Republic of Yemen University of Aden, Faculty of Engineering Mechanical Engineering Department Even Semester Examinations for Acad.

Year 1999 1999/2000 Subject: Energy Conversion Date: Class: B3M Time : 3 hours Note: - Attempt any FIVE questions - Using of steam charts and tables is permitted. Question (1) Answer briefly the following question: 1) What is the effect of reheating on cycle and efficiency? 2) Why is the ideal regenerative cycle not practicable? 3) What is the pour point and what is flash point? 4) What is draught and what are the functions of the draught system? 5) What is a fusible plug of a steam boiler and why is it used? 6) How does air leakage affect the condenser performance? 7) What are stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature? 8) How is a jet condenser different from a barometric condenser? Question (2) The analysis of fuel oil is as follow: Carbon 83.9, hydrogen 13.9, sulphur 2.2, oxygen 0.0, nitrogen 0.0 Calculate for complete combustion with 20% excess air: a) the flue gas volume in m3 / kg of oil at 200 oC and 1.013 bar , R= 0.29 kJ/kg K b) dry gas volumetric analysis. Question (3) The following data refer to a certain steam generator with fuel oil system: Steam rate= 150 t/h Maximum pressure= 150 bar Superheater outlet temperature= 500 oC Economizer inlet temperature of feed water= 180 oC Overall boiler efficiency= 80% Calorific value of fuel= 23.1 MJ/kg Heat release rate in the furnace= 186.5 kW/ m3 Width : Length : Height of furnace= 1:2:3 Determine: a) the fuel burning rate; b) the percentage of total heat that each of economizer boiler and superheater contributes; c) the dimensions of the furnace.

Question (4) (a) Compare the merits and demerits of surface condenser over a jet condenser. (b) A condenser for a steam power plant receives 185 t/h of steam at 40 oC, x=0.92. Cooling water enters at 33 oC and leaves at 37 oC. The condensate leaves at 39 oC. The pressure inside the condenser is found to be 0.077 bar. Find: a) the cooling water flow required in m3 /s; b) the air leakage into the condenser. Question (5) (a) What do you understand by (a) critical pressure rate (b) choked flow. (b) Steam at 30 bar, 350 oC expands through a convergent-divergent nozzle. The exit plane pressure is 3 bar. The flow rate is 0.5 kg/s and the nozzle efficiency is 0.8. Assuming that the velocity at inlet is negligible, determine: a) throat and exit areas; b) steam velocity at exit and c) the quality of steam. Question (6) (a) What is the difference between impulse and reaction turbine. (b) The angles at inlet and discharge of the blading of 50% reaction turbine are 35o and 20o , respectively. The speed of rotation is 1500 rpm and at a particular stage, the mean ring diameter is 0.67 m and the steam condition is at 1.5 bar, 0.96 dry. Estimate: a) the required height of blading to pass 3.6 kg/s of steam and b) the power developed by the ring. Question (7) (a) A single-acting , single-stage air compressor compresses 7 litres of air/s from atmospheric conditions 0.1013 MN/m2 and 15 oC to a pressure of 1.4 MN/ m2. The polytropic index is 1.3 and the effect of clearance may be neglected. Calculate the power required to drive the compressor if the mechanical efficiency is 82%. (b) A rotary air compressor has an inlet static pressure and temperature of 100 kN/m2 and 20 oC respectively. The compressor has an air mass flow rate of 2 kg/s through a pressure ratio of 5:1 . The isentropic efficiency of compressor is 85%. Exit velocity from the compressor is 150 m/s. Determine: a) the power required to drive the compressor; b) total temperature and pressure at exit from the compressor; Take, =1.4 and Cp =1.00 kJ/kg K.