehdi Pourabadehei, mpourabadi@gmail.com Office Hours Tuesday 13:00 15:00 at SGM EV 6.166
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Objectives
This course covers fundamental aspects of fluid mechanics for junior engineering students. The objectives are to expose to these students the basic concepts of fluid and its behavior, the fundamental physical laws of fluid mechanics, and the application of these laws in solving engineering problems. As an introductory course on fluid mechanics, this course provides the foundation for several subsequent intermediate and advanced courses in building, civil, environmental, mechanical and other engineering disciplines.
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Textbooks
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Bruce R. Munson, Donald F. Young, Theodore H. Okiishi, and Wade W. Huebsch. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Sixth Edition, 2009. ISBN: 978-0470-26284-9. (Available at the bookstore. One copy reserved at the library) Fox and McDonalds Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Philip J. Pritchard. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Eighth Edition, 2011. ISBN: 9780470547557.

Tutorials and Homework

Tutorials are developed to help students understand course materials and work on their homework. Students are expected to attend the tutorials. Tutors will solve similar problems as assigned homework that enables students to work on the problems by themselves The assignment problems will be posted on the course website. Tutorials are provided to help with homework. Students are expected to work on their homework independently. Solutions will be posted at course website.
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Exams and Grading

One midterm (October 7th, 2011) will be given. Anyone absent for the mid-term exam will be given zero mark. Closed book; Closed notes. ENCS Faculty approved calculator only. No electronic communication devices (including cell phones) A single-sided letter-sized sheet of paper as a crib sheet will be allowed in the final exam only. Final grade distribution: Homework: 5%; Midterm: 25%; Final Exam: 70% In order to pass this course, the final grade must be more than 50%.
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Learning Skills in ENGR 361

Problem Analysis an ability to identify, formulate, research and solve complex engineering problems reaching substantial conclusions. This skill will be taught in the lectures by identifying and solving several engineering applications. The students will practice this skill by solving their assigned homework problems. This skill will be evaluated using the performance in the midterm and final examinations.

Other Remarks
There is no fixed relationship between marks and letter grades. All exams are mandatory and all exams will be counted. Events beyond the control of the instructor may require changes to this outline.

Rights and Responsibilities

Plagarism The most common offense under the Academic Code of Conduct is plagiarism which the Code defines as the presentation of the work of another person as ones own or without proper acknowledgement. In Simple Words: Do not copy, paraphrase or translate anything from anywhere without saying from where you obtained it!

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Sept. 07 Sept. 09 Sept. 14 Sept. 21 Sept. 19 Sept. 23 Oct. 05 Oct. 7 Oct. 10 Oct. 12 Oct. 19 Oct. 21 Oct. 26 Nov. 02 Oct. 30 Nov. 4 Nov. 9 Nov. 11 Nov. 16 Nov. 18 Nov. 25 Nov. 30 Dec. 2 TBA

Chapter 1 Chapter 2

Introduction Fluid Statics

DNE Deadline (with tuition refund) Chapter 3 Midterm Exam Thanksgiving day No Class Chapter 4 Fluid Kinematics Elementary Fluid Dynamics

Discussion and Analysis of Midterm Chapter 5 Finite Control Volume Analysis

DISC Deadline (without tuition refund) Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Final Review Final Exam
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Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow Dimensional Analysis, Similitude, and Modeling Viscous Flow in Pipes Flow Over Immersed Bodies

What is Fluid Mechanics?

It is an applied mechanics, which studies liquids and gases at rest or in motion Examples of applied areas:
Canal, levee, and dam systems; Pumps, compressors, and piping and ducting systems; Aerodynamics for automobiles and airplanes; Development of flow measurement devices such as gas pump meters.

*Pictures courtesy from Google

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More Examples
Renewable Energy: Wind Power

KiteGen (Pritchard, 2011)

Sky Windpower (Pritchard, 2011)

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What are fluids?

First, lets look at shear stress in mechanics:

*picture courtesy from whatsontheare.com

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What are fluids? (contd)

Compared with solids, a fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under the application of a shear (tangential) stress no matter how small the shear stress may be.

Remarks:
Some exceptions of the above definition (tar, toothpaste) The definition is for Continuum, average properties as compared to discrete molecules

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Basic Dimensions
Primary/basic quantities/dimensions M: mass L: length T: time : temperature F: force Two Basic Dimension Systems: MLT: mass length time FLT: force length time

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Secondary Dimensions
Secondary/derived quantities/dimensions Examples: area, velocity, density , acceleration etc. All secondary dimensions can be derived from basic dimensions in either FLT or MLT systems.

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FLT and MLT Systems

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System of Units
Systems of units
SI (International System) meter (m), second (s), kilogram (kg), kelvin (K), newton (N), joule (J) for work, watt (W) for power Sometimes, combined, kW means killowatts K = C + 273.15 BG (British Gravitational System) EE (English Engineering System)

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Dimension Homogeneity
Dimension Homogeneity is dimensional consistency for an engineering equation
1. Each term should have the same dimension 2. The dimension of the left hand side is the same as that of the right hand side of the equation

Example: for the equation, Z1 and Z2 are length, V1 and V2 are velocity, P1 and P2 are pressure, find 1 and 2 s dimension
V1 p2 V2 + + z1 = + + z2 1 2g 2 2g
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p1

An Example of Dimension Homogeneity

If V is a velocity, determine the dimensions of Z, , and G, which appear in the dimensionally homogeneous equation:
V = Z ( 1) + G
Dimensions might be used V (velocity) Force or Weight Length Force or Weight p (pressure) (density) (specific weight) LT-1 F L F FL-2 FL-4T2 FL-3
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Common Properties: Fluid Mass and Weight

Density (kg/m3) [Rho] Specific volume (m3/kg) [Upsilon] Specific weight (N/m3) = g [Gamma] Specific gravity SG = fluid/water

Density of Water

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Basic Equations
Basic laws governing any fluid motion or at rest 1. The conservation of mass 2. Newtons second law of motion 3. The principle of angular momentum 4. The first law of thermodynamics 5. The second law of thermodynamics

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Ideal (Perfect) Gas Law

p = RT

Equation of state for an ideal gas

Pressure p
Unit: N/m2, pascal (Pa) Absolute Pressure and Gage Pressure Standard sea-level atmospheric pressure 101.33 kPa(abs) or 14.696 psi(abs) pound per square inch

Specific gas constant R = Ru/M Universal gas constant Ru = 8.314 J/Kmol

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An Example of 1st Law Application

A piston-cylinder device contains 0.95 kg of oxygen (O2). Initially, T1 = 27C, P1 = 150 kPa (abs) Then, heat is added, so At the end, T2 = 627C. Determine the heat added to the system.

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