TENSES

Made to completed an English 2 Subject Task

Written By: Rochehat Pardede NPM : 16211426 Class : 1EA26

AN ECONOMY MANAGEMENT GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY 2012

TENSES
1. Defenition of Tenses Tenses derived from the word Tempus (Latin language) which means time. Tempus is also obtained through the French Temps. So tenses is a verb form in the grammar that shows the occurrence of an act or event and the stage of completion. In English, there are three basic tenses: present, past, and future. Or we can get definition of tenses is changes of the verb which consisting from a main verb or added with helping verb (auxiliary verb), that use to indicate the time from the meaning that contained in the main verb. Each has a perfect form, indicating completed action; each has a progressive form, indicating ongoing action; and each has a perfect progressive form, indicating on going action that will be completed at some definite time. Here is a list of examples of these tenses and their definitions:

Simple Forms Present Past take/s took

Progressive Forms am/is/are taking was/were taking

Perfect Forms have/has taken had taken will have taken

Perfect Progressive Forms have/has been taking had been taking will have been taking

Future will/shall take will be taking

Verb work is a general verb to vice the verb in English. And that word named regular verb. Regular verb from Past Tense and Past Participle with add d or ed for verb. And for verb which have different type of Past Tense and Past Participle, named Irregular Verb. All verbs in English each regular and irregular verb with the third singular person add by s or es. And all type of Present Participle add by ing.

From the five scheme above, there are three only can use as predicate in the a sentence. They are the simple, the third singular person, and the past time. For the other can use with added by auxiliaries.

2.

Formula of 16 English Tenses

1. Verb Verb tenses are a core part of the English language. Verb or verb tenses in the formulas in this blog, verb or verb is often short V i only. So if V + ing the same meaning as Verb + ing, I also often write as "Ving" just so easy.

There are many Verbs in English like V1, V2, V3, and Ving. Verb 1 or I concise with V1, which is the basic verbs, such as: drink, go, write, read, Participate, learn, study, and so forth. There is a second verb, and I concise with V2. For the third verb I concise with V3. And for Verbs which have an insert ING I concise with V-ing.

2. Verbs change form Verbs change form 1 (V1) to form the second (V2) and form into 3 (V2) there is regular (have formula) and some are irregular (havent formula). Well this is what makes the English language has become complicated for us people of Indonesia.

3. Regular Verb That means it has a regularity of form, there is such formula add "d" or "ed" as: live lived - lived, play played played, etc. Although there are rules but the change rules there are still for a few.

4. Irregular Verb For example, the verb "drink" in a row to form the 1 to 3: Drank-drink-drunk. One another such example: break-broke-broken.

KINDS OF TENSES
1. Simple Present Tense PATTERN: (+) S + V1 + O / C (-) S + Do / does + not + V1 + O / C (?) Do / does + S + V1 + O / C

FUNCTION: a. To declare a custom (habitual action) or the activity that occurs repeatedly - again and again and again. b. To state a general truth (general truth). c. Used in the language of drama, radio comments and the like. Ex : When the curtain Rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.

DESCRIPTION TIME: a. Every morning / day / week / month / year b. Once, twice, three times, four times, ... c. Adverb of frequency: always, usually, Sometimes, Often, never, seldom.

2. Present Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + To Be + V1 ing + O / C (-) S + To Be + not + V1 ing + O / C (?) To Be + S + V1 ing + O / C

FUNCTIONS: a. To express an activity that is ongoing at the time said. b. To declare the on going activities but not necessarily taking place when the statement said.
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DESCRIPTION TIME: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

Note: When there are verbs such as: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! (Imperative), then tenses its Present Continuous. Example: * Look! The man is climbing. * Listen! The girls next door are singing my favorite song.

3.

Present Perfect Tense

PATTERN: (+) S + Have + V3 + O/C (-) S + Have + Not + V3 + O/C (?) Have + S + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: a. To declare an act that occurred in the past and the timing is not certain. b. To state the events that have been done and might do again in a time that would come

DESCRIPTION TIME: Since, for, just (just), already, yet, so far.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + have / has + been + V ing + O/C (-) S + have / has + not + been + V ing + O/C (?) Have / has + been + S + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To express an activity that began in the past and its still on going.

DESCRIPTION TIME: For, since.

5. Simple Past Tense PATTERN: (+) S + V2 +O / C (-) S + did + not + V2 + O / C (?) Did + S + O / C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activities that occur at specific times in the past.

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. Last week 2. Last month 3. Last sunday 4. 5 Years Ago 5. Yesterday 6. 2 Days ago

6. Past Continuous Tense

PATTERN:

(+)S + was / were + V ing + O/C (-) S + was / were + not + V ing + O/C (?) Was / Were + S + V ing + O/C
FUNCTION:

a. To describe the events that are happening in the past. Example:

I was studying at my friend's house. My parents were chatting in the living room.

b. To describe an event that is taking place in the past, where other events also occur. Example:
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When I was studying, someone knocked the door. When I was walking to school, I met Dian Sastro.

