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REFERENCES
Integrated Solid Waste Management Tchobanoglous, Theisen & Vigil, Mc Graw Hill Solid Waste Engineering - Vesilind, Worrel & Reinhart, Thomson Books
Semi Solids:
thickened sludge from effluent treatment plants, industrial semi solids
Liquid wastes:
domestic sewage, industrial effluents like distillery spentwash, white liquor, black liquor, etc.
Gaseous Wastes:
refinery gases, odorous gases, etc
Units of Heat
1BTU = 252 cal = 1055 J 1kg = 2.204 lb 1kJ = 0 9478 BTU 0.9478 1btu/lb = 0.556 kcal/kg 1kcal/kg = 1.80 BTU/lb 1kJ/kg = 0.43 BTU/lb
Heat content: kJ/kg kCal/kg BTU/lb Heat flow: kJ/Hour kCal/Hr BTU/Hr
Analysis of MSW
Component analysis:
Based on the various componenst like paper, glss, leather, biodegradables, plastics, etc
Proximate Analysis:
% Volatiles, % water Content and % Inerts Total makes 100%
Ultimate Analysis:
% C, %H, %O, %N, %S and %ash
Components
Food Waste Paper Card board Plastic Textiles Rubber Leather Yard waste Wood Glass Tine Aluminium Other Metal Dirt /Ash/soil/stones
Percentage by Weight
25.62 3.62 3.08 4.17 0.52 1.83 0.37 21.85 1.72 0.49 0.20 0.00 0.25 36.56
Volatile Matter
Dry Weight
As discarded or as received
Thermal Characteristics:
Heat Content: 3000 to 5000 kCal/kg in developed countries 600 to 1800 kCal/kg in developing countries Ignition temperature: 250 to 350oC Ash Fusion Temp: 1100 to 1200oC
Wood 15-40 Glass 1-4 Tins 2-4 Metals 2-6 Non-ferrous 2-4 Dirts /ash 6-12 6 12
Leather
60
11.6
10
0.4
10
%O 44
%N 0.3
%inert s
Yard wastes
47.8
38
3.4
0.3
4.5
6 5 10 5
Wood
49.5 49 5
42.7 42 7
0.2 02
0.1 01
1.5 15
0.15 2.5 10
0.5
0.2
68
If SFC = 2600 btu/lb, exactly autogenous if combustion air is pre-heated to 1000oF If SFC = 2400 btu/lb, exactly autogenous if combustion air is pre-heated to 1200oF If SFC < 2400 btu/lb, usually support fuel is required
MSW
Magnetic Separator
Ultimate analysis:
C 35 to 40 %, H 5 to 8 %, N 1 to 1.5 %, S 0.2 to 0.5 %, Oxygen 25 to 30 %, moisture and inerts.
Binder: a waste from petroleum refinery with a heat content of 8000 to 9000 kcal / kg
RDF Production
Electrical energy input: 80 to 100 kWHr per metric tone of the product Corresponding energy out put: about 1000 kWHr per metric tone of RDF That means Energy out put: input = 10:1