Thermoanalytical Instruments

General Catalog
Thermoanalytical Instruments are used to measure the changes in material properties when they are heated or
cooled. Orton instruments measure changes in dimensions, viscosities, energies, and weights that are associated with phase changes, structural changes, chemical reactions, transitions, and other physical or chemical phenomena. Orton instruments are designed specifically for high temperature raw materials and finished products such as ceramics, glass, refractories, metals, and composites. The following paragraphs summarize the various types of thermoanalytical instruments made by Orton. Additional brochures with more detailed information are available upon request. Thermal Reaction Furnace
The Thermal Reaction Furnace is the most POWERFUL, most COST EFFECTIVE laboratory instrument for quantifying the REACTIONS of a material as a function of a temperature range. After ONE firing, you can study the effects of a temperature range on properties such as shrinkage, sintering, density, porosity, absorption, surface area, color, degree of crystallization, phase development, electrical properties, magnetic properties, and others. In ONE FIRING, the Thermal Reaction Furnace prepares a range of samples with known thermal histories for measuring and studying the effects of temperature on reactions and physical properties. Orton Thermal Reaction Furnaces are made for operation between room temperature and 1,600C.

Thermodilatometric Analysis (TDA)

Orton dilatometers are designed to measure the dimensional changes of ceramics, glasses, metals, carbon composites, cermets, minerals, and polymers as a function of temperature. The dilatometer records reversible and irreversible changes in length (expansion and shrinkage) during heating and cooling. Samples are quickly and easily measured for determining firing ranges and firing schedules, measuring thermal expansion ranges for glaze fits, and measuring thermal expansion ranges for R&D, QC or product certification. Orton standard dilatometers are used for ASTM E-228 and C-372 testing to measure the Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE or CTE), softening point, glass transition temperature, curie point, crystalline transformation, phase transition, shrinkage, warping, bloating, sintering rate, isothermal creep, stress relaxation. Orton dilatometers are made for the following temperature ranges: -150C to 450C; room temperature to 1,000C; room temperature to 1,200C; and room temperature to 1,600C. Orton manufactures systems for: horizontal and vertical orientation; various applied loads; single and multiple samples; large and small samples; digital and differential systems; ambient and controlled atmospheres; simple and complex thermal cycles; quench heating and cooling; and R&D, QC, and educational purposes.

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is a "fingerprinting" technique that provides information on the chemical reactions, phase transformations, and structural changes that occur in a sample during a heat-up or a cool-down cycle. The DTA measures the differences in energies released or absorbed, and the changes in heat capacity of materials as a function of temperature. The DTA is used to indicate the relative magnitude of reactions and phase transitions of ceramic materials or batches that can be destructive so that safe drying and firing schedules can be determined. The DTA identifies the temperature regions and the magnitude of critical events during a drying or firing process such as drying, binder burnout, carbon oxidation, sulfur oxidation, structural clay collapse, Alpha to Beta quartz transition, carbonate decompositions, recrystalizations, melting and cristobalite transitions, melting, solidification or solidus temperature, glass transition temperature (Tg), curie point, energy of reaction, heat capacity, and others. Orton DTAs are made for the following temperature ranges: room temperature to 1,000C; room temperature to 1,200C; and room temperature to 1,600C. Orton manufactures systems for: ambient and controlled atmospheres; simple and complex thermal cycles; and R&D, QC, and educational purposes.

Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a simple analytical technique that measures the weight loss (or gain) of a material as a function of temperature. Since mass loss and gain are disruptive processes to the sample material or batch, knowledge of the magnitude and temperature range of those reactions is necessary to design adequate thermal ramps and holds during those critical reaction periods. Orton TGAs are made for two temperature ranges: room temperature to 1,200C and room temperature to 1,600C. Orton manufactures TGA systems using balances for various capacities and sensitivity ranges for specific applications. Orton TGAs are made for: simple and complex thermal cycles; ambient and controlled atmospheres; simple and complex thermal cycles; large and small samples; and R&D, QC, and educational purposes.

Simultaneous DTA/TGA (ST)

The Simultaneous DTA/TGA is an instrument that combines the DTA and TGA into one system. The DTA and TGA are performed on the SAME sample at the same time as the sample is exposed to a programmed thermal cycle. The capabilities and limitations of the Orton Simultaneous DTA/TGA depend upon the combined characteristics of the DTA and TGA.

Refractory Testing Systems

Orton manufactures a combination dilatometer / Creep / RUL system specifically for large shapes required by the refractories applications. Orton software analyzes the data and performs the standard time or temperature based creep (ASTM C-832), creep in compression (CIC ISO 3187), RUL (ISO 1893), RUL (DIN 51 053, part 1), flow under load (FUL Din 51 053, part 2), and standard dilatometry analyses.

Special Instruments, Lab Furnaces, Thermal Controllers, Kiln/Furnace Monitoring Systems - contact Orton Glass Testing Systems - see the other side of this brochure
Descriptions and specifications are subject to change without notice March 2, 2006 Page 1 of 2

The Edward Orton Jr. Ceramic Foundation 6991 Old 3C Highway Westerville, OH 43082 USA Web Site: www.OrtonCeramic.com Phone: (614) 818-1331 Fax: (614) 895-5610 E-mail: Slevin@OrtonCeramic.com

Glass Testing Instruments

Glass manufacturers, researchers, and technologists are interested in specific temperature points, such as the softening point, annealing point, strain point, liquidus point, transition temperature, and are also interested in various temperature ranges of viscosities. Unfortunately, there is no single instrument that can generate data for all of these points or all of these viscosity ranges. Fortunately, Orton manufactures a series of instruments designed for determining specific temperature points or specific temperature / viscosity ranges. The graph to the right is a viscosity versus temperature curve for a standard glass composition and shows the various points and ranges of interest. The following is a list of the various temperatures and viscosity ranges of interest along with the specific instrument used to determine the temperatures of those points and ranges:
Temperature Points Softening Point Littleton Fiber Elongation Method Annealing and Strain Points Weighted Fiber Elongation Method Beam Bending Viscometer Viscosity Ranges (Log Poise) Log 14.0 to Log 9.0 Range Beam Bending Viscometer Log 9.0 to Log 5.0 Range Viscous Compression (Parallel Plate) Viscometer Log 5.0 to Log 2.0 Range Molten Glass Viscometer (Rotating Spindle) Procedure ASTM C-338 ASTM C-336 ASTM C-598 Instrument Model #s SP-1000 ANS-800 BBV-1000

ASTM C-1350M ASTM C-1351M ASTM C-965 (Proc. A)

BBV-1000Series PPV-1000 Series RSV-1600 Series

Other Glass Tests Coef. of Thermal Expansion (CTE), Glass Transition Point (Tg), and Dilatometric Softening Point 1,000C Horizontal Dilatometer ASTM E-228 Glass Dilatometer Liquidus Point Determinations / Glass Batch Reactions 1,500C / 1,600C Gradient Furnace ASTM C-829 Liquidus Furnace Glass Batch Reactions 1,600C Simultaneous DTA/TGA Model ST-736 Softening Point Approximations Labino Penetration Viscometer Method Labino Model SP-3A

Descriptions and specifications are subject to change without notice

March 2, 2006

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