Elect Row Inning Copper and Silver From Nitric Acid

Electrometals Technologies Limited
A C N 000 751 093
28 Commercial Drive Ashmore Queensland Australia 4214 Telephone: 61 7 5526 4663 Facsimile: 61 7 5527 0299 Email Address: emew@electrometals.com.au
Electrowinning of Silver and Copper from a Nitric Acid based Electrolyte

August 2003
CONFIDENTIAL
This report has been prepared on behalf of the parties to whom it is addressed and is not intended for general circulation. Specifically, it should not be copied or circulated to any party who has not arrived at a confidentiality agreement with Electrometals Technologies Limited. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure accuracy in data presentation and calculations performed, the company takes no responsibility for any actions or decisions made as a consequence of this report.
SUMMARY
Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme
October 2003
The following report details the results of a series of EMEW electrowinning test runs carried to assess the ability of the EMEW cell to recovery metals in nitric acid based electrolyte containing silver, lead and copper. This testing was carried out during August/September 2003. The target solution was fabricated in Electrometals laboratory in Australia, based on the expected composition of a silver refinery bleed stream. Relevant metal concentrations in the nitric acid feed solution were as follows: Silver : Lead : Copper : 163 g/L 30 g/L 45 g/L
The primary thrust of the programme has been to establish a direct method for removal of copper from an electrorefinery bleed stream, and thereby allow: 1. 2. Recycle of solution, rather than dumping when copper levels become too high in the refinery, and Refineries to source and refine high copper silver scrap without high disposal cost penalties.
A total of 15 tests were performed, targeting the three metals of interest (silver, lead and copper) in the following stages: Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 : : : : Electrowinning of silver and lead from copper bearing nitric solution Electrowinning of copper from nitric solution Electrowinning of copper from nitric solution containing lead Electrowinning of low levels of silver from copper bearing nitric solution
The results of the programme have been positive, with relevant conclusions and observations being summarised as follows. In initial electrowinning, with the three metals in solution, silver and lead are recovered contemporaneously with the silver forming a metal powder on the cathode and the lead forming an oxide on the surface of the anode. High current efficiency was achieved with silver recovery between 163 g/L and 82 g/L at a current efficiency in excess of 90%. In the first series of tests silver was depleted to approximately 25 g/L with, as would be expected, some deterioration in current efficiency at low concentration. Lead was depleted from 30.1 to 9.7 g/L in this series. Some attempt was made to obtain a clean separation between the two products in the initial electrowinning, using a sock covering the anode to collect lead oxide. Operating parameters were not optimised, or a variety of diaphragm materials tested but this work indicates that, with the right materials, a clean separation can be achieved. The programme has therefore demonstrated the viability of stripping of both lead and silver contemporaneously from a nitric solution as two separable products, at high current efficiency. As copper was the major target of the programme, a number of tests were performed on copper nitric solution. These tests, under appropriate operating conditions, have demonstrated virtually straight line recovery of copper from 50 g/L down to 1 g/L with current efficiency remaining high throughout and the product being a coherent dense cathode. Several electrowinning runs confirmed the ability of the cell to strip copper down to less than 20 ppm from the target solution.
CONFIDENTIAL 2
4.08.2005
October 2003
The copper electrowinning tests were carried out at varying concentrations of free nitric acid and copper. Operating at a current density of 500 A.m-2 and free acid concentration of 300 g/L, little or no copper recovery was achieved. However, highly efficient stripping was accomplished at 250 g/L acid, at the same current density. A potential limit to efficient stripping of copper is therefore indicated but it is possible that further optimisation of operating parameters (higher current density) may lift that limit. A series of low copper feed tests (8 g/L Cu) have demonstrated the capability of the EMEW cell to strip the contaminant metal down to around 20 ppm. Testing of solution containing low levels of silver (12-13 g/L), with high copper (30g/L), demonstrated the progressive stripping of the two metals. In the relevant tests, silver was first stripped to very low level (8-10 ppm) prior to the onset of copper recovery.
The programme has therefore effectively demonstrated that the EMEW technology can be viably used to: 1. 2. Recover silver from a high concentration nitric solution down to negligible levels (<10 ppm) Efficiently strip contaminant lead and copper from a high concentration nitric acid solution, in a single step without addition of any chemicals or other reagents.
When lead is present in solution it co-plates with either the silver or copper but as an anode, rather than cathode, product. Separation of the metals can therefore be achieved using an appropriate diaphragm mounted around the anode, or chemically after harvesting. The methodology and order in which the process steps are performed will depend on the actual composition of the target solution and the clients requirements from a flow sheet point of view. The precise flow sheet setting and performance requirements for a commercial plant will depend on client requirements. However, for indicative purposes, the result of the test programme indicate the following plant sizing, for a production rate of 25 tonnes per month of silver and/or 10 tonnes per month of copper: Silver powder production: 30 EMEW powder cells; Copper cathode production: 60 EMEW plating cells.
The final size of the plant would be determined by actual composition of the electrolyte and the acidity of the electrolyte in copper electrowinning. It is possible that the plant size could be further reduced through higher current density in one or other of the applications. There are a number of decisions that will have to be made prior to obtaining a pricing on these facilities (such as the configuration of the circuits and the degree to which they would be automated). A broad budget estimate at this point would be of the order of: Silver plant Copper plant : : A$300,000 A$350,000
The results of this programme have clearly confirmed that the EMEW technology can be seriously considered for treatment of the refinery bleed stream and control of contaminants in a silver circuit.
CONFIDENTIAL 3
4.08.2005
October 2003
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY TEST METHODOLOGY TEST RESULTS Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 CONCLUSION APPENDIX Test Data Sheets 2 5 6 7 9 10 11 12
CONFIDENTIAL 4
4.08.2005
October 2003
1.0
TEST METHODOLOGY
Standard EMEW tests are performed using a laboratory scale cell through which the target solution is pumped on a continuous basis. An inventory of between 5 and 20 litres of solution is established and recycled through the cell for a period of time, whilst electrowinning is being performed. A variety of tests are performed under differing electrowinning conditions (current density and flow). Periodic samples are taken of the inventory to determine progressive depletion of the target metals. This methodology allows: 1. 2. 3. Current efficiency to be determined at specific metal concentrations, Production rate in electrowinning over specific metal concentration ranges Determination of product nature and quality
The laboratory scale EW tests were conducted on a 50mm EMEW cell with a DSA3 (oxygen evolving anode) and a stainless steel cathode shim. The extensive data base collected on performance of the EMEW cell over the past ten years allows confident scaling up of performance data to the commercial size units. Periodic samples were taken throughout each run and analysed to monitor the depletion of target metals. All samples were analysed by AAS in the Electrometals laboratory. Electrolyte pH and conductivity were periodically measured throughout the runs. Cell voltage was periodically recorded. The continuous flow through the EMEW cell avoids mass transfer limitations of other electrowinning technologies allowing efficient recoveries at low grade by continuously replenishing the electrolyte near the cathode, minimising localised depletion. The sealed nature of the circuit allows gases produced to be handled at the most convenient point in the circuit, where scrubbers and/or ventilation may be positioned. This prevents mist generation and the release of toxic or flammable gases within the cell operating environment.
CONFIDENTIAL 5
4.08.2005
October 2003
2.0
TEST RESULTS
Individual tests data sheets are provided in the Appendix to this report for all of the test runs completed. Each of these data sheets provides: The conditions under which the run was performed Cell current, voltage and flow Periodic assays for silver, lead and copper Product description Metal depletion graph
The test data sheets also provide the equivalent silver and copper production rates that would be achieved in a six or eight inch diameter EMEW cell: 1. 2. On a periodic basis between sample intervals (i.e. from the concentration reported in the preceding sample time), and On a cumulative basis from the initial feed concentration down to the silver value recorded at each sample interval.
The following table summarises the conditions under which each run was performed, in each stage of the programme. Run Stage 1 R-01 R-02 R-03 Stage 2 RCu-1 RCu-2 RCu-3 RCu-4 R-04 R-05 R-06 R-07 Stage 3 R-08 Stage 4 R-09 R-10 CD (A.m-2) 480 480 240 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Flow (L.hr-1) 600 600 600 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 Metals in solution Ag, Pb, Cu Ag, Pb, Cu Ag, Pb, Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu, Pb Ag, Cu Ag, Cu HNO3 Acid (g/L) 5 20 20 20 60 250 100 60 300 300 250 60 40 60 Product Ag powder & lead oxide Ag powder & lead oxide Ag powder & lead oxide Cu plate Cu plate Cu plate Brittle Cu plate Cu plate Cu plate Cu plate & lead oxide Ag powder & Cu plate Ag powder
Discussion of the results from the individual stages of the work, along with pertinent observations on electrowinning performance and product nature, are summarised below:
CONFIDENTIAL 6
4.08.2005
Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme 2.1 STAGE 1
October 2003
Stage 1 of the programme was aimed at obtaining initial data on operating performance and potential selectivity for the three target metals. The solution was fabricated in Electrometals laboratory in accordance with a detailed composition provided by a silver refinery, as detailed in the following table. Supplied assay Average (mg/L) 24 <1 <1 91 48627 45 72 517 13 134 14 1 7 33377 <1 121 206 110 158000
Element
Prepared solution Reagent Amount used used (g/L)
Cd Be Au Ni Cu Zn Cr Ca Si Al Bi Co Mn Pb Sb Fe Pd Mg Ag
N/A N/A Ni(NO3)2.6H2O Cu(NO3)2.3H2O ZnO K2Cr2O7 CaCO3 N/A Al(NO3)3.9H2O N/A MnO2 Pb(NO3)2 N/A Fe(II)SO4 N/A MgO AgNO3
0.45 184.9 0.06 0.2 1.29 1.86
0.01 48.7 0.33 0.33 0.18 248.93
The first two runs (R 1 and 2) were operated at 500 A.m-2, at two different flow rates (600 and 150 L/hr) being targeted at obtaining an initial stripping profile for the metals, under differing mass transport conditions. The third test was operated at a lower current density 240 A.m-2). As illustrated in the chart below, the results from the first test run clearly show that: 1. 2. 3. Silver is recovered at high current efficiency (cumulative 90%), on a straight line basis between 160 and 80 g/L. Lead is stripped, again on a relatively straight line basis, contemporaneously with the silver. Whilst efficient silver recovery is maintained, there is no co-plating of copper
CONFIDENTIAL 7
4.08.2005
October 2003
180 160 140 120

Ag (g/L)
Metals Depletion Profile
60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Pb, Cu (g/L)
100 80 60 40 20 0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 Elapsed time (hr) 5.00
Ag Pb Cu
0.0 6.00 10.0
Silver was recovered in the form of a coarse powder which liberates readily from the cathode suiting automated harvesting in the EMEW powder cell. The lead was deposited on the DSA anode in the cell, as an oxide. Electrometals anode supplier has indicated that the anode will not be damaged by this lead oxide coating, but they do recommend that temperature in the electrolyte be maintained at less than 50oC. Some of the silver powder produced in the test work was pressed into pellets to determine the achievable density of a compacted product. The maximum density achieved at 1000MPa was 10.36 g.cm-3. This is equivalent to 98.7% of the SG of silver metal. Indicated metal production rates (for the 8 inch powder cell) are as follows: Silver Lead 35-40 kg/day 12-15 kg/day
The second test run in this series utilised the same batch of solution as the first run with a filter cloth placed over the anode to achieve some separation of the silver and lead products. Current density was maintained at around 500 A.m-2, but flow rate was lower than the first run. Due to the progressive depletion of the metals and the lower flow rate, current efficiency in this run was lower than the first (silver recovery between 82 and 25 g/L at a cumulative current efficiency of 25%). A reasonable physical separation of the lead oxide from the silver powder was obtained, indicating that this should be readily achievable in a full sized cell. Some development work will be required to identify a suitable material for a diaphragm and a suitable mechanism for its mounting in the cell. A methodology for harvesting of the two products will also have to be established. However, it is also probable that the two products could be readily separated from a mixed powder, given that the lead is oxidised. The third run in the series again achieved stripping of silver and lead to levels of 89 and 9.7 g/L respectively at a lower current density than the first two runs (240 A.m-2). Current efficiency was generally lower than that achieved at 500 A.m-2, and silver recovery slowed significantly towards the end of the test. It is probable that this is the result of redissolution of silver product under the high acid regime.
CONFIDENTIAL 8
4.08.2005
October 2003
2.2
STAGE 2
Electrowinning of copper was carried out over a range of acid concentrations, to determine the impact of acid concentration on electrowinning performance - and to obtain data on operating performance in the selected copper concentration range. The lowest acidity was a pH of 0.5 (approx 20 g/L HNO3) and the highest contained approximately 300g/L nitric acid. The eight tests carried out in this series were operated at constant electrowinning conditions 500 A.m-2 and 500 L/hr flow rate. They were carried out in two groups one commencing at 50g/L Cu (Tests R4-7); and the other at approximately 8 g/L (RCu1-4) targeted at establishing performance data over the entire possible concentration range. Little or no copper recovery was achieved at a free acid concentration of 300 g/L. However, as illustrated in the following plot, excellent recovery to low concentrations was obtained at acid concentrations of 60 and 250 g/L. Both of the tests achieved a cumulative current efficiency of around 80% in stripping copper from 50 g/L down to 1 g/L. These results suggest that there may be a limitation to the electrowinning at very high acid concentration. However it is considered possible that with further optimisation of the electrowinning conditions (for example higher current density) that the indicated limit can be lifted.
Copper depletion Tests 4 and 7

60 50 40 Cu (g/l) 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 Test duration (hrs) 20 25 30 HNO3 - 60 g/l HNO3 - 250 g/l
Product from the electrowinning in these two tests was a good coherent cathode. Equivalent production rate for a commercial production cell would be of the order of 5.7 kg/cell/day of copper for the standard 6 inch EMEW cell (in excess of 11 kg/day if an 8 inch diameter unit were to be used). Final production rate will depend on the copper concentration range over which the electrowinning is performed. The second group of copper tests (RCu1-4) were targeted at obtaining further definition of the depletion profile at low copper concentrations. Again these tests were operated at constant current density and flow, with the major variable being acid concentration. The following chart plots the depletion profiles for these runs:
CONFIDENTIAL 9
4.08.2005
October 2003
Copper profiles Low Cu, varying acid

10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 Cu (g/l) 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 20 g/l 60 g/l 100 g/l 250 g/l
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Elapsed time (hrs)
Efficient copper recovery was achieved at all acid concentrations. However at 100 g/L efficiency is clearly lower. Insufficient work has been carried out to determine the reason for the lower efficiency at this acid level but it is potentially an effect of the differing rates that copper will dissolve in nitric. It is expected that efficiency at this level can be increased through further optimisation of the electrowinning conditions. 2.3 STAGE 3
A single test run was performed to determine the effect, on copper recovery, of high levels of lead in solution. A 5L sample of synthetic electrolyte was taken. A solution of NaCl was added to precipitate the contained silver as AgCl. The precipitate was removed by filtration. The silver content of the resulting solution was 0.56 mg/L. There was no attempt made to optimise the silver precipitation stage. An excess of chloride was added which resulted in some chlorine evolution during electrowinning. The resulting solution contained approximately 42 g/L Cu and 25 g/L Pb. As illustrated in the metal profile for this test, the presence of high lead concentration did not prevent the recovery of copper but the lead was contemporaneously stripped as an oxide on the anode, in a similar manner to the initial tests where silver and lead were stripped together. Current efficiency remained high for the copper to produce a coherent cathode.
CONFIDENTIAL 10
4.08.2005
October 2003
Metals Depletion Profile Cu and Lead
45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0

Cu (g/L)
25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

0.00 5.00 10.00 Elapsed time (hr) 15.00
2.4
STAGE 4
The final two tests in this programme were targeted at assessing the level of contamination of the product when progressively stripping silver from a copper contaminated solution. Silver was stripped from the first test run too quickly for useful data to be contained. The silver powder product from the second run was harvested periodically and kept separate for later analysis; the results of this analysis are shown below. Since electrolyte was being depleted as the silver powder was produced the range product represents are range of silver concentrations. Silver grade range (g/L) 13.0 - 10.5 10.5 5.4 5.4 2.9 2.9 0.2 0.2 - 0.07 0.07 0.10 Copper contamination within range (%) 0.008 0.009 0.037 0.055 0.27 23.5
Copper contamination becomes significant when the silver in the electrolyte is in the range 70-100 mg/L. It is possible to extend the range where high purity silver powder is produced by changing operating parameters for example, operating at a lower current density at lower silver concentration. These results are in line with data collected from previous programmes in confirming that a high grade silver product can be electrowon from a contaminated solution down to low silver concentration. In this application, in excess of the silver can be recovered from the refinery bleed stream (prior to copper recovery) as a product that does not require further refining. The degree of contamination of the product at very low silver level reflects the onset of copper electrowinning after silver is depleted. This selectivity was also observed in the product from these runs with copper plating over the silver powder at the end of the run.
CONFIDENTIAL 11
4.08.2005
October 2003
CONCLUSION The programme reported here has successfully examined a number of separate targets in treatment of a silver refinery waste stream, using EMEW direct electrowinning. It has not necessarily optimised electrowinning conditions for all possible solution compositions but it has clearly demonstrated the following: 1. The work has confirmed the results from previous testing with production of high quality silver from a nitric solution contaminated with relatively high levels of copper. In all cases, silver has been recovered as a powder on the cell cathode, which suits automated harvesting using the EMEW powder cell. Production rate in a commercial facility will vary depending on the concentration widow targeted and the electrowinning conditions used. Under selected conditions, production rate from a single EMEW powder cell can reach 35+ kg per day of silver. The programme has established that the EMEW cell is capable of successfully stripping copper from nitric solution under a widely varying set of conditions. It is probable that electrowinning conditions can be optimised further, but appropriate settings have been generated for stripping of copper from 45 g/L down to approximately 20 ppm. It has been established that the EMEW cell is capable of contemporaneous recovery of silver and lead, or copper and lead, from a complex nitric solution. In both cases, lead is recovered as an oxide on the anode while either a silver powder or competent copper plate is formed on the cathode. It is possible that the two products can be separately harvested from the cell, or they can be chemical separated after harvesting. The work illustrates also that the EMEW cell is capable of stripping lead from nitric waste solutions
2.
3.
4.
The precise flow sheet setting and performance requirements for a commercial plant will depend on client requirements. However, for indicative purposes, the result of the test programme indicate the following plant sizing, for a production rate of 25 tonnes per month of silver and/or 10 tonnes per month of copper: Silver powder production: 30 EMEW powder cells; Copper cathode production: 60 EMEW plating cells.
The final size of the plant will be determined by actual composition of the electrolyte and the acidity of the electrolyte in copper electrowinning. It is possible that the plant size could be further reduced through higher current density in one or other of the applications. There are a number of decisions that will have to be made prior to obtaining a pricing on these facilities (such as the configuration of the circuits and the degree to which they would be automated).
CONFIDENTIAL 12
4.08.2005
Silver, copper, lead EW Programme APPENDIX: Test Data Sheets:

CLIENT: R R-01 Test No.: Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte Date: 5-Aug-03 S/S 5.00 L Cathode: Batch Volume: DSA3 600 L/hr Anode: Flowrate: 12.5 mm Velocity: 0.11 m/s Gap:
Electrometals Technologies Limited October 2003
Cell used: 50mm Current: Cathode: Anode: 20 A -2 480 Am -2 961 Am Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Ag 4.022 g/Ahr YC 8in cell Ag Per Prod kg/day 35.2 80.3 56.8 37.7 47.7 52.2 44.3
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 600 20.0 1.95 1.00 600 20.0 1.50 1.17 600 20.0 1.26 1.67 600 20.0 1.74 1.67 600 20.0 1.61 2.17 600 20.0 1.49 2.67 600 20.0 1.25 2.67 600 20.0 1.77 3.17 600 20.0 1.86 4.17 600 20.0 1.54 5.17 600 20.0 1.38
Ag g/L 163 151 153 138 143 133 126 128 119 99 82
Pb g/L 30.1 26.1 25.9 22.8 23.6 22.2 20.0 21.4 19.2 17.2 16.7
Cu g/L 45.8 47.1 48.4 48.3 50.1 49.9 50.2 51.8 52.4 51.9 53.9
pH 2.04
Conductivity 92.70 104.60 118.30 205.80
Ag Per CE% 75.8% 173.2% 122.6% 81.4% 102.8% 112.5% 95.5%
Ag Cum CE% 75.8% 56.1% 91.2% 74.0% 85.2% 84.5% 78.7% 82.5% 89.7% 90.8%
Ag Cum Prod kg/day 35.2 26.0 42.3 34.3 39.5 39.2 36.5 38.3 41.6 42.1
169.20 191.10
Product Description Nature: Powder Colour: Coverage: Even and complete Morphology: Adherence: Requires mechanical removal at high [Ag] Appearance: Bright Other: Bleck dendritic deposit on anode Product Reconciliation Shim weight: 7.9 g
180 160 140 120

