Ismiyatun Hasanah Livia Nopika Nurina Wijayanti Widyan Yusrina

Person and Case

P Case r o n o u n F Subjective ir s t p e r s o n English singular plural Indonesia singular plural Differences Similarities

We

Saya, aku

Kami, kita

1. Form -English only has I as singular subjective pronoun; while in Indonesia has two pronoun saya and aku. Saya is used in formal context and in different ages; aku is used in informal context. Ex: a. I write the letter. b. Saya menulis surat (said in formal context) c. Aku menulis surat. (said in informal context) -Plural form in English only has one pronoun we; in Indonesia has two forms kami (eksklusif)

1. Meaning - Both English and Indonesia use the word I and Saya or Aku as the subject. (singular) Ex: a. I eat the banana. b. Saya makan pisang. -Both English and indonesia use the word we and kami or kita as the subject in plural form. Ex: a. We listen to her advice b. Kami mendengarkan nasihatnya.

and kita (inklusif) Ex: a. We come to the library together. b.Kami pergi ke perpustakaan bersama-sama. (listener do not join to the library) c. Kita pergi ke perpustakaan bersama-sama. (listener also join to the library with speaker and others) Objective Me Us Saya, Kami, aku, -ku kita 1. Form -Singular form of English has only one objective case Me; while Indonesia has two saya and aku. Ex: a. The book is borrowed by me. b. Buku itu dipinjam oleh saya. (formal context) c. buku itu dipinjam oleh aku. (informal context) -plural form of English has only one objective case Us; While Indonesia has two kami and kita. Ex: a. They have been helped by us. b. Tereka telah ditolong oleh kita. (listener includes to the conversation)

2. order -in active voice, both languages use the subject in front of the sentence.

1. Meaning - Both English and Indonesia use the word me and saya or Aku as the object (singular) Ex: a. The phone was picked by me. b. Telepon diangkat oleh saya -Both English and indonesia use the word us and kami or kita as the subject in plural form. Ex: a. The field is plowed by us. b. Lahannya telah digarap oleh kami. 2. order -in passive voice, both

posses Pron My sive omin al

Our

-ku

kami

Subst Mine itutio nal S Subjective You e c o

Ours

c. Mereka telah ditolong oleh languages use the words in kami. (listener do not include the last order in sentence. to the conversation) -The form of Subjective and Objective in English changes; while Indonesia uses the same form. 1.order -English put the word my before the noun to represent the possessive pronoun; Indonesia add suffix -ku after the noun to represent the possessive pronoun. (-ku is the shortened form from aku) -English put the word our before the noun to represent the possessive pronoun; while Indonesia put the word kami after the noun to represent the possessive pronoun. Note: the word kami could not be shortened as the word aku into -ku Cannot be contrasted Cannot be contrasted

You

Anda, kamu, engkau, dikau,

Kalian, kamu sekalia n, anda

1. Form - English only uses one form You to represent the singular and plural form for second

1. Form -The form of Subjective and Objective both in English and Indonesia do

n d p e r s Objective o n

sekalia n

You

You

Anda, kamu

Kalian

Posses Pron Your sive omin al

Your

-mu

subst Yours itutio nal T subjective He, she, h it ir d P

Yours

person subjective pronoun; Indonesia uses different form depends on different context, ages or different amount of person (anda, kamu, kalian) 1. Form - English only uses one form You to represent the singular and plural form for second person objective pronoun; Indonesia uses different form depends on different ages or different amount of person (anda, kamu, kalian) 1. Form -in English, the use of pronominal and substitutional is different. In pronominal: This is your phone Substitutional: This is yours. While in Indonesia, by using mu is enough. Barang ini punyamu. Cannot be contrasted.

not change. 2. Order -In active voice, both languages use the subject in front of the sentence. 1. Form -The form of Subjective and Objective both in English and Indonesia do not change. 2. Order -In passive voice, both languages use the words in the last order in sentence. -

Cannot be contrasted.

They

Dia, ia, beliau

Mereka 1. Form -English differentiate gender to represent the subjective third person into he and she; Indonesia only has dia

1. Meaning - Both English and Indonesia use the word He or She or It and Dia or Ia or Beliau as

e r s o n

Objective

Him, her, Them it

Dia, ia, -nya

without pay attention to the gender. Example: She is the only daughter in her family. Dia adalah anak perempuan satu-satunya dalam keluarga. -The form of Subjective and Objective in English changes; while Indonesia uses the same form. mereka 1. Form -English differentiate gender to represent the objective third person into him and her; Indonesia only has dia without pay attention to the gender. Example: The door has been closed by her. Pintu itu telah ditutup olehnya. -The form of Subjective and Objective in English changes; while Indonesia uses the same form. 1. Form In Indonesia, -nya is used to represent possessiveness. While English differentiate

the subject. (singular) Ex: a. He speaks French b. Dia berbicara bahasa Perancis. 2. Order -In active voice, both languages use the subject in front of the sentence.

1. Meaning - Both English and Indonesia use the word Him or Her or It and Dia or Ia or Beliau as the object. (singular) Ex: a. the window is closed by him. b. Jendela itu ditutup olehnya. 2. Order -In active voice, both languages use the subject in front of the sentence

posses Pron His, her, sive omin its al

Their

-nya

gender to represent possessiveness. Example: Buku itu miliknya While I English: Its her/his book. subst His, hers, itutio its nal R subjective Who, e one, l other a Objective Who, ti whom, v one, e other, p others r posses Pron Whose, o sive omin ones, n al others o subst Whose u itutio n nal Theirs Cannot be contrasted. Cannot be contrasted.

Who

Cannot be contrasted.

Cannot be contrasted.

Who, whom,

Cannot be contrasted.

Cannot be contrasted.

Ones, others Whose

Cannot be contrasted.

Cannot be contrasted.

Cannot be contrasted.

Cannot be contrasted.