7. Past Perfect tense PATTERN: (+): S + had + V3 + O/C (-): S + had + not + V3 + O/C (?): Had + S + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activities that occurred prior to other activities in the past appear. Example:

The teachers went home after They had finished teaching. When I arrived Kridosono, my favorite artist had performed.

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. When 2. Twice 3. Since

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Had + Been + V ing + O/C (-) S + Had + not + Been + V ing + O/C (?) Had + S + Been + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activities that have start and its still on going in the past Example: 1. When he came to Surabaya in 1999, I had already been living there about ten years
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DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. About ten years 2. For a time

9. Simple Future Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To State the Activity in the next time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. Next week 2. Next Sunday 3. Next month 4. Tomorrow 5. Next morning

10. Future Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + Be + V ing + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + Be + V ing + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + Be + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To Show the activity that will on going in the next time

DESCRIPTION TIME : 1. Tomorrow morning, etc

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11. Future Perfect Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V 3 + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + Have + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. Use to state the activity that have begin at last time, and will finish in next time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. By nex year 2. By the end of this week 3. 3 years later 4. 4 day again

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V ing + O/C (-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + V ing + O/C (?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity that have start in the last day but still continue in the next time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. By the end of this year 2. 3 years later 3. 3 day again, etc

13. Past Future Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Would/Should + V1 + O/C (-) S + Would/Should + not + V1 + O/C (?) Would/Should + S + V1 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity for next time but have do in the last time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. For the next week 2. For the next year 3. The previous day

14. Past Future Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Would/Should + Be + V ing + O/C (-) S + Would/Should + not + Be + V ing + O/C (?) Would/Should + S + Be + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity that will begin in the last time

DESCRIPTION TME: 1. For the next week 2. For the next year 3. The previous day

15. Past Future Perfect Tense PATTERN: (+) S + Would/Should + Have + V3 + O/C (-) S + Would/Should + not + Have + V3 + O/C (?) Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity that imposible be happen because the condition not complete in the last time

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. Last year 2. Last week 3. Last Sunday

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense PATTERN: (+) S + would/should + have + been + V ing + O/C (-) S + would + not + have + been + V ing + O/C (?) Would + S + have + been + V ing + O/C

FUNCTION: 1. To state the activity or an event that will have on going in the last time.

DESCRIPTION TIME: 1. By the end of this year 2. For 2 years

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EXAMPLE of TENSES

1. Simple Present Tense (+) Siska Reads book everyday (-) Siska does not Read book everyday (?) Does Siska Read book everyday ?

2. Present Continuous Tense (+) He is playing badminton now (-) He isnt playing badminton now (?) Is he playing badminton now ?

3. Present Perfect Tense (+) My sister has lived here for 2 years (-) My sister has not lived here for 2 years (?) Has my sister lived here for 2 years ?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (+) She has been going to Malang since evening (-) She hasnt been going to Malang since evening (?) Has she been going to Malang ?

5. Simple Past Tense

(+) I saw a good film last night (-) I didnt saw a good film last night (?) Did I Saw a good film last night ?

6. Past Continuous Tense (+) He was watching television all afternoon last week (-) He wasnt watching television all afternoon last week (?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week ?
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7. Past Perfect tense (+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motorcycle (-) When my brother arrived , I hadnt painted my motorcycle (?) Had I painted my motorcycle , when my brother arrived ?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (+) They had been living there for two month (-) They hadnt been living there for two month (?) Had they been living there for two month ?

9. Simple Future Tense (+) She will go to Bandung tomorrow (-) She wont go to Bandung tomorrow (?) Will she go to Bandung tomorrow ?

10. Future Continuous Tense (+) I will be studying tomorrow night (-) I wont be studying tomorrow night (?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

11. Future Perfect Tense (+) I will have done my work by the end of this week (-) I wont have done my work by the end of this week (?) Will I have done my work by the end of this week ?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (+) I will have been reading a news paper (-) I will havent been reading a news paper (?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

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13. Past Future Tense (+) I would go to Medan for three days (-) I would not go to Medan for three days (?) Would I go to Medan for three days ?

14. Past Future Continuous Tense (+) I should be swimming tomorrow (-) I shouldnt be swimming tomorrow (?) Shall I be swimming at tomorrow ?

15. Past Future Perfect Tense (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard (-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard (?)Would he have graduated if he had studied hard ?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years (-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldnt have been walking here for seventeen year (?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years ?

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REFERENCE
1. Aras, Soenardan, 2007. Learning for Tenses, Penerbit : Multimedia Book. Semarang 2. Halim, Andreas, 2003. Kamus Lengkap 900 Juta, Penerbit : Sulita Jaya. Surabaya 3. http://www.scribd.com/doc/13750795/12-Penggunaan-Tenses 4. http://www.scribd.com/doc/13750776/Tenses-Aktif-Pasif 5. http://www.scribd.com/doc/13750819/16-Penggunaan-Tenses 6. Marcellino, Leo, 1993. Summary of Verb Tenses, Penerbit : AMINEF. Jakarta 7. Saslow, J. M and John F. Mongillo, 1985. English in Context: Reading Comprehension for Science and Technology, Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 8. Swan, Michael and Cahterine Walter, 1992. The New Cambridge English Course Student 3 Intermediate, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge

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