Present Perfect (have/has +participio pasado) Affirmative Have/has + Past participle Ex (see) I have seen/ she has seen

n Negative Havent/ hasnt + past participle Ex (see) I havent seen/ She hasnt seen Uses: When we use the present perfect theres always a connection with now. The action in the past has a result or a consequence now: Wheres your key? I dont know. I ve lost it. ( I havent got it now.) Is Sally here? No, she has gone out. (She is out now) I cant find my bag. Have you seen it? ( do you know where it is now?) We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening: OW! Ive cut my finger. The road is closed. There has been an accident. (From the news) The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery. We can use the present perfect with just, already and yet: JUST ( meaning a short time ago. Just is placed between have and the past participle) Hello. Have you just arrived? Would you like something to eat? No, Ive just had lunch. ALREADY (to say that something has happened sooner than expected. We place already between the auxiliary have and the past participle) Dont forget to post the letter, will you? Ive already posted it. What time is Mark leaving? Hes already gone YET (meaning until now and shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. We use YET in questions and negative sentences and we write it at the end of the sentence) Has it stopped raining yet? Ive written the letter but I havent posted it yet. We use the present perfect to talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now. Therefore it can be used with temporal expressions such as recently, so far, since, for., in the last few days, lately Have you ever eaten I havent eaten anything since caviar?(in your life) last night. Everything is going well. We Its nice to see you again. We havent had any problems so havent seen each other for a far. long time. Have you heard from Anne recently? We use the present perfect with temporal expressions such as today, this morning, this year,etc when these periods have not finished at the time of speaking. Ive drunk four cups of tea today. Have you had a holiday this year? We also use the present perfect to say that it is the first time that something happens: Its the first time Ive driven a car (not I drive) Questions Have/has +subject+ past participle Ex (see) Have you seen/has she seen? Translation pretrito perfecto compuesto (he visto)

Present Perfect or Past Simple?

Present Perfect Past Simple it always tells us something about It tells us only about the past: now: Tom lost his key ( we dont know Tom has lost his key ( he doesnt have whether it was now or not, we it now) simply know that he lost it at some time in the past) DO NOT use present perfect if theres To talk about things that happened a no connection with the present (for long time ago example things that happened a long time ago) use the past simple instead: The Chinese have invented printing WRONG How many plays has Shakespeare written? WRONG DO NOT use present perfect when you talk about a finished time in the past(yesterday, 10minutes ago, in 1992, when I was a child.) use the past simple instead. The Chinese invented printing How many plays did Shakespeare wrote? To talk about finished time in the past. Its usual that it goes with temporal expressions like yesterday, last week, last night,when I was younger, from 1992 to 1996.

The weather has been nice The weather was nice yesterday. yesterday.WRONG They have arrived ten minutes ago. They arrived ten minutes ago. WRONG In questions asking HOW LONG? Questions asking WHEN? How long have Tom and Carol known When did Tom and Carol first meet? each other? Theyve known each other for a long They met a long time ago/when they time/ since they were at school. were at school.

Present perfect Continuous (have/has been + -ing) Affirmative have/has been+-ing (do) I have been doing/She has been doing. Negative Havent/hasnt been +-ing (do) I havent been doing/ he hasnt been doing. Interrogative Have/has+sujeto+ been+-ing (do) Have you been doing..?/Has she been doing? Traslation He estado haciendo Uses: We use present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped. Theres a connection with now: Youre out of breath. Have you been running? (youre out of breath now) Paul is very tired, He has been working very hard. (hes tired now) Ive been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks. To talk about an action that started in the past and it is still in progress or has just stopped. It is usual to find this tense with How long, for.and since : It has been raining for two hours. (It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining) How long have you been learning English? (Youre still learning English) Where have you been? Ive been looking for you for half an hour. George Hasnt been feeling well recently. You can use the present perfect continuous for actions repeated over a period of time: Debbie is a very good golf player. Shes been playing since she was six. Every morning they meet in the same caf. Theyve been going there for ages.

WATCH OUT!! Difference between PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS I am doing PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I have been doing. Now Dont disturb me now. Im working. We need an umbrella. Its raining. Hurry up! Were waiting now Ive been working hard, so Im going to have a rest. The ground is wet. Its been raining. Weve been waiting for a hour.

Past Perfect (had + past participle) (Haba hecho) Affirmative had+ past participle (do) I had done Negative Had not/hadnt + past participle (do) I hadnt done Questions had + sujeto + past participle (do) Had you done? Uses: To talk about an action that happened before another past action. That is to say: sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past, for example Johanna arrived to the party. We can take this sentence as the starting point of a story and talk about other things that happened before this time. For instance: When Johanna arrived to the party, Michael had already gone home. When we got home last night, we found that someone had broken into our flat. The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadnt flown before. PERSENT PERFECT Have done PAST PERFECT Had done

Past now Past now Who is this woman. Ive never seen her I didnt know who she was. Id never seen her before. before (= before then) We arent hungry. We have just had lunch We werent hungry. We had just had lunch.

Past Perfect Continuous (had been + -ing) ( Haba estado haciendo) Affirmative had been+-ing (do) I had been doing Negative hadnt/had not been+ -ing (do) I hadnt been doing Questions Had + sujeto + been + -ing (do) had you been doing. Uses: To talk about a continuous action that preceeded another action in the past: Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining but the ground was white. It had been snowing. ( It was not snowing when I looked out of the window, the sun was shining; but it had been snowing before, thats why the ground was white) Ann was sitting in an armchair watching tv. She was tired because she had been working very hard. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I have been +ing I had been +ing

past now Past now I hope the bus comes soon. Ive been waiting At last the bus came.I had been waiting for for 20mins. (before now) 20mins.( before the bus came) Hes out of breath. Hes been running. He was out of breath. He had been running.

Future Perfect (Will have +past participle) (habr hecho) AffirmativeWill have + past participle (do) I will have done Negative Will not/wont have +past participle (do) I wont have done Questions Will + sujeto + have+ past participle (do) Will you have done.? Uses: To talk about an action that will be finished at an specific time in the future: Were late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema. Will you have finished your task in half an hour? I wont have finished in half an hour if you keep talking to me. Compare the use of the future perfect with other perfect forms: Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years. (present perfect) Next year they will have been married for 25 years and will celebrate their silver weddings (future perfect) When their first child was born they had been married for three years. (past perfect)