1. What types of power are available to you? Which ones do you use most? Why?

I have several powers as a front line manager in my job: 1st power is the power of authority (legitimate power) as a result to my position 2nd one is the power punishing and control (coercive power) 3rd one is the expert power based on knowledge and experiences and skills 4th one Referent Power : Arises because of my personal traits e.g. admiration of another The one I use most is the expert one as in my work there are different levels of management with a lot of conflicts in addition to employees with bad quality, ignored all the time by the top management and my hands are chained with old struggling laws and bylaws. So I use the expert power to solve daily problems and conflicts and at the same time I found a lot of obstacles to use reward power to promote, motivate, and develop my subordinates, at the same time I can not punish them as I know that the errors they had used to commit are related to system of work and their fear of being transferred to administrative prosecution authority. The power of authority is present all the time but I do not prefer to use it to achieve goals except if there any carelessness.

2. How can organizations develop effective leaders? To be an effective leader, you should have the provision of a vision that influences all who work in the organization, confidence in ones vision and oneself, projecting / communicating the vision, Initiating / guiding change, mobilizing commitment and support for change, resolving conflict, building of trust, building sustainability and developing others. So the organizations should have a major role to explore and develop their own leaders by: Training through selecting trustable leadership programs, selecting those who have the motive to take leadership opportunities, those who have high self monitors, those who have the flexibility to change their behavior in relation to situations. They should be trained on situational analysis and how to modify situations, and also how to create vision and how to reach

3. Think about the times that you have had to lead. Describe what you think your own personal leadership style is. What could you do to improve your leadership style? Come up with an action plan of steps that you can take. My own leadership style was varying in relation to situation and type of subordinates ranging from CONSULTATIVE (presenting ideas and invites questions, sometimes selling ideas) to DEMOCRATIC (defining limits, asking group to make decisions) passing by PARTICIPATIVE (presenting problem, gets suggestions, makes decisions) as I was democratic with my quality team in Nasser institute and consultative with my subordinates in primary healthcare unit in countryside, and usually participative with high nurses in private hospital as a physician. What I could do to improve my leadership style: Developing my technical, managerial, knowledge skills and experiences through continuous learning, training, reading and implementing what I gain through this process. Also I can gain more via direct contact with other successful leaders sharing experiences in different situations Being an active listener to subordinates and colleges At last develop my own emotional intelligence skills through specified program Actions Completing MBA Eslsca Joining leadership academy of ministry of health Finishing MSC in pediatrics Looking for emotional intelligence course Make a study group focusing on leadership issues with my colleges Time Feb 2012 2012 May 2012 Next half of 2012 Next half of 2012

4. Think about a situation you are familiar with in which a leader was very ineffective. Then answer the following questions: a. What sources of power did this leader have? Did the leader have enough power to influence his or her followers? b. What kinds of behaviors did this leader engage in? Were they appropriate for the situation? Why or why not? c. What steps did this leader take to motivate his or her followers? Were these steps appropriate or inappropriate? Why? The situation as it was: Our department in ministry of health is assigned with process of accepting application of doctors to join universities in postgraduate studies and selecting those who are meeting conditions and recruiting them to suitable university in relation to their desires and university rules. As a consequence of our revolution the top manager decided to ignore all rules and conditions without taking opinion of those who will carry out the tasks or the universities who will accept doctors and at the same time they use the poor website of the Ministry Of Health to announce the results, and there were a big drop leading to a big catastrophe. A lot of information was wrong on website and the web itself has technological problems leading to failure of reaching the results as being a registered doctor in this process, in addition to the bad quality of employees regarding data entry and communication skills with doctors and the absence of responsibility among employees. Some doctors came to change their desires based on the errors happened and a malicious rumor had been developed that anyone can change his desires again and the leader had no intuition how to solve the problem except that using his legitimate power to force employees to work again manually using paperwork to change desires of more than 9000 doctors in two weeks plus reviewing each change to avoid free riders and the complications of this process are still present for more than 3 months now. A-The sources of power the leader has used was the legitimate and coercive powers only and in public organizations this is enough but on real work it was so bad

B- The kind of behavior the leader engaged in is to avoid facing the root cause of the problem and to avoid facing anyone with loud voice the culture of fear of loosing her position This behavior was not appropriate for the situation as it did not solve the problem C-The steps this leader took to motivate his or her followers just to give them financial reward after 2 months of work These steps are not appropriate, as the employees were not satisfied, shouting all the time and feel that they practice dirty work