Ag (g/L)
60.0 50.0 Pb, Cu (g/L) 40.0 30.0
100 80 60 40 20 0
0.00 1.00 2.00
Ag Pb Cu
3.00 Elapsed time (hr) 4.00 5.00
20.0 10.0 0.0 6.00
Metal from solution:
377.44 g
CONFIDENTIAL 13 4.08.2005
Silver, copper, lead EW Programme
CLIENT: R R-02 Test No.: Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte - with 'sock' on anode Date: 15-Aug-03 S/S 3.58 L 20 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 600 L/hr 480 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 12.5 mm Velocity: 0.11 m/s Anode: 961 Am Gap:
Cell used: 50mm Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Ag 4.022 g/Ahr YC 8in cell Ag Per Prod kg/day 39.2 17.2 11.5 5.1 1.9 23.0 1.6 6.7 1.7
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ag g/L 82 63 54 49 46 46 44 31 29 26 25
Cu g/L 53.9 54.4 54.8 55.7 55.2 55.3 54.5 55.6 56.3 55.9 55.4
Pb g/L 16.9 16.0 15.7 15.3 14.6 14.7 16.7 15.9 14.3 13.7 13.0
pH
Ag Per CE% 84.6% 37.1% 24.9% 10.9% 4.1%
Ag Cum CE% 84.6% 60.9% 48.9% 39.4% 35.5% 37.1% 39.4% 29.2% 27.5% 25.0%
Ag Cum Prod kg/day 39.2 28.2 22.7 18.3 16.4 17.2 18.3 13.5 12.8 11.6
0.48 49.6% 3.4% 14.5% 3.7%
Product Description Nature: Powder Colour: silver Coverage: even (patchy at low [Ag]) Morphology: Adherence: Easily washed off Appearance: Other: Black deposit on anode. Product Reconciliation Shim weight: 7.9 g
90 80 70 60
Ag (g/L)
60.0 50.0
Ag Pb
30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 10.00 Pb, Cu (g/L)
Cu
40.0
50 40 30 20 10 0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 Elapsed time (hr)
8.00
194.66 g
Client: R R-03 Test No.: Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte - with 'sock' on anode Date: 15-Aug-03 S/S 3.58 L 10 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 500 L/hr 240 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 12.5 mm Velocity: 0.09 m/s Anode: 480 Am Gap:
Cell used: 50mm Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Ag 4.022 g/Ahr YC 8in cell Ag Per Prod kg/day 19.8 34.8 14.4 23.8 15.8 14.8 13.9 6.0 21.6
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 1.74 1.00 500 10.0 1.63 2.00 500 10.0 1.59 3.00 500 10.0 1.47 4.00 500 10.0 1.51 4.00 500 10.0 1.57 5.00 500 10.0 1.66 6.00 500 10.0 1.53 7.00 500 10.0 1.56 8.00 500 10.0 1.43 9.00 500 10.0 1.60 9.25 500 10.0 1.61 10.25 500 10.0 1.63 12.25 500 10.0 1.70 13.92 500 10.0 1.43
Ag g/L 161 151 154 137 129 129 117 108 100 92 88 85 87 96 89
Cu g/L 49.4 49.3 49.7 49.2 50.2 49.9 48.6 49.8 49.7 50.2 49.6 48.7 49.5 51.6 50.3
Pb g/L 29.6 28.1 25.6 21.8 17.9 17.9 16.9 16.2 14.8 14.0 12.9 12.5 11.7 11.3 9.7
pH 2.39
Conductivity
Ag Per CE% 85.5%
Ag Cum CE% 85.5% 29.2% 69.5% 67.7% 67.9% 74.9% 73.8% 72.3% 70.8% 65.8% 66.6% 59.0% 43.9% 42.1%
Ag Cum Prod kg/day 19.8 6.8 16.1 15.7 15.7 17.4 17.1 16.8 16.4 15.3 15.4 13.7 10.2 9.8
0.81 0.47 0.26 150.1% 62.3% 102.8% 68.2% 63.7% 60.1% 26.1% 93.2%
29.0%
6.7
Product Description Nature: Powder (some dendrites) Colour: Silver on cathode. Black on anode. Coverage: Even and complete. Morphology: Adherence: Easily removed Appearance: Other: Lead oxide deposit on anode. Product Reconciliation
180 160 140 120

Ag (g/L)
60.0 50.0 Pb, Cu (g/L) 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 16.00
Ag Cu Pb
100 80 60 40 20 0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 Elapsed time (hr) 12.00 14.00
238.28 g
CLIENT: R R-04 Test No.: Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte (pH 0 or approx. 60g/L Nitric acid) Date: 5-Sep-03 S/S 5.00 L 10 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 500 L/hr 499 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 1551 Am Gap:
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Per prod Cum prod kg/day kg/day 8.0 10.0 6.1 4.0 5.9 7.7 7.7 6.1 8.2 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.3 8.1 6.9 6.4 6.3 1.7 8.0 9.2 8.1 6.4 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.7
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 2.41 0.75 500 10.0 2.35 1.75 500 10.0 2.72 2.75 500 10.0 2.71 4.75 500 10.0 2.46 9.75 500 10.0 2.14 10.75 500 10.0 2.35 11.75 500 10.0 2.35 12.75 500 10.0 2.18 13.75 500 10.0 2.15 14.75 500 10.0 2.56 15.75 500 10.0 2.63 16.75 500 10.0 2.37 16.75 500 10.0 2.53 17.75 500 10.0 2.47 18.75 500 10.0 2.55 19.75 500 10.0 2.66 20.75 500 10.0 2.60 21.75 500 10.0 2.59 22.75 500 10.0 2.89 23.75 500 10.0 2.81
Cu g/L 51.4 49.4 46.0 43.9 41.1 35.5 33.4 30.6 25.8 23.7 20.0 17.7 14.7 14.9 12.4 10.1 7.30 4.96 2.82 0.783 0.245
pH 0.00
Conductivity
Per CE% 112.5% 141.6% 86.3% 56.8%
Cum CE% 112.5% 129.1% 113.6% 89.6% 66.6% 68.2% 71.6% 74.5% 75.3% 78.0% 79.1% 80.2% 78.9% 79.8% 80.3% 82.0% 82.7% 83.1% 83.3% 80.8%
0.15 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 -0.02 .0.03 0.25 0.21 0.23 0.02 0.23 0.21 0.34 0.34
82.8% 108.9% 107.9% 85.6% 115.0% 95.1% 97.6% 95.1% 89.3% 113.8% 96.7% 90.5% 88.4% 23.5%
Product Description Nature: Copper plate Colour: Coverage: Even and complete Morphology: Some dendrites at high [Cu] Adherence: No stree or pealling Appearance: Other: Plate became brittle at high acidity. Product Reconciliation
60.0 50.0 40.0

Cu (g/L)
30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0

0.00 5.00
227.42 g
10.00 15.00 Elapsed time (hr)
20.00
25.00
CLIENT: R R-05 Test No.: Rationale: Cu EW (approx. 300 g/L HNO3) Date: 5-Sep-03 S/S 5.00 L Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: DSA3 500 L/hr Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: Gap:
Cell used: 28mm full cell 10 A 499 Am-2 1551 Am-2 Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Per prod Cum prod kg/day kg/day
Sample 0 1 2 3 4
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 2.01 2.00 500 10.0 2.11 3.00 500 10.0 2.14 5.00 500 10.0 2.02 6.00 500 10.0 2.13
Cu g/L 51.9 51.9 51.9 51.9 51.9
pH
Conductivity
Product Description Nature: Colour: Coverage: <5% Morphology: Flow lines on limited plate product Adherence: Appearance: Other: NOx gases produced Product Reconciliation
60.0 50.0 40.0

Cu (g/L)
30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0

0.00 1.00 2.00
246.01 g
5.00
6.00
7.00
CLIENT: R R-06 Test No.: Rationale: Test effectiveness of a Ti sleeve (appox. 300g/L HNO3) Date: 5-Sep-03 Cathode: S/S Batch Volume: 5.00 L Current: 10 A -2 Anode: DSA3 Flowrate: 500 L/hr Cathode: 499 Am -2 Gap: 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 1551 Am
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Per prod Cum prod kg/day kg/day
Sample 0 1
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 1.80 2.00 500 10.0 1.66
Cu g/L 51.3 51.3
pH
Conductivity
Product Description Nature: No product. Colour: Coverage: Morphology: Adherence: Appearance: Other: Brown NOx gas given off. No product. Product Reconciliation
60.0 50.0 40.0

Cu (g/L)
30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0

0.00 0.50
0.00 g
2.00
2.50
CLIENT: R Test No.: R-07 Rationale: Cu EW from 250 g/L HNO3 (neutralised JBR-06 electrolyte.) Date: 15-Sep-03 Cathode: S/S Batch Volume: 5.18 L Current: 10 A -2 Anode: DSA3 Flowrate: 500 L/hr Cathode: 499 Am -2 Gap: 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 1551 Am
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Cu Per Prod Cu Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 0.3 6.9 7.8 6.9 7.0 7.5 5.1 7.0 7.5 6.7 5.2 4.8 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.2 3.5 4.7 5.3 5.6 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 5.6 5.4
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 1.82 2.00 500 10.0 2.07 2.00 500 10.0 1.74 4.00 500 10.0 1.99 5.50 500 10.0 2.05 7.50 500 10.0 2.04 9.50 500 10.0 2.07 11.50 500 10.0 2.08 12.50 500 10.0 2.08 14.50 500 10.0 2.17 16.50 500 10.0 2.16 18.50 500 10.0 2.51 20.50 500 10.0 2.56 22.50 500 10.0 2.36 24.50 500 10.0 2.25 25.50 500 10.0 2.31
Cu g/L 49.8 49.6 46.8 42.5 38.8 34.4 29.9 25.0 23.3 18.6 13.5 8.9 5.2 1.8 1.5 1.0
HNO3 g/L 314 244
Conductivity
Cu Per CE% 4.4% 97.4% 110.4% 97.2% 98.2% 105.6% 72.3% 98.7% 105.7% 94.9% 73.2% 68.3% 5.9% 17.8%
Cu Per CE% 4.4% 2.2% 49.8% 66.3% 74.6% 79.5% 84.1% 83.1% 85.3% 87.8% 88.5% 87.0% 85.4% 78.9% 76.5%
251
259
Product Description Nature: Plate Colour: Coverage: Even and complete Morphology: Adherence: Appearance: Other: Product Reconciliation
60.0 50.0 40.0

Cu (g/L)
30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0

0.00 5.00 10.00
235.81 g
25.00
30.00
CLIENT: R R-08 Test No.: Rationale: Cu EW from an electrolyte containing Pb Date: 17-Sep-03 S/S 4.00 L 20 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 500.0 L/hr 997 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 3102 Am Gap:
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Cu Per Prod Cu Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 16.0 6.6 10.9 14.8 7.4 13.9 2.3 0.0 16.0 11.3 11.2 12.1 10.5 11.4 9.5 8.0
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 20.0 3.52 1.00 500 20.0 3.52 2.00 500 20.0 2.96 3.00 500 20.0 2.52 4.00 500 20.0 2.56 6.00 500 20.0 1.90 8.00 500 20.0 2.60 10.00 500 20.0 2.60 12.00 500 20.0 2.78
Cu g/L 42.1 35.4 32.6 27.9 21.4 14.8 2.16 0.018
Pb g/L 25.8 24.5 22.0 19.1 13.3 9.2 4.6 6.7 4.7
pH 0.66 0.00 -0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Conductivity
Cu Per CE% 113.1% 46.5% 76.7% 104.4% 52.1% 98.0% 16.3% 0.1%
Cu Cum CE% 113.1% 79.8% 78.8% 85.2% 74.1% 80.1% 67.3% 56.1%
Product Description Nature: Cathode plate (Pb deposit on anode) Colour: Coverage: Even and complete Morphology: Adherence: Appearance: Other: PbO coating on anode that washed off. Product Reconciliation
45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0

Cu (g/L)
Cu Pb
25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 Elapsed time (hr) 10.00 12.00
159.67 g
CLIENT: R R-09 Test No.: Rationale: Low grade Ag (approx. 40g/L HNO3) Date: 24-Sep-03 S/S 5.00 L Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: DSA3 500 L/hr Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: 12.5 mm Velocity: 0.09 m/s Anode: Gap:
Cell used: 50mm 20 A -2 480 Am -2 961 Am Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Ag 4.022 g/Ahr YC 8in cell Ag Per Prod Ag Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 35.4 0.0 0.0 35.4 17.7 11.8
Sample 0 1 2 3
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 20.0 1.64 1.00 500 20.0 1.63 2.00 500 20.0 1.89 3.00 500 20.0 1.87
Ag mg/L 12300 15 8
Cu g/L 33.9 34.9 32.6 31.7
pH g/L 0.25 0.23
Conductivity 166.00 183.00 185.00 182.00
Ag Per CE% 76.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Ag Cum CE% 76.4% 38.2% 25.5%
Product Description Nature: Fine Ag powder with Cu plate Colour: Grey Ag powder Coverage: Ag powder washed off cell inlet Morphology: Adherence: Appearance: Other: Cu production occurred after Ag was removed Product Reconciliation
14000 12000 10000

Ag (mg/L)
40.0 35.0 30.0
8000 6000 4000 2000 0

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 Elapsed time (hr) 2.50
Ag Cu
20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0
3.00
0.0 3.50
61.46 g
Cu (g/L)
25.0
CLIENT: R R-10 Test No.: Rationale: Low grade Ag-EW (approx. 60g/L HNO3) Date: 24-Sep-03 S/S 5.00 L 5A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 250 L/hr 508 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.13 m/s Anode: 1579 Am Gap:
Cell used: 28mm 1/2 cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Ag 4.022 g/Ahr YC 8 in cell Ag Per Prod Ag Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 57.2 56.7 57.8 54.4 29.7 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.2 57.0 57.2 56.5 47.6 36.0 28.9 24.1 20.7 18.1 16.1 14.8
35.0 30.0 25.0
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0 0.00 250 5.0 1.29 1 0.50 250 5.0 1.18 2 1.00 250 5.0 1.23 3 1.50 250 5.0 1.23 4 2.00 250 5.0 1.45 5 3.00 250 5.0 1.40 6 4.00 250 5.0 1.72 7 5.00 250 5.0 1.93 8 6.00 250 5.0 1.89 9 7.00 250 5.0 1.92 10 8.00 250 5.0 2.07 11 9.00 250 5.0 2.13 12 9.78 250 5.0 2.12 Product Description Nature: Powder Colour: Coverage: Even and complete Morphology: Adherence: Easily washed off Appearance: Other: Product Reconciliation
Sample
Ag g/L 13.0 10.5 8.0 5.4 2.9 0.2 0.07 0.011
Cu g/L 28.8 28.8 28.4 28.8 28.6 28.3 27.8 27.6 27.5 27.3 27.3 26.6 26.2
pH
Conductivity 128.00 128.70 131.90 134.90 138.00 140.60 223.90 142.80 155.20 143.90 141.60 141.40
Ag Per CE% 124.3% 123.2% 125.4% 118.0% 64.4% 3.1% 1.3%
Ag Cum CE% 124.3% 123.8% 124.3% 122.7% 103.3% 78.2% 62.8%
14.0 12.0 10.0

Ag (g/L)
8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 Elapsed time (hr) 8.00
Ag Cu
20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 12.00
10.00
63.19 g
Cu (g/L)
CLIENT: R Test No.: RCu-01 Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte (approx. 20 g/L HNO3) Date: 19-Aug-03 S/S 5.00 L 10 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 500 L/hr 499 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 Gap: 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 1551 Am
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Cu Per Prod Cu Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 8.0 6.6 7.8 7.1 7.3 6.8 5.3 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.0 7.3 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.0 6.3 5.6 5.1 4.2
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 2.75 0.50 500 10.0 2.58 1.00 500 10.0 2.47 1.50 500 10.0 2.38 2.00 500 10.0 2.35 2.50 500 10.0 2.39 3.00 500 10.0 2.32 3.50 500 10.0 2.33 4.00 500 10.0 2.35 4.50 500 10.0 2.49 5.00 500 10.0 2.48 6.00 500 10.0 2.57
Cu g/L 8.84 7.50 6.38 5.05 3.82 2.53 1.32 0.365 0.081 0.060 0.048 0.026
pH 0.53
Conductivity
Cu Per CE% 113.1% 93.3% 109.3% 99.7% 103.2% 95.5% 74.3% 21.8% 1.6% 0.9% 0.8%
Cu Cum CE% 113.1% 103.2% 105.2% 103.9% 103.7% 102.4% 98.3% 88.8% 79.1% 71.3% 59.5%
0.51 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.50
69.90 78.70 84.10 100.80 121.70 107.50 107.30 104.50 103.10 154.50
Product Description Nature: Plate Colour: Red/brown Coverage: Even & complete Morphology: No dendrites or nodules - smooth plate Adherence: Appearance: Other: A strong dense plate was produced Product Reconciliation Shim weight: 7.9 g
10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00
0.00 1.00
Metals Depletion Profile Cu
Cu (g/L)
2.00
42.32 g
5.00
6.00
7.00
CLIENT: R Test No.: RCu-02 Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte (pH 0 or approx 60g/L HNO3 ) Date: 20-Aug-03 S/S 5.00 L 10 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 500 L/hr 499 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 1551 Am Gap:
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Cu Per Prod Cu Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 5.4 4.1 6.8 7.3 5.3 4.6 0.0 0.0 5.4 4.8 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.4 4.3 3.6
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 2.27 0.50 500 10.0 2.32 1.00 500 10.0 2.32 1.50 500 10.0 2.12 2.00 500 10.0 2.13 3.00 500 10.0 2.39 4.00 500 10.0 2.44 5.00 500 10.0 2.46 6.00 500 10.0 2.59
Cu g/L 7.57 6.67 5.97 4.81 3.54 1.67 0.03 0.034 0.051
pH 0.03 0.08
Conductivity 237.10 250.10 253.50 OVER
Cu Per CE% 75.9% 58.3% 95.3% 103.0% 74.8% 64.5% 0.0% -0.7%
Cu Cum CE% 75.9% 67.1% 76.5% 83.1% 80.4% 76.4% 61.1% 50.8%
Product Description Nature: Strong Cu plate Colour: Coverage: Even & complete Morphology: Smooth surface Adherence: Appearance: Other: Nodules/powder at cell outlet <1.5g/L Product Reconciliation
8.00 7.00 6.00

Cu (g/L)
5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 Elapsed time (hr) 5.00 6.00 7.00
36.14 g
CLIENT: R Test No.: RCu-03 Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte (approx. 250g/L Nitric acid) Date: 20-Aug-03 S/S 5.00 L 10 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 500 L/hr 499 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 1551 Am Gap:
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Cu Per Prod Cu Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 7.4 6.3 4.3 4.9 4.1 2.7 3.0 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 7.4 6.8 6.0 5.7 5.2 4.6 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.4
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Elapsed Flowrate Current Voltage time (hr) L/hr A V 0.00 500 10.0 2.05 0.50 500 10.0 2.06 1.00 500 10.0 2.10 1.50 500 10.0 2.20 2.00 500 10.0 2.23 3.00 500 10.0 2.21 4.00 500 10.0 2.25 5.00 500 10.0 2.32 6.00 500 10.0 2.34 6.00 500 10.0 2.24 7.00 500 10.0 2.39 8.00 500 10.0 2.24 9.00 500 10.0 2.27 10.00 500 10.0 2.36
Cu g/L 8.55 7.31 6.25 5.51 4.65 3.19 2.21 1.140 0.893 1.147 0.738 0.496 0.315 0.096
pH
Conductivity
Cu Per CE% 104.6% 88.3% 60.8% 69.7% 58.4% 38.7% 41.6% 9.5% 15.2% 8.9% 6.5% 7.8%
Cu Cum CE% 104.6% 96.5% 84.6% 80.9% 73.4% 64.7% 60.1% 51.7% 50.1% 45.1% 40.6% 36.8% 33.9%
Product Description Nature: Strong Cu plate Colour: Coverage: Even & complete (thinner at outlet) Morphology: Some nodules at outlet end of cell. Adherence: Appearance: Other: Product Reconciliation
9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00

Cu (g/L)
5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 Elapsed time (hr) 8.00 10.00 12.00
40.15 g
CLIENT: R Test No.: RCu-04 Rationale: Synthetic electrolyte (approx. 100g/L Nitric acid) Date: 25-Aug-03 S/S 5.00 L 10 A Cathode: Batch Volume: Current: -2 DSA3 500 L/hr 499 Am Anode: Flowrate: Cathode: -2 9.5 mm Velocity: 0.25 m/s Anode: 1551 Am Gap:
Cell used: 28mm full cell Target Metal: Faraday's constant: Operator: Cu 1.185 g/Ahr YC 6 in cell Cu Per Prod Cu Cum Prod kg/day kg/day 3.6 3.2 0.9 2.3 2.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.4 3.6 3.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8
Sample 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cu g/L 8.37 7.77 7.23 7.08 6.68 6.24 6.01 5.580 5.100 4.800 4.280
pH
Conductivity
Cu Per CE% 50.6% 45.0% 12.3% 32.4% 35.2% 18.1% 16.7% 18.4% 22.7% 19.4%
Cu Cum CE% 50.6% 47.8% 36.0% 35.1% 35.1% 32.3% 28.4% 26.4% 26.1% 25.0%
Product Description Nature: incoherent plate Colour: Coverage: Morphology: Flow lines visible on surface Adherence: Peels away easily Appearance: Other: Product Reconciliation
9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00

Cu (g/L)
5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 Elapsed time (hr) 5.00 6.00 7.00
19.28 g

Elect Row Inning Copper and Silver From Nitric Acid

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Elect Row Inning Copper and Silver From Nitric Acid

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Electrometals Technologies Limited

A C N 000 751 093

Electrowinning of Silver and Copper from a Nitric Acid based Electrolyte

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme 2.1 STAGE 1

Prepared solution Reagent Amount used used (g/L)

0.45 184.9 0.06 0.2 1.29 1.86

0.01 48.7 0.33 0.33 0.18 248.93

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

180 160 140 120

Metals Depletion Profile

60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Copper depletion Tests 4 and 7

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Copper profiles Low Cu, varying acid

Elapsed time (hrs)

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Metals Depletion Profile Cu and Lead

45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0

25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

Electrometals Technologies Limited Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Silver, copper, lead EW Programme APPENDIX: Test Data Sheets:

Electrometals Technologies Limited October 2003

Conductivity 92.70 104.60 118.30 205.80

Ag Per CE% 75.8% 173.2% 122.6% 81.4% 102.8% 112.5% 95.5%

180 160 140 120

Metals Depletion Profile

60.0 50.0 Pb, Cu (g/L) 40.0 30.0

20.0 10.0 0.0 6.00

Metal from solution:

Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited October 2003

Ag Per CE% 84.6% 37.1% 24.9% 10.9% 4.1%

0.48 49.6% 3.4% 14.5% 3.7%

Metals Depletion Profile

Metal from solution:

Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited October 2003

Ag Per CE% 85.5%

180 160 140 120

Metals Depletion Profile

Metal from solution:

Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited October 2003

Per CE% 112.5% 141.6% 86.3% 56.8%

60.0 50.0 40.0

30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0

Metal from solution:

10.00 15.00 Elapsed time (hr)

Silver, copper, lead EW Programme

Electrometals Technologies Limited October 2003

Cu g/L 51.9 51.9 51.9 51.9 51.9

60.0 50.0 40.0

Metals Depletion Profile

30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0

Metal from solution:

3.00 4.00 Elapsed time (hr)

Silver, copper, lead EW Programme