ELIMINATION OF HARMONICS IN HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEM USING MULTI LEVEL INVERTER

Guided by: Mr.P.Selvam M.E., Asst professor, Dept of EEE.

Members: T.BamaDevi(08EE05) T.Bavisha(08EE07) I.Kavitha(08EE21) S.Veenalakshmi(08EE61)

ABSTRACT: In recent years power electronic converters are widely used. Most of the time these converters draw harmonic current and reactive power from AC source and cause power quality problems. Also the nonlinear loads connected to the power source inject harmonic currents back to the supply systems. These harmonics causes many adverse effects and this must be eliminated. In low voltage systems Active Power Filters are used to control this harmonic distortion. In high voltage systems multi level inverters are effective in reducing the harmonics. HARMONICS IN POWER SYSTEMS: Nonlinear loads present in the power system introduce non sinusoidal current in the form of abrupt pulses. This harmonics is also caused by the presence of variable frequency drives. These currents interact adversely with power system equipments such as capacitors, transformers, motors, causing additional losses, overheating, overloading. These harmonic currents also cause interference with telecommunication lines. It also affects normal working of electronic equipments resulting in false operation.

METHODOLOGY USED: In low voltage systems APFs are used to reduce harmonics. But in high voltage systems its usage is limited due to semiconductor rating and high rating transformer. Hence in our proposed method we use multi level inverter which can eliminate harmonics without use of transformer. Gating signals for the switching devices used in multi level inverter are obtained from microcontroller. MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING APF:

CASCADED MULTILEVEL INVERTER:

A cascaded multilevel inverter consists of a series of H- bridge inverter units. The general function of this multilevel inverter is to synthesize a desired voltage from several separate dc sources which may be obtained from batteries, fuel cells, or solar cells. Each separate dc source is connected to an H-bridge inverter. The AC terminal voltage is of different level inverters are connected in series. The cascaded inverter does not require any voltage clamping diodes or voltage balancing capacitors.

OUTPUT WAVEFORM: Voltage

+2Vdc +Vdc 0 time -Vdc -2Vdc

To synthesize a multilevel waveform, the AC output of each of the different level H-bridge cells is connected in series. The synthesized voltage waveform is ,therefore ,the sum of the inverter outputs. The number of output phase voltage levels in a cascaded inverter is defined by M=2S+1 where S- number of DC sources. The 5-level output phase voltage waveform shown above can be obtained with two separate DC sources and two H-bridges cells. MICROCONTROLLER 8951:

The microcontroller 8951 is used to generate the gating signals for the switching devices. A crystal oscillator is given between the pins 18 and 19 to set the frequency of the controller near to 12MHz. POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT:

OVERALL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The microcontroller 8951 generates the output signals through the eight output ports P0-P7. These signals are given to optocoupler. This optocoupler serves as an interface between the microcontroller and the multilevel inverter. The optocoupler is necessary in order to send the signals from low voltage side to the high voltage side. The Output signals from the optocoupler are sent to the buffer to amplify the signals. These signals are then given to the switching devices (MOSFETs) of the multilevel inverter as triggering signals. 5-level output phase voltage waveform is then generated by the cascaded multilevel inverter consisting of two individual H-bridges. ADVANTAGES:

 lines

Eliminates the need of high cost transformer Eliminates interference with telecommunication

Prevents overheating and overloading Improves the performance of AC drives Can obtain high output voltage gain Future scope: synchronization of power generation system with grid without use of transformers is possible CONCLUSION:

REFERENCES: Bhim singh,Kamal Alhaddad and A.Chandra a new control approach to 3 phase harmonics and reactive power compensation,IEEE Trans vol.13,no 1 feb 1998 W.Liqia,L Ping Z Zhongchoastudy on shunt actve power filters based on cascaded multilevel converters in 35th IEEE power electronic specialist conference 2004 H.Miranda V Cardens J Perez A Hybrid multilevel inverter for shunt active power filters using space vector control35th IEEE power electronics specialist conference 2004

Hardware demonstration and Presentation: